IB SL Chemistry 40 mins 40 questions

Multiple Choice Questions

How Far? The Extent

of Chemical Change
The Characteristics of Dynamic Equilibrium / The Equilibrium Law / The Equilibrium
Constant / Le Chatelier's Principle

Easy (14 questions) /14 Scan here for your answers

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Medium (15 questions) /15

Hard (11 questions) /11

Total Marks /40

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Easy Questions
1 Which statement describes a closed system?

A. Only matter can be transferred across the boundary

B. Only energy can be transferred across the boundary

C. Energy and matter can be transferred across the boundary

D. Energy and matter cannot be transferred across the boundary

(1 mark)

2 Dinitrogen tetraoxide, N2O4, and nitrogen dioxide exist in equilibrium. This is

represented by the reaction below:

2NO2 (g) ⇌ N2O4 (g) ∆H = -57 kJ mol-1

Which conditions give the greatest percentage of NO2 at equilibrium?

A. high pressure and high temperature

B. low pressure and high temperature

C. high pressure and low temperature

D. low pressure and low temperature

(1 mark)

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3 Which statement below best describes a dynamic equilibrium?

A. the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the backwards reaction, and the
concentrations of reactants and products is constant

B. the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the backwards reaction in a closed
system, and the concentrations of the reactants and products are equal

C. the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the backwards reaction in a closed
system, and the concentrations of the reactants and products is constant

D. the rate of reaction changes in either direction to counteract a change in conditions

(1 mark)

4 Ethanol is manufactured by reacting steam with ethene.

C2H4 (g) + H2O (g) ⇌ C2H5OH (g) ∆H = -45 kJ mol-1

What would increase the equilibrium yield of ethanol in this process?

adding a catalyst
I

increasing the pressure

II

decreasing the temperature

III

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

(1 mark)

5 Propyl ethanoate is formed in an esterification reaction. How can the value of the
equilibrium constant Kc be increased?

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 Propan-1-ol + ethanoic acid ⇌ propyl ethanoate + water ∆H = -10 kJ mol-1

A. increasing the temperature

B. adding a catalyst

C. increasing the pressure

D. lowering the temperature

(1 mark)

6 In the reaction where gaseous iodine reacts with hydrogen,an equilibrium is established
at 450 °C. The reaction is exothermic.

H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI (g)

colourless purple colourless

Which change in conditions will cause the purple colour of the equilibrium mixture to
become paler?

A. decrease in pressure

B. decrease in temperature

C. increase in pressure

D. increase in temperature

(1 mark)

7 Nitrosyl chloride decomposes into nitrogen monoxide and chlorine according to the
following equation.

2NOCl (g) ⇌ 2NO + Cl2 (g)

What is the correct expression for Kc?

[NOCl]2
A.
[NO]2 [Cl2]

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 [NO] [Cl2]
B.
[NOCl]

2[NO] [Cl2]
C.
2[NOCl]

[NO]2 [Cl2]
D.
[NOCl]2
(1 mark)

8 An equilibrium is established in the reaction.

AB (aq) + CD (aq) ⇌ AC (aq) + BD (aq) ∆H = +180 kJ mol-1

Which factors would affect the value of Kc in this equilibrium?

A. change in temperature in the absence of a catalyst

B. change in pressure in the presence of a catalyst

C. increasing the concentration of AB

D. increasing the concentration of AC

(1 mark)

9 What is the equilibrium constant expression for the following equation?

3Cl2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇋ 2ICl3 (l)

2[ICl3]
A.
3[Cl2]+[I2]

2[ICl3]
B.
3[Cl2] [I2]

[Cl2]3 [I2]
C.
[ICl3]2

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 [ICl3]2
D.
[Cl2]3 [I2]
(1 mark)

10 Hydrogen iodide can be made by the direct combination of hydrogen and iodine in the
following equilibrium reaction. What is the expression for the equilibrium constant?

