Higher Math

1st Paper
Chapter-04
Circle
➢ Important Topics of this Chapter for Creative Question of (a), (b) & (c):
Times Questions Board & Year the Questions
Importance Type Appeared Have Appeared
a b c CQ
T-01: Determining center and DB’23, 18; Ctg.B’23; BB’23;
 7 - 1
radius of circle MB’23; SB, JB’18; Din.B’18
RB’23, 22; SB, JB’23; Ctg.B, BB,
 T-02: Polar equation of a circle 09 - -
Din.B, MB’22; CB’19
T-03: Equation of a circle from
 the center and any other 1 1 1 MB’23; JB’22; SB’17
point on it
T-04: Equation of a circle JB’23, 19; MB’23, 22; RB,
 2 3 4
touching the axes SB’22; Din.B’19
T-05: Length of the x and y axis SB’23, 22; BB’23, 22; CB’23, 22;
 3 3 4
intercepts DB’22; MB’22; Ctg.B’19
T-06: Equation of a circle from
 - 2 1 DB’22; Ctg.B’22; RB’19
the end points of a diameter
T-07: Equation of a circle with
 center at origin and - 2 1 BB’19; Din.B’17
touching both x and y axis
T-08: Equation of a circle from
 - 3 - RB’19, 18; BB’18; CB’18; JB’17
three points on it
T-09: Equation of a circle whose
 center lies on various - 2 2 DB’23; SB’19; BB’17; CB’17
straight lines
T-10: Circles with triangle and
 - 1 - Din.B’19
square
T-11: Equation of a circle passing
 through the intersection of a - 1 1 Din.B’23; DB’22
circle and a straight line
T-12: Conditions of touching a
 - 3 1 DB’23, 22; Ctg.B’17; CB’17
circle by a straight line
T-13: Equation of a circle from its
 - - 2 SB’23; Ctg.B’17
tangent
T-14: Tangent of a circle parallel,
perpendicular or any other RB’23; BB’23; JB’23, 17;
 - 3 4
condition with another Din.B’22; MB’22; DB’19
straight line

1
 T-15: Equation of chord from
 midpoint of chord and - 1 - JB’22
equation of circle
T-16: Tangent and normal to
 tangent at a given point on - 2 2 BB’22, 19; MB’22; Ctg.B’19
circle
T-17: Length of tangent to a circle
 3 - 1 JB’23; Din.B’23; CB’22, 19
from an external point
T-18: Equations of tangent to a RB’23, 17; Ctg.B’23, 18; CB’23,
 - - 6
circle from an external point 18; SB’22; JB’22; BB’18
T-19: Position of a circle w.r.t
 another circle and condition - 2 - DB’19; RB’17
for touching
T-20: Related to Common chord Ctg.B’23; JB’23; Din.B’23, 22,
 - 2 5
of circle RB’22; CB’22, 19

T-01: Determining center and radius of circle

01. (a) If parametric equation of a circle is x 2 = 25 − t 2 , y = t then determine its diameter. [DB’23]
Solution
(a) Given that, y = t and x 2 = 25 − t 2 ⇒ x 2 = 25 − y 2 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 25 ⇒ (x − 0)2 + (y − 0)2 = 52
∴ Radius = 5 ∴ Diameter = 2 × 5 = 10

02. (a) Determine the equation of circle with radius 3 and concentric with the circle
x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 6y = 0. [Ctg.B’23]
Solution
(a) Given that, x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 6y = 0
Here, g = −2 and f = −3
∴ Center is (−g, −f), that is, (2, 3)
∴ Equation of circle with center (2, 3) & radius 3 unit,
⇒ (x − 2)2 + (y − 3)2 = 32 ⇒ x 2 − 4x + 4 + y 2 − 6y + 9 = 9 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 6y + 4 = 0

03. (a) Find the center and radius of the circle 2x 2 + 2y 2 = 0. [BB’23]
Solution
(a) Center of the circle 2x 2 + 2y 2 = 0 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 02 is (0, 0) and radius r = 0

04. (a) If parametric equation of a circle is x 2 = 1 − t 2 and y = t + 3 then what is the center and radius of the
circle? [BB’23]
Solution
(a) Parametric equation of the circle is x 2 = 1 − t 2 and y = t + 3 or t = y − 3 so, x 2 = 1 − (y − 3)2
⇒ x 2 + (y − 3)2 = 12 ; Center of the circle (0, 3) and radius is 1 unit.

2
05. (a) Determine the equation of the circle 3x 2 + 3y 2 − 6x − 12y + 1 = 0. [MB’23]
Solution
√𝟒𝟐
(a) Similar to (a) of question no. 06, T-01. Ans:
𝟑

06. (a) Determine the center and radius of circle x 2 + y 2 − 12x − 8y + 34 = 0. [CB’23]
Solution
(a) Given that, x 2 + y 2 − 12x − 8y + 34 = 0
Now, comparing the given equation with x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0,
g = −6, f = −4, c = 34 … … … (ii)
∴ Center ≡ (−g, −f) = (6, 4)
And radius = √(−6)2 + (−4)2 − 34 = √36 + 16 − 34 = 3√2 unit

07. [DB, SB, JB, Din.B’18]

(a) If the parametric equation of a circle is x 2 = 1 − t 2 & y = t then determine the centre of the circle.
(c) If OD = 3√2 then determine the equation of the circle.
Solution
(a) x 2 = 1 − t 2 … … (i)
y = t … … (ii)
Putting the value of y in (i), x 2 = 1 − y 2 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 1
∴ Centre (0,0) (Ans.)
(c)

C(2
D
, 2)

O (0, 0)
OC = √22 + 22 = 2√2
OD = 3√2
∴ Radius, r = CD = OD − OC = 3√2 − 2 √2 = √2
2
∴ Equation of the circle: (x − 2)2 + (y − 2)2 = (√2)
∴ (x − 2)2 + (y − 2)2 = 2 (Ans.)

3
 T-02: Polar equation of a circle

π
01. (a) If the center of a circle is (6, ) and radius is 5 units, then determine the equation of the circle. [RB’23]
4

Solution
π π π
(a) Center ≡ (r, θ) = (6, 4 ) = (x, y) = (6 cos 4 , 6 sin 4 ) = (3√2, 3√2)
2 2
Equation of circle: (x − 3√2) + (y − 3√2) = 52 ∴ x 2 + y 2 − 6√2x − 6√2y + 11 = 0

02. (a) Determine the center of the circle r − 2 cos θ + 4 sin θ = 0. [SB’23]
Solution
(a) Similar to (a) of question no. 03, T-02. Ans: 𝐂(𝟏, −𝟐)

03. (a) Determine the center of the circle r = cos θ − sin θ. [JB’23]
Solution
(a) Given that, r = cos θ − sin θ ⇒ r 2 = rcos θ − r sin θ ⇒ x 2 + y 2 = x − y ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − x + y = 0 is the
1 1
circle of equation. ∴ Required center of circle (2 , − 2)

04. (a) Determine the polar equation of the circle x 2 + y 2 = 121. [Ctg.B’22]
Solution
(a) x 2 + y 2 = 121 ⇒ r 2 cos 2 θ + r 2 sin2 θ = 121 ⇒ r 2 = 121 ⇒ r = 11

05. (a) Express r(1 + cos θ) = 2 in Cartesian form. [RB’22]

Solution
(a) Cartesian coordinates, x = r cos θ and y = r sin θ
r 2 = x 2 + y 2 ∴ r = √x 2 + y 2
Now, r(1 + cos θ) = 2 ⇒ r + r cos θ = 2 ⇒ √x 2 + y 2 + x = 2
⇒ √x 2 + y 2 = (2 − x) ⇒ x 2 + y 2 = (2 − x)2 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 22 − 2.2. x + x 2
⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 4 − 4x + x 2 ⇒ y 2 = 4 − 4x ∴ y 2 + 4x − 4 = 0

06. (a) Transform to Cartesian form: r = b sin 2θ [BB’22]

Solution
x
(a) We know, x = r cos θ ∴ cos θ = r
y
y = r sin θ ∴ sin θ = r
x2 + y2 = r2
x y
Now, r = b sin 2θ = 2b sin θ cos θ ⇒ r = 2b ⋅ r ⋅ r ⇒ r 3 = 2bxy ⇒ r 6 = 4b2 x 2 y 2
⇒ (r 2 )3 = 4b2 x 2 y2 ∴ (x 2 + y 2 )3 = 4b2 x 2 y 2
This is the required cartesian form.

4
07. (a) Determine the cartesian co-ordinates of the center of the circle r = 4 cos θ. [Din.B’22]
Solution
(a) Given, r = 4 cosθ … … … (i)
x
r = √x 2 + y 2 ; cos θ =
r
x
From (i), r = 4 ⇒ r 2 = 4x ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 4x = 0
r
∴ Cartesian coordinates of the center is (2, 0)

08. (a) Determine the co-ordinates of center of the circle r = 4 sin θ. [MB’22]
Solution
(a) Given that, r = 4 sin θ … … … (i)
y y
We know, r = √x 2 + y 2 ; y = r sin θ ⇒ sin θ = =
r √x2 +y2
y
Putting the values of r and sin θ in (i), we get, √x 2 + y 2 = 4 ×
√x2 +y2

⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 4y ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 4y = 0
4
∴ Coordinates of the center is, (0, − ) ∴ (0, −2)
2

09. (a) Express the circle x 2 + y 2 − 3x = 0 in polar equation. [CB’19]

Solution
(a) x 2 + y 2 − 3x = 0 ⇒ r 2 = 3x ⇒ r 2 = 3. rcosθ ∴ r = 3cosθ (Ans.)

