STATISTCAL COMPUTING ANDR PROGRAMMING MANNUAL 1. Write a R program Take the input_from the user include_name.age,class,section.register number,phone_number,address. Definition: > To readline () function is used read the line > as.integer () is used to convert the character to number Source code: my.name <-readiine(prompt="Enter the name: ") my.age <-readline(prompt="Enter the age: ") #comert character into integer my.age <-as.integer(my.age) # Take user input for chiss class <-readline("Enter your class: ") # Take user input for course class <- readline("Enter your course: ") # Take user input for section section <- readiine("Enter_your section: *) # Take user input for register. number register_number <-readiine("Enter your register number: ") # Take user input for phone number phone_number <- readline("Enter your phone number: ") t # Take user input for address address <- readline("Enter your address: ") # Display the collected information ") prin(paste("Hi", my.name, "next year you will be", my.age+1, "years old.”)) cat("Class:", class, "\n") cat("Section:", section, "\n") cat("Register Number’, register_number, "\n) cat("\nUser Information:cat("Phone Number:', phone_number, "\n') cat("Address:", address, "\n") Output: Enter the name: SANDYA Enter the age: 24 Enter your class: 3rd BC A Enter your course: Bachelor of Application Enter your section: A Enter your register number: U01BE20456 Enter your phone number: 9586741236 Enter your address: #345 2nd Main,3rd Cross J P Nagara Mysuru User, Information: [1] "Hi SANDYA next year you will be 25 years old." Class: Bachelor of Application Section: A Register Number: U01BE20456 Phone Number: 9586741236 Address: #345 2nd Main, 3rd Cross J P Nagara Mysuru 2.To Display the multiplication _of the table to take the input from the user and directly given to num = as.integer(readline(prompt = "Enter a number: ")) # use for loop to iterate 10 times for(i in 1:12) { prin(paste(num,'x’, i, } num*i)) mum = 6 for(i in 1:12) ( print(paste(num,'x’, i, ’, num*i)) num = 12 fori in 1:12) { print(paste(numx’, ) OUTPUT:U1] "2 x5=10" (1) '2x6=12" ty '2x7 UJ 2x8 [1] "2x9 = 18" [1 "6x11 ("12x1 (1) "12 x2 [1] "12 x3=36" [1] "12 x4=48" [1] "12 x5=60" [1] "12 x6=72" U1) "12 x7=384" [1] "12 x8=96" [1] "12 x 9= 108" [1] "12 x 10= 120" UJ "12 x 11 = 132" [1] "12 x 12 = 144"3.Write aR program To find out sumofnatural numbers. Definition of Natural numbers: Natural numbers area part of the number system inching all the positive numbers from 1 to infinity Formula for calculate the sum: Sumen(n+1)/2 Source code: num =asinteger{readline(prompt = "Enter a number: ")) iftoum <0) ( prit("Enter a postive number") Jebe ( sum = (num. * (num + 1)) / 2; ptint(paste("The sum é", sum) } Output: Enter anumber: 5 [1] "The sum is 15" 3.Write aR program To find the largest of three numbers Definition: The largest element_of a number is the number with the highest_numerical_value_of the three numbers, Source code: # Function to ind the knpst of three numbers find_largest <- funetion(a, b,c) { if @>=b && a>=o) { return(a) J ebe if (b >=a && b>=c) { retumn(b) }ebe { return(c) }# Input three numbers num <- as.numeric(readline("Enter the first number: ")) num2_<- as.numerie(readline("Enter the second number: ")) num3 <-as.numeric(readline("Enter the third number: ")) gest < finc_largest(numl, mum2, nun3) ccat("The largest number among’, numl, ",", num2, ", and", num3, "is", largest, "\n') Output: Enter the first number: 65 Enter the second number: 45Enter the third number: 78 ‘The largest number among 65,45, and 78 is 78 5.Write a R program To check given number is Prime number or not Definition of prime number: Number in which is divisible by I and itself is called prime ‘number. Ex1,3,5,7.11,13,17,23,29.. Source code: num=as.integer(readline(prompt="Enter a numb flag =0 iffoum > 1) { # check for factorsflag = 1 ford in 2(num-1)) { if (um %% i) == 0) (flag =0 breakprnt(paste(num,"is a prime matber")) Jebe { Prin(paste(num,"is not a prime nurber’)) } Output: Enter anumber: 12 [1] '"12is not aprime number" Enter anumber: 5 [1] "Sis a prime number” 6.Write a R program To create calculator. Definition: To perform basic calculations and use various mathematical functions directly in the R consol: or in your R script. Here are some common calculator-like operations and functions in R: 1 Basic Arithmetic Operations: + Addition: + + Subtraction: ~ + Mutiplication: * + Division: / + Exponentiation: Source code +# Function to perform addition add <- function(a, b) { return(a +b) } #Funetion to perform subtraction subtract <- fimetion(a, b) { retum(a -b) } +# Function toperform mukipfcation muiply <- function(a, b) { retum(a *b)} # Furetion to perform division divide < function(a, b) { (b==0){ retun("Division by zero is not allowed, }ebe { retur(a /b) } } # Main calculator loop while (TRUE) ( cat(’Simple Caleulatorin’) cat("I. Addition\n") ccat("2.. Subtraction\n") cat("3. Multplication\n") cat("4. Division\n") cat("5. Quit\n") choice <-as.integer(readline("Enter your choice (1-5; if (choice ==5) { cat("Exiting the calculator. Goodbye to everyone!\n’) break } if (choice <1 || choice >5){ cai(Invalid chove, Pkase enter a valid option.\n") next } num <- as.numeric(readline("Enter the first number: ")) num? <-as.numeric(readline("Enter the second number: "))result <- switeh( choice, "Y" =add(numl, num2), subtract(numl, num2), "3" = multiply(num1, num2), "4" =divide(numl, rund) ) cat(‘Result: ", resuit, yin") } Output: Simple Calculator 1. Addition 2. Subtraction: 3. Mutiplication 4. Division 5. Quit Enter your choice (1-5): 1 Enter the first. number: 25 Enter the second number: 24 Result: 49 Simple Calculator 1. Addition 2. Subtraction 3. Multiplication 4. Division 5. Quit Enter your choice (1-5): 2 Enter the first_ number: 25 Enter the second number: 24 Result: 1 Simple Calculator 1. Addition 2. Subtraction 3. Muttiplication 4. Division 5. Quit Enter your choice (1-5):3 Enter the first number: 26 Enter the second number: 2 Result: 523 Simple Calculator 1. Addition Enter your choice (I~ Enter the first number: 12 Enter the second number: Result: 4 Simple Calculator 1. Addition 3. Multiplication 4. Division Enter your choice (1-5):5 Exiting. the calcutor. Goodbye to everyone! 3. Multiplication 5. Quit 4. Division 2. Subtraction 5S. Quit 2. Subtraction7..Write a R program to check given number is evenor odd number. Definition : An even number is a whole number that is divisible by 2 without leaving_a remainder. In other words, when you divide an even number by 2, the result is a whole number, Even numbers are typically expressed as 2n, where “nis an integer, Examples of even numbers include: 246810 Odd number: an odd number _is a whole number that is_not divisible by 2 without leaving a remainder. When you divide_an odd number by 2, you will_have a remainder_of 1 Odd numbers_are often expressed_as 2n + 1, where ‘n'' is an integer. Exampks of odd numbers include: 13579 Source code: #Function to check if a number is oddoreven check_odd_even <- function(number) { if (number %% 2 == 0) ( return("Even") Jele { return("Odd") # Input number to check input_number b less_than_or_equal_to <- # Miscellaneous operators modulus <-a%% b exponentiation <- a2 cat("Relational operators:\n") cat(paste("a >", greater_than, "\n')) cat(paste("a <= b:", less_than_or_equal_to, "\n"))i cat("\nMiscellaneous operators\n") ccat(paste("a 9% b (modulus):", modulus, "\n")) ccat(paste("a"2 (exponentiation):", exponentiation, "\n")) # Control Structures with ‘else if” ladder if (greater_than) { cat(‘a is greater than b\n") ) ese if (!greater_than) { cat("a is not greater than b\n") } else { cat("a and b are equalin") } # Repeat loop x<55 repeat { cat(paste("Value of x", x, "wn')) x57){ break } } # Default values for arguments add_numbers <- function(x, y = 10) { xty }result <-add_numbers(5) #y takes its default value (10) resul <- add_numbers(5, 20) # y is provided as 20 cat("\nDefault values for arguments:\n") cat(paste("add_numbers(5):", resultl, "\n")) cat(paste("add_numbers(5, 20):", result2, "\n")) # Create a complex object using a list person < list( name = "John", age = 30, address = list steet = "K T STREET", city = "MYSURU", zip = "571104" a hobbies = c("Reading", "Hiking", "Cooking") ) # Access and display the complex object ‘Name: ", person$name, "\n’,"Age: ", personSage, "\n") : ", personSaddress$street, "\n","City: ", personSaddressScity, ", personSaddress$zip, "\n") :", paste(personShobbies, collapse = Enter the First Number’S Enter the Second Number Relational operators: Miscellaneous operators: 4.