H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇋ 2HI (g)

[2HI]
A.
[H2] [I2]

2[HI]2
B.
[H2] + [I2]

[2HI]
C.
[H2] + [I2]

[HI]2
D.
[H2] [I2]

(1 mark)

11 What is the significance of the value of Kc ≫1 in a reversible reaction?

A. The reaction is almost complete

B. Very little reaction occurs

C. Equilibrium is established very quickly

D. The rate of the forward reaction is larger than the rate of the backward reaction

(1 mark)

12 Which is the correct Kc expression for the reaction between hydrogen and fluorine?

H2 (g) + F2 (g) ⇌ 2HF (g)

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 [HF]2
A.
[H 2] [F 2]

[HF]
B.
[H 2] [F 2]

2 [HF]
C.
[H 2] [F 2]

[H 2] [F 2]
D.
[HF]2
(1 mark)

13 The Kc expression for the following reaction between hydrogen and iodine is shown

H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI (g)

[HI]2
KC =
[H 2] [I2]

At equilibrium there were 0.234 moles of HI, 0.150 moles of H2 and 0.025 moles of I2.

Which is the correct Kc expression for the reaction between hydrogen and fluorine?

A. 14.60

B. 62.4

C. 6.85 x 10-2

D. 1.60 x 10-2

(1 mark)

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14 Nitrosyl chloride decomposes into nitrogen monoxide and chlorine according to the
following equation. The forward reaction is endothermic

2NOCl (g) ⇌ 2NO (g) + Cl2 (g)

Which change in condition would change the value for Kc?

A. Decreasing the pressure

B. Adding a catalyst

C. Increasing the temperature

D. Increasing the pressure

(1 mark)

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Medium Questions
1 Which systems are correctly described?

I. Matter and energy can be transferred across the boundary of an open system
II. Only matter can be transferred across the boundary of a closed system
III. Matter and energy cannot be transferred across the boundary of an isolated system

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

(1 mark)

2 Ethyne and hydrogen are formed from methane and a dynamic equilibrium is
established.

2CH4 (g) ⇌ 3H2 (g) + C2H2 (g)

What are the units for Kc?

A. mol dm-3

B. mol2 dm-6

C. mol3 dm-9

D. mol4 dm-12

(1 mark)

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3 The dissociation of gas X2Y4 into XY2 is represented in the equation below:

X2Y4 (g) ⇌ 2XY2 (g) ΔHθ = +60 kJ mol-1

At constant pressure, if the temperature of the equilibrium mixture of the gases is

increased, will the volume of the mixture increase or decrease and why?

A. the volume will increase, but only because of a shift of equilibrium towards the
right

B. the volume will increase, both because of a shift of equilibrium towards the right
and also because of thermal expansion

C. the volume will stay the same because any thermal expansion could be exactly
counteracted by a shift of equilibrium towards the left

D. the volume will decrease because a shift of equilibrium towards the left would more
than counteract any thermal expansion

(1 mark)

4 The reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen produces ammonia gas:

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g)

If the equilibrium constant for the reaction is x, what is the equilibrium constant for the
following reaction?

2N2 (g) + 6H2 (g) ⇌ 4NH3 (g)

A. x

B. 2x

C. x2

D. 2x2

(1 mark)

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5 For the following reaction at equilibrium

H2S (aq) + Mg2+ (aq) ⇋ MgS (s) + 2H+ (aq) ΔH < 0

Which of the following changes will result in more MgS being produced?

A. Adding sodium hydroxide

B. Decreasing the pressure

C. Adding a catalyst

D. Increasing the temperature

(1 mark)

6 When a chemical reaction reaches equilibrium which of the following can be said about
the concentrations of the substances present, and the rates of reaction?

