1

(a)
Explain, in terms of molecules, why it is possible to compress a gas, but not a liquid. 2

(b) Two containers made of insulating material contain the same volume of water at room
temperature. The containers do not have lids. The volume of liquid in each container gradually
decreases.

(i) After a certain time, the temperature of the water has decreased to below room temperature.
Explain, in terms of molecules, why the temperature has decreased. 2

i) One of the containers is wide and shallow. The other container is narrow and deep. Predict
which container has the greater rate of cooling. Explain your answer. 2

2(a)
A student carries out an experiment to find the relationship between the pressure p and the
volume V of a fixed mass of gas. The table contains four of her sets of measurements.

(i) Use the data in the table to suggest the relationship between the pressure and the
volume in this experiment. Explain how you reach your conclusion. 2

(ii) State the property of the gas, apart from the mass, that remains constant during the
experiment. 1

(b)
A lake is 5.0 m deep. The density of the water is 1000 kg / m3.
(i) Calculate the pressure at the bottom of the lake due to this depth of water.

pressure = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) A bubble of gas escapes from the mud at the bottom of the lake and rises to the surface.
Place one tick in each row of the table to indicate what happens to the volume, the mass and
the density of the gas in the bubble. Assume that no gas or water vapor enters or leaves the
bubble. 2
3.Fig. 5.1 shows a saucepan of boiling water on an electric hotplate.

As time passes, thermal energy (heat) is constantly supplied to the water but its temperature
remains at 100°C.
(a) State two ways in which boiling differs from evaporation.
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[2]
(b) Explain, in terms of the water molecules, what happens to the thermal energy supplied to the
water as it boils.
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Describe an experiment to measure the specific latent heat of steam. You may include a
diagram. [4]
4. On a hot day, sweat forms on the surface of a person’s body and the sweat evaporates.
Explain, in terms of the behavior of molecules,
(i) the process of evaporation,
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(ii) how this process helps the body to cool down.
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[3]

5 (a) Fig. 5.1 shows a tank used for evaporating salt solution to produce crystals.

Suggest two ways of increasing the rate of evaporation of the water from the solution. Changes
may be made to the apparatus, but the rate of steam supply must stay constant. You may
assume the temperature of the salt solution remains constant.
1. ......................................................................................................................................
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(b) A manufacturer of liquid-in-glass thermometers changes the design in order to meet new
requirements.
Describe the changes that could be made to
(i) give the thermometer a greater range,
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(ii) make the thermometer more sensitive.
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