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2.1 Identifying The Substance of Genes

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137 views6 pages

2.1 Identifying The Substance of Genes

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osama
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name Class Date

Bio 10: 12.1 Identifying the Substance of


Genes
Bacterial Transformation
1. What happened when Griffith injected mice with the pneumonia-causing strain of
bacteria that had been heat-killed?

2. What happened when Griffith injected mice with a mixture of heat-killed, pneumonia-
causing bacteria and live bacteria of the harmless type?

3. What was the purpose of Oswald Avery’s experiments?

Bacterial Viruses
4. Fill in the blanks to summarize the experiments of Hershey and Chase. (Note: The circles
represent radioactive labels.)

with
radioactive label

with
radioactive label
5. What did Hershey and Chase conclude? Why?

6. How did Hershey and Chase confirm Avery’s results?

The Role of DNA


7. Complete this graphic organizer to summarize the assumptions that guided research on
DNA in the middle of the twentieth century. Use an oak tree to give an example of each
function.

DNA must perform three functions:

Function: Function: Function:


Copying information

Why this function is Why this function is Why this function is


important: important: important:

Example: Example: Example:


Name Class Date

10. By 1952, many scientists were convinced that genes are made of DNA, but they did not
yet know how DNA worked. Why was it important to determine the structure of DNA to
understand how DNA stored, copied, and transmitted information?

12.2 The Structure of DNA


The Components of DNA
For Questions 1–5, complete each statement by writing in the correct word or words.

1. The building blocks of DNA are _____________________________.


2. Nucleotides in DNA are made of three basic components: a sugar called _____________,
a __________ , and a nitrogenous______________ .
3. DNA contains four kinds of nitrogenous bases: , ____________,
______________ , and __________.
4. In DNA, ___________can be joined in any order.
5. The nucleotides in DNA are joined by ______ ___________ bonds.

The Double-Helix Model


For Questions 8–13, on the lines provided, label the parts of the DNA molecule that
correspond to the numbers in the diagram.

14. The drawing below shows half of a DNA molecule. Fill in the appropriate letters for the
other half. Explain why you drew your sketch the way you did.
Apply the Big idea
15. Complete this table to show how the structure of the DNA molecule allows it to perform
each essential function.

Function Structure of the Molecule

Store information

Copy information

Transmit information
12.3 DNA Replication
Copying the Code
1. Why are the strands of a DNA molecule said to be complementary?

2. What is the first step in eukaryotic DNA replication?

3. If the base sequence on a separated DNA strand is CGTAGG, what will the base
sequence on its complementary strand be?

4. What enzyme joins individual nucleotides to produce the new strand of DNA?

5. What is a replication fork?

6. Does DNA replication take place in the same direction along both strands of the DNA
molecule that is being replicated? Explain your answer. (Hint: Look at the illustration of
DNA replication in your textbook.)

7. Make a sketch of the double helix of DNA. Show how it unzips for replication and how
complementary strands are built. Label the nitrogenous bases, replication fork, DNA
polymerase, the original strand, and the new strand.
Replication in Living Cells
8. Complete the table to compare and contrast DNA replication in prokaryotes and
eukaryotes.

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Location of DNA

Amount of DNA

Starting Point(s) for Replication

9. Is DNA replication always a foolproof process? Explain your answer.

Apply the Big idea

10. Why is the pairing of bases during replication essential for the transmission of inherited
traits from parent to offspring?

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