NAME: DATE: PERIOD: GRADE: /

AS AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE MOCK TEST

3. Potassium nitrate, KNO3, decomposes on strong heating, forming oxygen and solid Y as
the only products.

(a) A 1.00 g sample of KNO3 (Mr = 101.1) was heated strongly until fully decomposed
into Y.

(i) Calculate the number of moles of KNO3 in the 1.00 g sample.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

(ii) At 298 K and 100 kPa, the oxygen gas produced in this decomposition occupied a
–4 3
volume of 1.22 × 10 m .
State the ideal gas equation and use it to calculate the number of moles of oxygen
produced in this decomposition.
–1 –1
(The gas constant R = 8.31 J K mol )

Ideal gas equation .............................................................................................

Moles of oxygen ................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(5)

(b) Compound Y contains 45.9% of potassium and 16.5% of nitrogen by mass, the remainder
being oxygen.

(i) State what is meant by the term empirical formula.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

(ii) Use the data above to calculate the empirical formula of Y.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(4)

(c) Deduce an equation for the decomposition of KNO3 into Y and oxygen.

.....................................................................................................................................(1)

Analia Sanchez 1
 (Total 10 marks)

Analia Sanchez 2
 4. The equation for the reaction between magnesium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid is

shown below.

Mg(OH)2(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

3 –3
Calculate the volume, in cm , of 1.00 mol dm hydrochloric acid required to react
completely with 1.00 g of magnesium hydroxide.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................(4)
(Total 4 marks)

5. When aluminium is added to an aqueous solution of copper(II) chloride, CuCl 2, copper

metal and aluminium chloride, AlCl3, are formed. Write an equation to represent this
reaction.

.....................................................................................................................................(1)
(Total 1 mark)

6. (a) Lead(II) nitrate may be produced by the reaction between nitric acid and lead(II) oxide as
shown by the equation below.

PbO + 2HNO3 ® Pb(NO3)2 + H2O

3 –3
An excess of lead(II) oxide was allowed to react with 175 cm of 1.50 mol dm nitric
acid. Calculate the maximum mass of lead(II) nitrate which could be obtained from this
reaction.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................(4)

Analia Sanchez 3
 (b) An equation representing the thermal decomposition of lead(II) nitrate is shown below.

2Pb(NO3)2(s) → 2PbO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)

A sample of lead(II) nitrate was heated until the decomposition was complete. At a
temperature of 500 K and a pressure of 100 kPa, the total volume of the gaseous mixture
–4 3
produced was found to be 1.50 × 10 m .

(i) State the ideal gas equation and use it to calculate the total number of moles of gas
produced in this decomposition.
–1 –1
(The gas constant R = 8.31 J K mol )

Ideal gas equation .........................................................................................

Total number of moles of gas ............................................................................

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

(ii) Deduce the number of moles, and the mass, of NO2 present in this gaseous
mixture. (If you have been unable to calculate the total number of moles of gas in
–3
part (b)(i), you should assume this to be 2.23 × 10 mol. This is not the correct
answer.)

Number of moles of NO2 ..................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

Mass of NO2 ........................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................(7)
(Total 11 marks)

7. (a) Ammonia, NH3, reacts with sodium to form sodium amide, NaNH2, and hydrogen.

Write an equation for the reaction between ammonia and sodium.

........................................................................................…...............................(1)

(b) A salt, X, contains 16.2% by mass of magnesium, 18.9% by mass of nitrogen and 64.9%
by mass of oxygen.

(i) State what is meant by the term empirical formula.

........................................................................................…...............................

........................................................................................…...............................

(ii) Determine the empirical formula of X.

........................................................................................…...............................

........................................................................................…...............................

........................................................................................…...............................

Analia Sanchez 4
 ........................................................................................…...............................(3)
(Total 4 marks)

8. (a) Ammonium sulphate reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide as shown by the equation
below.

(NH4)2SO4 + 2NaOH ® 2NH3 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O

3 –3
A sample of ammonium sulphate was heated with 100 cm of 0.500 mol dm
aqueous sodium hydroxide. To ensure that all the ammonium sulphate reacted, an excess
of sodium hydroxide was used.
Heating was continued until all of the ammonia had been driven off as a gas.
3
The unreacted sodium hydroxide remaining in the solution required 27.3 cm of
–3
0.600 mol dm hydrochloric acid for neutralisation.
3 –3
(i) Calculate the original number of moles of NaOH in 100 cm of 0.500 mol dm
aqueous sodium hydroxide.

........................................................................................…...............................

........................................................................................…...............................
3 –3
(ii) Calculate the number of moles of HCl in 27.3 cm of 0.600 mol dm
hydrochloric acid.

........................................................................................…...............................

........................................................................................…...............................

(iii) Deduce the number of moles of the unreacted NaOH neutralised by the
hydrochloric acid.

