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Anaphora and Cataphora References in Netflix Series
Locke and Key
Referensi Anaphora dan Cataphora pada Serial Netflix Locke and Key
Juan Franco Kolo Sae1, I Nengah Laba2*, Ni Luh Desy Suari Dewi3
1,2,3
Prodi Sastra Inggris, Universitas Dhyana Pura, Bali, Indonesia
Article info
Keywords: Abstract
Pragmatic, Anaphora This study aims to find out the types of anaphora and cataphora references
and cataphora in dialogue Netflix Series Locke and Key. This study used the Ruslan
reference, Netflix Mitkov’s (2013) theory for the six types of anaphora references:
series. pronominal anaphoric, lexical now anaphoric, noun anaphoric, verb
anaphoric, adverb anaphoric, zero anaphoric. Yule’s (1996) theory for
the cataphora references. The qualitative method was used in this study
where the data was taken from dialogue series Locke and Key that can be
accessed from official Netflix website. The analysis showed in this series
whit the calculation of the data 58 findings with the classification 26
references in pronominal anaphoric, 12 references in lexical noun phrase,
2 references in noun anaphoric, 3 references in verb anaphoric, 3
references in adverb anaphoric, 2 references in zero anaphoric and 10
references in cataphora.
Kata kunci: Abstrak
Pragmatic, Anaphora Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis referensi anafora dan
and cataphora katafora dalam dialog Netflix Series Locke and Key. Penelitian ini
reference, Netflix menggunakan teori Ruslan Mitkov (2013) untuk enam jenis referensi
series. anafora: pronominal anaphoric, lexical now anaphoric, noun anaphoric,
verb anaphoric, adverb anaphoric, zero anaphoric. Teori Yule (1996)
untuk referensi cataphora. Metode kualitatif yang digunakan dalam
penelitian ini dimana data diambil dari serial dialog Locke and Key yang
dapat diakses dari website resmi Netflix. Analisis menunjukkan dalam seri
ini dengan perhitungan data 58 temuan dengan klasifikasi. 26 references
in pronominal anaphoric, 12 references in lexical noun phrase, 2
references in noun anaphoric, 3 references in verb anaphoric, 3 references
in adverb anaphoric, 2 references in zero anaphoric and 10 references in
cataphora.
INTRODUCTION
Pragmatics is a branch of linguistics that studies of speaker meaning of words
(Yule,1996:3). Meanwhile, (Levinson,1983: 5) stated that pragmatics is the study of
language use, that is, the study of the relationship between language and context, which is
essential to an account of language comprehension. Communication is a process of
transmitting and receiving verbal and non-verbal messages (Murphy, Hildebrandt,
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Thomas., 1997), to receiving the messages people often used references. (Yule, 1996:17)
Stated reference as an act in which a speaker, or writer, uses linguistic forms to enable a
listener, or reader, to identify something. Referring words are words, such as pronouns, that
point back to other items in a text (anaphoric reference) or point ahead to a later part of the
text (cataphoric reference).
Anaphoric focuses on presenting things that are actually the same as entities that
are turned by antecedents (Yule,1996:37). According to Yule (1996:22), anaphora is the
subsequent reference for a reference that has been introduced. According to Yule
(1996:38), a cataphoric reference is one in which the pronoun still refers to the reference
indicated in the next word despite the fact that it was not introduced earlier in the phrase.
This study used anaphora reference theory based on Ruslan Mitkov (2013) with
focus with six types of anaphora: pronominal anaphoric, lexical noun phrase anaphoric,
noun anaphoric, verb anaphoric, adverb anaphoric, and zero anaphoric that found in Netflix
series Locke and Key. The first example of the analysis following the dialogue “Bode: But
it only worked for me, not Kinsey. She couldn't go to the Eiffel Tower.” “Kinsey” became
antecedent from “she” as a third-person personal and the second example based on
dialogue: but there's this scary well lady. who's trying to get the keys, So I need to protect
them. In this sentence, “who” is the relative pronoun followed by “scary well lady” as the
antecedent, and “keys” became antecedent from “them” as a third-person personal based
on Ruslan Mitkov (2013) of the dialogue of Netflix series Locke and key. From explanation
before this study focused to find out the types of anaphora and cataphora that were used in
series Locke and Key.
METHOD
The data of this research are utterances in dialogue which contain anaphoric
references. The data source in this study was series on Netflix platform name Locke and
Key that can be accessed on official Netflix website https://www.netflix.com/. The series
Locke and Key released on February, 7th 2020. In this series, storied about After their father
died, 3 brothers moved with their mother to their ancestral house. They find magical keys
that unlock various powers and secrets. The data was access on March until June. Since
most Indonesians like watching supernatural movies, this Netflix series Locke and Key is
intriguing to talk about. Additionally, according on Netflix ratings, many people like this
series since the plot is exciting, intriguing, and difficult to predict.
