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Detail Description of Cpu and Its Functioning

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7 views7 pages

Detail Description of Cpu and Its Functioning

Uploaded by

hassan1508abdullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF CPU AND ITS

FUNCTIONING
Name: UME- HANIA
Roll Number: 0012-ISET-2024
INDRODUCTION TO CPU
Central processing unit (CPU )is the “brain” of the
computer, responsible for executing instruction and
Controlling the flow of data . Its core function involve
Fetching, decoding and executing the instruction ,
As well as managing the movement of data between
memory and other component.
CPU COMPONENTS

Data Management in CPU Functioning The CPU manages data


through various components
Components:
1.Registers
Small, high-speed memory units storing data temporarily.

2.Cache Memory:
Fast memory storing frequently accessed data.

3.Main Memory:
Larger memory storing programs and data.

4. Memory Management Unit (MMU):


Translates virtual addresses to physical addresses.
CPU ARCHITECTURE AND ADVANCED
FUNCTIONING
 This presentation explores the cutting-edge micro architectural innovations that propel
today's computing capabilities.

1. Pipelining:

2. Branch Prediction:
Continuously updating prediction model to improve accuracy over time. Executing
Instruction along the predicted branch path , while monitoring for mispredictions. Its minimize
performance impact.
3.Out-of-order Execution :
Its optimizing the performances
 Instruction Reordering (arranging instruction )
 Register Renaming (mapping logical register to physical register)
 Speculation Execution (monitoring data and control flow changes )

4.Cache Hierarchies :
 Locality Exploitation ( minimize costly main memory accesses )
 Cache Replacement ( evicting cache line )
 Coherence Protocols (maintaining data consistency
CPU FUNCTIONING

Fetch Execute

The CPU retrieves instructions from memory, where they are The CPU performs the required operation, such as arithmetic,
stored in a specific sequence. logical, or data transfer, and stores the result.

1 2 3

Decode

The instruction is interpreted by the control unit, which determines


the type of operation and the necessary resources.
FETCH-EXECUTE AND DECODE CYCLE

RAM
CPU ADDRESS VALUE

PROGRAMME 0 0
1 1
FETCH Instruction 2 2
resister
EXECUTE 3 3
DECODE ACCUMULATOR 4 4
5 5
6 6

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