T-03: Equation of a circle from the center and any other point on it

01. P(1, 2), Q(2, 3) are two points and x 2 + y 2 − 6x − 4y + 1 = 0 is the equation of a circle. [MB’23]
(b) Determine the equation of such circle with center P which passes through the center of the given circle.
Solution
(b) Equation of the given circle: x 2 + y 2 − 6x − 4y + 1 = 0
⇒ (x 2 − 2. x. 3 + 32 ) + (y 2 − 2. y. 2 + 22 ) = −1 + 32 + 22
2
⇒ (x − 3)2 + (y − 2)2 = 12 ⇒ (x − 3)2 + (y − 2)2 = (2√3)
∴ Center (3, 2) and radius 2√3
Equation of the circle with center P(1, 2) :
(x − 1)2 + (y − 2)2 = r 2 … … … (i)
Which passes through the center (3, 2) of the given circle
That is, (3 − 1)2 + (2 − 2)2 = r 2 = 22 = 4
Now from (i) we get, (x − 1)2 + (y − 2)2 = 4
That is, x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 4y + 1 = 0; which is the equation of the given circle. (Ans.)

5
02. (a) Circle having center (1, 3) touches y-axis. Determine the equation of the circle. [JB’22]
Solution
(a) Given, center of the circle is at (1,3).
The circle touches the y axis,
∴ Radius, r = |h| = 1
∴ Equation of the circle is: (x − 1)2 + (y − 3)2 = 12
⇒ x 2 + 1 − 2x + y 2 + 9 − 6y − 1 = 0
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 6y + 9 = 0
∴ Equation of the circle is: x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 6y + 9 = 0
03. Three points are A(a, −1), B(0, −2) and C(−2, −4). [SB’17]
(c) If area of ABC =1, determine the equation of circle having center C and passing through A.
Solution
a −1 1 a +1 0
1 1 1
(c) 2
|0 −2 1| = 1 ∴ 2 | 2 +2 0| = 1 ⇒ 2 (2a − 2) = 1 ⇒ 2a − 2 = 2
−2 −4 1 −2 −4 1
∴ a−1 = 1 ∴ a = 2
∴ A ≡ (2,0), Centre C ≡ (−2, −4) ∴ g = 2, f = 4
∴ r = √(2 + 2)2 + (0 + 4)2 = 4√2
2
∴ c = (2)2 + 42 − (4√2) = −12 ∴ x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 8y − 12 = 0 (𝐀𝐧𝐬. )

T-04: Equation of a circle touching the axes

01. Scenario-01: x = 0, y = 0 & x = 10 are equations of three straight lines. [JB’23]

(b) Determine the equation of circle passing through the three straight lines mentioned in scenario-01.
Solution
(b) Notice that, x = 0 & x = 10 are two parallel straight lines. Distance between them is 10 unit.
∴ Diameter of the circle = 10 units ⇒ Radius of the circle = 5 units

Let, equation of circle, x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0

Since, the circle touches x-axis, so, √g 2 − c = 0 ⇒ g 2 − c = 0 ⇒ c = g 2 … … … (i)
Similarly, if the circle touches y-axis, then, c = f 2 … … … (ii)
Radius of the circle, √g 2 + f 2 − c = 5 ⇒ g 2 + f 2 − c = 25 ⇒ c + c − c = 25 ∴ c = 25
From equation (i), g = ±√c = ±√25 = ±5
From equation (ii), f = ±√c = ±5
But since, the center of the circle lies between x = 0 & x = 10, then g will be always negative. ∴ g = −5
∴ Equation of the required circle, x 2 + y 2 − 10x ± 10y + 25 = 0

6
02. P(1, 2), Q(2, 3) are two points and x 2 + y 2 − 6x − 4y + 1 = 0 is the equation of a circle. [MB’23]
(c) Determine the equation of such circle which passes through the points P and Q and touches the y-axis.
Solution
(c) Let, equation of the circle: x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 … … … (i)
∵ The circle touches y-axis, so 2√f 2 − c = 0 ⇒ c = f 2 … … … (ii)
The circle no. (i) passes through P(1, 2).
That is, 1 + 4 + 2g + 4f + c = 0 … … … (iii)
Again, it passes through the point Q(2, 3).
That is, 4 + 9 + 4g + 6f + c = 0 … … … (iv)
By applying (iv) − (iii) we get, 8 + 2g + 2f = 0
⇒ g + f + 4 = 0 ⇒ g = −f − 4 … … … (v)
Putting (ii) and (v) in (iii) we get, 5 + 2(−f − 4) + 4f + f 2 = 0
⇒ f 2 + 2f − 3 = 0 ⇒ (f + 3)(f − 1) = 0
∴ f = 1, −3
From (ii) and (v) we get
when, f = 1; g = −1 − 4 = −5 and c = 12 = 1
when, f = −3; g = −3 − 4 = −7 and c = (−3)2 = 9
∴ Equation of the circles from (i):
x 2 + y 2 − 10x + 2y + 1 = 0
}
x 2 + y 2 − 14x − 6y + 9 = 0
But the second circle does not pass through P(1, 2) and Q(2, 3).
∴ The circle is x 2 + y 2 − 10x + 2y + 1 = 0 (Ans.)

03. (a) Co-ordinates of the center of a circle is (2, −4), if it touches the x-axis, then determine the equation of
the circle. [BB’22]
Solution
(a) Centre of the circle is (2, −4)
The circle touches the x-axis.
∴ Radius of the circle, |ordinate of the centre| = |−4| = 4
∴ Equation of the circle: (x − h)2 + (y − k)2 = r 2 ⇒ (x − 2)2 + (y + 4)2 = 42
⇒ x 2 − 2x + 4 + y 2 + 8y + 16 = 16 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 2x + 8y + 4 = 0

04. [SB’22]

(b) Determine the equation of the circle according to the stem.

7
 Solution
(b)

Let equation of the circle be, x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 … … … (i)

Since the circle touches x-axis, so g 2 = c
∴ (i) ⇒ x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + g 2 = 0 … … … (ii)
The circle passes through the A(1, 2). ∴ (ii) ⇒ 12 + 22 + 2g + 4f + g 2 = 0
∴ 2g + 4f + g 2 = −5 … … … (iii)
The circle passes through the B(3, 2). ∴ (ii) ⇒ 32 + 22 + 6g + 4f + g 2 = 0
∴ 6g + 4f + g 2 = −13 … … … (iv)
(iv) − (iii) implies, 6g + 4f + g 2 − 2g − 4f − g 2 = −13 + 5 ⇒ 4g = −8 ∴ g = −2
5
Again, (iii) ⇒ −4 + 4f + 4 = −5 ∴ f = − 4 Again, c = g 2 = (−2)2 = 4
10
∴ Equation of the circle is: x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 4
y+ 4=0
∴ 2x 2 + 2y 2 − 8x − 5y + 8 = 0

05. [RB’22]

(c) If the circle passes through the points A, B and touches x-axis, determine its equation.
Solution
(c) The general equation of circle is, x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 … … … (i)
The circle passes through the point A(1,2)
(i) ⇒ 12 + 22 + 2g. 1 + 2f. 2 + c = 0 ⇒ 5 + 2g + 4f + c = 0 … … … (ii)
The circle also passes through B(3,2)
(ii) ⇒ 32 + 22 + 2g. 3 + 2f. 2 + c = 0
∴ 13 + 6g + 4f + c = 0 … … … (iii)
The circle touches x axis. ∴ 2√g 2 − c = 0 ⇒ √g 2 − c = 0 ⇒ g 2 − c = 0 ∴ g 2 = c … … … (iv)
Now, (iii) − (ii) ⇒ (13 + 6g + 4f + c) − (5 + 2g + 4f + c) = 0
8
⇒ 13 + 6g − 5 − 2g = 0 ⇒ 8 + 4g = 0 ⇒ 4g = −8 ⇒ g = − ∴ g = −2
4
and (iv) ⇒ g 2 = c ⇒ (−2)2 = c ∴ c = 4
Again,(ii) ⇒ 5 + 2g + 4f + c = 0 ⇒ 5 + 2(−2) + 4f + 4 = 0 ⇒ 5 − 4 + 4f + 4 = 0
5
⇒ 4f = −5 ⇒ f = − 4
Putting the values of g, f and c in equation (i),
5
x 2 + y 2 + 2. (−2)x + 2 (− 4) y + 4 = 0 ∴ 4x 2 + 4y 2 − 16x − 10y + 16 = 0

8
06. Equations of three lines is x = 0, y = 0, x = a. [MB’22]
(c) Determine equation of such a circle that touches all the three lines mentioned in the stem.
Solution
(c) From the figure we get,
a
x = 0, y = 0 and x = a touching circle will have a radius, r = 2
a a
Coordinates of center of the two circles will be, c (2 , ± 2)
a 2 a 2 a 2
∴ Equations of the circles are, (x − 2) + (y ± 2) = (2)
a 2 a a 2 a a2
⇒ x 2 + (2) − 2x × 2 + y 2 + (2) ± 2y 2 = 4
a2 a2 a2 a2
⇒ x2 + 4
− xa + y 2 + 4
± ya = 4
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − xa ± ya + 4
=0
a2
∴ Required equation of the circle is: x 2 + y 2 − xa + ya +4 =0
a2
Or, x 2 + y 2 − xa − ya + =0
4