%% b (modulus): 1a°2 (exponentiation): 25 ais greater than b Value of x: 55 Value of x: 56 Value of x: 57 Default values for arguments: add_numbers(5): 15 add_numbers(5, 20): 25 Street: KT STREET City: MYSURU Zip: 571104 Hobbies: Reading, Hiking, Cooking 15.Write a R program to implement_area of circle, rectangle using $3 S4and S5 (reference class). DEFINITION: S3 Class:Syntax class name <: lst(classname,classmembers) class name [Object / create object name S4 class: Syntax setClass ("name of the class", member variable) objectnameLinew(classname, value of the member variable) Objectname SS class:Syntax ClassnameCisetRefClass(name of the class,member variable) objectname<-classname(name of the class,value of the member) objectnameSS ae Oro ee Sea TELS Be aa elma Reco Lory * Formula: Area = length width eRe Ur Reet the rectangle. 3. Triangl Formula (for a triangle with base b EUR a.) ee ae base x height SOURCE CoD! # Define functions to calculate area of circle, rectangle, and triangle using S3 method circle_area <- function(radius) ( return(pi * radius*2) } radius <- 5 cirele_area_s3 <- circle_area(radius) cat("Area of Circle ($3):", circle_area_s # Define S4class for Rectangle setClass(’Rectangke", representation(length = "numeric", width = “numeric")) # Define methods to calculate area for circle and rectangle setGeneric(“area", function(object) standardGeneric("area")) setMethod(“area", "Rectangle", finction(object) object@kngth * object @ width) # Usage rectangl2 <-new("Rectangle”, length = 4, width = 6)cat("Area of rectangk(s4):"area(rectangle2)) # Calculate area of rectangle Triangle <- setRefClass( “Triangle”, fields = list(base = "numeric", height = “numeric"), methods = list( calculate_area = function() { retum(0,5 * base * height) 1 ) ) # Create objects of Circle, Rectangle, and Triangle classes triangle <- TriangkSnew(base = 3, height = 8) triangle_area_s5_<- triangleScalculate_area() cat("\n Area of Triangle (S5):", triangle_area_s5, "\n") oUuTPUT: Area of Circle: 78.53982 Area of Rectangle: 24 Area of Triangle: 10.5 1 Write a R program To find mean, median,variance.range using functio1 . Mean: It's the average of a set of numbers. You find it by adding up all the values and dividing by the count of those values. For example, for the numbers 2, 4, 6, 8, the mean is (2+ 4 +6+ 8)/4=5. . Median: It’s the middk value in a dataset when the valves are arranged in ascending or descending order. If there's an even number of values, the median is the average of the two middle numbers. For instance, in the set 3, 7, 9, 12, 15, the median is 9. If you have 2, 4, 6, 8, the median is (4 + 6)/2=5.3. Variance: I's a measure of how spread out the numbers in a dataset are. It tells you the average of the squared differences from the mean. Larger variance means the data points are more spread out from the mean. Calculating variance involves finding the difference between each value and the mean, squaring those differences, adding them up, and then dividing by the count of values. 4. Range: It's the difference between the highest and lowest values in a dataset. For example, in the set 2, 4, 6, 8, the range is 8 -2=6. SOURCE CODE: # Funetion to calculate mean calculate_mean <- function(data) { return(mean(data)) } # Function to cal ate median calculate_median <- function(data) { return(median(data)) 1 # Function to calculate variance calculate_variance <- function(data) { return(var(data)) } +# Function to calculate range calculate_range <- function(data) { return(max(data) - min(data)) } # Example data dataset <- 6(25, 30, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 85, 90, 95) # Calculate statistics mean_value < calculate_mean(dataset)median_value <- calculate_median(dataset) variance_value <- cakculate_variance(dataset) range_value <- calculate_range(dataset) # Printing the calculated statistics cat(" cat("Median:", median_value, "\n") cat("Variance:’, variance_value, "\n") jean:", mean_value, "\n" cat("Range:", range_value, "\n") OUTPUT: Mean: 63 Median: 65 Variance: 623.3333, Range: 70 17.Write a R program To implent using Bernoulli,Binomial,Poisson distributions mean Bernoulli Distribution: A Bernoulli distribution models a random experiment with ‘two possible outcomes, typically labeled as success (usually denoted as 1) and failure (usually denoted as 0). + Mean (n):p + Variance (o”): p * (1 - p). . Binomial Distribution:A binomial distribution represents the number of successes in a fixed number of independent Bernoulli trials, each with the same probability of success, + Mean (i):n *p, where nis the number of trials and pis the probability of success in each trial «Variance (on * p*(1-p), Poisson Distribution A Poisson