Introduction To

Computers
Exercise 2

Department of Computer Science

Faculty of Information Communication Technology
(FICT)

Published at: 12.11.2022 12:35 AM

Tutorial date:
Submission date 19.11.2022 12:35AM
Total Points 20

General Remarks
Welcome to the second exercise for Introduction to Computers. Please adhere to the following general
remarks regarding the organization of the exercise during this winter term.

- You will have one week to work on the exercise. The deadline is mentioned above.

- A new exercise will be published the same day you submit the previous exercise on google classroom.

- The exercise serves as your hands-on experience in addition to the lecture and as a preparation for the
exam.

- Plagiarized and copied content is not accepted, the exercise will be graded as zero.

- Be precise in your answers, read the question as many times as you can, using keywords will increase
your chances of full marks.

- Follow the following formatting steps → Font family = Calibri, Font size = 10, Color= Black, Alignment =
justified

- If you are using content from some online sources then Cite the references in the end of your assignment.

- Do not destroy the structure of the exercise, edit the PDF on sejda.com/ ilovepdf.com then add your
content.
 Problem 1 – Terminology 20 Points

a) What is cloud computing? How does the whole process work on the Cloud?

Cloud computing is the on-demand use of computer resources stored in a distant data center and controlled
by a cloud services provider (or CSP) CSPs are large buildings filled with computer more specifically Servers
and these servers provide service like Running applications storing data processing web hosting etc. on behalf
of customers
Cloud computing refers to the data and applications that are stored and run on the cloud server rather than
on your local computer

The cloud is basically a decentralized place to share information through satellite networks. Every cloud
application has a host, and the hosting company is responsible for maintaining the massive data centers that
provide the security, storage capacity and computing power needed to maintain all the information users
send to the cloud.

Cloud servers are in data centers all over the world. By using the cloud, users and companies don't have to
manage physical servers themselves or run software applications on their own machines. The cloud enables
users to access the same files and applications from almost any device, because the computing and storage
takes place on servers and a remote data center, instead of on a user's device. For example, Gmail stores
emails and attachments in Google drive cloud storage, allowing users to access their email and files via any
Internet connected device.

b) What are the different types of Cloud Computing Delivery Models?

Cloud services are divided into 3 major categories which are

Software as a Service, Platform as a Service and Infrastructure as Service
IaaS: It allows organizations to purchase resources like networking and storage
PaaS: The platform that can be accessed through the internet provides developers
SaaS: is the most comprehensive form of cloud computing services, delivering an entire application that is
managed by a provider, via a web browser.

c) How do you connect your personal computer/laptop to the internet? Explain the process in steps.

We can connect out Computer/laptop to the internet through wired connection like Ethernet (Cable internet), DSL
or FTTP. And by Wireless connection like Wi-Fi(wireless-fidelity), Hotspot,
Steps for connecting a computer through Ethernet
1. Make sure your network is running. In order to connect to an Internet network, the network's modem
must be connected to an Internet output
2. Find a free Ethernet port on your router or modem
3. Locate your computer's Ethernet port
4. Connect the computer to the router or modem
5. Wait for your computer to connect to the Internet
 Steps for connecting a computer through Wi-Fi/hotspot
1. First thing First make sure you have a active internet connection
2. Click the "Wi-Fi" icon and turn it on (if closed)
3. Select your wireless network's name.
4. Click Connect and Enter Network’s security password
5. Wait for the network to connect.

d) What are the different characteristics of your computer? Name them.

1. CPU: Intel® Core™ i5 3230M CPU @ 2.60GHz System Type 64-bit Operating System
2. Memory: RAM 4.00 (3.99) usable
3. Graphics: AMD Radeon Rx560
4. External Storage: 120gb SSD + 500gb HDD
5. Monitor: ASUS 1920x1080 60Hz
6. Mouse
7. Keyboard
8. Speakers

e) Define the term “Network”. How many types of network are there?

A Term network can be described as a system of interconnected devices, computers, servers, mainframes, network
devices, that can communicate using some common standards (called protocols). These devices communicate to
exchange resources (e.g., files and printers) and services.
There are Total 11 types of Networks
1. Local Area Network (LAN): allows users to connect within a short distance in a common area
2. Personal area network (PAN): is a small-scale network that revolves around one person or device
3. Wireless local area network (WLAN): operates similarly to a LAN, it transmits data within a small area
4. Campus area network (CAN): is a network used in educational environments like universities, school
5. Wide area network (WAN): is an extensive network that's not confined to geographical space

Other networks are MAN, SAN, POLAN, EPN and VPN

f) What is the difference between high-bandwidth network and low-bandwidth network?