........................................................................................…...............................

(iv) Use your answers from parts (a) (i) and (a) (iii) to calculate the number of moles of
NaOH which reacted with the ammonium sulphate.

........................................................................................…...............................

........................................................................................…...............................

(v) Use your answer in part (a) (iv) to calculate the number of moles and the mass of
ammonium sulphate in the sample.
(If you have been unable to obtain an answer to part (a) (iv), you may assume that
the number of moles of NaOH which reacted with ammonium sulphate equals
–2
2.78 × 10 mol. This is not the correct answer.)

Moles of ammonium sulphate ...........................................................................

........................................................................................…...............................

Mass of ammonium sulphate ............................................….............................

........................................................................................…...............................
(7)

–4 3
(b) A 0.143g gaseous sample of ammonia occupied a volume of 2.86 × 10 m at a
temperature T and a pressure of 100 kPa.

Analia Sanchez 5
 State the ideal gas equation, calculate the number of moles of ammonia present and
deduce the value of the temperature T.
–1 –1
(The gas constant R = 8.31 J K mol )

Ideal gas equation ......................................................................................................

Moles of ammonia ......................................................................................................

.........................……….............................................................…...............................

Value of T ...................................................................................................................

.........................……….............................................................…...............................

.........................……….............................................................…...............................

.........................……….............................................................…...............................

.........................……….............................................................…...............................
(4)
(Total 11 marks)

11. (a) One isotope of sodium has a relative mass of 23.

Calculate the mass, in grams, of a single atom of this isotope of sodium.

–1
(The Avogadro constant, L, is 6.023 × 1023 mol )

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 2 marks)

12. (a) State what is meant by the term empirical formula.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

(b) A chromium compound contains 28.4% of sodium and 32.1% of chromium by

mass, the remainder being oxygen.
Calculate the empirical formula of this compound.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(4)
(Total 4 marks)

Analia Sanchez 6
13. (a) Titanium(IV) chloride reacted with water as shown in the following equation.

TiCl4(l) + 2H2O(l) ® 4HCl(aq) + TiO2(s)

3
The reaction produced 200 cm of a 1.20M solution of hydrochloric acid.
Calculate the number of moles of HCl in the solution and use your answer to
find the original mass of TiCl4

Moles of HCl...............................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

Mass of TiCl4..............................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(4)

(b) Calculate the volume of 1.10 M sodium hydroxide solution which would be required to
3
neutralise a 100 cm portion of the 1.20 M solution of hydrochloric acid.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(3)

3
(c) An excess of magnesium metal was added to a 100 cm portion of the 1.20 M solution of
hydrochloric acid. Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas produced at 98 kPa and 20°C.

Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq)® 4 MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(4)
(Total 11 marks)

Analia Sanchez 7
14.

(a) Calculate the maximum mass of sodium sulphide that can be obtained from 10.0 g
of sulphur.

(2)

3
(b) Calculate the minimum volume of hydrogen, in cm , at 298 K and 101.3 kPa, that
is needed to form 5.00 g of hydrogen sulphide.

(3)
(Total 5 marks)

15. When a sample of liquid, X, of mass 0.406 g was vaporised, the vapour was found to occupy a
–4 3
volume of 2.34 × 10 m at a pressure of 110 kPa and a temperature of 473 K.

(a) Give the name of the equation pV = nRT.

...............................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) Use the equation pV = nRT to calculate the number of moles of X in the sample and
hence deduce the relative molecular mass of X.
–1 –1
(The gas constant R = 8.31 J K mol )

Moles of X ............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

Relative molecular mass of X ...............................................................................

...............................................................................................................................
(4)

Analia Sanchez 8
 (c) Compound X, which contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only, has 38.7% carbon and
9.68% hydrogen by mass. Calculate the empirical formula of X.

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................
(3)

(d) Using your answers to parts (b) and (c) above, deduce the molecular formula of X.

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 9 makrs)

–3
16. (a) Calculate the concentration, in mol dm , of the solution formed when 19.6 g of hydrogen
3
chloride, HCl, are dissolved in water and the volume made up to 250 cm .

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................
(3)

Analia Sanchez 9
 (b) The carbonate of metal M has the formula M2CO3. The equation for the reaction of this
carbonate with hydrochloric acid is given below.

M2CO3 + 2HCl ® 2MCl + CO2 + H2O

3
A sample of M2CO3, of mass 0.394 g, required the addition of 21.7 cm of a
–3
0.263 mol dm solution of hydrochloric acid for complete reaction.

(i) Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid used.

....................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of M2CO3 in 0.394 g.

....................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................

(iii) Calculate the relative molecular mass of M2CO3

....................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................

(iv) Deduce the relative atomic mass of M and hence suggest its identity.

Relative atomic mass of M ........................................................................

....................................................................................................................

