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Auxiliaries
Feed Systems
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Feed Systems
The feed system completes the cycle between
boiler and turbine to enable the exhausted
steam to return to the boiler as feedwater

The feed system is made up four basic items

• Boiler (generates steam to turbine)
• Turbine (steam provides mechanical power to turbine)
• Condenser (low pressure steam condenses to form
water)
• Feed Pump (water pumps back to boiler)
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Open Feed System Low Pressure system: F.O. storage tank

heating
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Closed Feed System High pressure steam: Main propulsion

steam turbine

Conderser
1. High vacuum
2. Conderate the stewam to
minimum heat drop

All heaher
1. Increase plant efficiency by
recovering heat
2. Increase feed water
temperature
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Auxiliary Feed System Form open/close system steam driven deck aux.
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Steam to Steam Where contamination of the feedwater may be a problem

Generator Feed
System

Clean steam
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System Components
Condenser – to remove latent heat from exhaust steam to condensate
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Condenser
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Air Ejector
to remove air/vapours
and maintain vacuum in
the condenser
The air were not removed from the
system it could cause corrosion
problems in the boiler.

Air present in the condenser would

affect the condensing process and
cause a back pressure in the
condenser.

The back pressure would increase the

exhaust steam pressure nd reduce the
thermal efficiency of the plant

1. Prevent corrosion
2. Reduce back pressure and increase
thermal efficiency
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Heat Exchanger
to transfer heat between a solid object and a fluid, or
between two or more fluids
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Drain Cooler- receives the exhaust steam/drains

from various auxiliary services and condense/cool them
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De-aerator- to release dissolved gases (oxygen) in

feedwater
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Feed Pump – to raise the 2-stage centrifugal

feedwater to pressure high enough to impeller (steam driven)
enter the boiler
Steam
turbine
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Operation and Maintenance

• Maintain a balance between feed input and steam
output ( for boiler)
• Keep a normal water level in boiler
• Regularly replace the sacrificial anode ( for condenser sea
water side)
• Frequently inspect for corrosion and leakage (for turbine)
• Check sealing arrangement for prevention of air
entering ( for condenser extraction pump)
• Check vacuum for air tightness ( for condenser )
• Regularly clean the heat exchanger surfaces
• Check overspeed trip regularly ( for feed pump)
• Measure the axial clearances with special gauge ( for feed
pump )
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Auxiliaries
Pump and
Pumping Systems
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Pumps and Pumping Systems

• Pump is a device for the transportation of
liquids or gases by mechanical action in
connection with the pipework
• Pumping systems are often
interconnecting and most pumps are in
pairs.
• Which comprised of pumps, piping,
valves and fittings, which will now be
examined in turn.
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Basic Pumping

Total system loss:

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Pump Characteristics
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Types of Pump
Displacement Pumps
• Reciprocating – Single Acting
• Reciprocating – Double Acting
• Rotary – Vane Displacement
• Rotary – Screw Displacement
Axial-flow Pumps
• Horizontal, Vertical, Screw and Reversible Types
Centrifugal Pumps
• Volute and Diffuser Types
• Multi-stage Type
Water-ring Primer and Ejectors
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Displacement Pumps
(self priming and discharge valve must be open
before starting)
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Reciprocating Pumps

Double Acting

Single Acting
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Rotary Displacement
Pumps

Vane Type
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Rotary Displacement
Pumps

Screw
Type

Lobe
Type
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Axial Flow Pumps

Suction
Screw turn

Discharge

Screw Type
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Axial Flow Pumps

Rotor Type
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Axial Flow Pumps

Reversible Type

Container ship: Anti-heeling pump

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Centrifugal Pumps
( not self priming and discharge valve
should be closed before starting)

Single Stage
Type
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Centrifugal Pumps

Multi-stages Type
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Water-ring Primers ( elliptical casing - use as a

priming device )

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wIbIzCS1jHU
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Ejector Pumps ( no moving part )

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Applications of Pump
Displacement Pumps
Reciprocating Rotary
Boost Pressure Applications Continuous Pressure Applications
e.g. Air Compression e.g. Fuel and Lube Oil

Axial Flow Pumps

Rotor Reversible
Continuous Flow Rate Applications High Flow Rate Applications
e.g. Bilge and Sludge e.g. Condenser Circulating

Centrifugal Pumps
Volute and Diffuser Multi-stage
Maintain Pressure and Flow High Pressure Applications
e.g. Cargo and Ballast water e.g. Boiler Feed Water
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Applications of Pump
Water-ring Primer Ejector
Self-priming Applications Vacuum Suction Applications
e.g. Fire Services e.g. Sewage and Air Ejector

Maintenance
Regular maintenance on the machine will involve attention to
lubrication of the shaft bearing and ensuring that the shaft seal
or gland is not leaking liquid. Unsatisfactory operation or loss
of performance may require minor or major overhauls.

