Syllabus for B.Sc.

I
There will be three theory papers of three hours duration each.

FIRST PAPER (M.M. 34)

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

1. ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR STRUCTURE [12]

(a) Bohr’s and Sommerfields Atomic Models, de Broglie equation, Heisenberg

uncertainty principal, Schrödinger wave equation, Radial and angular wave function,
Physical significance and characteristics of a wave function, shape of s, p, d and f-
orbitals. quantum numbers, Pauli Exclusion principal, Hund’s multiplicity rule, Aufbau
principle and electronic configuration of atoms. Periodic classification of elements
(IUPAC recommendations), Long from of periodic table including translawrencium
elements.
(b) Structure of nucleus, fundamental praticles, forces in the nucleus, stability-N/P ratio
and binding energy. Packing fraction.

2. PROPERTIES OF THE ELEMENTS [12]

Atomic, Covalent and Ionic radii, Ionization potential, Electron affinity, Electro
negativity including idea about group electro negativity and their variation in the
Periodic table. Ionic Potential, Lattice energy and hydration energy their relation to
solubility of ionic Compounds.

3. CHEMICAL BONDING [12]

Ionic, covalent (polar and non-polar), coordinate bonds, sigma-and pi-bonds,

hydrogen bond, Van der Waal’s forces and metallic bond.. Covalent character in
ionic bonds (Fajans’ rules), partial ionic character of a covalent bond.
4. COORDINATION CHEMISTRY [10]

Double salts and coordination compounds. Werner’s theory, Sedgwick’s concept of

effective atomic number (EAN), IUPAC system of nomenclature of coordination
compounds. Types and classification of ligands.

5. ELECTRODE POTENTIAL [10]

Electrode potentials and importance of electrochemical series. Electrode potential

diagrame and its applications.

6. CHEMISTRY OF ZERO GROUP AND s-BLOCK ELEMENTS [12]

(a) Isolation and separation of inert gases from air, and compounds of inert gases.

(b) Chemical reactivity of alkali and earth metals and group trends. Uses of S-block
elements and their compounds (Li, Na and K only). Organometallic compounds of
Li, Na, K, Be and Mg . polyether complexes (crown ether complexes) of alkali
metals.

7. EXTRACTION OF ELEMENTS [14]

General principle of extraction and purification of metals. Occurrence and isolation of
the elements, Extraction and isolation of Li, Be and Ra from their minerals.
8. PREPARATIONS, PROPERTIES AND USES OF: [8]
(a) Heavy water, lithium tetrahydroaluminate, lithium stearate, basic beryllium
acctate.
(b) STRUCTURES AND BONDING OF :
H2O2,Be (BH4)2, BeMe2, Anhydrous beryllium chloride, basic beryllium acetate,
polymeric Ca (C5H5)2.
9. PRINCIPLES INVOLVED IN QUALITATIVE AND VOLUMETRIC
ANALYSES [10]

(a) Chemical reaction in qualitative analysis of inorganic mixture and problems based
on mixture analysis.
(b) Application of Coordination compounds in qualitative analysis.
(c) General principal of volumetric analysis, Redox titrations, Equivalent weight,
normality and molality. Numericals based on volumetric analysis.

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 SECOND PAPER
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
60 Hrs. (2Hrs/week)

 Structure and Bonding 5 Hrs

Hybridization, bond lengths and bond angles, bond energy, localized and
Delocalized chemical bond. Resonance, hyper conjugation, electromeric, inductive
and field effects, hydrogen bonding.

 Mechanism of Organic Reaction 8 Hrs

Cured arrow notation, drawing electron movements with arrows, half-headed and
double headed arrow, homolytic and heterolytic bond breaking, Types of reagents
electrophiles and nucleophiles. Types of organic reactions. Energy considerations.
Reactive intermediates– carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, arynes
and nitrenes (with examples).

 Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds 12 Hrs

Concept of isomerism. Types of isomerism .

Optical isomerism- elements of symmetry, molecular chirality, enantionmers,
stereogenic center, optical activity, properties of enantiomers, chiral and achiral
molecules with two stereogenic centers, diastereomers, thero and erythro
diastereomers, meso compounds, resolution of enantiomers, inversion, retention and
racemization.
Relative and absolute configuration, sequence rules, D& Land R& S system of
nomemclature.
Geometric isomerism – Elementary idea of geometrical isomerism, determination of
configuration of geometric isomers. E & Z system of nomenclature, geometrical
isomerism in oximes and alicyclic compounds .
Conformational isomerism – conformational analysis of ethane and n- butane,
conformations of cyclohexane axial and equatorial bonds, conformation of monosub-
stituted cyclohexane derivatives.Newman projection and Fischer formulae.
Difference between configuration and conformation .

 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes 7 Hrs

Methods of formation (with special reference to wurtz reaction, Kolbe reaction,

Corey – House reaction and decarboxylation of carboxylic acids) and chemical
reaction of alkanes. Mechanism of free radical halogenation of alkanes: orientation,
reactivity and selectivity. Cycloalkanes- Methods of formation, chemical reaction,
Baeyer’s strain theory and its limitations, Ring-strain in small rings (cyclopropane),
theory of strain less rings. The case of cyclopane ring : banana bonds.

