ST.

ANTHONY’S COLLEGE
San Jose, Antique

OUTCOMES-BASED CURRICULUM PACING GUIDE

Program: CELESTIAL NAVIGATION
Department:
Area of Specialization:

Prepared by:
Reviewed by: Approved by:
Date of Effectivity:
ANA LINDA O. SANTOS, Ph.D.
Professor

MAGDALENA E. OTICO, Ph.D.

Instructor
First Semester, AY 2017-2018
ROY Q. PALLON, Ph.D. ANA LINDA O. SANTOS, Ph.D.
MARIA DIVINA M. DELGADO, MA Dean VP for Academic Affairs
Instructor

Course Number: Descriptive Title: CELESTIAL NAVIGATION

Course Credit/s: Lecture Hours/ Week: 2 hrs Laboratory Hours/ Week: 3 hrs

Pre-requisite/s: ALL PROFESSIONAL COURSES

Course Description:
General Description:
Celestial Navigation predicts the future positions and motions of celestial bodies and seeks to understand and explain their physical properties.
Navigational astronomy, deals principally with celestial coordinates, time, and the apparent motions of celestial bodies. This includes solar system,
celestial sphere and equinoctial system of co-ordinates, horizontal system coordinates, hour angle, daily motion and horizontal system of
coordinates, amplitude, time and equation of time, nautical almanac, latitude by meridian altitude, pole star observations and position fixing.
Statement of Competency:
1. Plan and conduct a passage and determine position
2. Determine position and the accuracy of resultant position fix by any means
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the students will be able to:
Course Learning Outcomes Program Learning Outcomes
PLO PLO PLO PLO PLO PLO PLO PLO PLO PLO1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
CO1. Shown mastery and clear understanding of the Institution and College’s policies,
regulations, VGMO and course requirements.
CO2. Described the solar system, the earth’s orbit and rotation around its axis, and how these
motions lead to the phenomena of seasons and day and night. Identified the distinction
between inferior and superior planets and identified the planets that are of use for navigation.

CO3. Illustrated and compared the earth system of coordinates and equinoctial system of
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 coordinates. Pointed out the different reference point in measuring hour angles and calculated
problems involving hour angles. Obtained the true azimuth of a celestial body through
amplitude calculation and constructed it on azimuthal equidistant and orthographic projection
using principles and components of horizon system of coordinates.
CO4. Interpreted the concept of time and solved practical time problems.
CO5. Identified and extracted contents and information from nautical almanac essential to the
watch keeping officer. Determined and calculated a fix by means of sextant through
astronomical position lines, latitude of the observer using meridian passage and latitude of the
observer with regards to pole star.

Legend: I –Introducedskills in the course, P – Practiced skills with supervision in the course,D – Demonstrated skills without supervision in the course

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4hrs.  Describes the composition and Celestial navigation Lecture Discussion Quiz The Principles and
dimensions of the solar system Practice of  Class
 Names inferior and superior planets Ability to use celestial Navigation. By: A. Record/seat
 Describes the earth's elliptical orbit, and bodies to determine Frost, master plan
states approximate perihelion and the ship’s position mariner, M.R.I.N.  Whiteboard/
aphelion distances and dates CHAPTER 11 p.182 marker
 Explains the eccentricity of the earth's Solar system  Syllabus/IG
orbit  Others
 Describes the inclination of the earth's (check)
axis to the plane of the orbit and the (/) laptop
stability of the axis (ignoring precession) (/) LCD
and its effect on the seasons projector
 States the dates of the solstices and ( ) Simulator
equinoxes
 Explains the concept of the earth's axial
rotation giving day and night
 Explains the varying length of daylight
through the year
 Explains daylight and darkness
conditions in various latitudes at the
solstices and equinoxes
 Describes the significance of the tropics
of Cancer and Capricorn and of the Arctic
and Antarctic Circles

