Foundations - Extra Comprehension Questions 0 0
Foundations - Extra Comprehension Questions 0 0
VOCABULARY
1. The word surprising in paragraph A, line 6 is closest in meaning to ______.
a. unexpected
b. beautiful
c. familiar
DETAIL
2. What does the author compare ‘Oumuamua to?
a. a vegetable
b. a weapon
c. a star
DETAIL
3. Scientists definitely know that ______.
a. ‘Oumuamua is simply a large rock
b. ‘Oumuamua came from far away
c. ‘Oumuamua is a spaceship
VOCABULARY
4. The word alien in paragraph C, line 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
a. from another country
b. unidentified
c. from another planet
DETAIL
5. In paragraph D, the author indicates that ______.
a. ‘Oumuamua is no longer visible
b. Scientists are no longer studying ‘Oumuamua
c. ‘Oumuamua is no longer a mystery
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VOCABULARY
1. The word realized in paragraph C, line 4 is closest in meaning to ______.
a. understood
b. denied
c. responded
COHESION
2. In which position—[1], [2], or [3]—should this sentence be added to this section of
paragraph B?
According to Plato, this destruction all happened “in a day and a night.”
But the people became greedy—they had many things, but they still wanted more. [1] So
the gods became angry. [2] Earthquakes and large waves began to strike the island. Finally,
Atlantis sank into the sea. [3]
a. [1]
b. [2]
c. [3]
DETAIL
3. Plato did NOT say that Atlantis was destroyed by ______.
a. an invasion
b. tidal waves
c. earthquakes
DETAIL
4. According to the information in the passage, modern scientists have NOT suggested that
Atlantis was ______.
a. in Morocco
b. in the Atlantic Ocean
c. near Cyprus
INFERENCE
5. The author would probably agree with which of these statements?
a. Plato did not believe that Atlantis really existed.
b. Someday soon the mystery of Atlantis will be solved.
c. It’s impossible to say whether Atlantis ever existed.
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GIST
1. What could be another title for the reading?
a. Speed Eating: An Unhealthy Practice
b. Takeru Kobayashi: Eating Champion
c. The Sport of Competitive Eating
REFERENCE
2. The word They in paragraph A, line 5 refers to ______.
a. pizza, pies, ice cream, and chili peppers
b. contestants
c. eating competitions
DETAIL
3. Who is the current champion of the Nathan’s Hot Dog Eating Contest?
a. Joey Chestnut
b. Takeru Kobayashi
c. James Mullen
DETAIL
4. Among his championships, Takeru Kobayashi ate thirteen ______ in only one minute.
a. hot dogs
b. grilled cheese sandwiches
c. pizzas
SCANNING
5. In which paragraph does the author focus on the negative aspects of speed eating?
a. Paragraph A
b. Paragraph C
c. Paragraph D
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PURPOSE
1. The purpose of paragraph A is to describe ______.
a. the sensation of eating chilis
b. one type of chili pepper
c. a dish made with hot chilis
DETAIL
2. The author does NOT mention dishes made with chilies from ______.
a. Thailand
b. the Carolinas
c. Mexico
DETAIL
3. The word They in paragraph B, line 4, refers to ______.
a. chilies
b. plants
c. dishes
COHESION
4. In which position—[1], [2], or [3]—should this sentence be added to paragraph D?
PARAPHRASE
5. The author says the Carolina Reaper “sometimes measures up to 2 million SHU!” This
means that the Carolina Reaper ______.
a. may be more than 2 million SHU
b. always measures 2 million SHU
c. may measure less than 2 million SHU
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GIST
1. The main point of this reading is to ______.
a. show how one person achieved her dream
b. discuss the discovery of King Tutankhamen’s tomb
c. explain what archeologists typically do
VOCABULARY
2. The word narrow in paragraph A, line 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
a. man-made
b. thin
c. ancient
MAIN IDEA
3. What is the main idea of paragraph C?
a. Shawki was told to get married and have children.
b. The work of an archeologist is very challenging.
c. Shawki found it difficult to become an archeologist.