The Major difference between high and low bandwidth is latency. The lower the bandwidth the more time
computer Spend to download the data. A high bandwidth network generally can deliver more information than a
low bandwidth network given the same amount of a time

Consider your connection's bandwidth to be a freeway, and your data to be six cars moving at the same speed.
A high-bandwidth freeway would have six lanes, allowing all cars to arrive simultaneously in one second. A low
bandwidth freeway would have a single lane, allowing all cars to arrive in 6 seconds.
 g) Look at the scenario below, where Part A sends an email to Party B.

1. At point 2 in the diagram, what protocol is being used?

SMTP
This stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. This is a standard protocol for sending emails over the Internet. This
is a protocol that is used by a Mail Transfer Agent to deliver emails to a recipient’s email server.

2. At point 4 in the diagram, what protocol is being used?

SMTP
This stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. This is a standard protocol for sending emails over the Internet. This
is a protocol that is used by a Mail Transfer Agent to deliver emails to a recipient’s email server.

3. At point 6 in the diagram, what protocol is being used?

(IMAP) or POP
POP Post Office Protocol or IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol are the protocols that used for retrieving
email
4. What is an email server?

An email server, also called a mail server, is essentially a computer system that sends and receives emails.it works
as a virtual post office. The Email server stores incoming mail for distribution to local users and sends out outgoing
messages. When we send an email, it goes through a series of servers to reach its final destination

h) What is a Protocol? Give an example of a protocol used to transfer files on internet.

A protocol is a set of rules and guidelines for communicating data. Rules are defined for each step and process
during communication between two or more computers. Networks have to follow these rules to successfully
transmit data.
File Transfer Protocol helps to transfer files from one computer to another and allow file transfer to be safe and
secure. Examples of Files Transferring protocols are FTP, FTPs, HTTP etc.

i) What are the different protocols used when sending and receiving emails?

Protocol Name Sending Email Receiving Email

SMTP YES NO
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
IMAP NO YES
Internet Message Access Protocol
POP3 NO YES
Post Office 3 protocol
HTTP YES NO
Hypertext Transfer Protocol

j) What are Push and Pull protocols?

in push protocols, the client opens a connection to the server and keeps it constantly active. The server will send
(push) all new events to the client using that single always-on connection. In other words, the server PUSHes the
new events to the client.
In Simple Words in push protocol the data is flowing from the server and going to the respective client… Like the
customer as a client is receiving his/her orders from the kitchen…

The pull protocol on the other hand is the data is coming from the customer and being uploaded on to the server
In pull protocols, the client periodically connects to the server, checks for and gets (pulls) recent events and then
closes the connection and disconnects from the server. In this mode, the clients periodically PULLs the new events
from the server.

For example, your cell phone is always connected to the mobile network. When a caller calls, the network sends
the call to your cell phone via that active connection your cell phone already have. This is PUSH.
But, when you're waiting for a specific program on your TV, you repeatedly turn it on and check if your program
started and then turn in off. This is PULL.
k) What do you understand by the term “Animation”? Define it in your own words.

Animation is the process of bringing images to life. Animation is the capturing of sequential, static images—
drawings or photos of inanimate objects—and play them quickly one after the other to create motion in real life.
Images are manipulated to look as though they are moving

l) Pose-to-Pose Animation is a type of animation, “which creates the key poses key poses for characters and then in between
them in intermediate frames to make the character appear to move from one pose to the next”.

1. Create an animation of a cartoon character (of your choice) using “Pose-to-Pose” technique.

2. Write down the steps of how you created the Animation.

3. Once you are done, convert the animation into gif file and upload it with your solution.

4. Use anyone of the following tools for animation.

▪ Blender,
▪ Photoshop
▪ Animate
▪ After effects

Steps of how I created my Animation

I had Created my Animation on Adobe Animate

• I choose the Character from ANIMATE Library, That I liked to use for my animation
• put the character on the Stage screen (initially it was on left side of the screen)
• Move the Character with each frame (at final it was on right side of the screen)
• Choose the background and paste it on the screen
• Moved the background layer to the bottom
• After completion, Exported the file (GIF type)

Animation GIF file is attached with the Assignment