4hrs.  Describes the celestial sphere Celestial sphere and Lecture Discussion Quiz The Principles and
 Explains the apparent annual motion of equinoctial system of Practice of
the sun and the concept of the ecliptic co-ordinates Navigation. By: A.
 Defines 'celestial poles', 'celestial Frost, master
meridians', 'equinoctial' and the 'obliquity mariner, M.R.I.N.
of the ecliptic' CHAPTER 11 p.182
 States that the equinoctial as a fixed
reference plane and the direction of the
First Point of Aries as a reference
direction (ignoring the effect of
precession)
 Describes the equinoctial system of co-
ordinates and defines sidereal hour
angle, declination and polar distance
 Extracts information from the star
diagrams in the Nautical Almanac or
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equivalent star finding device

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4hrs.  Describes the concept of the earth's axial Hour Angle The Principles and
rotation causing change in the hour angle Practice of
of bodies Lecture Discussion Quiz Navigation. By: A.
 Defines 'Greenwich Hour Angle (GHA)', Frost, master
'Local Hour Angle (LHA)' and longitude, mariner, M.R.I.N.
and explains their relationship CHAPTER 11 p.182
 Describes the rate of change of GHA of
the sun and Aries
 Identifies the tabulation of SHA, GHA, and
declination (and 'd' and 'v' corrections) in
the Nautical Almanac for all celestial
bodies
 Determines the geographical position of
a body for any given GMT

6hrs.  Defines 'rational horizon', 'zenith' and Daily Motion and Tutorial Essay The Principles and
'nadir' Horizontal System of Practice of
 Defines 'vertical circle' and 'prime Co-ordinates Navigation. By: A.
vertical circle' Frost, master
 Defines 'elevated pole' and 'depressed mariner, M.R.I.N.
pole' CHAPTER 11 p.182
 Proves that the altitude of the elevated
pole is equal to the observer's latitude
 Defines the observer's upper and lower
celestial meridian
 Identifies the apparent daily path of all
bodies
 Defines 'true altitude', 'azimuth', and
'true zenith distance'
 Explains the relationship between
azimuth, quadrantal bearings and 360o
notation bearing
 Recognizes rising and setting points and
defines amplitude
 Explains the meaning of the term
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circumpolar and describes the conditions
necessary for a body to be circumpolar
 Describes the condition necessary for a
body to cross the prime vertical
 Recognizes the parts of the PZX triangle
 Draws figures on the plane of the rational
horizon and of the observer's celestial
meridian, using the equidistant projection
to illustrate navigational problems and
principles

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6hrs.  Defines 'sextant altitude' Sextant and Altitude Knowledge Forum Written Exam The Principles and
 Describes the parts of a sextant Corrections Practice of
 Demonstrate how to retrieve and return a Navigation. By: A.
sextant into the storage box Frost, master
 Demonstrates how to read a sextant mariner, M.R.I.N.
 Shows how to correct a sextant into CHAPTER 11 p.182
which has been introduced one or more
of error of perpendicularity, side error or
index error
 Demonstrates how to find the index error
of the sextant by the horizon
 Describes how to find the index error of
the sextant by the sun
 Uses the sextant for taking vertical and
horizontal angles
 Describes the purpose of altitude
correction
 Defines 'visible', 'sensible' and 'rational'
horizons
 Defines 'observed altitude' and 'true
altitude'
 Defines 'dip', 'refraction', 'semi-diameter'
and 'parallax', and explains their causes
 Applies index error
 Applies the corrections for the items
listed in above objectives and explains
the factors determining their magnitude
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 Illustrates the effect of terrestrial
refraction on the dip and distance of the
sea horizon
 Demonstrates the use the altitude
correction tables in the Nautical Almanac,
including reference to critical tables,
interpolation tables and low-altitude
correction tables
 Obtains the true zenith distance from the
true altitude of the body

2hrs.  Determines the observed altitude of the Amplitude Knowledge Forum Written Exam The Principles and
sun when the true altitude is zero Practice of
 Explains the effect of latitude on the Navigation. By: A.
accuracy of amplitude observations Frost, master
mariner, M.R.I.N.
CHAPTER 11 p.182
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 Calculates the LAT and LMT of the
theoretical and visible rising and setting
of the sun
 Extracts information from the tabulation
of the rising and setting of the sun in the
Nautical Almanac