07. (a) If the circle x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 6y + c = 0 touches x-axis, then determine the value of c. [MB’22]
Solution
2 2
(a) Given that, x + y − 4x − 6y + c = 0 ; The circle touches x-axis.
2√g 2 − c = 0 ⇒ g 2 − c = 0 ⇒ g 2 = c ⇒ c = (−2)2 ⇒ c = 4 ∴ c = 4
08. Scenario-2: y = 2, y = 10 and x = 0 are equations of 3 straight lines. [Din.B’19]
(c) Determine equation of circle that touches the 3 straight lines mentioned in scenario-2.
Solution
(c)
x=0
y = 10
r
r r
y=2

10−2
Diameter of circle = 2
= 4 units
∴ Coordinates of center(4, 2 + 4) ≡ (4, 6)
∴ Equation of circle: (x − 4)2 + (y − 6)2 = 42 ⇒ (x − 4)2 + (y − 6)2 = 16 (𝐀𝐧𝐬. )
09. x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 4y − 4 = 0 … . . (i) [JB’19]
(b) Determine the equation of a circle which passes through (3, 2) and center of the given circle touching
x-axis.
Solution
2 2 2
(b) Let, the circle, x + y + 2gx + 2fy + g = 0 [∵it touches x axis]
(3,2) ⇒ 6g + 4f + g 2 = −13 … … … (i)
centre (1, 2) ⇒ 2g + 4f + g 2 = −5 … … … (ii)
(i) − (ii) ⇒ 4g = −8 ∴ g = −2
−13−g2 +12 5 5
∴f= 4
= − 4 ∴ x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 2 y + 4 = 0
2 2
∴ 2x + 2y − 8x − 5y + 8 = 0 (𝐀𝐧𝐬. )

9
 T-05: Length of the x and y axis intercepts

01. [SB’23]

(b) Determine the equation of a circle which touches the Y-axis at the point B and cuts of a chord equal to
AB from X-axis.
Solution
(b) Similar to (b) of question no. 03, T-05

02. [BB’23]

(b) If co-ordinates of A and B are respectively (1, 0) and (9, 0) then find the equation of the circle having
center C.
Solution

(b)

1+9
Co-ordinate of E ( 2
, 0) ⇒ (5, 0)
Thus, center C(5,3) and radius 5 so the equation of the circle (x − 5)2 + (y − 3)2 = 52
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 10x − 6y + 9 = 0 (Ans.)

03. Scenario-I: [CB’23]

(b) Determine the equation of circle in scenario-I.

10
 Solution
(b) The circle touches y-axis at the point (0, −4). ∴ Center (−g, −4) ∴ f = 4 & f 2 = c ∴ c = 16
Again, according to the question 2√g 2 − c = 6 ⇒ g 2 − c = 32 ⇒ g 2 = 9 + 16 ∴ g = ±5
Since, the center lies in the 4th quadrant in the figure,
∴ g = −5 ∴ Equation of the circle ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 10x + 8y + 16 = 0

04. Scenario-1: g(x, y) = x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 8y + 9. [DB’22]

(a) Determine the intercepted length of the y-axis by the circle g(x, y) = 0
Solution
(a) g(x, y) = 0 thus, x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 8y + 9 = 0 … … … (i)
Comparing (i) with the standard equation of circle, a = 1, b = 1, c = 9
6 8
∴ g = − 2 = −3 and f = 2 = 4
∴Intercepted length of y -axis = 2√f 2 − c = 2√42 − 9 = 2√7 (Ans.)

05. (a) Determine the intercepted length of y-axis by the circle 2x 2 + 2y 2 + 4x + 6y + 1 = 0 [SB’22]
Solution
1
(a) 2x 2 + 2y 2 + 4x + 6y + 1 = 0 ∴ x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 3y + 2 = 0
2 3 1
Comparing it with the standard equation of circle, g = 2 = 1, f = 2, c = 2
3 2 1
∴ Intercepted length of y axis = 2√f 2 − c = 2√(2) − 2 = 2√7 (Ans.)

06. [CB’22]

(c) Determine the equation of the circle with chord AB.

Solution
(c) From the figure e get,
Centre, O = (h, 6) radius, r = √62 + 82 = 10
Equation of the circle with center at O is, (x − h)2 + (y − 6)2 = 102 … … … (i)
The circle passes through the point (0, 6) .
∴ (0 − h)2 + (6 − 6)2 = 102 ⇒ h2 = 100 ⇒ h = 10 [ O first quadrant]
∴ (i) ⇒ (x − 10)2 + (y − 6)2 = 102
Value of y at ‘X’ axis is, (x − 10)2 + (−6)2 = 102
⇒ x 2 + 100 − 20x + 36 = 100
⇒ x 2 − 20x + 36 = 0 ⇒ x 2 − 18x − 2x + 36 = 0 ⇒ x(x − 18) − 2(x − 18) = 0

11
 ⇒ (x − 2)(x − 18) = 0
x = 2, 18 ∴ coordinates of point A (2, 0), Coordinates of point B (18, 0)
2+18
midpoint of AB is, C = ( 2
, 0) = (10, 0)

∴ equations of the circle with chord AB is, (x − 10)2 + (y − 0)2 = 82

⇒ x 2 − 20x + 100 + y 2 = 64 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 20x + 36 = 0
∴ Required equation of the circle is, x 2 + y 2 − 20x + 36 = 0
Hence, they have no common chord. As a result, no circle can be drawn.

07. Scenario-2: [BB’22]

(c) Determine the equation of the circle in the scenario-2.

Solution
(c) Scenario-2:

Here, −g is positive and −f is negative

Let equation of the circle be, x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = … … … (i)
The circle touches y axis. ∴ f 2 = c
Again, the circle passes through the point (0, −2)
∴ (i) ⇒ 02 + (−2)2 + 2g ⋅ 0 + 2f(−2) + c = 0 ⇒ 4 − 4f + c = 0 ⇒ 4 − 4f + f 2 = 0
⇒ 4 − 4f + f 2 = 0 ⇒ (f − 2)2 = 0 ∴ f = 2 ∴ c = f 2 = 22 = 4
Again, the intercepted length of x axis by the circle is,
2√g 2 − c = 6 ⇒ √g 2 − c = 3 ⇒ √g 2 − 4 = 3 ⇒ g 2 = 9 + 4 ∴= ±√13
But as the center of the circle (−g, −f) is in the 4th quadrant, the value of −g is positive. So, g is negative.∴
g = −√13
Putting the values of g, f, c in (i),
x 2 + y 2 − 2√13x + 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ y + 4 = 0
∴ x 2 + y 2 − 2√13 ⋅ x + 4y + 4 = 0 (𝐀𝐧𝐬. )

12
08. Scenario-2: A circle having center (1,2) touches the x-axis. [MB’22]
(c) Determine the equation of the circle from the scenario-2. Also determine the intercepted length of y-
axis by the circle.
Solution
(c) Scenario-2: Centre = (1, 2) and the circle touches x-axis.
Therefore, radius = |k| = |2| = 2
∴ Equation of the circle is, (x − 1)2 + (y − 2)2 = 22
⇒ x 2 + 12 − 2x + y 2 + 4 − 4y = 4 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 4y + 1 = 0
∴ Intercepted length of y-axis, d = 2√f 2 − c = 2√(−2)2 − 1 = 2√4 − 1 = 2√3
∴ Intercepted length of y-axis is 2√3

09. g(x, y) = x 2 + y 2 + 6x − 6y − 31 [DB’19]

(a) Determine the intercepted length on the x-axis made by the circle g(x, y) = 0
Solution
(a) g(x, y) = x 2 + y 2 + 6x − 6y − 31 = 0 … … … … … … (i)
Comparing (i) with x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 ; we get, g = 3, c = −31
∴ The intercept made on the x axis = 2√g 2 − c = 2√32 + 31 = 2√40 = 4√10 (Ans.)

10. [Ctg.B’19]
Y
P(1, 3)
N(2, 0)
X´ O (0,0) X
A

C (2, -3)
B
Y´
(c) Determine the co-ordinates of points A and B.
Solution
(c) The circle with center C(2, −3) and radius NC intersects y-axis at points A and B.
∴ Radius, NC = √(2 − 2)2 + (−3 − 0)2 ; NC = 3
∴ Equation of the circle is (x − 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 32
∴ In the y-axis, x = 0 ⇒ (0 − 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 9
⇒ (y + 3)2 = 5 ⇒ y + 3 = ±√5 ⇒ y = −3 ± √5
∴ Coordinates of A are (0, −3 + √5)
and those of B are(0, −3 − √5). (Ans.)