DETAIL
4. How many times was Shawki’s attempt to get a grant rejected?
a. Once
b. Five times
c. Six times
INFERENCE
5. The paragraph following the final paragraph in this passage will probably ______.
a. offer more information about focusing on goals
b. provide more information about Shawki’s current career
c. give a third suggestion for successfully finding a career
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GIST
1. What could be another title for the reading?
a. The Making of a Photographer
b. What National Geographic Looks for in a Photograph
c. How Technology Has Changed Photography
INFERENCE
2. In paragraph B, Sartore describes the process of getting a job at National Geographic. This
process could best be described as ______.
a. off-and-on
b. suddenly successful
c. step-by-step
DETAIL
3. Sartore says that one reason it is difficult to sell photographs to magazines today is because
______.
a. magazines today print fewer photographs
b. good photos are easily available on the Internet
c. magazine sales have declined in recent years
VOCABULARY
4. The word thoughtfully in paragraph E, line 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
a. carefully
b. quickly
c. casually
DETAIL
5. Sartore believes that photographers should try to ______.
a. sell their photos
b. improve the lives of people
c. become famous
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GIST
1. In this reading, the author describes ______ trips that Ballard made to the Titanic.
a. two
b. three
c. four
COHESION
2. In which position—[1], [2], or [3]—should this sentence be added to this section of
paragraph B?
It was lying on the ocean floor some 640 kilometers southeast of Newfoundland, Canada.
On August 31, 1985, Ballard’s dream came true. [1] He found the wreck of the Titanic. [2]
The ship was in two main parts, lying four kilometers under the sea. Using video cameras
and an undersea robot, Ballard looked around the ship. [3]
a. [1]
b. [2]
c. [3]
INFERENCE
3. The author implies that between 1986 and 2004, ______.
a. other explorers visited the Titanic
b. Ballard kept the location of the Titanic secret
c. Ballard was unable to relocate the Titanic
DETAIL
4. The author does NOT say that Ballard would like to ______ the Titanic.
a. install lights and cameras around the Titanic
b. prevent anyone else from visiting
c. stop people from taking more items from
VOCABULARY
5. A synonym for the word remember in paragraph E, line 4 is ______.
a. discover
b. decide
c. recall
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DETAIL
1. The author says that the two robots were both ______.
a. the same color
b. stuck in the ship
c. powered by batteries
DETAIL
2. What problem did the expedition team face when they needed to rescue the robot?
a. The battery might explode if they touched it.
b. They did not have the proper equipment.
c. It was too dark to see the robot clearly.
VOCABULARY
3. A crane can also be used to ______.
a. construct tall buildings
b. provide fuel for submarines
c. power large ships
DETAIL
4. The lights on the submarine went out ______.
a. when it was lowered into the water
b. about two-thirds of the way to the bottom
c. as they reached the wreckage
DETAIL
5. The crew of the submarine did NOT see ______.
a. the passengers’ luggage
b. the bodies of the passengers
c. pieces of the ship
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DETAIL
1. E. coli is not a type of ______.
a. bacteria
b. DNA
c. germ
INFERENCE
2. The author implies that ______.
a. E. coli is not found in all children
b. all E. coli contains the same DNA
c. not all E. coli is dangerous
REFERENCE
3. The word They in paragraph D, line 4 refers to ______ children.
a. healthy
b. all the
c. sick children
INFERENCE
4. Dr. Besser would NOT recommend that ______.
a. children always avoid apple juice
b. apples be washed before being made into juice
c. apple juice be heated before it is consumed
VOCABULARY
5. The section title Case Closed indicates that ______.
a. progress is being made
b. the problem has been solved
c. the investigation was interrupted
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VOCABULARY
1. The phrase the game is on in paragraph A, line 5 means ______.
a. the task has begun
b. this is not a game
c. the investigation is over
INFERENCE
2. The fact that there was no glass in the street indicates that the window was ______.
a. not broken recently
b. broken from the outside
c. open when the thief entered
DETAIL
3. According to paragraph B, by examining the shoeprints, the investigator may have learned
the ______ of the thief.
a. weight
b. gender
c. identity
REFERENCE
4. The word They in paragraph C, line 5 refers to ______.
a. shoeprints
b. spaces
c. tire marks
INFERENCE
5. The investigator knew that the thief did not work alone because ______.
a. he didn’t enter the car on the driver’s side
b. two different sets of fingerprints were found
c. two people were photographed entering the store
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DETAIL
1. In his original presentation, Felix Finkbeiner suggested planting ______ trees.
a. one million
b. one billion
c. 14 billion
REFERENCE
2. The phrase our future in paragraph B, line 10 refers to the future of ______.
a. the United Nations
b. young people
c. adults
DETAIL
3. Felix Finkbeiner spoke to the United Nations ______ years after giving his first presentation.
a. four
b. seven
c. nine
DETAIL
4. Which of the following questions can NOT be answered from information in the reading?
a. Where did Felix Finkbeiner’s organization plant its first tree?
b. How old was Felix Finkbeiner when he spoke to the European Parliament?
c. How many people belonged to Plant-for-the-Planet at the time this passage was written?
