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MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLd Topic 1

MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLd topic 1

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Maria Nova Ortiz
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18 views6 pages

MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLd Topic 1

MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLd topic 1

Uploaded by

Maria Nova Ortiz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND THE WORLD

Have you ever thought of the ff. questions?


 What does mathematics have to do with nature?
 What is mathematics about and what it is for?
 What is a mathematical pattern?

TYPES OF PATTERN IN NATURE

1.Symmetry
According to the American Heritage Dictionary, symmetry is an exact correspondence
of form and constituent configuration on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane or
about a center or an axis.
It indicates that you can draw an imaginary line across an object and the resulting parts
are mirror images of each other.

a. Reflection Symmetry
It is also called mirror symmetry or line symmetry. It is made with a line going through
an object which divides it into two pieces which are mirror images of each other. This is
often termed as bilateral symmetry as it divides the object into two (“bi “ means two)
mirror images.

b. Rotational Symmetry
It is also called radial symmetry. In Biology, this kind of symmetry is exhibited by objects
when their similar parts are regularly arranged around a central axis and the pattern
looks the same after a certain amount of rotation. Note that if you rotate the given
images below by several degrees, you can still achieve the same appearance as the
original position.

as the original position.


c. Translational Symmetry
This kind of symmetry is exhibited by objects which do not change its size and shape
even if it moved to another location. Note that the movement does not involve with
reflection or rotation.
A shape exhibits translational symmetry if displacement in some direction-horizontal or
vertical, returns the shape to its original configuration.
Even if the comb or brick is moved to another location, the pattern will still remain.

2. Fractals
These are never-ending patterns that are self-similar across different scales. The image
just reappears over and over again no matter how many times the object is magnified.

3.Spirals
These are curved patterns made by series of circular shapes revolving around a central
point.
4. Spots and stripes
Patterns are also exhibited in the external appearances of animals.

5. Flower Petals
Flowers are easily considered as things of beauty. Their vibrant colors and fragrant
odors make them very appealing as gifts or decorations. The flowers below have
different number of petals. Flowers with 5 petals are said to be the most common.
Notice that these numbers are all Fibonacci numbers.

6. Number Patterns and Sequences


Number patterns are groups of numbers that follow rules. They can use input/output
tables to create sequences.

1. A,C,E,G,I,K, M,O____Q
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
The Fibonacci numbers are a series of number that often occur in nature. This number
sequence was developed in the Middle Ages, and it was named after Leonardo Pisano
Bigollo, a famous Italian mathematician who also happened to
discover Fibonacci. He is the greatest European mathematician of the
middle ages. He was born in 1170 and died in 1240. He introduced the
Arabic number system in Europe.
Fibonacci is a short term for the latin filius bonacci, which means “the
son of Bonacci”.

Fibonacci sequence is an integer in the infinite sequence 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13…The


sequence begins with zero or one. Each subsequent number is found by getting the
sum of two preceding numbers. For instance, 2 is found by adding the two numbers
before it which are 1 and 1; 3 is found by adding 1 and 2; 5 is found by adding 2 and 3;
and so on.

The Fibonacci Sequence can be written as a “Rule” First, the terms are numbered from 0
onwards.

So the term number 6 is called 𝐹6 which is equal to 8

So we can write the rule: 𝑋𝑛 = 𝑋𝑛−1 + 𝑋𝑛−2


Where:

𝐹𝑛 = is the term number “n”

𝐹𝑛−1 = is the previous term (n – 1 )

𝐹𝑛−2 = is the term before that (n – 2)


Binet Formula: is an explicit formula used to find the nth term of the Fibonacci Sequence.

The Golden Ratio - In mathematics, two quantities


are
in the golden ratio if their ratio is the same as the ratio of
their
sum to the larger of the two quantities. The symbol ϕ (phi) is
used to denote the value of the golden ratio which is
approximately
Equal to 1.618034… ( The digits just keep on going, with no pattern).

n n
φ −(1− φ)
F n=
√5

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