Common faults, such as no discharge, may be a result of valves

in the system being shut, suction strainers blocked or other
faults occurring in the priming system. Air leaks in the suction
piping, a choked impeller or too tight a shaft gland
can all lead to poor performance.
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Pumping Systems
Pipes and Valves
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Piping Systems
Most of the marine machineries are connected by pipes to
form a complete system for full operation.

Pipes and Pipework Material

Machinery space pipework is made up of assorted straight lengths and
bends joined by flanges with an appropriate gasket or joint between, or
very small-bore piping may use compression couplings.
System Material Support
Waste Steam Carbon steel to BS3601 Spring hangers +
Expansion Joints
SW Circulating Aluminum brass
Wash Deck and Firemain Galvanised Carbon steel
Bilge and Ballast Galvanised Carbon steel Hanger & Pipe Clips
Control air Copper
Starting air Carbon steel
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Valves
• To regulate or stop the liquid flow in a piping system
• Particular function or advantages for different types of valve

Cock Valve Globe Valve

Non-return Valve Gate Valve

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Valves

Relief Valve Quick-closing Valve

Valve Chests Valve Chests

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Other Fittings

Mud Box

Steam Trap
Expansion Bellow
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Bilge and Ballast Systems

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Bilge and Ballast Systems

Bilge System

The bilge main pipeline runs through the engine

room to connect both forward and aft with port and
starboard bilge wells through bilge pipe suctions.
All bilge suctions must be fitted with suitable screw
down non-return valves and mud boxes. The various
pumps and lines of the cargo hold bilge system are
interconnected to some extent so that each pump
can act as an alternative or standby for another.
Bilge suctions from all cargo holds are connected to
this system.
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Bilge and Ballast Systems

Ballast System

The ballast system is arranged that water can be

drawn from any tank or the sea and discharged to
any other tank or the sea as required to trim the
vessel.

There is no interconnection between the bilge and

ballast systems to prevent the ballast pipelines
and tanks from contamination.
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Oily Waste Systems

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Oily Waste Systems

Shipboard oily waste must be reduced by the
following means:

 Reduce the generation of oily waste

 Store waste oil and oily waste in oily waste
holding (OWH) tanks
 Monitor oil and oily waste by oil content
monitor (OCM)
 Transfer or offload waste oil and oily waste
to shore facilities
 Process oily waste by oily water separator
(OWS)
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Domestic Water Systems

FW System Sanitary System

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Domestic Water Systems

Domestic water systems usually comprise
 a fresh water system for washing and drinking; and
 a salt water system for sanitary purposes.

Both use a basically similar arrangement of an automatic

pump supplying the liquid to a tank which is pressurized
by compressed air. The compressed air provides the head
or pressure to supply the water when required. The pump
is started automatically by a pressure switch which
operated as the water level falls to a predetermined level.

The fresh water system has, in additional, a calorifier or

heater for obtaining hot fresh water.
Fuel Oils, Lube Oils & Their
Treatment
Marine Auxiliaries
Properties of Fuel Oils
• Specific gravity (kg/m3)
• Viscosity (Ns/m2)
• Cetane Number
• Flash Point
• Pour Point
• Cloud Point
• Residual Carbon
• Sulphur Content
• Calorific Value
Properties of Lube Oils
The most important simple property is viscosity
and the other is boundary lubrication quality.
Factors to increase the working life of the oil:

• Total Base Number (TBN)

• Acidity
• Oxidation Resistance
• Carbon-forming Tendency
• Demulsibility
• Corrosion Inhibition
• Lube Oil Additives (e.g. EP)
Oil Treatments

Centrifugal Filter Centrifugal Purifier