Addition--hopping in the forward direction with one step

Subtraction--hopping in the backward direction with one step

egocentric counting
Multiplication-- repeated addition
Division-- repeated division till you reach zero
Exponentiation--repeated multiplication
Logarithms--will be discussed later

script:
Intro:
While our main focus isn't solely on teaching the fundamental operations of
addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, it's important to recognize
their connection to more advanced concepts like exponents, roots, and logarithms.
Often, our understanding of these advanced concepts may have become somewhat fuzzy
over time. Therefore, in this video, our goal is to revisit these foundational
operations, allowing you to establish a solid foundation from which you can
seamlessly grasp the intricacies of exponents, roots, and logarithms."

Addition:
scene1:
Let's say you have ordered a sequence of things, let's call them numbers, now
imagine those numbers on a line hence the line is called the number line.
on this number line if you hop in the forward direction with one step you land on
the next number in the forward direction.

scene2:
for example, start from zero... take five steps and you land on the number five.
In hopping forwards your step size is plus 1, therefore you land in the forward
direction.
This process is known as addition.

In short, addition is the process of doing plus one plus one plus ones, which means
your step size is +1
number of steps you have taken is equal to 5.
therefore you land on the number 5 . which is your result.

subtraction:
scene1:

Now, on the same number line if you hop in the backward direction with one step you
land on the previous number in the backward direction.

scene2:
-for example, start from four... take three steps in the backward direction and you
land on the number 1. and so on.
-In hopping backward your step size is minus 1, therefore you land in the backward
direction. this is known as subtraction.
-In short, subtraction is the process of doing minus one minus one minus ones,
which means your step size is -1
number of steps you have taken is equal to 3.
therefore you land on the number 1 . which is your result.

Multiplication:
scene1:

on the number line if you hop in the forward direction but with one step equal to
plus1plus1 plus1plus then you land on the next number in the forward direction
much faster as your step size has increased. Let's understand this with an example.

scene2:
-for example, start from zero... take three steps of plus1plus1 in the forward
direction and you land on the number 6.
-In this hopping your step size is plus1plus1 which means +2 of course, the point
to emphasize is doing repeated addition gives rise to multiplication.

-In short, multiplication is the process of doing plus n plus n,

which means your step size is +n (in this example it is +2)
number of steps you have taken is equal to 3.
therefore you land on the number 6 . which is your result.

Division:
scene1:
-Like multiplication is repeated addition, division is also a repeated subtraction
till it reaches zero.
-Let's take an example of 12 divided by 3

scene 2:
On the number line start from 12, then how long will it take to reach zero if the
step size of 3.
The answer is 4.
-in our analogy, the step size is 3, and the number of steps is equal to 4.
-Let's describe it fully, 12 divided by 3 means, starting from 12, the step size is
3 and it requires four steps to reach zero.
-it can be said that the denominator is the size of the step given to us and the
number to start from is given in the numerator.

- and this process of doing repeated subtraction gives rise to division.

-In short, division is the process of doing minus n minus n,

which means your step size is of -n (in this example it is -3)
number of steps you have taken is equal to 4.
therefore you land on the number 0 after starting from 12.
Exponentiation:
scene0 and scene1
In multiplication you were counting in plus n plus n steps, now how about counting
in times n times n steps,
and this process of repeated multiplication is known as exponentiation.
-It is represented as x raise to y
In x^y -- x is the base and y goes by three names exponent, power, and index. (for
now, call it as an index)

-for example, 2^3 says the index of 2 is 3 which says count in steps of 2-times, 2
times, and repeat it three times and tell us where would you land. - the answer
is 8.
this result is also known as an argument.

-the base is the size of the step but in a times way (i.e. steps in exponents are
multiplicative steps), for example, 2 times 2 times and the index is the number of
steps you have to take to land at a number and that number is known as an argument.

scene2:

-for example .. start from one... take three steps of times2 times2 times2 in the
forward direction and you land on the number 8.
-In this hopping your step size is times2 times 2 times2, the point to emphasize is
doing repeated multiplication gives rise to exponentiation.

-In short, exponentiation is the process of doing times n times n times n,

which means your step size is of times n (in this example it is times2)
number of steps you have taken is equal to 3.
therefore you land on the number 8 . which is your result or the argument.

Root:
scene0/scene1
The main idea of the game is this,....there are three numbers in the play, you know
two of them and you are asked to find out the third number.

so in exponents, you have a base and an index and you can get an argument or result
from these two, in our analogy it could be said that you have the size of the step
and the number of times that step is repeated is known then you land at a number as
the result.

Now, let's move forward, in the next game you are given how many times steps have
to be repeated(i.e index) and you already have reached a number(i.e argument) but
you don't know the what is the size of steps you have taken to land at that number.

to denote this idea you use a radicle or a root sign. and in this notation instead
of calling 'i' as an index you simply call it as i th root.

pause a few seconds and ponder on this.

being consistent with our analogy you can say i th root is the number of steps you
have taken to reach an argument 'a', which is written inside of the root sign and
you get the size of the steps.
let's understand this using an example of the square root of 9 which answers 3.
and this is the story of Root. talking about the origin of the word is simple, the
word means basis or source so finding the base is also known as finding the root.

scene2:

-let's discuss the example ..square root of 9 is equal to 3 ..

start from nine... you must take two steps only in a backward direction and land on
1 and figure out what could be the size of the step. in this process, you figured
out that the step size is times 3 times 3.

-In short, in the process of finding roots,

the number of steps you have taken is equal to 2.
you start from number 9 . which is your argument.
which gives your step size. which is equal to 3 (which is a multiplicative step.)

Logarithms:
scene1:
Now in the third game, you have been given a size of steps to proceed (i.e. base),
where you have to reach(i.e. argument) and the question is to find the number of
steps required to reach there(i.e. index).

the way in which it is written is known as logarithm or log in short.

the size of the steps is the base, ...base of the log to be precise, simply relate
it with our analogy log with a base for us is the size of steps.
for example; log base b of a is equal to 'i', here it is asked that if your step
size is of b times b times after how many steps you would reach at a.
and the answer is i.

same way log base 2 of 8 is equal to what.

which means your step size is of times2 you have to reach 8, then how many do you
have to take to reach 8?

scene2:
Logarithms simply means counting numbers.
discussing our example log base 2 of 8 means step size is of 2 (in a multiplicative
sense)
using this you have to reach 8 and you must figure out the number of steps to take.
and that comes out to be equal to 3.

Power triangle:

Let's revisit our game...

you have three numbers a, b, and i

where a is the argument.

b is the base-
i is the index --or it is 'i' th root in the case of roots.

if base and index are given then using exponents you can find out the argument.
exponent is shown in the bottom left corner.

if ith root and argument are given then using root you can find out the base
root is shown at the top.

if base and argument are given then using log you can find out the index.
The log is shown in the bottom right corner.

notice their positions, Let's connect these three using a triangle where the root
is at the top vertex, the exponent at the left vertex, and the log at the right
vertex.
and its inventor wants to call it the power triangle.

instead of this clumsy diagram, you will try to make it simpler Let's see what it
can do.

scene2:

you have taken i on the top vertex, b on the left vertex, and a on the right
vertex.
then on the left edge, you have exponent, on the right edge you have root and on
the bottom edge you have log

the idea is this you can use any two numbers and you can the third number.
example 1:
let's say you have a base and an index and want to find the argument then you would
use the Exponent.

example2:
if you have an index and an argument and want to find the base then you would use
the Root.

example3:
finally, if you have a base and an argument and want to find the index you would
use the log.