2hrs.  Defines describes the apparent solar day Time and equation of Knowledge Forum Written Exam The Principles and
and states the relationship between LHA time Practice of
(sun) and LAT Navigation. By: A.
 Defines ‘sidereal day’ and states that it is Frost, master
a fixed time interval mariner, M.R.I.N.
 Explains the reasons for the sun's CHAPTER 11 p.182
irregular rate of change of SHA and
hence the necessity to adopt the
astronomical mean sun for timekeeping
purposes
 Describes the equation of time (ET) and
its components
 Determines the ET from the Almanac and
its sign of application
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 Defines GMT, LMT and longitude
 Defines zone times and standard time
 Explains how to alter the ship's time
during a passage with increasing or
decreasing longitude
 Demonstrates the use of time signals
 Determines the error of a chronometer or
watch

6hrs.  Describes the information contained in Determine position Peer Group Work Written Exam The Principles and
general in the Nautical Almanac (NA) and and the accuracy of Practice of
in detail in the daily pages resultant position fix Navigation. By: A.
 Uses the tables of corrections and by any means Frost, master
incremental corrections in the Nautical mariner, M.R.I.N.
Almanac Nautical Almanac CHAPTER 11 p.182
 Finds the LHA of a body, given the date,
GMT and longitude of the observer
 Explains the importance of the First Point
of Aries

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 Finds the LHA of Aries, given the date, Determine position Peer Group Work Written Exam The Principles and
GMT and longitude of the observer and the accuracy of Practice of
 Explains what is meant by the sidereal resultant position fix Navigation. By: A.
hour angle of a star and obtains it from by any means Frost, master
the Nautical Almanac mariner, M.R.I.N.
 Derives the LHA of a star from the LHA of Nautical Almanac CHAPTER 11 p.182
Aries and the SHA of the star
 Demonstrates the uses the information in
the Nautical Almanac to obtain the LMT
of the meridian passage of a body to the
nearest minute and interpolates for the
observer's longitude when necessary
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
3Hrs.  Applies the true zenith distance of a body Latitude by Meridian Peer Group Work Written Exam The Principles and
when it is on the observer's meridian to Altitude Practice of
the declination of the body, to obtain the Navigation. By: A.
observer's latitude Frost, master
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 Applies these correctly when the mariner, M.R.I.N.
declination and latitude have the same CHAPTER 11 p.182
name
 Applies these correctly when the
declination and latitude have different
names
 Describes the relationship between the
altitude of the elevated pole and the
latitude of the observer
 Explains what is meant by a circumpolar
star, and the terms upper and lower
transit
 Finds the value of the polar distance of
the body, using its declination
 Applies the polar distance to the true
altitude of a body at lower transit to find
the altitude of the elevated pole and the
latitude
 Describes the direction of the position
line through the observer when taking a
meridian altitude

3hrs.  Identifies certain major stellar Pole Star Peer Group Work Written Exam The Principles and
constellations and navigational stars, Observations Practice of Navigation.
describes their movement relative to By: A. Frost, master
Polaris and the movement of Polaris with mariner, M.R.I.N.
CHAPTER 11 p.182
change of latitude
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 Identifies Polaris Pole Star Peer Group Work Written Exam The Principles and
 Identifies some major constellations Observations Practice of
 Describes the motion of the stars about Navigation. By: A.
Polaris Frost, master
 Describes the relationship between the mariner, M.R.I.N.
altitude of Polaris and the observer's CHAPTER 11 p.182
latitude
 Deduces from the above objective that
the true altitude of Polaris can be used to
find the latitude of the observer
 Obtains the corrections, -1o, +a0, +a1,
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+a2, from Pole Star tables in the 'Nautical
Almanac' and applies them to the
altitude of Polaris to find the latitude of
the observer
 Finds the true azimuth of Polaris from the
tables and the direction of the position
line
20hrs.  Combines the equinoctial and horizon Position Fixing Peer Group Work Written Exam The Principles and
system of co-ordinates to determine the Practice of
centre and radius of a position circle and Navigation. By: A.
its direction in the vicinity of a selected Frost, master
position mariner, M.R.I.N.
 Applies the principles of a method of CHAPTER 11 p.182
enabling the navigator to draw a small
part of the position circle in his vicinity to
a practical problem
 Explains the assumptions made when
plotting celestial position lines and the
circumstances in which they may
become significant
 Determines the direction of a position
line through an observer and a position
through which it passes
 Defines and evaluates the co-latitude,
polar distance and zenith distance and
uses them as the sides of the PZX
triangle
 Solves the PZX triangle to find the
calculated zenith distance of the body
when it is out of the meridian
 Applies this calculated zeníth distance to
the true zenith distance of the body to
find the intercept and the intercept
terminal point