Identity of M ..............................................................................................
(6)
(Total 9 marks)

17. (a) The mass of one mole of 1H atoms is 1.0078 g and that of one 1H atom is
–24
1.6734 × 10 g.
Use these data to calculate a value for the Avogadro constant accurate to five significant
figures. Show your working.

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) How does the number of atoms in one mole of argon compare with the number of
molecules in one mole of ammonia?

...............................................................................................................................
(1)

Analia Sanchez 10
 3
(c) A sample of ammonia gas occupied a volume of 0.0352 m at 298 K and 98.0 kPa.
Calculate the number of moles of ammonia in the sample.
–1 –1
(The gas constant R = 8.31 J K mol )

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................
(3)

3
(d) A solution containing 0.732 mol of ammonia was made up to 250 cm in a volumetric
flask by adding water. Calculate the concentration of ammonia in this final solution and
state the appropriate units.

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................
(2)

(e) A different solution of ammonia was reacted with sulphuric acid as shown in the equation
below.

2NH3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) ® (NH4)2SO4(aq)

3 –3
In a titration, 25.0 cm of a 1.24 mol dm solution of sulphuric acid required 30.8 cm3 of
this ammonia solution for complete reaction.

(i) Calculate the concentration of ammonia in this solution.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

(ii) Calculate the mass of ammonium sulphate in the solution at the end of this
titration.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
(6)

Analia Sanchez 11
 (f) The reaction of magnesium nitride, Mg3N2, with water produces ammonia and
magnesium hydroxide. Write an equation for this reaction.

................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 16 marks)

18. (a) Define the term relative molecular mass.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) Give the meaning of the term empirical formula.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(1)

(c) Compound X contains 32.9% by mass of carbon and 1.40% by mass of hydrogen; the
remainder is oxygen.

(i) Calculate the empirical formula of X.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

(ii) The relative molecular mass of X is 146. Deduce its molecular formula.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(4)

Analia Sanchez 12
 (d) A 1.0 kg sample of methane was burned in air. It reacted as follows:

CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) ® CO2 (g) + 2H2O(g)

(i) Calculate the number of moles in 1.0 kg of methane.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

(ii) Calculate the volume of oxygen gas, measured at 298 K and 100 kPa, which would
be required for the complete combustion of 1.0 kg of methane.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(6)
(Total 13 marks)

19. Give the meaning of the term mole as used in the phrase 'one mole of molecules'.

...................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 1 mark)

20. (a) What is the name given to the number of molecules in one mole of carbon dioxide?

.....................................................................................................................................
(1)

Analia Sanchez 13
 (b) (i) State the ideal gas equation.

...........................................................................................................................

(ii) Calculate the volume of 1.00 mol of carbon dioxide gas at 298 K and 100 kPa.
–1 –1
(The gas constant R = 8.31 J mol K )

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

(iii) Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide gas at 273 K and 500 kPa contained in a
3
cylinder of volume 0.00500 m .

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(7)

(c) Hydrogen can be made by the reaction of hydrochloric acid with magnesium according to
the equation

2HCl + Mg ® MgCl2 + H2
3
What mass of hydrogen is formed when 100cm of hydrochloric acid of concentration 5.0
–3
mol dm reacts with an excess of magnesium?

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(3)

Analia Sanchez 14
 (d) A compound of iron contains 38.9% by mass of iron and 16.7% by mass of carbon, the
remainder being oxygen.

(i) Determine the empirical formula of the iron compound.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

(ii) When one mole of this iron compound is heated, it decomposes to give one mole of
iron(II) oxide, FeO, one mole of carbon dioxide and one mole of another gas.
Identify this other gas. (The molecular formula of the iron compound is the same as
its empirical formula.)

...........................................................................................................................
(4)
(Total 15 marks)

21. Ammonium nitrate can be prepared by the reaction between ammonia and nitric acid:

NH3 + HNO3 ® NH4NO3

–3
(a) The concentration of a nitric acid solution is 2.00 mol dm . Calculate the volume of this
solution which would be required to react with exactly 20.0 g of ammonia.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(4)

Analia Sanchez 15
 (b) A sample of ammonium nitrate decomposed on heating as shown in the equation below.

NH4NO3 ® 2H2O + N2 + ½O2

On cooling the resulting gases to 298 K, the volume of nitrogen and oxygen together was
3
found to be 0.0500 m at a pressure of 95.0 kPa.

(i) State the ideal gas equation and use it to calculate the total number of moles of
–1 –1
nitrogen and oxygen formed. (The gas constant R = 8.31 J mol K )

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

(ii) Using your answer to part (b)(i), deduce the number of moles of ammonium nitrate
decomposed and hence calculate the mass of ammonium nitrate in the sample.

Moles of ammonium nitrate ..............................................................................

