(9.
2)
Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
Reactions
When you mix 2 aqueous ionic compounds, there
are 2 possible outcomes:
1) compounds will remain in solution without
reacting
WX + YZ → NR
(no reaction)
2) you can have a double displacement reaction
(DD)
WX + YZ → WZ + YX
Evidence?
How do you recognize if DD has occurred?
A. precipitate (ppt) forms
B. gas forms
C. water forms
A. Formation of a Precipitate
▪ ions are removed by the formation of an insoluble
solid
▪ need to use solubility guidelines
▪ Ex 1:
1) Pb(NO3)2(aq) +2NaI(aq) → 2NaNO3(aq) + PbI2(s)
a) see solubility guidelines:
NaNO3 is soluble and PbI2 is insoluble
A. Formation of a Precipitate
Ex 2:
AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) →
Ag+ NO3- Na+ Cl- Na+ NO3- Ag+ Cl-
AgNO3(aq) +NaCl(aq) → NaNO3( ) + AgCl( )
AgNO3(aq) +NaCl(aq) → NaNO3(aq ) + AgCl( s )
This is a balanced chemical equation (BCE).
BCE AgNO3(aq) +NaCl(aq) → NaNO3(aq) + AgCl(s)
Total Ionic Equation (TIE)
- Indicates all ion dissolved in the solution (aq)
Ag+(aq) + NO3-(aq) + Na+(aq) + Cl- (aq) →
Na+ (aq) + NO3- (aq) + AgCl (s)
Net Ionic Equation(NIE)
- Show only the ions that are reacting
- Not the spectator ions (one that are not involved in the reaction)
Ag+(aq) + Cl- (aq) → AgCl (s)
Spectator Ions: Na+1(aq) , NO3-(aq)
A. Formation of a Precipitate
Ex 3:
Ca(NO3)2(aq) + Cu2SO4(aq) → ?
Ca+2 NO3-1 Cu+1 SO4-2 Cu+1 NO3-1 Ca+2 SO4-2
Ca(NO3)2(aq) + Cu2SO4 (aq) → CuNO3( ) + CaSO4( )
Ca(NO3)2(aq) + Cu2SO4 (aq) → 2CuNO3(aq) + CaSO4(s)
This is a balanced chemical equation (BCE).
BCE
Ca(NO3)2(aq)+ Cu2SO4 (aq) → 2CuNO3(aq) + CaSO4(s)
TIE
Ca+2(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + 2Cu+1(aq) + SO4-2 (aq) →
2Cu+1(aq) + 2NO3- (aq) + CaSO4(s)
NIE
Ca+2(aq) + SO4-2 (aq) → CaSO4(s)
Spectator Ions: Cu+1(aq) , NO3-(aq)
B. Formation of a Gas
• Commonly gases will produce with
nonmetal/nonmetal compounds involved in
reaction
• Gases produced are commonly H2(g), H2S(g),
SO2(g), CO2(g), and NH3(g)
Ex. K2S(aq) + 2HCl(aq) 2KCl(aq) + H2S(g)
C. Formation of Water
• H+ and OH- ions are removed from solution as
water
• also called neutralization reaction between acid
and base
• Acid and base forms water and a salt
C. Formation of a Water
Ex 4:
H2SO4(aq) + NaOH(aq) →
H+1 SO4-2 Na+1 OH-1 Na+1 SO4-2 H+1 OH-1
H2SO4(aq) + NaOH(aq) → Na2SO4( ) + H2O( )
H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
This is a balanced chemical equation (BCE).
BCE
H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
TIE
2H+1(aq) + SO4-2 (aq) + 2Na+1(aq) + 2OH-1 (aq) →
2Na+1(aq) + SO4-2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
NIE
2H+1(aq) + 2OH-1 (aq) → 2H2O(l)
H+1(aq) + OH-1 (aq) → H2O(l)
Spectator Ions: H+1(aq) , OH-(aq)
