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Terminal I
The globalization story
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THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

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1: GLOBALIZATION: CONCEPTS AND DIMENSIONS | MIDTERMS | 1 SEM | AY: 2024-2025
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INTENSIFICATION AND ACCELERATION quality speed

THE FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF connectivity
of

GLOBALIZATION
o The best example of this is the ICTs, such as the
internet, that could transmit information in a matter
o Globalization is like being able to watch movies of seconds.
from all over the world on your computer or TV o In a jiffy, you can receive and send messages or
through apps like Netflix, without leaving your share information from distant places.
home. o In the Netflix sample scenario, you can scan and
o This wasn't always possible; people used to rent watch your favorite movie or TV series at no time.
movies on tapes or discs from stores. o The power of technology and the other ICTs play
o Now, because of the internet and other a vital role in making all these exchanges possible
technology advances, we can easily watch shows and faster than ever before.
from different countries. HUMAN AWARENESS OF SOCIAL
o But, globalization isn't just about sharing movies INTERDEPENDENCE
or trade; it's a complex topic that involves many
areas like culture, politics, and morals. o This awareness affects people's individual and
o For example, not every country allows access to collective identities in the world.
Netflix due to various reasons. o Manfred Steger (2003) added that Human
o So, understanding globalization means looking at consciousness plays a significant role in
it from many different angles, not just one. Globalization as people have a 'keen sense' of
becoming part of the global whole.
Scholars differ on how they view and define Globalization
o Hence it influences their behavior and perceptions
and its impact on the world's transformation.
in the contemporary world.
Nevertheless, there is an evident overlap as to the
thematic qualities of Globalization (Steger, 2003). To return with our example, many people, generally, watch
quality movies or TV series on Netflix regardless of its
Claudio and Abinales (2018) cited the best description
language or culture, and as it reinforces the same, it
of Globalization based on the work of Manfred Steger,
gradually changes and affects our individual or
who states that Globalization is "the expansion,
collective identities and views (Robertson, 1996;
intensification, and accelerations of social (economic,
Steger, 2003).
political, cultural) relations and consciousness across
world time and world space.” Given all the distinct qualities presented above, we can
deduce that;
KEY CONCEPTS OF GLOBALIZATION
ACCORDING TO STEGER (2003) Globalization refers to a process, condition, and ideology
of intensified interdependence of economic,
technological, political, and socio-cultural relations of the
EXPANSIONISM PRINCIPLE world that compresses time and geographic boundaries
through a massive and innovative transformation
o Refers to the creation of connections (networks). (Giddens, 2017; Held & McGrew, 2002; Jameson,
o This occurs on various occasions from your Frederic, and Miyoshi, 1998; Mittelman, 2014; Robertson,
simple student organizations to larger and 1996; Steger, 2003).
university-wide associations.
o As two or more organizations come together to
advocate a social cause, for example, could
further create a new form of organization among
them.

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THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
MODULE 1: GLOBALIZATION: CONCEPTS AND DIMENSIONS | MIDTERMS | 1st SEM | AY: 2024-2025

THREE ESSENTIAL TERMS IN of social transformation and an ideology (Globalism) of

UNDERSTANDING GLOBALIZATION people toward the political and economic benefits of this
phenomenon.

THE DIMENSIONS OF GLOBALIZATION

PROCESS Pertains to social
developments of the
world’s transformation.
spide
CONDITION Which for Steger
(2003), he referred to as
Globality
Globality, represents a
secular state and is
transformed into global
economic, political,
cultural
interconnections that
Imagine a story where blind men touch different parts of
extinguishes or
an elephant and describe it differently based on what they
eliminates any existing
feel.
boundaries.
This story is like how scholars see globalization. Some
IDEOLOGY (from economic to think it's mostly about money (economics), while others
socio-cultural), which in say it's about politics or culture. But they all agree that
Globalism
this case, is the human these things are connected and make up globalization,
social consciousness or just like the blind men's descriptions together make up the
awareness that elephant.
globalization processes
affect our beliefs and The Interrelated Dimensions or Areas of
perceptions of Globalization:
the world's social order.