The observation method was used in this research to gather the data. The
observation method is utilized in research, particularly qualitative research, as well as in
evaluation. The series' conversation was devoted to categorizing the references found in
data that is fragmented into sentences. In collecting data, all episodes of Locke and Key
series were watched on official Netflix website. Second, the dialogues from Locke and Key
series were gathered. Next, the data were analyzed in order to identify and categorize the
utterances that contain the anaphoric and cataphoric reference. Finally, the analysis was
formulated and the conclusions were made based on the findings.
The data analysis in this study used the descriptive qualitative method to describe and
analyze the data, in order to determine the research objectives, three procedures are used to
examine the data. The following are the steps in the data analysis method: First, the Locke
and Key series was watched and note taken by researcher. Second, anaphora and cataphora
references was sorted by writer, discovered it, and described its types found in Netflix's
Locke and Key, and third, the data was analyzed use Ruslan Mitkov and Yule theories. One
example of analysis following the data: My mom can't remember magic, so she'd blame
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Research Article e-ISSN: 2963-0924
herself.? In this data, “She” in this sentence are the pronominal anaphoric to “My mom”
and follow by “herself” as reflexive.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Result
The analysis in this subchapter is divided into two sections. The key component to
be analyzed is the first section, which is an analysis of the content, specifically sorts of
anaphoric reference conducted in the Locke and Key series. According to Ruslan Mitkov's
theory (2013:41), the data may be divided into six sorts of anaphoric references:
pronominal, lexical noun phrase, noun, verb, adverb, zero anaphoric, and cataphora. The
second section examines the utterances that relate to each sort of anaphoric reference.
Tabel 1. Types of Anaphora and Cataphora Reference
No Tahun Total
1 Pronominal Anaphoric 11 Data
2 Lexical Noun Phrase Anaphoric 5 Data
3 Noun Anaphoric 1 Data
4 Verb Anaphoric 1 Data
5 Adverb Anaphoric 1 Data
6 Zero Anaphoric 1 Data
Discussion
1. Pronominal Anaphoric
The set of anaphoric pronouns, according to Ruslan Mitkov (2013:47),
includes all third-person personal (he, him, she, her, it, they, them), possessive (his,
her, hers, its, their, theirs), and reflexive (himself, herself, itself, themselves) pronouns,
as well as demonstrative (this, that, these, those) and relative (who, whom, which,
whose) pronouns in both singular (where and when are anaphoric too). The analysis
of pronominal anaphoric in Locke and Key Series will be presented as follow:
(Data 1)
Bode: But it only worked for me, not Kinsey. She couldn't go to the Eiffel Tower.
In data number 1, “Kinsey” became antecedent from “she” as a third-person personal.
(Data 2)
Scot: on a final girl scale of zero to Jamie Lee, she's getting a six and that's being
generous.
In data number 2, the analysis “Jamie Lee” became antecedent from “she” as a third-
person personal.
(Data 3)
Bode: My mom's in trouble. I used the key, and then she went through my mirror
In data number 3, “My mom’s” became antecedent from “she” as a third-person
personal.
(Data 4)
Bode: Guys, help, it's Mom!
Kinsey: What's the matter?
Bode: She went through my mirror!
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In this sentence, the analysis “Mom” became antecedent from “she” as a third-person
personal.
(Data 5)
Kinsey: I'm applying to Parsons, for their summer program.
In this sentence, ‘Parsons” became antecedent from “their” as a possessive
(Data 6)
Scot: Now here's a girl, who is clearly trying to play down how cool she is.
In this sentence, “who” is the relative pronoun followed by “girl” as the antecedent
and “she” is antecedent from “girl” as a third-person personal.
(Data 7)
Tyler: If Dad used the keys, why wouldn't he have told us?
Bode: Probable he forgot.
In this sentence, the analysis “Dad” became antecedent from “he” as a third-person
personal.
(Data 8)
Bode: Okay, I didn’t tell you this before, but there's this scary well lady. who's trying
to get the keys, So I need to protect them.
In this sentence, “who” is the relative pronoun followed by “scary well lady” as the
antecedent, and “keys” became antecedent from “them” as a demonstrative.
(Data 9)
Ellie: Duncan saw what happen. We have no choice. We had to remove his memories
put them some place he wouldn't find them.
