COMPREHENSION: 01

We see a kind of milk in tins. It is powdered milk. All the water in this milk is evaporated. When
fresh milk stays in a dish for a little time, the thick art of milk comes to the top. It is the cream of
milk. From this cream people make butter. If milk with the cream on it is made into powder, it is
called 'Full Cream Milk Powder'. When something floating is taken off from the top of a liquid,
we say, it is skimmed. When the cream is skimmed from the milk, the thin milk that stays is
called 'Skim Milk'. Skim milk is a good milk but it has no fat in it. It is not good for very young
babies.

QUESTIONS:

1. Is the milk in tins powdered or liquid?

2. What becomes of the water in the milk?
3. What comes to the top of fresh milk when it stays for a little time in a dish?
4. What does the thick part of milk have in it?
5. What is cream?
6. What do people make from cream?

COMPREHENSION: 02

Hazrat Khalid Bin Waleed was extremely kind hearted and just to the people. His army had strict
orders not to do any harm to the farmers, aged persons, women, children and other civilians.
"They are the real strength of the society," he said, "They should always be treated with kindness
and respect." This was something new for the conquered people, who felt very happy now. The
Iranian and Byzantine officers were very hard on them. Hazrat Khalid Bin Waleed's treatment
won their hearts so much that they began to hate their cruel old masters.

QUESTIONS:

1. How did Hazrat Khalid Bin Waleed treat the people?

2. What were the orders given to the army?
3. What did he say about farmers and civilians?
4. How had their former masters treated them?
5. How did Hazrat Khalid Bin Waleed win the hearts of the conquered people?
6. Why did people hate their old masters?
COMPREHENSION: 03

The age of steam has yielded place to the age of electricity. We have harnessed and introduced it
into the service of man. The electric telegraph bears our message to and brings us news from all
quarters of the world.

Who is not familiar with the electric bell? Who has not used telephone? Who is not enjoying
electric light? Electric motors, wireless telegraphy, electric railways, electric modes of
construction and destruction, all attest to the great power of electricity. Electricity has developed
and created many industries. It has enabled man to conquer land, sea and air.

QUESTIONS:

1. Why do we call the present age the age of electricity?

2. Which age has yielded place to the age of electricity?

3. How do we send and receive messages?

4. State some important uses of electricity?

5. What do you think is the future of electricity?

COMPREHENSION: 04

A man is known by the company he keeps. A good student should avoid the company of those
who keep playing all the time. Many students miss their classes and seldom do their homework
because some other fellow students do the same. There are hardworking students also, who work
while others play. They know when to study and when to play. They play when it is time to play.
They enjoy the games of their choice because they know that playing games is essential for
health. A sick student is not so quick in learning his lesson as is a healthy one.

QUESTIONS:

1. What kind of company should a good student keep?

2. Why do some students miss their classes?

3. Why do good students enjoy good health?

4. Why are games necessary for students?

5. What factors may bring success to a student?

COMPREHENSION: 05

Newspapers keep us constantly in touch with the whole of mankind. In old days a man's world
was limited to his own village and one or two neighboring villages. It was difficult for him to
know what was going on in other parts of the country. But today the press assisted by rapid
means of communication, brings us news from the farthest corners of the globe. The press is also
responsible for educating the public opinion. The laws of nation are really shaped by its press. In
fact, the public receives guidance from the newspapers. Thus, their power in modern times is
undeniable.

QUESTIONS:

1. What good do the newspaper do to us?

2. Why in older days could a man not know what was going on in far off places?

3. What is the responsibility of the press today?

4. How are the laws of country shaped nowadays?

5. How are the newspapers a source of public guidance?

6. What is your opinion about the power of the press?

COMPREHENSION: 06

About sixty years ago, the question of choosing a profession was not taken up seriously. A son
generally follow the trade of his father. But now a day’s one can take up a trade that one likes.
The students who make the right choice of profession are always successful. For the right choice
of a profession there should be some definite aim.

The students who do not have any definite aim suffer a lot in the end as they have a difficulty in
finding employment. In choosing a profession the teacher and the parents play a very important
part. The teacher keeps an eye on his pupils. He studies their habits. So he can guide his pupils to
the right path of life.

QUESTIONS:

1. Why did the people not choose the profession seriously?

2. What is the advantage of right choice of profession?

3. How can a student choose his profession rightly?

4. What will be the difficulty of a student who is reading without a definite aim?
 5. How can a teacher help his pupils in making a choice of profession?

6. Can a student of present times choose his profession freely?

COMPREHENSION: 07

Making pottery on the potter's wheel is called 'throwing'. The thrower is a very skillful workman.
But there is another method of shaping articles out of clay, ' moulding’. A plaster mould is made
and the clay is pressed into it. This is a quicker and less difficult way to make things like handles,
but all the most beautiful pottery is thrown. When the piece of pottery is taken off the wheel, it is
out aside to dry, after which a design may be painted on it with special colours that will stand
great heat. It is then ready to be fired. This is done in a large oven or Kiln. The pieces of pottery
are placed in earthenware tubs called 'saggers' so that the flames cannot touch the pots.

QUESTIONS:

1. What is throwing?

2. What is other method of shaping articles?

3. What is the advantage of moulding?

4. How does the potter make designs on the pieces of pottery?

5. How are the pieces of pottery baked in fire?

THE END