Economic Dimension Globalization is the

Globalism: The Elite Perspective on Global (Techno-economic) tremendous increase of
economic integration and
Economic Integration production
needs I want intensified movement of
I money goods, services,
Abinales and Claudio (2003) convey Manfred Steger's technologies, and capital
notion that societal elites often argue economic across borders (Roshi,
globalization benefits everyone by fostering democracy 2009).
and freedom, a concept Steger calls Globalism.
Political Dimension Political globalization is
This perspective of Steger lies in his analysis that the about the expansion of a
people advocating for global integration (the Globalists) alliance global political system,
view freedom, free markets, free trade, and democracy as and its institutions,
synonymous and interrelated concepts. That one cannot in which inter-regional
invoke democracy without the presence of the free-market transactions (including, but
system as an economic policy. not limited to, trade) are
managed
Thus, we can infer that the term Globalization is not
merely a noun that represents our social condition
~objective
(Globality) but also an action that pertains to the process
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THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
MODULE 1: GLOBALIZATION: CONCEPTS AND DIMENSIONS | MIDTERMS | 1st SEM | AY: 2024-2025

Socio-Cultural Anthony Giddens IDEOSCAPES <Ideas

Dimension (2017) talks about how

events from far away • refer to the meaning of symbols or a set of beliefs
affect us more than ever spreading around the world.
before. • Appadurai pointed out that this Scape is directly
related to politics and various principles of states
glocal Because of technology, like a liberal democracy.
we're connected to what's (Political Dimension)
happening globally.
TECHNOSCAPES
This affects how we see
ourselves and how we • is the advanced capabilities of technologies at an
behave, creating new unprecedented rate across borders.
norms and identities. (Techno-Economic)

It's like the world is smaller MEDIASCAPE

now, and what happens
anywhere can impact us
• refers to the visual representations of culture or
locally. realities that influence or shape people's
perception of events, ideas, and experiences.
• It was made feasible by the electronic media or
mass media from print, broadcast, and digital
media. (Socio-Cultural)
Gidden's views of Globalization are further justified by the
ETHNOSCAPE
contemporary anthropologist and globalization theorist
Arjun Appadurai's (1990) ideas, who stated that • is the increasing movement of people around the
Globalization refers to the intensified and expanded global globe.
cultural flows. • The prominent examples of this are a large
Appadurai explains that one's culture intersects and number of immigrants, tourists, and refugees
overlaps with another on a worldwide scale; it influences migrating from one place to another.
each other in various ways. • Our OFWs, exchange students abroad, or
someone visiting places for leisure or business
are a few examples of this scape. (Socio-Cultural)
Arjun Appadurai's Theory of Global Cultural Flow: By employing Appadurai's five scapes framework (F.I.T.
The Five Scapes of Culture M.E.), we can explore how different facets of globalization
interact and intersect. To illustrate this, let's consider
YouTube, the largest video streaming platform globally,
FINANCESCAPES
and examine how it aligns with Appadurai's framework.
• pertain to the rapid flow of money or capital
around the globe.
• Appadurai explains that there are observable
accelerated movements of money from stock
exchanges, currency markets, and money
transfers.
• This resulted in the emergence of more
businesses and trades on a global scale.
(Economic)

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MODULE 1: GLOBALIZATION: CONCEPTS AND DIMENSIONS | MIDTERMS | 1st SEM | AY: 2024-2025