13
 T-06: Equation of a circle from the end points of a diameter

01. Scenario-2: (5, 3) and (−5, 7) are the end points of the diameter of a circle. [DB’22]
(c) Determine the equation of the circle according to the scenario-2.
Solution
(c) From scenario-2, (5, 3) and (−5, 7) are the terminal points of diameter of a circle.
∴ Equation of the circle is, (x − x1 )(x − x2 ) + (y − y1 )(y − y2 ) = 0
⇒ (x − 5)(x + 5) + (y − 3)(y − 7) = 0
⇒ x 2 − 25 + y 2 − 10y + 21 = 0
∴ x 2 + y 2 − 10y − 4 = 0 … … … (i)
f(x, y) = 0 ⇒ 3x − 4y − 5 = 0 … … … (ii)
Now equation of the circle passing through the intersecting point of circle no. (i) and line no. (ii) is
(x 2 + y 2 − 10y − 4) + k(3x − 4y − 5) = 0 … … … (iii)
Circle no (ii) passes through the origin. ∴ (0 + 0 − 0 − 4) + k(0 − 0 − 5) = 0
4
⇒ −4 − 5k = 0 ∴ k = − 5
4
∴ (iii) ⇒ (x 2 + y 2 − 10y − 4) − (3x − 4y − 5) = 0 ⇒ 5x 2 + 5y 2 − 50y − 20 − 4(3x − 4y − 5) = 0
5
⇒ 5x 2 + 5y 2 − 50y − 20 − 12x + 16y + 20 = 0 ∴ 5x 2 + 5y 2 − 12x − 34y = 0

02. [Ctg.B’22]

(b) Determine the intercepted length of the axes by the circle drawn considering the connecting line of the
points P and Q as diameter.
Solution
(b) P(2, 1) and Q(−6, 5) ; (x − 2)(x + 6) + (y − 1)(y − 5) = 0 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 + 4x − 6y − 12 + 5 = 0
⇒ x 2 + y 2 + 4x − 6y − 7 = 0
Intercepted length by x-axis = 2√g 2 − c = 2√4 + 7 = 2√11
Intercepted length by y-axis = 2√f 2 − c = 2√9 + 7 = 2 × 4 = 8

03. [RB’19]
Y
f(x)
(-1, 5)A C
O X
B(6,-2)

(b) Determine the intercept of x-axis by the circle having center at C according to the stem.

14
 Solution
(b) Diameter of circle with center at C is AB. A(−1,5), B(6, −2)
∴ Equation of the circle: (x + 1 ) (x − 6) + (y − 5) (y + 2) = 0
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 5x − 3y − 16 = 0 ⋯ ⋯ (i)
Comparing (i) with x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0,
2g=−5 2f=−3
5 3
we get, g = −2 ⇒ f = −2 , c = −16

5 2
Length of intercept of x axis = 2√g 2 − c = 2√(− 2) + 16 = √89 unit (Ans.)

T-07: Equation of a circle with center at origin and touching both x and y axis

01. [BB’19]
Y
B
C OA = 3 units and OB = 5 units.

O A X

(b) Determine the equation of the circle shown in the figure.

Solution
(b) Let the equation of the circle be x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
Since the circle passes through the origin, ∴ c = 0
9 3
Now, 2√g 2 − c = 3 ⇒ g 2 = 4 ∴ g = − 2 [∵ Center is in the 1st quadrant]
25 5
Again, 2√f 2 − c = 5 ⇒ f 2 = 4
∴ f = −2
∴ Equation of the circle is x 2 + y 2 − 3x − 5y = 0(𝐀𝐧𝐬. )

02. [Din.B’17]
Y
C
F

B
(3,
3)
E

O (0,0) A D X

(b) If OA = 4 and OB = 3, then determine the equation of the circle in the figure.
(c) If AB||CD, determine the equation of the circle considering the connecting line of the points F and D
are diameter.

15
 Solution
x y
(b) AB has equation, 4 + 3 = 1 ∴ 3x + 4y = 12
Perpendicular distance of 3x + 4y − 12 = 0
3×3+4×3−12 9+12−12 9
from the point (3, 3) = radius of the circle = | |=| | =5
√32 +42 5
9 2
∴ Equation of circle = (x − 3)2 + (y − 3)2 = (5) (𝐀𝐧𝐬. )
c+12 9 c+12 9
(c) Let, CD ≡ 3x + 4y + c = 0 ∴ = ±2 × ⇒ = ±2 ×
√32 +4 2 5 5 5
∴ c + 12 = ±18 ∴ c = 6, −30.
∵ OD & OC(+ve) ∴ c = −30.
∴ 3x + 4y = 30 … … . (i) ∴ D ≡ (10, 0)
Now, 3x + 4y = 12 has a perpendicular line that passes through (3, 3) is
102 111
4x − 3y − 3 = 0 and point of intersection (i) is F ∴ F ≡ ( 25 , 25
)
102 111
∴ Required circle is(x − 10) (x − 25
)+ y (y − 25
) = 0 (Ans.)

T-08: Equation of a circle from three points

01. [RB’19]
Y
f(x)
(-1, 5)A C
O X
B(6,-2)
(b) Determine the intercept of x-axis by the circle having center at C in the stem.
Solution
(b) Diameter of circle with center at C is AB. A(−1,5), B(6, −2)
∴ Equation of the circle: (x + 1 ) (x − 6) + (y − 5) (y + 2) = 0
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 5x − 3y − 16 = 0 ⋯ ⋯ (i)
Comparing (i) with x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, we get,
2g=−5 2f=−3
5 3
g= −2 ⇒ f = −2 , c = −16

5 2
Length of intercept of x axis = 2√g 2 − c = 2√(− 2) + 16 = √89 unit (Ans.)

02. [RB, Ctg.B, BB, CB’18]

(b) Determine the equation of the circle given in the figure.

Solution
(b) Try yourself

16
03. [JB’17]

(b) Determine the equation of a circle that passes through C, E and F.

Solution
(b) Here, CE = k = r ∴ (x − 4)2 + (y − k)2 = k 2
8 4 8 2 4 2
∴ (5 , 5) is the centre ∴ (5 − 4) + (5 − k) = k 2
144 16 8 144+16 8
⇒ 25
+ 25 − 5 k + k2 = k2 ⇒ 25
= 5 k; ∴ k = 4
∴ E ≡ (4,0); and F ≡ (0,4)
Let, the equation x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 and it passes through (4,4), (4,0), (0,4)
∴ 8g + 8f + c = −32 ; 8f + c = −16
8g + c = −16 ∴ g = −2, f = −2, c = 0
∴ x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 4y = 0 (𝐀𝐧𝐬. )

T-09: Equation of a circle whose center lies on various straight lines

01. [DB’23]

(b) Determine the equation of a circle whose center is on X-axis and passes through the center of the given
circle and origin.
Solution
(b) Since the circle passes through origin, c = 0. Again, center is on X-axis. Let, center ≡ (−g, 0)
That is, −f = 0 ⇒ f = 0
∴ Equation of the circle ⇒ x 2 + y 2 + 2gx = 0.
Now putting the point (2, 3) in the circle, (2)2 + (3)2 + 2g × 2 = 0
−13 13
⇒g= ∴ Equation ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 2 × x = 0 ⇒ 2x 2 + 2y 2 − 13x = 0
4 4

17
02. [SB’19]
Y
=0
12 B
-4 y+
X´ 3x
A O X
Y´
(c) Determine the equation of a circle whose centre is on the line AB and which passes through the origin
and the centre of circle x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 8y − 5 = 0
Solution
(c) Given, centre of the circle be (2,4)
The equation of circle passing through origin: x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy = 0 … … … (i)
If the circle (i) passes through the point (2, 4), 4 + 16 + 4g + 8f = 0 ∴ 4g + 8f = −20 … . … (ii)
The centre of (i) be (−g, −f), if is situated on the line 3x − 4y + 12 = 0
Then, 3(−g) − 4(−f) + 12 = 0 ∴ 3g − 4f = 12 … . . . (iii)
2 27
Solving (ii) and (iii) we get; g = , f = −
5 10
4 27
The circle be; x 2 + y 2 + x − y = 0 ∴ 5x 2 + 5y 2 + 4x − 27y = 0 (𝐀𝐧𝐬. )
5 5

03. Scenario-I: x 2 + y 2 + 3x − 5y + 6 = 0
x + 2y + 1 = 0 [BB’17]
(b) Determine the equation of circle whose centre lies on the line in scenario-I & passes through the origin
& circle in scenario-I.
Solution
(b) Eqn. of the given circle, x 2 + y 2 + 3x − 5y + 6 = 0
3 −5
⇒ x 2 + y 2 + 2. (2) x + 2. ( 2 ) y + 6 = 0
3 −5 3 5
here, g = 2 , f = ∴ centre ≡ (− 2 , 2)
2
let, eqn. of the required circle, x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 .......................(i)
circle (i) passes through (0, 0)
∴ Putting the values we get, 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + c = 0 ∴ c = 0
3 5
again, circle (i) passes through (− 2 , 2)
3 2 5 2 3 5
∴ Putting the values we get, (− 2) + (2) + 2g (− 2) + 2f (2) + c = 0
9 25
⇒4+ 4
− 3g + 5f + 0 = 0 [∵ c = 0]
9+25−12g+20f
⇒ 9
= 0 ⇒ 34 − 12g + 20f = 0
⇒ 17 − 6g + 10f = 0 … … … … (ii)
Again, Centre of circle (i) = (−g, −f) which lies on the line x + 2y + 1 = 1
∴ Putting the values we get, −g − 2f + 1 = 0 ⇒ g = 1 − 2f … … … … … (ii)
Putting the value of g in (iii), 17 − 6(1 − 2f) + 10f = 0

18
 −1
⇒ 17 − 6 + 12f + 10f = 0 ⇒ 22f = −11 ∴ f = 2
1
Putting the value of f in (ii), g = 1 − 2 (− 2) = 1 + 1 = 2
1
Now, putting the value of g, f & c in (i), x 2 + y 2 + 2.2x + 2 (− 2) y + 0 = 0
⇒ x 2 + y 2 + 4x − y = 0 (Ans.)