Mass of ammonium nitrate ...............................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(6)
(Total 10 marks)

12 –23
22. The mass of one atom of C is 1.99 × 10 g. Use this information to calculate a value
for the Avogadro constant. Show your working.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 2 marks)

Analia Sanchez 16
23. The equation below represents the thermal decomposition of KClO3.

2KClO3(s) ® 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)

(a) Calculate the mass of oxygen which could be produced by the complete
decomposition of 1.47 g of KClO3.

(2)

3
(b) Calculate the mass of KClO3 required to produce 1.00 dm (at 20 °C and 101.3
kPa) of oxygen.

(3)
(Total 5 marks)

24. (a) What experimental data are required in order to calculate the empirical formula of a
compound?

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) Give the meaning of the term molecular formula.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(1)

Analia Sanchez 17
 (c) When barium nitrate is heated it decomposes as follows:

Ba(NO3)2(s) ® BaO(s) + 2NO2(g) + ½ O2(g)

(i) Calculate the total volume, measured at 298 K and 100 kPa, of gas which is
produced by decomposing 5.00 g of barium nitrate.

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

(ii) Calculate the volume of 1.20 M hydrochloric acid which is required to neutralise
exactly the barium oxide formed by decomposition of 5.00 g of barium nitrate.
Barium oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid as follows

BaO(s) + 2HCl(aq) ® BaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................
(7)
(Total 9 marks)

25. The mass spectrum of a compound has a molecular ion peak at m/z = 168.
Elemental analysis shows it to contain 42.9% carbon, 2.4% hydrogen and 16.7% nitrogen by
mass. The remainder is oxygen.

Calculate the empirical and molecular formulae of this compound

(4)
(Total 4 marks)

Analia Sanchez 18
26. Compound X contains only boron and hydrogen. The percentage by mass of boron in X is
81.2%. In the mass spectrum of X the peak at the largest value of m/z occurs at 54.

(a) Use the percentage by mass data to calculate the empirical formula of X.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

(b) Deduce the molecular formula of X.

...........................................................................................................................
(4)
(Total 4 marks)

27. (a) Define the term relative molecular mass.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(2)

12 –23
(b) The mass of one atom of C is 1.993 × 10 g. Use this mass to calculate a value
for the Avogadro constant (L) showing your working.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 3 marks)

28. When iodine reacts directly with fluorine, a compound containing 57.2% by mass of
iodine is formed.

(a) Determine the empirical formula of this compound.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

(b) The empirical formula of this compound is the same as the molecular formula.
Write a balanced equation for the formation of this compound.

...........................................................................................................................
(4)
(Total 4 marks)

Analia Sanchez 19
29. Compound A (Mr = 215.8) contains 22.24% carbon, 3.71% hydrogen and 74.05%
bromine by mass. Show that the molecular formula of A is C4H8Br2.

(3)
(Total 3 marks)

Analia Sanchez 20
 PRACTICE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS MARK SCHEME

23
1. (a) (i) Avogadro’s number/constant of molecules/particles/species / 6 ´ 10 1
[Not ‘atoms’]

Or same number of particles as (there are atoms)

[Not molecules]
12
in 12.(00)g of C 1

0.350
–2
(ii) Moles O2 = 32 (= 1.09 ´ 10 mol) 1

–2
= 29 (´ 1.09 ´ 10 ) 1
[Accept answers via 4 separate mole calculations]

= 0.316 – 0.317 mol [answer to 3+ sf] 1

[Mark conseq on errors in M1/M2] (1)

–2
(iii) Moles of nitroglycerine = 4 ´ 1.09 ´ 10 (= 0.0438 mol) 1
[Mark conseq on their moles of O2]

Mr of nitroglycerine = 227 or number string 1

Moles of nitroglycerine = 227 ´ 0.0438 = 9.90 – 9.93(g)

[answer to 3+ sf]
[If string OK but final answer wrong then allow M6 but AE for
M7]
[Mark conseq on error in Mr] [Penalise wrong units]
[Penalise sig. fig. errors once only in whole question]

mRT nRT
(b) pV = nRT or pV = V or p = V 1
nRT 0.8738.311100
p= V = 1.0010 3 1

= 7980093 or 7980 or 7.98 1

[ignore s.f.]

units = Pa or kPa or MPa (as appropriate) 1

[If error in conversion from Pa, treat as a contradiction of the
units mark]
[If transfer error, mark conseq but penalise M2]
[If data from outside of above used, penalise M2 and M3]

Analia Sanchez 21
 [If pV expression incorrectly rearranged, penalise M2 and M3]
[if T = 1373 K used, penalise M2]
[11]

Analia Sanchez 22
2.
(a) Na Cl O

21.6 33.3 45.1

23 35.5 16 1

0.9(39) 0.9(38) 2.8(2)