“Duncan” is the antecedent of “his” as the possessive, and “memories” became
antecedent from “them” as a demonstrative.
(Data 10)
Ellie: Dodge, that was my nickname for him.
In this sentence, “Dodge” is the antecedent of “him” as the third person personal.
(Data 11)
Scot: Eden okay?
Kinsey: Yeah, she'll be fine.
In this sentence, “Eden’ is the antecedent of “she” as the third person personal
pronoun.
2. Lexical Noun Phrase Anaphoric
(Data 1)
Duncan: Welcome to Key House!
Bode: We have a house with a name!
Duncan: Well, puns are a Locke family tradition.
Nina: How was Boston? It was good.
Duncan: I wanted to get you guys something to mark the occasion of coming to your
ancestral home for the first time.
In this data, “key house’ actually can be the proper name from the word “ancestral
home”
(Data 2)
Bode: I used the key, and then she went through my mirror. and now I don't know how
to get her out! Can you help me? Echo!
Dodge: I'll help you, Bode. But if we're gonna save your mom
In this data, the word “you” to refer the anaphoric pronoun from “Echo” and “Bode”,
and same the word “we” are refer to the anaphoric pronoun from “Echo” and “bode”
(Data 3)
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Dodge: The best is the key that can take you anywhere in the world. you wanna go if
you know how to use it. It's made of gold and has six interlinked circles.
Bode: Where can I find them? You listen for them.
Dodge: They whisper, Bode. Have you heard any whispering in Key House? Bode:
Yes...
Dodge: They'll only call to people who are very special. Like you.
In this data, there are two lexical noun phrase. First the word “gold and has six
interlinked circles” has a definite description of “The key” and “people who are very
special” has a definite description of “Bode”. Second, the word “the key” has been
refer to anaphoric pronoun “they” and “Bode” has been refer to anaphoric pronoun
“you”.
(Data 4)
Tyler: Hey, man. This is my sister, Kinsey. What up?
In this data, the word “Kinsey” actually can be the proper name from the word “my
sister”
(Data 5)
Joe: Your son Tyler is in my English class.
Nina: How's he doing?
Joe: Well, it's only been two days, and I usually wait until at least day three before I
make any big judgments about my students' character. I can already tell that he's a
bright kid.
In this data, the words “my student” and “bright kid” that has a definite description of
“Tyler”
3. Noun Anaphoric
Noun phrase anaphoric should not be confused with the anaphoric relation between a
non-lexical proform and the head noun or nominal group of a noun phrase, according
to Ruslan Mitkov (2013:41). The following noun anaphoric statements may be found
in this dialogue.
(Data 1)
Dodge: Did you find any keys?
Bode: I found that anywhere key you told me about. But it only worked for me, not
Kinsey.
In this data, “keys” constitutes an example of noun anaphora. It is point to the noun
“anywhere key”
4. Verb Anaphoric
Ruslan Mitkov (2013:41) claims that a verb's anaphoric relationship to its antecedent
in the previous phrase determines whether it is anaphoric. The following are some
verb anaphoric statements from this speech:
(Data 1)
Kinsey: Guess we have the whole place to ourselves.
The interpretation of “have” is determined by its anaphoric relation to its antecedent,
that word stands for the verb “guess”
5. Adverb Anaphoric
According to Ruslan Mitkov (2013: 41), inversion adverbs are often marked by a
location such as (there) or similar time (then). adverb analysis anaphor is found in
Erdogan's speech as follows:
Bode: I used the key, and then she went through my mirror.
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In this data, the word “than” stand for “I used the key”. Adverb of this type is
6. Zero anaphoric
The final significant class of anaphoric, according to Ruslan Mitkov (2013:41), is zero
anaphoric. Since they are not outwardly expressed by a word or phrase, zero anaphors
are unseen anaphors that do not first appear to exist. Zero anaphoric not found in this
study.
CONCLUSION
After going through the process of data collection and analysis in series Locke and
Key, the writer made conclusion. Based on the data finding and analysis the types of
anaphoric reference found in Locke and Key, the writer concluded that there are six types
of anaphoric reference found in this series whit the calculation of the data 20 findings with
the classification 11 references in pronominal anaphoric, 5 references in lexical noun
phrase, 1 reference in noun anaphoric, 1 reference in verb anaphoric, 1 reference in adverb
anaphoric, 1 reference in zero anaphoric.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My most enormous gratitude goes Jesus The Lord for the blessing, guidance, and
love until the writer finished this article, Dhyna Pura University, my parents, sisters, and
brother also my lovely friend who always support and give advice to the writer.
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