distribution models the number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time or space when these events occur with a known constant mean rate and independently of the time since the last event. + Mean (1): The mean of a Poisson distribution is A (lambda), which represents the average rate of occurrence of the event. + Variance (6): (lambda). In a Poisson distribution, both the mean and variance are equal SOURCE CODE: i i i# Set seed for reproducibility set.seed(123) # Function to generate random numbers from Bemoulli_ distribution gen Ber_Ran_Num <- function(prob, 1) { retur(rbinom(n, 1, prob)) } # Function to generate random numbers from Binomial distribution gen_Bin_Ran_Num <-function(size, prob, n) { retum(rbinom(n, size, prob)) } +# Function to generate random numbers from Poisson distribution gen Pois_Ran_Num <- function(ambda, 1) { retun(rpois(n, lambda)) } +# Function to cakulate basic statistics for a given dataset cakulateStatistics <-fimetion(data) ( return(c( ‘mean = mean(data), variance = var(data) » } # Set parameters for distributions prob_bernoulli <- 0.3 size_binomial <- 10 prob_binomial <- 0.5lambda_poisson <-3 sampk_size <- 10 # Generate random numbers from diferent distributions bernoulli_data <- gen Ber_Ran_Num (prob_bemoull, sample_size) binomial_data <- gen_Bin_Ran_Num(size_binomial, prob_binomial, sample_size) poisson_data <- gen_Pois_Ran_Num(lambda_poisson, sample_size) #Ca ‘ulate statistics for each distribution stats_bernoulli <- cakculateStatisties(bernoulli_data) stats_binomial <- calculateStatistics(binomial_data) stats_poisson <- calculateStatistics(poisson_data) # Print results cat("Bemoulli Distribution Statistics:\n") print(stats_bernoulli) cat("\nBinomial Distribution Statistics:\n") print(stats_binomial) cat("\nPoisson Distribution Statistics:\n") print(stats_poisson) ourrut: Bernoulli Distribution Statistics: mean variance 0.400000 0.2666667 Binomial Distribution Statistics: mean variance 5.200000 4.177778 Poisson Distribution Statistics: mean variance 3.700000 3.5666618.Write a R program for any visual representation of an object with creating graphs using graphic functions: Plot(),Hist(),Linechart(, Pie(),Boxplot(),Scatterplots(). DEFINITION: 1. Plot(): The plot() function is a general method used to create a plot or a chart. It can generate different types of plots like line plots, scatter plots, and more, depending on the programming language or library being used. 2. Hist(): The hist() function is used to create a histogram, which is a graphical representation of, the distribution of numerical data. It displays the frequencies of different values within specified ranges. 3. Linechart(): A Linechart( or plot() with lines typically represents data points connected by straight lines. It's commonly used to disphy trends or changes in data over time or any continuous variable. 4. Pie(): The pie() fimction generates a pie chart, a circular statistical graphic divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportions. Each slice represents a proportion of the whole. 5. Boxplot(): The boxplot() function creates a box-and-whisker plot, which displays the distribution of a dataset along a single axis. It shows the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum of a set of data. 6. Scatterplots(): The scatterplot() fiction generates a scatter plot, which represents data asa collection of points on a two-dimensional plane. Each point represents the value of two different variables. Source code: # Generating data for plotting x< 1:10 yor # Cre g apt plot(x, y, type ="o", col = "blue", main = "Plot of y= x2", xlab = "X-axis", ylab = "Y-axis") # Creating a histogram hist(xy, col = "skyblue", main = "Histogram ", xlab = "X-axis", ylab = "Y-axis")# Creating a tine chart plot(x, y, type = I’, col = "red", main = "Line Chart: y = x42", xlab = "X-axis", ylab = "Y- axis") # Creating a pie chart labels <- c("Category A", "Category B", "Category C”, "Category D") pie(x, labels = labels, col = rainbow(length(x)), main = "Pie Chart") # Creating a boxplot boxplot(y, col = "darkblue", main = "Boxplot") # Sample data vectors age <- (5, 6, 7, 8,9) # Ages of children in years height <- c(3.2, 3.5, 3.6, 3.9, 4.1) # Heights of children in feet # Creating a scatter plot plot(age, height, main = "Scatter Plot of Age vs Height", "Age (years)", ylab = "Height (feet)") xlab = OUTPUT:onc Pie Chart Category D Category C Category B Category A