Concentrations of the reactants and Rates of forward and backward

products reactions

A Continue to change Remain the same

B Remain constant Remain the same

C Continue to change Are different

D Remain constant Are different

(1 mark)

7 The Haber process is used to produce ammonia industrially by the following reaction

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g)

Which statements explain why a catalyst is used?

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 A catalyst lowers the activation energy
I

A catalyst moves the position of equilibrium towards the product

II

A catalyst allows the same rate to be achieved at a lower temperature

III

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III
(1 mark)

8 Study the following equilibrium reaction and determine which of the changes listed
below will shift the equilibrium to the right hand side.

2CO2 (g) ⇌ 2CO (g) + O2 (g)

using a catalyst
I

reducing the oxygen concentration

II

increasing the volume of the container

III

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

(1 mark)

9 Which of the following conclusions can be made about this reaction?

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 1
H2O (g) ⇋ H2 (g) + O2 (g) Kc = 8 x 10-41 at 25 ° C
2

A. The reaction does not proceed

B. The reaction goes almost to completion

C. The products have a higher concentration than the reactants

D. The concentrations of reactants and products are the same.

(1 mark)

10 The value of Kc at 298K for the following reaction is 4.0. The reaction takes several days
to react in equilibrium at room temperature.

CH3COOH (l) + CH3CH2OH (l) ⇋ CH3COOCH2CH3 (l) + H2O (l)

A student carried out the reaction shown and a day later measured the concentrations
and calculated a value for the reaction quotient, Q. She found that the value of Q was
8.7.

This value tells you that:

A. The reaction has not reached equilibrium and is moving left to right.

B. The reaction has not reached equilibrium and is moving right to left.

C. The reaction has reached equilibrium, but there are more products than reactants.

D. The reaction has reached equilibrium, but there are more reactants than products.

(1 mark)

11 In the equilibrium reaction shown

2ICl (l) ⇋ I2 (g) + Cl2 (g) ΔHᶿ = -26 kJ

What will change if the temperature is lowered?

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 The position of equilibrium The value of Kc

A will shift to the right decreases

B will shift to the right increases

C will shift to the left decreases

D will shift to the left increases

(1 mark)

12 Which of these processes are endothermic?

I. Condensing

II. Subliming

III. Melting

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

(1 mark)

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13 Consider the following reversible reaction:

3O2 (g) ⇌ 2O3 (g)

What is the value of Kc when the equilibrium concentrations are [O2] = 4.0 mol dm-3 and
[O3] = 4.0 mol dm-3 ?

A. 0.25

B. 4

C. 16

D. 64

(1 mark)

14 Which if the following will shift the position of equilibrium to the right in the reaction
shown?

2N2O5 (g) ⇌ 4NO2 (g) + O2 (g) ΔH = +219.2 kJ

I. Decreasing the concentration of NO2 (g)

II. Decreasing the temperature
III. Decreasing the pressure

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

(1 mark)

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15 Hydrogen iodide decomposes to form hydrogen and iodine vapour.

2HI (g) ⇌ H2 (g) + I2 (g)

What is the effect of decreasing the volume of the equilibrium mixture at constant
temperature?

A. The amount of H2 (g) remains the same but its concentration decreases

B. The forward reaction is favoured

C. The backward reaction is favoured

D. The value of Kc remains unchanged

(1 mark)

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Hard Questions
1 Study the following equilibrium reaction and determine which of the statements must be
true.

2X ⇋ Y Kc = 1.1

A. [X] ≫ [Y]

B. [X] ＞[Y]

C. [X] = [Y]

D. [X] ＜ [Y]

(1 mark)

2 Hydrogen reacts with iodine according to the following equation

H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇋ 2HI (g)

The value of Kc for this reaction has been measured at different temperatures

Kc = 60 at 355 ° C

Kc = 47 at 450 ° C

From the information given which of the following must be true?

A. The reaction is exothermic

B. The reaction is endothermic

C. The reaction barely proceeds at 355 ° C

D. The reaction almost goes to completion at 450 ° C

(1 mark)

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3 The following Kc values were obtained for a reaction carried out at different
temperatures, T1 to T4.