04. The front wheel of a rickshaw is defined by x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 1 = 0. [CB’17]

(c) Determine the equation of a circle such that its center lies on the x-axis and it passes through the center
of the wheel and (3, 0) point.
Solution
(c) The center of the wheel is ≡ (1, 0) [Question no. 04 (b), of T-12]
and the other point is ≡ (3, 0)
Let the equation of the circle be, x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 … … … (i)
Center ≡ (−g, −f)
The center lies on the x-axis. ∴ −f = 0 ⇒ f = 0
Again, the circle goes through (1, 0)and (3, 0).
∴ Solving we get, 12 + 02 + 2g. 1 + 2f. 0 + c = 0 ⇒ 1 + 2g + c = 0 … … … … (ii)
Also 32 + 02 + 2. g. 3 + 2. f. 0 + c = 0
⇒ 9 + 6g + c = 0 … … (iii)
(iii) − (ii) we get, (9 + 6g + c) − (1 + 2g + c) = 0
⇒ 8 + 4g = 0 ⇒ 4g = −8 ∴ g = −2
Putting the value of g in (2)
we get, (1 + 2(−2) + c = 0 ⇒ c = 3
Putting the value of g, c, and f in (1)
we get, x 2 + y 2 + 2(−2)x + 2.0. y + 3 = 0
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 4x + 3 = 0 is the required equation. (Ans.)

T-10: Circles with triangle and square

01. Scenario-1: One vertex of a square with side length 6√2 is at the origin and the opposite vertex is on y-axis.
[Din.B’19]
(b) Determine the equation of circle considering the diagonal of the square in the scenario -1 as diameter.
Solution
(b) Side length 6√2 ; diagonal = 12 unit
∴ The points are (0, ±12), (0,0)
∴ (x − 0)(x − 0) + (y − 0)(y ± 12) = 0 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 ± 12y = 0 (Ans.)

19
 T-11: Equation of a circle passing through the intersection of a circle and a straight line

01. Scenario-1: x 2 + y 2 − 6x = 0 … … … (i)

x − 4 = 0 … … … (ii) [Din.B’23]
(b) Determine the equation of circle according to scenario-1 whose center is (7, 0) and passes through the
intersection points of circle (i) and straight line (ii).
Solution
(b)
In scenario-1, x 2 + y 2 − 6x = 0 … … … (i)
and x − 4 = 0 … … … (ii)
From (ii), x = 4 putting this in (i)
we get, 42 + y 2 − 6 × 4 = 0
y 2 = 24 − 16 ∴ y = ±2√2
Intersection points of circle (i) and line (ii) are
(4, 2√2) and (4, −2√2). Now, radius of circle with
center (7,0) and passing through (4, 2√2) is
2
r = √(7 − 4)2 + (0 − 2√2) = √8 + 9 = √17
2
Equation of the circle: (x − 7)2 + y 2 = (√17)
∴ (x − 7)2 + y 2 = 17
We will get the same circle for (7, 0) and
(4, −2√2).

02. Scenario-1: f(x, y) = 3x − 4y − 5 [DB’22]

Scenario-2: (5, 3) and (−5, 7) are the end points of the diameter of a circle.
(c) Determine the equation of the circle according to the scenario-2. Also determine the equation of the circle
that passes through the origin and the intersecting point of the determined circle and line f(x, y) = 0.
Solution
(c) From scenario-2, (5, 3) and (−5, 7) are the terminal points of diameter of a circle.
∴ Equation of the circle is, (x − x1 )(x − x2 ) + (y − y1 )(y − y2 ) = 0
⇒ (x − 5)(x + 5) + (y − 3)(y − 7) = 0
⇒ x 2 − 25 + y 2 − 10y + 21 = 0
∴ x 2 + y 2 − 10y − 4 = 0 … … … (i)
f(x, y) = 0 ⇒ 3x − 4y − 5 = 0 … … … . (ii)
Now equation of the circle passing through the intersecting point of circle no. (i) and line no. (ii) is
(x 2 + y 2 − 10y − 4) + k(3x − 4y − 5) = 0 … … … (iii)
Circle no (ii) passes through the origin. ∴ (0 + 0 − 0 − 4) + k(0 − 0 − 5) = 0
4
⇒ −4 − 5k = 0 ∴ k = − 5
4
∴ (iii) ⇒ (x 2 + y 2 − 10y − 4) − 5 (3x − 4y − 5) = 0 ⇒ 5x 2 + 5y 2 − 50y − 20 − 4(3x − 4y − 5) = 0
⇒ 5x 2 + 5y 2 − 50y − 20 − 12x + 16y + 20 = 0 ∴ 5x 2 + 5y 2 − 12x − 34y = 0

20
 T-12: Conditions of touching a circle by a straight line

01. [DB’23]

(c) Determine the equation of tangent OC.

Solution
(c) Center of the given circle is (2, 3) and it touches X-axis. ∴ Radius = |3| = 3 units.
Again let, equation of tangent, y = mx + c
Since it passes through (0, 0), c = 0
∴ The tangent is, y = mx ⇒ mx − y = 0 … … … (i)
|2m−3|
According to the condition of tangent, = 3 ⇒ (2m − 3)2 = 9(m2 + 1) [squaring]
√m2 +1
−12
⇒ 4m2 − 12m + 9 = 9m2 + 9 ⇒ 5m + 12m = 0 ⇒ m(5m + 12) = 0 ∴ m = 0,
2
5
If m = 0 then we get the straight line y = 0 (X-axis) which doesn’t indicate the straight line OC.
−12 −12
∴ By putting m = 5
in equation (i) we get ⇒ 5
x− y = 0 ⇒ −12x − 5y = 0 ∴ 12x + 5y = 0

02. Scenario-1: f(x, y) = 3x − 4y − 5 and g(x, y) = x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 8y + 9. [DB’22]

(b) Show that the straight line f(x, y) = 0 of scenario-1 is a tangent of the circle g(x, y) = 0.
Solution
(b) x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 8y + 9 = 0
Centre of the circle, (3, −4) and radius, r = √g 2 + f 2 − c = √(−3)2 + 42 − 9 = √9 + 16 − 9
r = 4 unit. Now from the center (3, −4), perpendicular distance of the line f(x, y) = 0 or 3x − 4y − 5 = 0.
3.3−4(−4)−5 9+16−5 20
d=| |=| | = | 5 | = 4 unit; Here, d = r ∴ f(x. y) = 0 is a tangent of the circle g(x, y) = 0.
√32 +(−4)2 √25

03. Scenario: x 2 + y 2 − 10x − 16y + 64 = 0 is a circle & 4x + 3y + 8 = 0 is a line. [Ctg.B’17]

(b) Show that, the circle in the stem touches the line 3x − 4y − 8 = 0 & determine the co-ordinates of the
point of contact.
Solution
(b) Given that, x 2 + y 2 − 10x − 16y + 64 = 0 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 2 ⋅ 5 ⋅ x − 2 ⋅ (8) ⋅ y + 64 = 0
∴ Centre = (5, 8) ; Radius = √25 + 64 − 64 = 5
|3×5−4×8−8| |15−32−8|
Perpendicular distance of the centre (5, 8) from the line = =
√32 +4 2 5
|−25|
= = 5, which is equal to the radius.
5
∴ Circle in the scenario touches the line 3x − 4y − 8 = 0 (Showed)
Now, equation of the perpendicular on the line 3x − 4y − 8 = 0,
4x + 3y + k = 0, which passes through (5, 8).
4 × 5 + 3 × 8 + k = 0 ⇒ 20 + 24 + k = 0 ⇒ k = −44 ∴ 4x + 3y − 44 = 0 … … … (ii)

21
 (i) × 4 − (ii) × 3
12x − 16y − 32 = 0
12x + 9y − 132 = 0
− − (+)
−25y + 100 = 0 ⇒ −25y = −100 ∴ y = 4
Putting the value of y in (i), ⇒ 3x − 4 × 4 − 8 = 0 ⇒ 3x − 16 − 8 = 0 ⇒ 3x − 24 = 0 ⇒ x = 8
Point of contact is (8, 4). (Ans.)

04. The front wheel of a rickshaw is defined by the equation x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 1 = 0. [CB’17]

(b) Prove that a tangent of the wheel is x + y + 1 = 0.
Solution
(b) The equation of the circle is, x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 1 = 0 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 + 2(−1)x + 2.0. y − 1 = 0
Here, g = −1, f = 0, c = −1
∴ center of the circle ≡ (−g, −f) ≡ (1, 0) and radius of the circle is= √g 2 + f 2 − c
= √(−1)2 + 02 − (−1) = √1 + 1 = √2
1+0+1 2
Distance of x + y + 1 = 0 from (1,0) is = | |=| | = |√2| = √2
√(12 +12 ) √(2)

As the distance is equal to the radius so it is the tangent. (Proved)

T-13: Equation of a circle from its tangent

01. [SB’23]

(c) Determine the equation of the circle.

Solution
(c) Let, equation of the circle, (x − h)2 + (y − k)2 = r 2
As it touched the x-axis and y-axis.
Therefore, h = k = r = a (Let) ∴ (x − a)2 + (y − a)2 = a2 … … … (i); Center (a, a) and radius = a
x y
Again, Equation of AB, −8 + 6 = 1 ⇒ −3x + 4y = 24 ∴ 3x − 4y + 24 = 0
As AB is the tangent. Therefore, distance between the origin and the line is equal to the radius of the circle.
3a−4a+24
| | = a ⇒ |−a + 24| = 5a ⇒ −a + 24 = ±5a
√32 +42
⇒ 6a = 24 ∴ a = 4 ⇒ −4a = 24 ∴ a = −6
But radius cannot be negative.
∴ Equation of the circle, (x − 4)2 + (y − 4)2 = 42 ⇒ x 2 − 8x + 16 + y 2 − 8y + 16 = 16
∴ x 2 + y 2 − 8x − 8y + 16 = 0 (Ans.)