Hence: 1 1 3 1

Accept backwards calculation, i.e. from formula to % composition,

and also accept route via Mr to 23; 35.5; 48, and then to 1:1:3
[If % values incorrectly copied, allow M1 only]
[If any wrong Ar values/atomic numbers used = CE = 0}

(b) 3Cl2 + 6NaOH ® 5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O 1

[3]

3. (penalty for sig fig error =1mark per question)

-3
(a) (i) moles KNO3 = 1.00/101.1 = 9.89 × 10 (mol) 1
(ii) pV = nRT or n = pV/RT 1

pV 1000001.22 10 –4
moles O2 = n = RT = (1) 8.31 298 (1) 2

= 4.93 × 10-3 (mol) 1

(mark answer first – check back if wrong)

(transcription error lose M3, mark M4 conseq on error)

(if ‘untraceable’ figures used M3=M4=0)

(if wrong temp conversion – lose M3 – conseq M4)

(if n = RT/pV CE, lose M3 and M4)

(b) (i) simplest/lowest ratio of atoms of each / element/s in a compound /

substance / species / entity / molecule 1
(ii) K N O
45.9 16.5 37.6
39.1 14 16 (1)
1.17 1.18 2.35
2
1 1 2 KNO (1) 3

(M3 tied to M2), (M3 can be transferred from equation if ratio correct
but EF not given) (if calc inverted, lose M2 and M3), (if used At N1 /

Analia Sanchez 23
 wrong No for Ar then CE, lose M2 and M3) (if % of O missing,
award M2 only)

3 2 2
(c) 2KNO → 2KNO + O or fractions/multiples 1
3 2 2 4 2
(accept 2KNO → K N O + O )
(do NOT accept ‘Y’ in equation)

[10]

4. (penalty for sig fig error =1mark per question)

Mr (Mg(NO3)2 = 58(.3) (if At N° used, lose M1 and M2) 1

2
moles Mg(OH)2 = 0.0172 (conseq on wrong M ) (answer to 3+ s.f.) 1

moles HCl = 2 × 0.0172 = 0.0344 or 0.0343 (mol) (process mark) 1

0.0343 1000
vol HCl = 1 = 34.3 – 34.5 (cm3) (unless wrong unit) 1
(if candidate used 0.017 or 0.0171 lose M2)

(just answer with no working, if in range = (4). if, say, 34 then =(2))

(if not 2:1 ratio, lose M3 and M4)

(if work on HCl, CE = 0/4)

[4]

5. 2A1+ 3CuCl2 ® 2A1C13 + 3Cu;

(accept multiples/fractions)
OR
2+ 3+
2A1+ 3Cu ® 2A1 + 3Cu; 1

[1]
–3
6. (a) moles HN03 = 175 X 10 × 1.5 = (0.2625 mol); 1
moles Pb(NO3 )2 = ½ × 0.2625 = (0.131 mol); 1
Mr Pb(NO3 )2 = 331(.2); 1
mass Pb(NO3 )2 = 331.2 x 0.131=43.5 g; 1
(accept 43.2 - 43.8)
(M1 & M2 are process marks. If error in M1, or in M2, do not
mark M4
consequentially, i.e. do not award M4)
(if atomic numbers used in M3, do not award M4)

(b) (i) pV = nRT; 1

Analia Sanchez 24
 pV 1000001.510 –4
n 
RT 8.31  500 ; 1
–3
= 3.61 X 10 ; 1
(If pressure not converted to Pa, max 2)
RT
(If n = pV used = CE; M2 = M3 = 0)

–3
(ii) molesN02 = 4/5 × 3.61 × 10 ; 1
[mark is for use of 4/5]

–3 –3
= 2.89 × 10 OR 1.78×10 ; 1

Mr NO2 = 46; 1

–3
massNO2 = 46 ×2.89×l0 = 0.1.33(g) OR 0.0821 (g); 1
( if atomic numbers used, M3 = M4 = 0)
[11]

7. (a) 2Na + 2NH3 ® 2NaNH2 + H2 (or multiples) 1

(b) (i) Simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound / substance /

species / entity / molecule 1

(ii) Mg N O 1
16.2 16.2 18.9 64.9
(24) 24.3 14 16
(0.675) 0.667 1.37 4.06 1
1 2 6 MgN2O6
(Mark M1 first. If any wrong Ar used = CE = 0)
(Accept Mg(NO3)2 for M3 if above working shown)
[4]

–3 –2 –2
8. (a) (i) 100 ×l0 × 0.500 = 5.00 × 10 (mol) accept 5 ×10 / 0.05 1
–3 –2 –2
(ii) 27.3 ×10 × 0.600 = 1.64 × 10 / 1.638 × l0 (mol) only 1
–2
(iii) 1.64 ×10 (mol) 1
Mark conseq on (ii)