Temperature Kc value

T1 1 x 10-2

T2 1 x 101

T3 1

T4 1 x 102

Which of the following gives the correct amount of products in the mixtures from least to
most?

A. T1 ＜T2 ＜T3＜T4

B. T4 ＜T3 ＜T2＜T1

C. T4 ＜T2 ＜T3＜T1

D. T1 ＜T3 ＜T2＜T4

(1 mark)

4 Which of the following conditions and reasons will increase the amount of hydrogen
iodide produced?

H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇋ 2HI (g) ΔHᶿ = -126 kJ

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 Condition Reason Condition Reason

exothermic two gaseous reactants but

A increase T increase P
reaction only one gaseous product

endothermic equal numbers of moles of

B increase T no change in P
reaction gases

two moles of gaseous

exothermic
C decrease T decrease P product but only one mole
reaction
of each gaseous reactant

exothermic equal numbers of moles of

D decrease T no change in P
reaction gases

(1 mark)

5 The blood-red complex iron (III) thiocynanate, [FeSCN]2+ is formed when iron (III) ions
react with thiocyanate ions in the following equilibrium reaction:

Fe3+ (aq) + SCN- (aq) ⇋ [FeSCN]2+ ΔHᶿ = +12 kJ

yellow colourless red

Which of the following changes would make the solution go darker?

raising the temperature of the solution

I

adding iron(III) chloride solution

II

adding a catalyst
III

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

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 (1 mark)

6 Which of the following features is not a characteristic of a state of equilibrium?

A. Equilibrium is dynamic

B. Equilibrium is achieved in a closed system

C. Concentrations of reactants and products are equal

D. Equilibrium can be reached from either direction

(1 mark)

7 What is the relationship between Kc1 and Kc2 in the following reactions?

2NOBr (g) ⇋ 2NO (g) + Br2 (g) Kc1

1
NO (g) + Br2 (g) ⇋ NOBr (g) Kc2
2

A. 2Kc2 = Kc1

B. (Kc2)2 = Kc1

1
C. Kc2 =
Kc 1

1
D. Kc2 =
2K c 1

(1 mark)

8 Nitrogen dioxide can react with itself to produce a dimer molecule called dinitrogen
tetroxide in the following equilibrium reaction.

2NO2 (g) ⇋ N2O4 (g) Kc = 0.01 at 25 °C

In an experiment, 100 cm3 of nitrogen dioxide is placed in a gas syringe and the barrel is
pushed in, meaning the volume is reduced to 50 cm3 at constant temperature.

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 Which of the following statements are true?

I. The value of Kc increases

II. More N2O4 is formed
[NO 2]
III. The ratio of decreases
[N 2 O 4]

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III
(1 mark)

9 One of the characteristics of a state of equilibrium, is that equilibria are said to be

dynamic. What is the meaning of dynamic in this context?

A. The position of equilibrium is constantly changing

B. The rates of forward and backward reactions change

C. The reactants and products are continually reacting

D. The concentrations of the reactants and products continue to change

(1 mark)

10 The reaction shown below has a value of Kc = 1.0 x 10-4 at 25 °C.

2NOBr (g) ⇌ 2NO (g) + Br2 (l)

Which of the following relationships is correct about this equilibrium at 25 ° C?

A. [NO] ≫ [NOBr]

B. [NOBr] ≫ [Br2]

C. 2 x [NOBr] = [Br2]

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 D. [NO] = [NOBr]
(1 mark)

11 The Haber process is a key step in the manufacture of fertilisers:

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g) ΔH = -ve

Which is correct about the effect of increasing temperature for this reaction?

Effect on equilibrium position Effect on Kc

A. Shifts left No change
B. Shifts right No change
C. Shifts right Increase
D. Shifts left Decrease

(1 mark)

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