PARAPHRASE
5. In the reading, the author quotes Felix Finkbeiner: “We have to take our future in our own
hands.” This means that ______.
a. our future should be handled carefully
b. we have to hand over our future to other people
c. we must be responsible for the future ourselves
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INFERENCE
1. The Venus flytrap is a carnivorous plant. An example of a carnivorous animal is ______.
a. a sheep
b. a tiger
c. an elephant
REFERENCE
2. The word This in paragraph B, line 6 refers to ______.
a. the plant’s secret
b. Volker’s years of study
c. the Venus flytrap
INFERENCE
3. If you touch the hairs on the leaves of a Venus flytrap in a 20-second period, the plant will
probably ______.
a. open up
b. produce more nectar
c. close
DETAIL
4. How long does it take a Venus flytrap to completely eat an insect?
a. twenty seconds
b. one day
c. ten days
DETAIL
5. The liquid mentioned in paragraph D is ______.
a. a chemical that dissolves insects
b. rainwater that fell on the leaves
c. another form of nectar
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GIST
1. What could be another title for the reading?
a. Thoughts and Memories
b. Dream Research Centers
c. Dreams: Doorways to Our Minds
DETAIL
2. According to the passage, people may have as many as ______ dreams per night.
a. six
b. 10
c. 40
DETAIL
3. According to the information in paragraph A, which of the following is NOT true?
a. Many people dream in color.
b. Everyone remembers their dreams.
c. Dreams are often about the dreamer.
REFERENCE
4. What does the word they in paragraph B, line 10 refer to?
a. people
b. dreams
c. events
INFERENCE
5. Which of these statements would Alan Siegel probably agree with?
a. We can learn a lot about ourselves from our dreams.
b. All our dreams are based on personal memories.
c. Dreams are generally about embarrassing situations.
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GIST
1. What could be another title for the reading?
a. Tricking the Eye
b. Curved Lines or Straight?
c. Life’s Illusions
COHESION
2. In which position—[1], [2], or [3]—should this sentence be added to paragraph B?
The word comes from the Latin verb illudere, which means “to fool" or “to confuse.”
The word optical means “related to sight”—the way we see things. [1] An illusion is
something that looks different from the way it really is. [2] In short, an optical illusion is a
trick that our eyes play on us. [3]
a. [1]
b. [2]
c. [3]
INFERENCE
3. Which of the following in NOT an example of an optical illusion?
a. Two lines appear to be different lengths, but they are actually the same length.
b. Two objects appear to be touching, but they are actually separate.
c. A painted portrait of a person looks so real that it appears to be a photograph.
DETAIL
4. The author does NOT say that the wheels in optical illusion 3 appear to be moving because
______.
a. people are used to wheels moving
b. of the way people’s eyes move
c. of the small size of the circles
VOCABULARY
5. The word clearly in paragraph E, line 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
a. certainly
b. probably
c. strictly
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DETAIL
1. Which of these questions can NOT be answered by information in the passage?
a. How many eggs do female penguins lay?
b. How much do emperor penguins weigh?
c. How long do emperor penguins live?
DETAIL
2. After female penguins lay their eggs, male penguins ______.
a. take care of the eggs
b. hunt for food
c. carry the eggs many kilometers
DETAIL
3. Baby penguins hatch from their eggs in ______.
a. May
b. July
c. August
VOCABULARY
4. The word protect in paragraph C, line 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
a. transport
b. keep from danger
c. warm up
DETAIL
5. When do baby penguins begin to hunt on their own?
a. in July
b. in December
c. the following April
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GIST
1. Which of the following best answers the question in the title of the passage?
a. There is some evidence that they do.
b. That depends on the definition of a sense of humor.
c. Some animals do, but others don’t.