–2 –2 –2
(iv) 5.00 × 10 - 1.64 × 10 = 3.36 × 10 (mol) 1
Mark conseq on (i) & (iii)

Analia Sanchez 25
 –2 –2 –2 –2
(v) 3.36 × 10 × ½ = 1.68 × 10 (mol) If 2.78 × 10 used 1.39 × 10 1
Mark conseq on (iv)

–2 –2
1.68 × 10 × l32(.l) or 1.39 × 10 × 132(.l) 1
Mark for Mr

= 2.22 g or 1.83 g 1

(b) pV = nRT 1
n 0.143
17 –3
= 8.4(1) × 10 (mol) 1

pV 1000002.8610 4
T
nR = 8.318.4 10 3 (1) 1
= 408.5 – 410.5 (K) 1
Mark conseq on moles
Note Sig. fig. penalty - apply once if single sf given, unless calc works exactly
[11]

9. Ideal gas equation: pV = nRT (1)

103000127 10  6
Calculation: n = pV/RT = (8.31415) (1)
mark for volume conversion fully correct

–3
= 3.79 × 10 (mol) (1)
–3 –3
range 3.79 × 10 to 3.8 × 10

–3
Mr = m/n = .304/3.79 × 10 = 80.1 (1) 5
range 80 – 80.3
min 2 s.f. conseq
If ‘V’ wrong lose M2; ‘p’ wrong lose M3; ‘inverted’ lose M3
and M4
[5]
10. (a) M1 % by mass of H = 7.7(0)% (1)

M2 mol H = 7.70 / 1 = 7.70

mol C = 92.3 / 12 = 7.69 (1)

M3 (ratio 1:1 \) CH
77 78 92.3

Credit variations for M2 78 × 100 = 6 and 12 100 = 6
Correct answer = 3 marks

Analia Sanchez 26
 78
(b) (CH has empirical mass of 13 and 13 = 6 \) C6H6
Correct answer 1 mark

4
[4]

23
11. 23/6.023 × 10 (1)
CE = 0 if inverted or multiplied

–23
tied to M1 3.8(2) × 10 [2-5 sig figs] (1) 2
[2]

12. (a) (simplest) ratio of atoms of each element in compound (1)

(b) % oxygen = 39.5% (1)

Na 28.4/23 Cr 32.1/52 O 39.5/16 (1)

= 1.23 = 0.617 = 2.47
(2:1:4) so empirical formula = Na2CrO4 (1) 4
If % oxygen not calculated, only M2 available; if Ar values
wrong, only M1 available
[4]

Analia Sanchez 27
13. (a) 0×240 (1)

Mr (TiC14) = 190 (1)

0 24
moles TiC14 = 4 = 0×06 (1)

mass = 0×06 × 190 = 11×4 (1) 4

(b) moles NaOH = moles HCl = 0.12 (1)

moles
vol NaOH = conc (1)

0 12
3
= 1 1 = 109cm (1) 3

moles HC1
(c) moles H2 = 2 = 0×06 (1)

(allow conseq)

nRT
V = p (1) or PV = nRT

0 06 8 31293
= 98 000 (1)
–3 3
= 1×49 × 10 m (1)etc

(if chemical error on moles H2, max2) (2) 4

[11]

10.0 10
14. (a) moles of S = 32.1 ( = 0.3125) allow 32 (1)

mass of sodium sulphide 0.312 × 78.1 i.e. 24.4 g or 24.37 g

(accept 24.3 g or 24.33 g) (no sig.fig. penalty) (ignore units) (1) 2

5.00
(b) moles of hydrogen sulphide 34.1 (i.e. 0.1466 or 0.147 mol) (1)

moles of hydrogen gas needed = moles of H2S (1)

3
volume: 0.1466 × 24500 i.e. 3592 or 3590 cm
(3602 or 3600 if 0.147 used) (1)

Analia Sanchez 28
 3
answer must be in cm ie × 24500, not × 24.5 / no s.f.
penalty / ignore units

allow PV = nRT method with remembered value of R

[5]

Analia Sanchez 29
15. (a) Ideal gas equation law (1) 1

PV 110000 2.34 10  4

n
(b) Moles of X: RT (1) = 8.31473
–3
= 6.55 × 10 (1)
–3
6.5 to 6.6 × 10 , min 2 sig figs
RT
n
If write PV zero here, but can score Mr

m
Relative molecular mass of X: Mr = n (1)
= 62 (1)
61.5 to 62.5

(c) % oxygen = 51.6 (2)

C =38.7 / 12 H = 9.68 / 1 O = 57.6(2) / 16 (1)
= 3.23 = 9.68 = 3.23

1 : 3: 1 \ CH3O (1)
If no % O or if wrong Ar used then max 1
Correct empirical formula earns all three marks

