REVIEWER IN MATSCI (LEC 1,2,3) 4.

Processing- method to develop the

material.
Created by: BRUHH Cedweak
5. Characterization- those 4 components
Topic1: INTRODUCTION TO MATERIAL define the characteristics of a material.
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
II. Why study material science
Material Science- It tackles relationships 1. Material Selection- selecting
between the structures and properties of proper material depending on a
a material. criterion.
Material Engineering- designing, 2. New Material Fabrication- The
engineering structure of a material to need to consider any
produce pre-determined set of properties. deterioration of material properties
that may occur during service
I. COMPONENTS OF MATERIAL SCIENCE operation.
AND ENGINEERING 3. Material Investigation- consider
1. Structure- refers to the level of the efficiency, the cost, the safety
arrangement of its component. of a material.
a. Subatomic level- electrons,
protons, neutrons III. CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
b. Atomic level- elements in Solid materials are group into 3 basic
periodic table & atomic categories.
structure A. METALS- compounds with one or
c. Microscopic level- large group more metallic elements
atoms that are bonded • Relatively strong, stiff, ductile
together. • Resistant to fracture
d. Macroscopic Level- can be
• Good Conductors
viewed by naked eye.
2. Property- is a material trait in terms of the Ex: METAL ALLOYS
kind and magnitude of response to a
B. CERAMICS- compounds between
specific imposed stimulus.
metallic and non-metallic
a. Mechanical Property- relates
elements
to deformation to an applied
• Relatively strong, stiff, hard
force (strength and toughness,
• EXTREMELY BRITTLE
elastic modulus)
b. Electrical Property- electrical • Insulative to heat and
conductivity and dielectric electricity.
constant Ex: Porcelain, Clay
c. Thermal Property- Heat
capacity of a material. C. POLYMERS- Organic compounds
d. Magnetic Property- response based on non-metallic elements.
of a material to a magnetic • Not strong, stiff
field. • EXTREMELY DUCTILE
e. Optical Property- response of • Can easily be DEFORMED.
a material to EM wave LIGHT.
Ex: Plastic, Rubber
f. Deteriorative Property- chemical
reactivity of a material.
3. Performance- Function or application of
its properties.
 D. COMPOSITES- composed of two human body to replace damaged or
or more individuals, any of the deceased body parts.
three. C. SMART MATERIALS- called smart
• Combination of the because it can sense change to its
combined best environment and then respond to these
characteristic of each changes in a pre-determined manner.
material. - has a sensor and an actuator.
D. NANOMATERIALS- NANO prefix due to
Ex: Cement, Fiber Glass
the structural entities are in the order of
IN-DEPTH DISCUSSION OF BASIC NANOMETER.
MATERIALS

METALS- composed of metallic elements

such as Iron, aluminum, copper, titanium,
gold and nickel.

CERAMICS- most frequently composed

from oxides, nitride, carbides.

- Alumina, Silica, and Silicon nitride.

- More resistant to high temperature
and harsh environments

POLYMER- includes plastic and rubber

materials.

- Based on carbon, hydrogen, and

other non-metallic elements
- Has a carbon atom backbone.
- Polyethylene, PVC, nylon,
Polycarbonate
- EXTREMELY DUCTILE AND
PLIABLE

COMPOSITES- the design goal is to

achieve a combination of properties that
is displayed by a single material.

- Fiberglass, combination of glass

and polymer
IV. CLASSIFICATION OF ADVANCED
MATERIALS
A. SEMICONDUCTORS- possess
electrical properties that are between
conductor and insulators.
- Extremely sensitive to concentration of
impurity atoms.
- Revolutionized electronics and computer
industry.
B. BIOMATERIALS- employed in
components that are implanted to a
 Topic2: ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND discrete orbitals. ( BASTA MAY RING
INTERATOMIC BONDING DAW AROUND THE NUCLEUS NA
NAGDEDETERMINE SA ENERGY
I. ATOMIC STRUCTURE
LEVEL NG ISANG ELECTRON)
Atoms are consisting of very small
nucleus composed of protons and V. QUANTUM NUMBERS
neutrons that are encircled by electrons.
PRINCIPAL QUANTUM NUMBER (n)
Sub-atomic Charge Mass(kg)
- Relates to the distance of electron
Electrons -1.609x10-19C 9.11x10-31
to the nucleus.
Protons +1.609x10-19C 1.67x10-27 - Para syang ring na may values 1, 2,
Neutrons Chargeless 1.67x10-27 3 or K, M, N, L