22
02. Scenario: x 2 + y 2 − 10x − 16y + 64 = 0 is a circle & 4x + 3y + 8 = 0 is a line. [Ctg.B’17]
(c) Determine the equation of the circle having center (0, −1) which touches the line mentioned in the
Scenario.
Solution
(c) Equation of the circle with centre (0, −1) & radius r, (x − 0)2 + (y + 1)2 = r 2
⇒ x 2 + (y + 1)2 = r 2 … … (i)
|4×0+3×(−1)+8| |5|
perpendicular distance of the centre (0, −1) from 4x + 3y + 8 = 0 ,= = =1
√4 2 +32 5
According to condition, r = 1 ∴ Required equation, x 2 + y 2 + 2y + 1 − 1 = 0 ⇒ x 2 + y + 2y = 0 (Ans.)
2

T-14: Tangent of a circle parallel, perpendicular or any other condition with another
straight line

01. A tangent of the circle x 2 + y 2 − 2x + 2y = 2 is 3x + 4y − 9 = 0 [RB’23]

(b) Determine two tangents to the given circle which are perpendicular to the given tangent.
Solution
(b) Given that, equation of circle x 2 + y 2 − 2x + 2y = 2 … … … (i)
Tangent to the circle is 3x + 4y − 9 = 0 … … … (ii)
From equation (i) we get, radius = √12 + (−1)2 − (−2) = 2 units ; C ≡ (1, −1)
3 9
From equation (ii) we get, 3x + 4y − 9 = 0 ⇒ 4y = −3x + 9 ⇒ y = − x +
4 4
4
Equation of perpendicular, y = 3 x + k ⇒ 4x − 3y + 3k = 0
Since perpendicular distance of tangent from center is equal to the radius,
4.1−3(−1)+3k 17
∴| | = 2 ⇒ |4 + 3 + 3k| = 10 ⇒ 7 + 3k = ±10 ∴ k = 1, −
√42 +32 3
The tangents are 4x − 3y + 3 = 0 or 4x − 3y − 17 = 0

02. [BB’23]

(c) Find the point at which the line parallel to BD touches the given circle.
Solution
y−3 x−0 y−3 x
(c) Equation of line passing through B(9, 0) and D(0, 3) is, 3−0 = 0−9 ⇒ 3
= −9 ⇒ −3(y − 3) = x
⇒ −3y + 9 = x ⇒ x + 3y − 9 = 0 … … … (i)
Now let, line parallel to BD is x + 3y + k = 0; which is tangent of the circle, x 2 + y 2 − 10x − 6y + 9 = 0.
|5+3×3+k| |14+k|
∴ =r=5⇒ = 5 ⇒ |14 + k| = 5√10 ⇒ 14 + k = ±5√10
√1+32 √10
⇒ k = −14 ± 5√10 ∴ Equation of line, x + 3y − 14 ± 5√10 = 0 (Ans.)

23
03. x 2 + y 2 + 6x − 6y − 31 = 0 … … … (i) [JB’23]
4x + 3y + 7 = 0 … … … (ii)
(c) Determine the equation of straight line perpendicular to line (ii) and touches the circle (i).
Solution
(c) Let, equation of straight line perpendicular to (ii) and touching the circle (i) is, 3x − 4y + k = 0
Given that, equation of circle, x 2 + y 2 + 6x − 6y − 31 = 0 ∴ Center of circle (−3, 3)
|3×(−3)−4×3+k| |k−21|
Therefore, the distance of center of circle from the straight line, =
√32 +4 2 5

Again, radius of the circle = √32 + (−3)2 + 31 = 7

|k−21|
According to the question, 5
= 7 ⇒ |k − 21| = 35 ⇒ k − 21 = ±35 ⇒ k = 21 ± 35
∴ k = 56 & −14
∴ Required equation: 3x − 4y + 56 = 0 & 3x − 4y − 14 = 0 (Ans.)

04. x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 2y + 1 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 2y − 4 = 0 are the equations of two circles. [Din.B’22]

(b) Determine the equation of a tangent of the first circle mentioned in the stem that is parallel to the line
3x + 4y − 1 = 0.
Solution
(b) Given that, x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 2y + 1 = 0 … … … (l)
A tangent of the circle is parallel to the line 3x + 4y − 1 = 0.
∴ Equation of the tangent is: 3x + 4y + k = 0 ; Co-ordinates of center of the circle is (h, k) = (3, −1)
Radius of the circle is, r = √g 2 + f 2 − c = √(−3)2 + (1)2 − 1 = 3
We know that the perpendicular distance of tangent from the center equals to the radius.
|3×3+4×(−1)+k| |5+k|
∴ =3⇒ = 3 ⇒ 5 + k = ±15 ∴ k = 15 − 5 = 10 again, k = −15 − 5 = −20
√32 +4 2 5
∴ The equation of tangent: 3x + 4y + 10 = 0 and 3x + 4y − 20 = 0

05. Scenario-1: Equation of a chord of the circle x 2 + y 2 − 4x + 8y − 16 = 0 is 4x + 3y + 26 = 0. [MB’22]

(b) Determine the equations of two such tangents of the circle mentioned in scenario-1 which are
perpendicular to the given chord.
Solution
(b) Scenario-01: Given, x 2 + y 2 − 4x + 8y − 16 = 0 … … … (i)
Equation of the chord of the circle is, 4x + 3y + 26 = 0 … … … (ii)
Equation of the perpendicular line of (ii) is, 3x − 4y + k = 0 … … … (iii)
Centre of the circle is, c = (2, −4) ; radius of the circle is, r = √g 2 + f 2 − c = √(−2)2 + (4)2 − 16 = 2
Since (iii) is a tangent of the circle, so its perpendicular distance from the center will be equal to the radius.
|3×2−4(−4)+k| |6+16+k|
∴ =2⇒ = 2 ⇒ |22 + k| = 10 ⇒ 22 + k = ±10 ∴ k = 10 − 22 = −12
√32 +42 5
Or, k = −32 ∴ Equation of the two tangents is, 3x − 4y − 12 = 0
3x − 4y − 32 = 0

24
06. f(x, y) = x 2 + y 2 − 10x + 6y + 25 [DB’19]
h(x, y) = 3x − 4y + 5.
(c) Determine the equations of the tangents of circle f(x, y) = 0 which is perpendicular on straight line
h(x, y) = 0
Solution
(c) The equation of the perpendicular straight line on h(x, y) = 3x − 4y + 5 = 0 is:
4x + 3y + k = 0 … … … (i)
f(x, y) = x 2 + y 2 − 10x + 6y + 25 = 0 its centre is (5, −3) ; radius is r = 3.
The distance of (i) from the centre is equal to radius r
4×5−3×3+k
∴| | = 3 ⇒ |k + 11| = 3 × 5
√42 +32
⇒ (k + 11)2 = 152 ⇒ k 2 + 22k − 104 = 0 ⇒ k = 4 or − 26
4x + 3y + 4 = 0
∴ equations of the tangents: } (Ans.)
4x + 3y − 26 = 0
07. x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 4y − 4 = 0 … … … (i) [JB’19]
3x − 4y − 1 = 0 … … … … … … (ii)
(c) Determine the tangent of the circle (i) which is perpendicular to the straight line (ii).
Solution
(c) Perpendicular equation of (ii) is, 4x + 3y + k = 0 … … … (i)
Radius= √12 + 22 + 4 = 3
4.1+3.2+k
∴| | = 3 ⇒ 10 + k = ±15 ∴ k = 5, −25
√42 +22
∴ tangents are 4x + 3y + 5 = 0 ও 4x + 3y − 25 = 0 (𝐀𝐧𝐬. )

T-15: Equation of chord from midpoint of chord and equation of circle

01. [JB’22]

(b) Determine such a chord of the circle whose midpoint is at (−5, 3).
Solution
(b) Given that, Co-ordinates of the center of the circle is, C = (−4,2)
It touches the x-axis. So, radius, r = |k| = 2
∴ Equation of the circle is: (x + 4)2 + (y − 2)2 = 22
Let midpoint of the chord AB is O= (−5,3)
x+4 y−2
Equation of OC: −4+5 = 2−3 ⇒ x + 4 = −(y − 2) ⇒ x + y + 2 = 0
∴ Equation of the chord AB: x − y + k = 0
It passes through the point O, ∴ −5 − 3 + k = 0 ⇒ k = 8
Equation of the chord is: x − y + 8 = 0

25
 T-16: Tangent and normal to tangent at a given point on circle

01. [BB’22]

(c) Determine the equation of the circle drawn considering AB as diameter and also determine the equation
of the tangent at the point B.
Solution
5 3
(c) Co-ordinates of point A is (x1 , y1 ) = ( , 0) ; co-ordinates of point B (x2 , y2 ) = (0, )
2 2
Now equation of the circle drawn taking AB as a diameter,

5 3
(x − x1 )(x − x2 ) + (y − y1 )(y − y2 ) = 0 ⇒ (x − ) (x − 0) + (y − 0) (y − ) = 0
2 2
2x−5 2y−3 2x2 −5x 2y2 −3y
⇒( 2
)x + y( 2
) =0⇒ 2
+ 2
=0
2 2
∴ 2x + 2y − 5x − 3y = 0 … … … (i)
3
Equation of tangent of circle (i) at the point B (0, 2) is-
3
3 x+0 y+ 5x 3 2y+3
2
2 ⋅ x ⋅ 0 + 2y ⋅ 2 − 5 ( )− 3( ) = 0 ⇒ 0 + 3y − −2⋅ =0
2 2 2 2