APPLYING APPADURAI'S FIVE SCAPES TO The United Nations Sustainable Development

YOUTUBE: UNDERSTANDING Goals: Symbols of Globalization
GLOBALIZATION THROUGH THE WORLD'S
LARGEST VIDEO PLATFORM
No Poverty End poverty in all its
forms everywhere for all
FINANCESCAPES YouTube makes a lot of money people.
from ads, and Zero Hunger End hunger, achieve food
security and improved
businesses worldwide nutrition and promote
invest in advertising on sustainable
the platform, contributing agriculture
to the flow of capital
Good Health and Ensure healthy lives
globally.
Well-being and promote well-being for all
IDEOSCAPES YouTube hosts a wide Quality Education Ensure inclusive and
range of political content, equitable quality
influencing people's views education and promote
on political issues. This lifelong learning
has been termed the opportunities for all
"YouTube effect" by Gender Equality Achieve gender
scholars. equality and empower all
women and girls
TECHNOSCAPES YouTube is a significant Clean Water and Ensure availability and
development in Sanitation sustainable management
technology, leading to the of water and sanitation for
creation of new tools and all
technologies, such as Affordable and Clean Ensure access to
cameras and AI Energy affordable, reliable, sustainable
algorithms, which impact and modern energy for all
various industries.
Decent Work and Promote sustained,
Economic Growth inclusive and sustainable
MEDIASCAPE YouTube's accessibility economic growth, full and
across borders allows for productive employment
the spread of and decent work for all
cultural content like K-
pop music videos, Industry, Innovation, Build resilient
shaping global cultural and Infrastructure infrastructure, promote
trends. inclusive and
ETHNOSCAPE YouTube travel vlogs, sustainable industrialization
often created by migrants, and foster innovation
inspire others to travel and Reduced Inequality Reduce inequality within
explore different cultures, and among
contributing to global countries
migration patterns. Sustainable Cities and Make cities and human
Communities settlements inclusive,
safe, resilient and
sustainable.

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MODULE 1: GLOBALIZATION: CONCEPTS AND DIMENSIONS | MIDTERMS | 1st SEM | AY: 2024-2025

Responsible Ensure sustainable globalization is a positive force for all countries and people
Consumption and consumption and is crucial for realizing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Production production patterns Development.
Climate Action Take urgent action to combat
UN's Role in Promoting Development: During the 72nd
climate change and its
session of the UN General Assembly, the UN Secretary-
impacts
General emphasized the importance of the UN in
Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably promoting development within the context of globalization
use the oceans, seas and and interdependence.
marine resources son
sustainable development Global Momentum for 2030 Agenda: The
Secretary-General highlighted that the global momentum
to implement the 2030 Agenda represents a new frontier
Life on Land Protect, restore and of international cooperation. Implementing the SDGs can
promote sustainable use help address normative and institutional shortcomings and
of terrestrial ensure a more even distribution of globalization benefits,
ecosystems, sustainably contributing to efforts to leave no one behind.
manage forests,
combat Holistic Approach: Implementing the SDGs offers a
desertification holistic approach to addressing various global challenges,
promoting sustainable development across economic,
Peace, Justice, and Promote peaceful and
social, and environmental dimensions.
Strong Institutions inclusive societies for
sustainable development Future Discussion: Further exploration of the 17 UN
SDGs will be undertaken in Module 8.
Partnerships for the Strengthen the means of
Goals implementation and
revitalize the global
CONCLUSION
partnership for
sustainable development
Scholars talk about globalization in many ways, but one
thing is clear: it's happening all around us, and it's not
going away. The big question is, what comes next? How
KEY POINTS: do we deal with this fast-changing world?

Arjun Appadurai helps us understand globalization by

Definition of Globalization: Globalization refers to the breaking it down into different parts, like money moving
increased interconnectedness and interdependence of around the world and the spread of cultures. He says we
peoples and countries. It involves the opening of need to look at globalization from all angles, using different
international borders to faster flows of goods, services, ways of thinking from different fields. So, to really get it,
finance, people, and ideas, as well as changes in we have to see how all these parts fit together.
institutions and policies to facilitate these flows.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The SDGs are

a set of policy goals established by the United Nations to
promote sustainability on economic, social, and ecological
levels worldwide. These goals aim to be achieved by the
year 2030.

Role of Globalization in Achieving SDGs:

Globalization is seen as a key factor in achieving the
SDGs. The United Nations recognizes that ensuring

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