HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)

Part I Planet Earth

Chemistry: Chapter 3 The ocean

Combined Science (Chemistry Part): Chapter 3 The ocean

Structured questions

Sections 3.1−3.3
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A student wanted to separate common salt from sea water by heating.

(a) Draw a labelled diagram of the set-up for the separation process. (2 marks)

(b) The student stated that the residue left behind is pure sodium chloride. Comment
on the statement. (2 marks)

(c) State the change in physical state of water during evaporation. (1 mark)

(d) State ONE safety precaution that he should take while he conducts the above
experiment. (1 mark)

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(a)
sea water
evaporating dish

wire gauze

heat

Correct drawing 1
Correct labels 1

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(b) The statement is incorrect. 1

The residue includes sodium chloride as well as other salts and impurities. 1
(c) From liquid to gas 1
(d) Wear safety spectacles. 1
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A student performed an experiment to determine the solubility of sodium chloride in
water at 25C. The student first added an excess amount of sodium chloride powder to
water at 25C. The solution was then filtered to remove the undissolved sodium
chloride. A certain amount of filtrate was added to a dry evaporating dish (weighed
8.74 g). The mass of the evaporating dish with filtrate was 10.97 g. The filtrate was
then heated and the residue was dried in oven. The mass of the evaporating dish with
residue was 9.54 g.

(a) Why an excess amount of sodium chloride was added at the beginning? (1 mark)

(b) Draw a labelled diagram to show the set-up of evaporation using evaporating
dish. (2 marks)

(c) Calculate the solubility of sodium chloride in water at 25 oC with the unit g / g of
water. (3 marks)

(d) If the student forgets to put the residue in oven, will the calculated solubility be
higher, lower or not affected? Explain briefly. (2 marks)

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##
(a) To ensure that the solution is saturated with sodium chloride. 1
(b)

sea water
evaporating
sea water dish
evaporating dish water
wire gauze wire gauze
heat heat

or

Correct drawing 1
Correct labels 1
(c) Mass of filtrate added = 10.97  8.74 = 2.23 g 1
Mass of residue left = 9.54  8.74 = 0.80 g 1
0.80 g
Solubility of sodium chloride in water at 25oC = = 0.36 g / g of water 1
2.23 g
(d) The calculated solubility will become higher. 1
Since some water is left in the residue, the calculated mass of residue left
will be higher. 1
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*Outline the steps in obtaining dry and large sodium chloride crystals from sea water.
(5 marks)

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
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##
- Filter the sea water to remove any insoluble impurities. 1
- Allow the filtrate to stand at room temperature for a few days. Large
sodium chloride crystals form. 1
- Filter out the crystals and wash the crystals with little cold distilled water. 1
- Dry the crystal using filter paper or oven. 1
- Communication mark 1
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Sections 3.4−3.6
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A student used the following set-up to isolate pure water from sea water.

thermometer

water out

sea water
anti-bumping water in
granules
heat
distillate

(a) State the function of anti-bumping granules in the set-up. (1 mark)

(b) State and explain what would be observed when a flame test is carried out on sea
water. (2 marks)

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
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(c) A student performed silver nitrate test on the distillate. No precipitate forms.
(i) The student stated that the distillate is pure water as there is no precipitate
formed in silver nitrate test. Explain why the statement is wrong. (1 mark)

(ii) Hence, suggest a method to show that the distillate is pure water. (2 marks)

##
(a) To prevent bumping of sea water. 1
(b) A golden yellow flame is observed. 1
Sodium is present in sea water. 1
(c) (i) The negative result in silver nitrate test can only show that the
distillate contains no chloride. It cannot show that the distillate is
pure water. 1
(ii) Measure the boiling point of the distillate (at 1 atmospheric pressure). 1
If it boils at 100C, the distillate should be pure water. 1
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To identify compound X, flame test and silver nitrate test are performed. The results
are listed in the following table.

Test Result
Flame test Bluish green flame is observed.
Silver nitrate test White precipitate forms.

*(a) Outline the procedure for the flame test. (4 marks)

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
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(b) (i) Suggest an acid that should be used to acidify silver nitrate solution in the
silver nitrate test. (1 mark)

(ii) State the purpose of acidifying the silver nitrate solution. (1 mark)

(c) Name the substances present in compound X. (2 marks)

##
(a) - Moisten a clean platinum wire with concentrated hydrochloric acid. 1
- Dip the wire into a crushed sample (or solution) of the substance to
be tested. 1
- Heat the end of the wire strongly in a non-luminous flame. 1
- Communication mark 1
(b) (i) Dilute nitric acid 1
(ii) To prevent the formation of other precipitates. 1
(c) Copper 1
Chloride 1
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A student wanted to separate common salt from sea water by filtration followed by
crystallization.

(a) Give the chemical name of common salt. (1 mark)

(b) Draw a labelled diagram of the set-up for the filtration process. (2 marks)

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
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(c) The student stated that the filtrate contains sodium as the only metallic element.
Comment on the statement. (2 marks)

(d) A few drops of the filtrate is added to anhydrous copper(II) sulphate. State the
expected observable change. (1 mark)

##
(a) Sodium chloride 1
(b)

glass rod
sea water

residue

filtrate

Correct drawing 1
Correct labels 1
(c) The statement is incorrect. 1
Other metallic elements (such as calcium and magnesium) can also be
found in the filtrate. 1

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
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(d) Anhydrous copper(II) sulphate changes from white to blue. 1

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For each pair of the following compounds, suggest a chemical test to distinguish one
from the other. State the expected observations.

(a) Copper(II) chloride and copper(II) fluoride (2 marks)

(b) Calcium chloride and potassium chloride (3 marks)

(c) Water and pure ethanol (2 marks)

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(a) Perform silver nitrate test. / Add acidified silver nitrate solution to the
compound. 1
Only copper(II) chloride will give a white precipitate. 1
(b) Perform flame test. 1
Calcium chloride gives a brick-red flame. 1
Potassium chloride gives a lilac flame. 1
(c) Any ONE:
- Add the liquid to anhydrous copper(II) sulphate. 1
Only water turns the solid from white to blue. 1
- Test the liquid with dry cobalt(II) chloride paper. (1)
Only water turns the paper from blue to pink. (1)
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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part I Planet Earth

|!|CMELF0010300008|!| |!|CSELF0010300008|!|
Sea water is one of the major sources of chemicals. Hydrogen and some chemicals
can be collected from sea water as shown below.

Sea water
Process 1

Solution X Gas Y Hydrogen

(a) Name process 1. (1 mark)

(b) Suggest a test for hydrogen. (2 marks)

(c) State and explain the observable change when a flame test is carried out on
solution X. (2 marks)

(d) Suggest ONE product that is made from solution X and gas Y. (1 mark)

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(a) Electrolysis 1
(b) Test it with a burning splint. 1
Hydrogen burns with a ‘pop’ sound. 1
(c) A golden yellow flame is observed 1
as solution X contains sodium. 1
(d) Chlorine bleach 1
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