5x 6y+9
⇒ 3y − 2
− 4 = 0 ⇒ 12y − 10x − 6y − 9 = 0 ⇒ 6y − 10x − 9 = 0 ∴ 10x − 6y + 9 = 0

02. The point A(1,1) is located on x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 6y − 12 = 0. [MB’22]

(b) Determine the another co-ordinates of the diameter having one terminal point at A . Also determine the
equation of the tangent passing through point A.
Solution
4 6
(b) Given that, x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 6y − 12 = 0 Centre of the circle is, c = (−2 , −2) = (−2, −3 )
The point A is (1, 1). Let the other terminal point of the diameter passing through A be B(x, y)
x+1 y+1 x+1
So, the chord AB is bisected at the point c. ∴ Co-ordinates of the midpoint of AB is = ( 2
, 2 ) ∴ 2
= −2
y+1
⇒ x + 1 = −4 ⇒ x = −5 again, = −3 ⇒ y + 1 = −6 ⇒ y = −7
2
∴ The co-ordinates of the other end of the diameter to the point A is (−5, −7)

26
03. [Ctg.B’19]
Y
P(1, 3)
N(2, 0)
X´ O (0,0) X
A

C (2, -3)
B
Y´
(b) Determine the equations of the tangent and the normal of the circle having center O at point P.
Solution
2
(b) Radius of circle with center O is OP ; OP = r = √(1 − 0)2 + (√3 − 0) ; r = 2
Equation of the circle: x 2 + y 2 = r 2 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 4 ∴ Equation of the tangent at P(1, √3) is
xx1 + yy1 − r 2 = 0 ⇒ x. 1 + y. √3 − 4 = 0 ⇒ x + √3y − 4 = 0
Equation of the normal at P(1, √3) is y1 x − x1 y + 0 = 0 ⇒ √3x − y = 0 (Ans.)

04. OA = 3 units and OB = 5 units. [BB’19]

Y
B
C

O A X

(c) If O is an end point of a diameter, then determine the equation of the tangent at another end point of
that diameter.
Solution
(c) From (b), we get, [Question no. 01 (b), of T-07]
3 5
equation of the circle is x 2 + y 2 − 3x − 5y = 0 ; Center is ( , )
2 2
α+0 3 β+0 5
Let, the other extremity of the diameter is (α, β) ; = ∴α=3; = ∴β=5
2 2 2 2
x+3 y+5
Now, equation of the tangent at (3, 5) is x. 3 + y. 5 − 3. 2 − 5. 2 =0
⇒ 6x + 10y − 3x − 9 − 5y − 25 = 0 ∴ 3x + 5y − 34 = 0 (Ans.)

T-17: Length of tangent to a circle from an external point

01. (a) Determine the length of the tangent of the circle 2x 2 + 2y 2 − 6x − 7 = 0 at the point (3, 2). [JB’23]
Solution
7
(a) The length of the tangent from point (3, 2) in circle 2x 2 + 2y 2 − 6x − 7 = 0 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 3x − 3 = 0 is
7 7 12−7 5
= √(3)2 + (2)2 − 3.3 − = √4 − = √ = √ units
3 3 3 3

02. (a) Determine the tangent drawn from point (2, −3) on the circle 2x 2 + 2y 2 = 8. [Din.B’23]
Solution
(a) Similar to (a) of question no. 01, T-17. Ans: 𝟑 units

27
03. (a) Determine the length of the tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 + 4x − 2y + 4 = 0 from the point (2, 2)
[CB’22]
Solution
(a) From the point at (2, 2),
Length of the tangent drawn at the circle x 2 + y 2 + 4x − 2y + 4 = 0 is
d = √(2)2 + (2)2 + 4 × 2 − 2 × 2 + 4 = √4 + 4 + 8 = √16 = 4 unit
∴Length of the tangent drawn at the circle x 2 + y 2 + 4x − 2y + 4 = 0 from the point at (2, 2) is 4 unit.

04. Scenario -1: [CB’19]

Y

B(-2, 0) A(2, 1)
X´ O X

C(-2, -2)
Y´
(c) Determine the length of the tangent of the circumcircle of ∆ABC from the point (5, 4).
Solution
(c) Let the equation of the circum circle of,x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
For point A, 4 + 1 + 4g + 2f + c = 0 ∴ 4g + 2f + c = −5 … … … (i)
For point B, 4 − 4g + c = 0 ∴ −4g + c = −4 … … … (ii)
For point C, 4 + 4 − 4g − 4f + c = 0 ∴ −4g − 4f + c = −8 … … … (iii)
3 11 3 11
Solving (i), (ii) and (iii), we get, g = − 8 , f = 1, c = − 2
; g = − 8 , f = 1, c = − 2
3 11
∴ Equation of the circumcircle, x 2 + y 2 − x + 2y − = 0 ∴ 4x 2 + 4y 2 − 3x + 8y − 22 = 0
4 2
3 11
∴ Length of the tangent = √(5)2 + (4)2 + 2 × (− 8) 5 + 2 × 1 × 4 − 2
= 6.305 unit (Ans.)

T-18: Equations of tangent to a circle from an external point

01. A tangent of the circle x 2 + y 2 − 2x + 2y = 2 is 3x + 4y − 9 = 0 [RB’23]

(c) Find the length and equation of tangent drawn from the point (4, −3) to the given circle.
Solution
(c) Length of tangent = √42 + (−3)2 − 2.4 + 2(−3) − 2 = 3 units
Equation of tangent, y + 3 = mx − 4m = mx − y − 4m − 3 = 0; C = (1, −1), r = 2 units
|m(1)−(−1)−4m−3| |−3m−2| {−1(3m+2)}2
=2⇒ =2⇒ m2 +1
= 4 ⇒ 9m2 + 12m + 4 = 4m2 + 4
√m2 +(−1)2 √m2 +1
12
⇒ 5m2 + 12m = 0 ⇒ m(5m + 12) = 0 ⇒ m = 0, − 5
12 12
Equation of tangent: y + 3 = 0 and − 5
x − y + 4. 5
− 3 = 0 ⇒ 12x + 5y − 48 + 15 = 0
⇒ 12x + 5y − 33 = 0

28
02. Equation of circle: x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 2y + 6 = 0 [Ctg.B’23]
(c) Determine the equation of tangent and normal to the circle from the point (−3, 2).
Solution
(c) Similar to (c) of question no. 01, T-18.
√𝟓 √𝟒
Ans: Tangent: (𝐲 − 𝟐) = ± 𝟒
(𝐱 + 𝟑), Normal: (𝐲 + 𝟏) = ± 𝟓
(𝐱 + 𝟑)

03. Scenario-II: x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 is an equation of circle. [CB’23]

(c) Determine the equation of tangent and its length on the circle of scenario-II from the origin (0, 0).
Solution
−𝟏𝟐
(c) Similar to (c) of question no. 01, T-18. Ans: Length = 𝟏 unit, Tangent: 𝐲 = 𝟎 & 𝐲 = 𝐱
𝟓

04. [SB’22]

(c) Determine the equation of the other tangent of the circle from the origin.
Solution
5
(c) From ‘b’, we get, equation of the circle is- x 2 + y 2 − 4x − y + 4 = 0 [Question no. 04 (b), of T-04]
2
5
g = −2, f = − 4, c = 4
5 5 2 5
∴ center (2, 4) and radius, r = √g 2 + f 2 − c = √(−2)2 + (− 4) − 4 = 4
Let equation of the tangent from the origin be y = mx ∴ mx − y = 0
We know that the perpendicular distance of tangent from the center equals to the radius.
5
2m− 5 5 2 25 5 25 25 25m2
⇒| 4
| = 4 ⇒ (2m − 4) = 16 (1 + m2 ) ⇒ 4m2 − 2.2m. 4 + 16 = 16 +
√1+m2 16

25m2 80
⇒ 4m2 − 5m = 16
⇒ 64m2 − 80m = 25m2 ⇒ 39m2 − 80m = 0 ⇒ m(39m − 80) = 0 ∴ m = 0, 39
80 80
∴ Slope of the other tangent from the origin is = 39 ∴ Equation of the other tangent is, y = mx ⇒ y = 39 x
∴ 80x − 39y = 0

05. [JB’22]

(c) Determine the equation of the tangent OP.