INFERENCE
2. The author would say that which of the following statements is DEFINITELTY true?
a. Animal emotions are similar to human emotions.
b. Animals can experience fear.
c. Animals can love one another.
DETAIL
3. According to paragraph B, who made a joke when the chicken was being prepared for
dinner?
a. Bongo Marie
b. Sally Blanchard
c. Paco
VOCABULARY
4. Which of the following would most likely be considered hilarious?
a. a news bulletin
b. a TV comedy
c. a psychology lecture
DETAIL
5. Patricia Simonet’s experiment involved ______.
a. her making a noise like an animal’s laugh
b. her putting dogs together to play
c. recording the sound of a dog’s “laugh”
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PURPOSE
1. The main purpose of this passage is to ______.
a. explain how and why the Taj Mahal was built
b. discuss the accomplishments of Shah Jahan
c. summarize the legends about the Taj Mahal
DETAIL
2. When was the construction of the Taj Mahal completed?
a. 1631
b. 1653
c. 1658
DETAIL
3. Which of these questions can NOT be answered from information in the passage?
a. How many children dd the emperor and the empress have?
b. How many elephants helped build the Taj Mahal?
c. Why did Shah Jahan’s son put him in prison?
COHESION
4. In which position--[1], [2], or [3]—should this sentence be added to paragraph C?
Stone carvers, masons, and artists from across India and from as far away as Turkey and
Iraq worked under a team of architects.
Building the Taj Mahal was a huge task. [1] It is said that it took more than 20,000 people
and 1,000 elephants. [2] They worked for over 20 years to build the monument and its
central dome. [3]
a. [1]
b. [2]
c. [3]
REFERENCE
5. The word They in paragraph F, line 3 refers to ______.
a. tourists
b. Shah Jahan and his wife
c. stories
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INFERENCE
1. The author implies in paragraph A that ______.
a. Brunelleschi trained as an architect for many years
b. there was more than one cathedral in Florence
c. Brunelleschi worked on the cathedral from the beginning
DETAIL
2. Concrete wasn’t used in the construction of the dome because of its ______.
a. weight
b. unattractive appearance
c. expense
DETAIL
3. One of the domes Brunelleschi built was located ______.
a. inside the other one
b. at the opposite end of the Basilica
c. right next to the other one
VOCABULARY
4. The word therefore in paragraph B, line 4 is closest in meaning to ______.
a. nevertheless
b. as a result
c. because of
DETAIL
5. Work on the dome was completed in ______.
a. 1359
b. 1419
c. 1435
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DETAIL
1. In late June, 2018 people in western Japan did not ______.
a. expect the weather to be so severe
b. receive any storm warning
c. know there would be any rain
DETAIL
2. There were ______ fatalities in the flood of June 2018.
a. 100
b. 225
c. 340
DETAIL
3. The author does not mention droughts in ______.
a. Europe
b. Brazil
c. Australia
INFERENCE
4. The phrase a little of both in paragraph D, line 1 indicates that ______.
a. both droughts and floods can cause huge amounts of damage
b. more water enters the air, and therefore more rain falls
c. some climate changes are normal while others are caused by people
PARAPHRASE
5. What does Oppenheimer mean when he says “… we don’t have to just stand there and take
it”?
a. There are ways to reduce climate change and to save lives.
b. The effects of climate change may not be as severe as once thought.
c. There are no practical ways to prevent damaging climate change.
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VOCABULARY
1. The word weird in the title is closest in meaning to ______.
a. strange
b. familiar
c. destructive
INFERENCE
2. Why does the author mention hurricanes, droughts, and floods in paragraph A?
a. These are becoming more common.
b. Few people have experienced these.
c. These are fairly common weather events.
DETAIL
3. In paragraph B, the unusual weather pattern the author describes does NOT involve
______.
a. a tornado striking a lake
b. heavy rains causing flooding
c. small animals falling from the sky
REFERENCE
4. The word they in paragraph B, line 3 refers to ______.
a. Serbians
b. frogs
c. rains
DETAIL
5. The injuries described in paragraph D were caused by ______.
a. weapons
b. ice
c. rocks
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GIST
1. What could be another title for the passage?
a. The Story of Lyuba
b. How Mammoths Disappeared
c. Mammoth Studies
DETAIL
2. Lyuba was first brought to a museum in ______.
a. the Netherlands
b. Siberia
c. Japan
PARAPHRASE
3. Which of these sentences could best replace the phrase as close to perfect condition as you
can imagine?
a. It was absolutely perfect.
b. It was perfect until it was discovered.
c. It was almost completely perfect.