62
(d) ( 31 × CH3O) = C2H6O2 (1) 1
[9]

mass 19.6
16. (a) Moles HCl = M r = 36.5 (1) (= 0.537)
0.537
Concentration = 0.25 (1)
–3
= 2.15 (mol dm ) (1)
mass
Conseq on
M r correct
min 2 d.p. 2.14 to 2.15
Ignore units
A.E. lose one mark

Analia Sanchez 30
 21.7
0.263 –3
(b) (i) 1000 = 5.7(1) × 10 (mol) (1)
–3
5.7 to 5.71 × 10

5.71 10  3
2 –3
(ii) = 2.85 × 10 (mol) (1)
Conseq

0.394
(iii) 2.85 10  3 = 138 (1)
Conseq

(iv) Relative atomic mass of M: 138 - 60 = 78 (1)

78
2 = 39 (1)
+
Identify of M: Potassium or K or K (1)
Conseq
If 78 = Mr then M = selenium

6
[9]

1.0078 mass of 1 mol

 24
(a) L = 1.6734 10 (1) or mass of 1 atom
17.
must show working

23
= 6.0225 × 10 (1)
Ignore wrong units
NB answer only scores 1

(b) equal (1)

Or same or 1:1

PV
(c) PV = nRT (or n = RT ) (1)

Analia Sanchez 31
 980000.0352
= 8.31298 (1)

= 1.39 (1)
Allow 1.390 to 1.395
ignore units even if incorrect
answer = 1.4 loses last mark

1000
–3
(d) 0.732 × 250 = 2.93 (1) mol.dm (1)
3 –1
OR M, mol/dm , mol.l
allow 2.928 to 2.93
Note unit mark tied to current answer but allow unit
mark if answer = 2.9 or 3

25
(e) (i) moles H2SO4 = 1000 × 1.24 = 0.0310
If use m1v1 = m2v2 scores 3 if answer is correct otherwise zero

3
moles NH3 in 30.8 cm = 0.0310 × 2 = 0.0620 (1)
Mark is for ×2
CE if × 2 not used

1000
3 –3
moles of NH3 in 1 dm = 0.620 × 30.8 = 2.01 (1) (mol dm )
Allow 2.010 to 2.015
No units OK, wrong units lose last mark

(ii) moles (NH4)SO4 = moles H2SO4 = 0.310 (1)

Allow consequential wrong moles in part (i) if clear H2SO4=(NH4)SO4
Wrong formula for (NH4)SO4 CE=0

Mr (NH4)SO4 = 132.1 (1)

Allow (132)

mass = moles × Mr = 0.0310 × 132.1 = 4.10 (1)

if moles of (NH4)SO4 not clear CE

Analia Sanchez 32
 (g) wrong unit loses mark
Allow 4.09 – 4.1 – 4.11

(f) Mg3N2 + 6H2O ® 3Mg(OH)2 + 2NH3

Formulae (1)
Balanced equation (1)

2
[16]

Analia Sanchez 33
 averagemass of an entity (1)
12
18. (a) mass of 1 atom of C × 12 (1) 2

(b) simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound 1

(c) (i) %O = 65.7 (1)

32.9 1.40 65.7

: :
C:H:O = 12 1 16 (1)

= 1.96: 1 : 2.93

= C2 HO3 (1)

(ii) C4 H2 O6 (1) 4

mass 1000

Mr 16
(d) (i) (1) = 62.5 (1)

0.0625 scores one

(ii) pV= nRT (1)

(1)
nRT 2 62.5 8.31298

V= P 100000 (1)

10 m3
= 3. (1)

(allow consequential marking but if factor of 2 in missing max = 2) 6

[13]

19. Avogadro’s number of molecules (1)

23 12
allow 6 to 6.1 × 10 molecules OR No. of atoms in 12g of C 1

[1]

20. (a) Avogadro’s 1

(b) (i) pV=nRT (1)

Analia Sanchez 34
 nRT m
allow {V= P etc., pV= Mr RT

nRT
V= P
(ii)

1 8 31298
= 100 000 (1)
3
= 0.0248 m (1)

(allow 0.0247 to 0.025)

allow use of 100 for P if 3

ans given as 24.8 dm

pV 5000000.005
(iii) n= RT = 8.31273 (1)
s
(treat 500 as AE–1 other values l 2mar
st
0.005/1000 loses 1 two marks

= 1.10mol (1)
(allow 1.1 to 1.11)

Mr (CO2) = 44 (1)
treat wrong Mr as AE–1

mass = 44×1.10 = 48.5 (g) (1)

(allow 48–49)
P1V1
3 st
(note can use calculation involving T and 22.4 dm instead of 1 mark -
requires same accuracy for full marks)