29
 Solution
(c) Given that, Co-ordinates of center of the circle is, C(−4,2)
The circle touches the x-axis,
∴ Radius, r = |k| = 2
∴ Equation of the circle is: (x + 4)2 + (y − 2)2 = 22
The tangent OP passes through the origin,
∴ Its equation is: y = mx ⇒ y − mx = 0
Now the perpendicular distance of tangent OP from
the origin equals to the radius
|2+4m| |1+2m|
∴ =2⇒ = 1 ⇒ (1 + 2m)2 = 1 + m2
√12 +m2 √12 +m2

⇒ 1 + 4m2 + 4m − m2 − 1 = 0 ⇒ 3m2 + 4m = 0
2

−4
⇒ m(3m + 4) = 0 ∴ m ≠ 0 ; m = 3
4
Equation of the tangent OP: y + 3 x = 0 ⇒ 3y + 4x = 0

06. [RB, Ctg.B, BB, CB’18]

(c) Determine the equation of the tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 − 6x − 8y + 9 = 0 from the point C.
Solution
(c) Equation of the given circle, x 2 + y 2 − 6x − 8y + 9 = 0
∴ Center (3, 4)
Co-ordinate of point C(−3, 4)
Now, the equation of tangent from the point (−3, 4)
y − 4 = m(x + 3) ⇒ mx + 3m − y + 4 = 0 … … … (i)
Now, (i) will be the required equation of tangent if if the distance of the tangent from the center is equal to
the radius.
3m−4+3m+4
∴ = |√32 + 42 − 9|
√m2 +1
6m 6m 2 36m2
⇒ = |4| ⇒ ( ) = (14)2 ⇒ = 16
√m2 +1 √m2 +1 m2 +1

⇒ 36m2 = 16m2 + 16 ⇒ 20m2 = 16

16 4 2
⇒ m2 = ⇒m=± ∴m=±
20 2√5 √5
2
∴ Equation of the tangent, y − 4 = ± (x + 3) (Ans.)
√5

30
 T-19: Position of a circle w.r.t another circle and condition for touching

01. f(x, y) = x 2 + y 2 − 10x + 6y + 25 [DB’19]

g(x, y) = x 2 + y 2 + 6x − 6y − 31
(b) Show that the circles f(x, y) = 0 & g(x, y) = 0 touch each other externally.
Solution
(b) f(x, y) = x 2 + y 2 − 10x + 6y + 25 = 0 … … … … … . (i)
g(x, y) = x 2 + y 2 + 6x − 6y − 31 = 0 … … … … … … (ii)
Comparing (i) & (ii) with x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 we get,
The centre of circle (i), c1 (5, −3) and radius r1 = √g 2 + f 2 − c = 3 unit
The centre of circle (ii), c2 (−3, 3) and radius r2 = √g 2 + f 2 − c = 7 unit
Now, c1 c2 = √(5 + 3)2 + (−3 − 3)2 = 10 unit ; The summation of the two radii = (3 + 7) = 10 unit
Since c1 c2 = (r1 + r2 ), the two circles touch each other externally. (Showed)
02. x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 8y + 21 = 0, x 2 + y 2 = 9 [RB’17]
9 12
(b) Show that the circles in the stem touch each other externally at the point (− , − ).
5 5
Solution
(b) Equation of the 1st circle, x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 8y + 21 = 0
⇒ x 2 + y 2 + 2.3. x + 2.4. y + 21 = 0
Here, g = 3, f = 4, c = 21 2 3
∴ Centre (−3, −4) and radius r1 = √32 + 42 − 21 = 2 C1(-3,-4) C2(0,0)
nd 2 2 2 2 2
Again, equation of the 2 circle, x + y = 9 ⇒ x + y = 3
P(x,y)
∴ Centre, c2 ≡ (0, 0)
Radius, r2 = 3 ; let, P(x, y) internally divides the line c1 c2 at 2: 3 ratio.
2.0+3.(−3) −9 2.0+3(−4) −12
∴x= 2+3
= 5
; again, y = 2+3
= 5
−9 −12
∴ The circles intersect each other internally at the point ( , ) (Showed).
5 5

T-20: Related to Common chord of circle

01. Equation of circle: x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 2y + 6 = 0; x 2 + y 2 + 8x + y + 10 = 0 [Ctg.B’23]

(b) Considering the common chord of the two circles of the stem as the diameter, determine the equation
of circle.
Solution
(b) Equation of the two circles,
x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 2y + 6 = 0 … … … (i)
x 2 + y 2 + 8x + y + 10 = 0 … … … (ii)
∴ Equation of the common chord ⇒ 2x − y + 4 = 0 … … … (iii)
Equation of circle passing through the intersecting point of (i) & (iii),
x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 2y + 6 + k(2x − y + 4) = 0 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 + (6 + 2k)x + (2 − k)y + 6 + 4k = 0
6+2k 2−k
Here, center is (− 2
, − 2 ) and the equation is, situated on (iii).
6+2k 2−k k
∴ From (iii), 2 × (− 2 ) − (− 2 ) + 4 = 0 ⇒ −6 − 2k + 1 − 2 + 4=0

31
 5 2
⇒− k−1=0∴k=−
2 5
2 2 2
∴ Equation of the required circle: x 2 + y 2 + {6 + 2 × (− 5)} x + (2 + 5) y + 6 + 4 (− 5) = 0
26 12 22
⇒ x2 + y2 + x + y+ = 0 ⇒ 5x 2 + 5y 2 + 26x + 12y + 22 = 0
5 5 5

02. Scenario-02: x 2 + y 2 − 12x + 16y − 69 = 0 & x 2 + y 2 − 9x + 12y − 59 = 0 are equations of two circles.
[JB’23]
(c) Determine the equation of another circle considering the common chord of the two circles as the
diameter in scenario-02.
Solution
𝟏𝟒 𝟐𝟔 𝟐𝟑 𝟕
(c) Similar to (b) of question no. 01, T-20. Ans: (𝐱 − 𝟓
) (𝐱 + 𝟓 ) + (𝐲 − 𝟓 ) (𝐲 + 𝟓) =𝟎

03. Scenario-2: x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 4y + 6 = 0
x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 2y + 2 = 0 [Din.B’23]
(c) Determine the equation of circle whose diameter is the common tangent of the two circles according to
scenario-2.
Solution
1309 191 309 809
(c) Similar to (b) of question no. 01, T-20. Ans: (x + 500
) (x + 500) + (y − 500) (y + 500) = 0

04. [RB’22]

(b) Determine the equation of the circle which is drawn considering the chord OC as the diameter.
Solution
(b) Diameter of the circle is OD ∴ Centre (−10, 0) and the circle touches y axis.
∴ radius, r = |abscissa of centre| = |−10| = 10
∴ With OD as diameter, equation for the circle s1 is-
(x − h)2 + (y − k)2 = r 2 ⇒ (x + 10)2 + (y − 0)2 = 102
⇒ x 2 + 20x + 100 + y 2 = 100 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 + 20x = 0 … … … (i)
Again, in case of determining the intersecting point of y = 2x and circle s1 -
x 2 + (2x)2 + 20x = 0 ⇒ x 2 + 4x 2 + 20x = 0
⇒ 5x 2 + 20x = 0 ⇒ 5x(x + 4) = 0 = x(x + 4) = 0 ; Either, x = 0 Or, x + 4 = 0 ∴ x = −4
If x = 0 then, y = 2.0 = 0 ; If x = −4 then, y = 2. (−4) = −8
∴ Intersection points of the circle s1 and the line y = 2x are O(0,0) with C(−4, −8)
Now, equation of the circle drawn taking the chord OC as diameter-
(x − x1 )(x − x2 ) + (y − y1 )(y − y2 ) = 0
⇒ (x − 0){x − (−4)} + (y − 0){y − (−8)} = 0 ⇒ x(x + 4) + y(y + 8) = 0
⇒ x 2 + 4x + y 2 + 8y = 0 ∴ x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 8y = 0
This is the equation of the required circle, taking the chord OC as its diameter.

32
05. Scenario-2: x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 4y + 1 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 3y + 2 = 0 are the equations of two circles.
[CB’22]
(c) Determine the equation of the circle considering the common chord of two circles mentioned in
scenario-2 as the diameter.
Solution
(c) x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 4y + 1 = 0 … … … (i)
x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 3y + 2 = 0 … … … (ii)
3
Centre of circle (i) is, c1 (−2, −2) ; Centre of circle (ii) is, c2 (−2, − 2)
Radius of circle(i), r1 = √(2)2 + (2)2 − 1 = √7 ≈ 2.6457
3 2 √17
Radius of circle(ii), r2 = √(2)2 + (2) − 2 = 2
≈ 2.06

3 2 1
Distance between the two centers is, c1 c2 = √(−2 + 2)2 + (−2 + 2) = 2
Since difference between radiuses is, ∆r = (r1 − r2 ) = (2.65 − 2.06) = 0.33
and c1 c2 > ∆r ; So, the circle is located inside r1 , r2 . They have no common chord.

06. x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 2y + 1 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 2y − 4 = 0 are the equations of two circles. [Din.B’22]

(c) Determine the equation of the circle considering the common chord of the mentioned two circles as the
diameter.
Solution
(c) Given, equation of two circles is, y1 = x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 2y + 1 = 0 and y2 = x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 2y − 4 = 0
Equation of common chord of the two circles is: y1 − y2 = 0
1
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 2y + 1 − x 2 − y 2 − 4x − 2y + 4 = 0 ⇒ −10x + 5 = 0 ∴ x = 2
1 1 2 1
Putting x = in y1 -, we get, ( ) + y 2 − 6 × ( ) + 2y + 1 = 0
2 2 2
1
⇒ + y 2 − 3 + 2y + 1 = 0 ⇒ 4y 2 + 1 − 12 + 8y + 4 = 0 ⇒ 4y 2 + 8y − 7 = 0
4

07. x 2 + y 2 − 8x − 6y + 16 = 0 … … (i) [CB’19]

2 2
x + y = 4 … … … (ii)
(c) Determine the area of the triangle that the common chord of the circles makes with the co-ordinate axes.
Solution
(c) x 2 + y 2 − 8x − 6y + 16 = 0 … . . (i)
(0, 10/3)
x 2 + y 2 − 4 = 0 … … (ii)
(ii) − (i) ⇒ 8x + 6y − 20 = 0 ⇒ 4x + 3y = 10
(5/2, 0)
2x 3y x y 1 5 10 25
∴ 5
+ 10 = 0 ∴ 5/2 + 10/3 = 0 ∴ Area = 2 × 2 × 3
= 6
square units.
[The two circles in the stem touch each other externally. So, there cannot be a common chord. The math
has been done using the common tangent.] (Ans.)

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