INFERENCE
4. It can be inferred that the word mammoth means ______.
a. large
b. female
c. frozen
VOCABULARY
5. Which of these animals are extinct?
a. reindeer
b. dinosaurs
c. elephants
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DETAIL
1. The author does NOT mention that “cutting tooth lizards” had especially ______.
a. long necks
b. big eyes
c. large teeth
DETAIL
2. ______ had a unique way of hunting fish.
a. Temnodontosaurus
b. Kronosaurus
c. Thalassomedon
DETAIL
3. The author compares Kronosaurus’s teeth to ______.
a. stones
b. fruit
c. eggs
REFERENCE
4. What does the word they in paragraph D, line 5 refer to?
a. the Thalassomedon’s prey
b. sea monsters
c. the Thalassomedon’s body and tail
INFERENCE
5. The paragraph following paragraph D will probably be about another ______.
a. unusual sea animal
b. method of hunting
c. type of fish
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DETAIL
1. The author does NOT mention in paragraph A that robots will serve as ______.
a. caregivers
b. police officers
c. firefighters
DETAIL
2. Sophia makes some people feel uneasy because she ______.
a. is able to speak like a person
b. has a humanlike appearance
c. can learn to show emotions
REFERENCE
3. The word They in paragraph E, line 2 refers to ______.
a. holes
b. scientists
c. snake-bots
INFERENCE
4. It can be inferred from the information in paragraph E that ______.
a. the terrain on Mars is extremely rough
b. snake-bots have already begun exploring Mars
c. frog-bots may accompany humans to Mars
INFERENCE
5. The author implies in paragraph E that ______.
a. SpotMini can run much faster than a real dog
b. robots similar to SpotMini may someday serve as pets
c. unlike real dogs, robot dogs are able to talk
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GIST
1. This passage can best be described as ______.
a. information about the future of cars
b. some predictions about the future
c. ways to keep people healthy
INFERENCE
2. Which of the following commands would “smart” clothes probably NOT respond to?
a. Turn blue
b. Stripes, not checks
c. Three sizes larger
REFERENCE
3. The word it in paragraph E, line 2 refers to the ______.
a. fridge
b. milk
c. supermarket
VOCABULARY
4. The phrase turn off is used in which of these sentences as it is used in paragraph F, line 1?
a. I enjoyed my micro-economics class, but I found the macro-economics class a turn off.
b. I forgot to turn off my computer, so my brother read my email.
c. We should turn off the highway here and take that little country road.
DETAIL
5. The author does NOT predict that ______ in the future.
a. cell phones will no longer be used
b. cars will be able to drive themselves
c. body parts can be grown in laboratories
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Answer Key
Reading 1B: The Lost City of Atlantis Reading 7B: Seeing the Impossible
1. a 2. c 3. a 4. b 5. c 1. a 2. b 3. c 4. c 5. a
Reading 2A: The World of Speed Eating Reading 8A: A Penguin’s Year
1. c 2. c 3. a 4. b 5. c 1. c 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. b
Reading 3A: Digging for the Past Reading 9A: A Love Poem in Stone
1. a 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. c 1. a 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. a
Reading 3B: Getting the Shot Reading 9B: The Great Dome of Florence
1. a 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. b 1. b 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. c
Reading 4A: I’ve Found the Titanic! Reading 10A: Wild Weather
1. b 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. c 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. a
Reading 4B: My Descent to the Titanic Reading 10B: When Weird Weather Strikes
1. c 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. b 1. a 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. b
Reading 5A: The Disease Detective Reading 11A: The Mammoth’s Tale
1. b 2. c 3. a 4. a 5. b 1. a 2. b 3. c 4. a 5. b
Reading 5B: At the Scene of a Crime Reading 11B: Monsters of the Deep
1. a 2. b 3. b 4. c 5. a 1. a 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. a
Reading 6A: Planting for the Planet Reading 12A: The Robots are Coming!
1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. c 1. b 2. b 3. c 4. a 5. b
Reading 6B: Fatal Attraction Reading 12B: How Will We Live in 2045?
1. b 2. c 3. c 4. c 5. a 1. b 2. c 3. b 4. b 5. a