100
(c) moles HC1 = 1000 × 5.0 = 0.5(0)(mol) (1)

moles HC1
moles H2 = 2 (1) = 0.25 (mol)
(if no factor of 2 CE = O from here)

mass H2 = 0.25×2 = 0.5(0) (g) (1) 3

(d) (i) %O = 44.4 (1)

(if incorrect %O, AE–1)
(if %O omitted can score max 1 for FeC2)

Analia Sanchez 35
 38.9 16.7 44.4
ratio Fe:C:O = 55.8 : 12.0 : 16.0 (if use At, CE)
(or 50)

=1:2:4

Fe C2 O4 (1)

(ii) CO (1)
(mark independent of d (ii))

4
[15]

20.0
21. (a) moles of NH3 = 17.0 (1)

moles of HNO3 = moles of NH3 = 1.18

1.18
volume = 2 (1)
3
= 0.588 (1) dm (1) 4

(b) (i) PV = nRT (1)

PV 950000.0500
n = RT = 8.31298 (1)

= 1.92 mol (1)

1.92
(ii) Moles of ammonium nitrate 1.5 (1) 1.28 mol

Mass of ammonium nitrate mass = 1.28 × 80 (1) = 102 g (1) 6

[10]

12
22. 1.99 10 – 23 [[1] = 6.03×1023 (1) 2

[2]
23. (a) mass ratio of O2:KClO3 = 96 / 245.2 ( = 0.392)
–2
or moles of O2 = 3/2 × 1.20 × 10 or equivalent (1)

mass of O2 = 0.392 × 1.47 = 0.576g (1) 2

(b) moles O2 = 1.00/24.00 ( = 0.0417 mol) (1)

Analia Sanchez 36
 moles KClO3 = 2/3 moles O2 = 0.0417 × 2/3 = (0.0278 mol) (1)

mass KClO3 = 0.0278 × 122.6 = 3.4lg (1) 3

give one mark for pV = nRT to get n for O2,

then second and third mark as above

or 2/3 mole of KClO3 ® 1 Mole of O2 (1)

3
81.7g ® 24 dm O2 (1)
81.7
3
24 g = 3.4lg ® 1 dm O2 (1)

penalise other than 2 – 5 sig. figs. once in (d)(i) and (ii)

penalise missing or wrong units once in (d)(i) and (ii)

[5]

24. (a) Mass of each element in the compound (1) 1

(b) Number of atoms of each element in a molecule (1) 1

(c) (i) Mr Ba(NO3)2 = 261 (1)

5
moles Ba(NO3)2 = 261 (1) = 0.0192
1
moles gas = 2 2 × 0.0192 (1) = 0.0479
nRT 0.04798.31298
V= p (1) = 100000
–3 3
= 1.19 ×10 m (1)

(ii) moles HCl = 2 × 0.0192 (1) = 0.0384

0.0384
3 3
vol HCl = 1.2 = 0.032 dm (1) (or 32 cm ) 7
[9]

Analia Sanchez 37
25.

percentage by mass of oxygen = 38.0% (1)

ratio of elements = 42.9/12 : 2.4/1 : 16.7/14 : 38.0/16 (1)
= 3.6 : 2.4 : 1.2 : 2.4
empirical formula is C3H2NO2 (1)
molecular formula is C6H4N2O4 (1) 4
[4]

26.

(a) %H = 18.8 (1)

81.2 18.8
B : H = 10.8 : 1 (1)

= 2 : 5 : B2H5 (1)

(b) B4H10 (1) 4

[4]

27. (a) mean mass of an entity (or molecule) (1) × 12 (1)

12
mass of 1 atom of C 2

12
(b) 1.993 10 – 23 23 (1)
= 6.02 × 10

(allow 6.020 to 6.023) 1

[3]

28.

(b) (i) %F = 42×8 (1)

57 2 42 8
I:F = 127 = 19 (1)

= IF5 (1)

(ii) I2 + 5F2 ® 2IF5 (1) (or × ½) 4

[4]

Analia Sanchez 38
Analia Sanchez 39
29. C 22.24/12 = 1.85 H 3.71/1 = 3.71 Br 74.05/79.9 = 0.927 (1)
ratio C:H:Br = 2:4:1 \C2H4Br (1)
empirical mass = 107.9 \ mol formula = 215.8/107.9 × C2H4Br = C4H8Br2 (1)

must use % to justify answer

or
C (22.24/100) × 215.8 = 47.99 i.e. 48/12 = 4 carbon atoms (1)
H (3.71/100) × 215.8 = 8.01 i.e. 8/1 = 8 hydrogen atoms (1)
Br (74.05/100) × 215.8 = 159.8 i.e. 159.8/79.9 = 2 bromine atoms (1)

or
C (48/215.8) × 100 = 22.24% (1)
H (8/215.8) × 100 = 3.71 % (1)
Br (159.8/215.8) × 100 = 74.05% (1) 3
[3]

Analia Sanchez 40