INTRODUCTION TO IoT

1.1 What is IoT?

IOT stands for Internet of things, and it is shaping the way we live our lives. IOT refers to the
system of interrelated devices connected to the internet to transfer and receive data from one
another to function better and perform specified tasks.
Based on functionality of IOT devices we can mainly classify them into 2 types:
- Actuators are the devices that operate based on the commands given to it Ex: TV, AC and other
household appliances
- Sensory Devices collect data from surroundings Ex: Light sensor, Temperature sensors etc
Sensors and actuators are connected to the cloud through gateways. These IOT device can be
connected through wired or wireless connections. The Central-System (cloud) receives all the data
and performs operations based on the data collected, gives commands to actuators and actuators
perform the action
1.1.1 Brief History of Industries
Industrial revolution refers to the advancements in manufacturing processes due to technology and
innovation, First Industrial revolution refers to the shift of working population from agriculture
sector to manufacturing sector. Whereas the second industrial revolution refers to the introduction
of electricity and communication lines in the manufacturing process. The third industrial revolution
refers to the rise of digital technology and usage of computers in the manufacturing process. The
third industrial revolution took place in the late 20th century.
The main causes of these revolutions in the industrial sector are the following:
- Innovation: to improve the quality of product and services. Innovation and improvement of
products also help the manufacturer stay ahead of its competitors.
- Cost savings: This is key factor that leads to industrial revolution since industries minimize the
maintenance expenses, wastage in power and raw materials.
- Sustainability: Industries aim to reduce the wastage of raw materials and reduce the negative
impact of industries on the environment

1.2 What is IIoT?

IIoT (Industrial Internet of things is a subdomain of IoT that focuses mainly on implementation of
IoT features such as sensing, automation, machine to machine communication, data analysis of
device functioning etc in the manufacturing process. It focuses on enhancing the operations that
take place in the industry through different means of automation, data analytics and improved end
to end connectivity which provides clarity to the user and the manufacturer and helps bridge the gap
between them.
 FIG 1. Network Connectivity Bridging Industries and Consumer
1.2.1 Why IIoT?
1) Data Analysis: The data collected from various IOT devices and sensors with the help of AI,
machine learning and various data analysis approaches can be used to perform a wide range of tasks
such as:
- Predictive maintenance
- Insight to performance of manufacturing equipment and its dependence on physical conditions,
which enables the industries to adapt accordingly
- Better decision making based on the data collected.
- Quality improvement: This enables the manufactures to monitor the products being processed and
to ensure the standard of products.
2) Safety Systems: IIOT devices can be used to for continuous monitoring and tracking of
production lines, workers, functioning of devices and can be used for alerting in case of any failure
thereby preventing loss in human life, also the predictive automated maintenance reduces the
chances of any potential disasters. Integration of safety system can also be done using IIOT and the
quick decision making of IIOT will reduce the potential damage in case of a failure.
3)Real Time monitoring and tracking: This can enhance the operational efficiency by providing the
following features :
- Inventory management
- Route optimisation
- Vehicle/shipment tracking
4)Workflow Automation: IIoT can be used to reduce production error by automating repetitive tasks
thereby increasing production efficiency
5)

1.3 The Implementation of IoT in the transportation and logistics sector

The internet of tings (IoT) is changing the way industries operate by connecting devices, gathering
large amounts of data, and enabling intelligent decision making. In the transportation and logistics
sector, IoT provides opportunity for new technology to emerge to optimize operational efficiency,
improve supply chain management and reduce costs substantially. Under the broad scope of IoT
when siloed the industrial industry of things(IIoT) focuses on improving industrial processes, in
terms of transport and logistics by gathering data from machines, monitor environmental
conditions, and implement predictive maintenance strategies.
In this report, we will examine the specific applications of IoT in transportation and logistics, such
as optimizing supply chain management, asset tracking and monitoring, predictive maintenance,
and environmental monitoring.