AZIMUTHAL QUANTUM NUMBER (l)

II. CHARACTERIZATION OF ATOMS
1. ATOMIC NUMBER (Z)- represents the - Relates to the shape of the
number protons in the nucleus which is subshell.
equal to the electrons outside the nucleus. - Denoted as s, p, d, f.

MAGNETIC QUANTUM NUMBER (ml)

2. ATOMIC MASS (A)- represent the sum of
number of protons and neutrons. - Determines energy state of the
subshell.
3. ISOTOPE- elements with the same - s has 1, p has 3, d has 5, and f has
atomic number and different atomic 7.
mass.
SPIN QUANTUM NUMBER (ms)

4. ATOMIC WEIGHT- correspond to the - Orientation of electron either

weighted average of the atomic masses of upward or downward direction
the atom’s natural occurring isotopes.
VI. ELECTRON DRIVING
ATOMIC WEIGHT UNIT- PRINCIPLES
1 mol is equal to 6.022x1023 atoms. PAULI’S EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE
It is called Avogadro’s numbers. - No electron can be identified by the
same set of quantum numbers.
III. BUILDING BLOCK OF AN ATOM - Dapat hindi sila same ng orientation
ng electron charge.
ISOBARS- elements with same atomic mass
but different atomic number
AUFBAU PRINCIPLE
ISOMERS- elements with the same molecular - Electrons fills the lowest energy
formula but different structures. level before filling the higher energy
level.
ISOTONES- elements with the same number of
neutrons but different number of protons.
HUND’S RULE
ISOTOPES- elements with the same atomic - Every orbital in a particular sublevel
number but different atomic mass. is initially occupied by a single
electron before any orbital is double
IV. BOHR ATOMIC MODEL occupied.
- States that electrons are assumed to
revolve around the atomic nucleus in
 - Kada box ng s p d f nilalagyan muna - Attractive bonding fore between
ng isa equally, then mag dodoble. positive and negative ions termed
VII. ELECTRON CONFIGURATION as Coulombic force.
- Structure of an atom that represent
Example: Sodium (Na) + Chloride (Cl) =
the way states are occupied.
NaCl
{ USE DIAGONAL line method}
B. COVALENT BONDING
Remember :s can store 2 electrons - Chemical bonding that is most
commonly occurring for non-
P can store 6 electrons
metallic elements
D can store 10 electrons - Chemical bond that results from
sharing of valence electron.
F can store 14 electrons
Ex: Hydrogen and Carbon forming
VIII. PERIODIC TABLE Hydrocarbons compounds.
GROUP IA- Alkali Metals C. METALLIC BONDING
GROUP IIA- Alkaline Earth Metal - Found in Metal and alloys
obviously.
GROUP IIIB- IIA- Transition Metals - Valence electrons are not bound
GROUP IIIA- VIA- Semi Metals to any particular atom.
- Form “Sea of electrons” or “
GROUP VIIA- Halogens Electron Cloud”
GROUP 0: Noble Gasses

ELECTROPOSITIVE ELEMENTS

- Elements under metal

classification
- Gives up electron to form positive
ions.

ELECTRONEGATIVE ELEMENTS

- Elements above metal

classification
- Accepts electron to form negative
ions.

IX. INTERATOMIC BONDING

A. IONIC BONDING
- Found in compounds of metallic
and non-metallic elements.
- Occurs between positive and
negative ions.