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RKP Autotransformer

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Priyansh Jain
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26 views24 pages

RKP Autotransformer

Uploaded by

Priyansh Jain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Auto Transformer

Principle Of Operation
 Transformer works on the
principle of mutual
induction of two coils.
When current in the primary
coil is changed the flux
linked to the secondary coil
also changes. Consequently
an EMF is induced in the
secondary coil.
AUTO-TRANSFORMERS
 An autotransformer
(sometimes called auto step
down transformer)is an
electrical transformer with
only one winding. The
"auto" (Greek for "self")
prefix refers to the single
coil acting on itself and not
to any kind of automatic
mechanism.
 In autotransformer winding
is common for primary and
secondary
AUTO-TRANSFORMERS as step down transformer

 Two fixed terminals A and


B connected to the single-
phase AC supply V1
 AB winding is primary
winding
 CB terminal acts as the
secondary winding across
the load
 Operating principle is
same as the normal
transformer
AUTO-TRANSFORMERS as step down transformer

N1=primary turn(AB)
N2=secondary turn(CB)
I1=primary current
I2=secondary current
V1=primary voltage
V2=secondary votage
Load voltage
AUTO-TRANSFORMERS as step down transformer

If losses, the magnetizing current and the leakage reactance are neglected
the transformation ratio is defined as
AUTO-TRANSFORMERS as step up transformer
 Two fixed terminals C and
B connected to the single-
phase AC supply V1
 AB winding is primary
winding
 AB terminal acts as the
secondary winding across
the load
 Operating principle is
same as the normal
transformer
AUTO-TRANSFORMERS as step up transformer

If losses, the magnetizing current and the


leakage reactance are neglected the
transformation ratio is defined as

A
Copper saving in Auto transformer
 The same output and voltage transformation ratio
an autotransformer requires less copper than the 2-
winding transformer
Types of AUTOTransformer
 Step UP Transformer :
A transformer in which
Ns>Np is called a step up
transformer. A step up
transformer is a
transformer which
converts low alternatic
voltage to high alternatic
voltage.
 Step DOWNTransformer :

A transformer in which Np>Ns is


called a step down transformer. A
step down transformer is a
transformer which converts high
alternating voltage to low
alternating voltage.
Conversion of 2-winding transformer
into
autotrans former
 ADDITIVE POLARITY (SEP-UP)

 SUBSTRACTIVE POLARITY (STEP DOWN)


ADDITIVE POLARITY

 In this case common current flow towards the common


terminal
SUBSTRACTIVE POLARITY
 In this case common current flow away from common
terminal
Advantages
 An autotransformer requires less Cu than a two-winding
transformer of similar rating.
 The size and hence the cost is reduced as compared to the
conventional transformer
 An autotransformer operates at a higher efficiency than a
two-winding transformer of similar rating.
 An autotransformer has better voltage regulation than a
two-windingtransformer of the same rating.
 An autotransformer has smaller size than a two-winding
transformer of the same rating.
 An autotransformer requires smaller exciting current than
a two-windingtransformer of the same rating.
Disadvantages
 There is no electrical isolation between the primary
and secondary windings. So it is dangerous for high
voltage applications
 If the common part of the winding breaks(O/C) then
the transformer action is lost and full primary voltage
appears across the secondary.
 It possed a low impedance, hence if the secondary
circuit is S/C, then a large current will flow on the
secondary side.
Application of Auto-transformer
 Autotransformers are used to transmit power transmission
and distribution
 Autotransformers are used in audio systems and for
impedence matching
 Autotransformers are used in railways
CompareAuto-transformer with two-winding transformer

Conventional
Basis For Differences Autortransformer
transformer

Definition A transformer, having It is a static machine


only one winding a part which transfers
of which acts as a electrical energy from
primary and the other one end to another
as a secondary. without changing
frequency.

Number of Windings Auto-transformer has It has two separate


only one winding wound winding, i.e., primary
on a laminated core and secondary winding.

Insulation The primary and The primary and


secondary winding are secondary winding are
not electrically electrically insulated
insulated. from each other.

Induction Self Induction Mutual Induction


CompareAuto-transformer with two-winding transformer
Conventional
Basis For Differences Autortransformer
transformer

Size Small Large

Power Transfer Partly by transformation Through transformation


and partly by direct
electrical connection.

Voltage Regulation Better Good

Winding Material Less requires More requires

Circuit The primary and The primary and


secondary winding secondary winding
circuits are connected circuits are connected
magnetically. both electrically and
magnetically.

Connection Depends upon the Connect directly to the


tapping load.

Starting current Decreases Decreases by 1/3 times.


CompareAuto-transformer with two-winding transformer
Conventional
Basis For Differences Autortransformer
transformer

Excitation current Small Large

Economical More Less

Cost Less costly More costly

Efficient More Less

Leakage flux and Low High


resistance

Impedance Less High

Cost Cheap Very costly

Losses Low High

Output voltage Variable Constant.

symbol
LIMITATION
 Because it requires both fewer windings and a smaller core, an
autotransformer for power applications is typically lighter and
less costly than a two-winding transformer, up to a voltage
ratio of about 3:1; beyond that range, a two-winding
transformer is usually more economical.
 Like multiple-winding transformers, autotransformers operate
on time-varying magnetic fields and so will not function with
DC.
 A failure of the insulation of the windings of an
autotransformer can result in full input voltage applied to the
output. Also, a break in the part of the winding that is used as
both primary and secondary will result in the transformer
acting as an inductor in series with the load .

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