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10hrs.  Determines parameters for position Celestial Laboratory Work Practical The Principles and

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monitoring on ocean passages using Observations (7.01) Assessment Practice of
celestial observations of the sun and Navigation. By: A.
stars uses appropriate techniques, Frost, master
frequency and is completed accurately mariner, M.R.I.N.
 Assess the accuracy of position CHAPTER 11 p.182
monitoring using celestial techniques

FINAL EXAMINATION

Other References:
De Belen, Rustico T. Education Laws and Jurisprudence. A Development Perspective 5th ed. 2011. Quezon City: C & E Publishing Inc.
Sarmiento, Ulan P. Education Law and the Private Schools. A Practical Guide for Educational Leaders and Policymakers Revised Expanded Edition. 2009

Grading Components Grading System

Class Standing ------------------------------ 60%Highest Grade ------- 95 (old) or 100 (new)
Quizzes/Long Test ---------20% Passing Grade ------- 75
Seatwork -------------------10% Failing Grade--------- 74 and below
Assignments ---------------10% Lowest Grade ------- 70
Project ---------------------- 20%
Computation of Course Grade
Periodic Examination ---------------------40%Prelim Grade + Midterm Grade + Final Grade = Average Grade (Course Grade)
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Total ---------------------------------------- 100%

Raw scores are transmuted, where 50% is equivalent to the passing grade of 75%

Rules on Attendances
1. An Excuse Letter duly signed by the Dean shall be required from a student who was absent before he or she is allowed to enter a class.
2. A student who incurs absences of more than twenty (20%) of the prescribed number of class hours during the school term shall fail and earn no credit for the
course.
3. A student who has incurred absences of not more than twenty (20%) of the prescribed number of class hours shall be given warnings:
For a 3-unit course:
Absencesin three (3) class meetings (4.5 hours) – First Warning – A Letter from the Dean is given to the student concerned.
Absences in five (5) class meetings (7.5 hours) - Second Warning – A Letter from the Dean is sent to the parent/guardian of the student concerned.
Absences in seven (7) class meetings (10.5 hours) – Last Warning – A Letter from the Dean is sent to the parent/guardian of the student concerned.
A student who has incurred absences beyond the last warning shall be deemed “Failed” in the course.
Rule on Tardiness
1. A student who comes to class fifteen (15) minutes late shall be marked absent, but will be allowed to stay in the class.
2. A student who is marked absent due tardiness shall not be given merit in any activity/quiz given during the class.
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Rules on Periodic Examinations
A. Preliminary and Midterm Examinations

A student who has not taken either the Preliminary Examination orthe Midterm Examination on the scheduled date shall be given two weeks after the regular
schedule within which to apply for and take theSpecial Examination.He or she shall accomplish a Special Examination Application Form before taking the Special
Examination. However, if he or she fails to take the said examination within the prescribed period of two weeks after the regular schedule, he or she is given a zero
(0) mark which is non-transmutable.

B. Final Examination
A student who has not taken the Final Examination on the scheduled date shall be given a “grace period” of two (2) semesters or one academic year within which
to comply. This rule does not apply to students in their terminal curriculum year. If a student had not taken the Final Examination after the “grace period” of two
semesters or one academic year had lapsed, he or she will be given a failing mark.

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