 Alkenes, Dienes and Alkynes 12 Hrs

Alkenes- Methods of formation, mechanisms of dehydration of alcohol and

dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides, regioselectivity in alcohol dehydration. The
Saytzef rule, Hofman elimination and relative stabilites of alkenes.
Chemical reaction of alkenes- mechanisms involved in hydrogenation, electrophilic
and free radical additions, markownikoffs rule, hydroboration- oxidation,
oxymercuration-reduction. Epoxidation, ozonolysis, hydration, hydroxylation and
oxidation with KMnO4. substitution at the allylic and vinylic positions of alkenes.
Structure of allenes and butadiene, methods of formation . Chemical reactions- 1,2
and 1, 4 additions. Diels-Alder reaction.
Alkynes – Methods of formation. Chemical reactions of alkynes , acidity of alkynes.
Mechanism of electrophilic and nucleophilic addition reaction, hydroboration
Oxidation, metal- ammonia reductions and oxidation.
 Arenes and Aromaticity 8 Hrs

Structure of benzene; molecular fomula and Kekule structure. Stability, and carbon
carbon bond lengths of benzene, resonance structure, MO picture .
Aromaticity: the Huckel rule, aromatic ions .
Aromatic electrophilic substitution- general pattern of the mechanism role of α and
π- complexes. Mechanism of nitration, halogenation, sulphonation, mercuration- and
Friedel- Crafts reaction. Activating and deactivating substituents, orientation and
ortho/para ratio. Side chain reactions of benzene derivatives. Brich reduction .
Methods of formation and chemical reaction of alkyl benzenes, alkynylbenzenes and
biphenyl.

 Alkyl and Arylhalides 8 Hrs

Alkyl halides- methods off ormation, chemical reaction. Mechanisms of nucleophilic

substitution reaction ns of alkyl halides, S N2 and SN1 reaction with energy profile
diagrams.
Aryl halides- The addition- elimination and the elimination- addition mechanisms of
nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Relative reactivates of alkyl halides vs
allyl, vinyl and aryl halides.

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 THIRD PAPER
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
(M.M. 33)

1. GASES :
Kinetic theory of gases and gas laws, specific heat ratio Cp/Cv. Non-
ideality of gas behaviour, Van der Walls equation of state equation of state, critical
constants and their determination. Reference to some other equations of state e . g .
Berthelot and Dieterici. Law of corresponding states. Maxwell Law of Distributions
(Quantitative treatment).

2. THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS :

Thermodynamic terms and statement of the first law, thermodynamic
reversibility and maximum work, enthalpy of a system, heat capacity at constant
volume and at constant pressure. Extensive and intensive properties, state functions
and exact differential, cyclic rule, integration factor. Variation of interal energy
with temperature and volume; enthalpy as a function of temperature and pressure.
Relation between Cp and Cv.
Joule-Thomson effect : Joule and Joule-Thomson effect, Joule-
Thomson conefficient. Inversion temperature. Van der Waals equation and Joule-
Thomson effect.
Important thermodynamic quantitites (W,Q, E and H ) in an isothermal
expansion of an ideal gas and adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas. Calculation of
various thermodynamic quantities for Van der Waals gases undergoing various
operations under different conditions.
3. THERMOCHEMISTRY :
Heal of reaction, formation, combution and neutralisation, solvation,
dilution and hydration, hess’s law and its application, Bond energy and resonance
energy.
4. CHEMICAL KINETICS :
Reaction rate, order and molecularity of reaction, zero, first, second and third
order reaction. Methods for determining the order of a reaction. Complex reaction
opposing reaction, consecutive reaction and side reaction with reference to first
order reaction. Effect of temperature on reaction velocity. Energy of activation and
collision theory of bi-molecular gaseous reactions.

5. ELECTROCHEMISTRY :
Electrolytic conductance : equivalence conductance, molecular conductance,
variation of conductance with concentration, Kohlrausch’s law of independent
migration of ions, conductance ratio, effect of other factors on conductance.
Qualitative treatment of the interionic attraction theory. Ionic mobilities, transport
number, determination of transport number (Hittorf and moving boundary
method), some applications of conductance measurements. Hydrolysis of salts.
Bronsted and Lewis acids and bases. pH and pKa, acid-base concept in non-
aqueous media, Buffer solutions. Theory of acid-base indicators.

6. CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM :
Law of mass action and its application to homogeneous and heterogeneous
equilibria, Le-Chatelier principal and its application to chemical equilibrium.
Degree of dissociation and abnormal molecular weights.
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 Syllabus for B.Sc. I
CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL
Time : 6 Hours (1 Day ) (M.M. 50)
1. Analysis of inorganic mixture including insolubles and interfering radicals
(Four Radicals only). 12 Marks
2. Volumetric Analysis :
(i) Use of K2Cr2O7 (Determination of Iron), and
(ii) Iodometry and Iodimetry (Determination of Copper, dichromate,
Permanganate and arsenious oxide). 12 Marks
3. Detection of elements and functional groups in organic compounds- only two
compounds (one element and one group). 16 Marks
4. Records and viva-voce. (5+5) = 10 Marks
Students shall be given three experiments each of two hours duration inorganic
mixture of 12 marks, volumetric of 12 marks and two organic compounds of 16
marks) in the annual practical examination.

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