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DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:

Database Management System or DBMS in

short refers to the technology of storing and
retrieving usersí data with utmost efficiency
along with appropriate security measures.
WHY TO LEARN DBMS?
Generally , data was organized in file formats.
A modern DBMS has the following characteristics:
Real - World Entity: A modern DBMS is more
realistic and uses real-world entities to design its
architecture.
It uses the behavior and attributes too.
For example, a school database may use students
as an entity and their age as an attribute.
 WHY TO LEARN DBMS?
Relation-based tables −
DBMS allows entities and relations among them to form
tables.
A user can understand the architecture of a database just by
looking at the table names.

Isolation of data and application − A database system is

entirely different than its data.
A database is an active entity, whereas data is said to be
passive, on which the database works and organizes.
DBMS also stores metadata, which is data about data, to
ease its own process.
WHY TO LEARN DBMS?

Less Redundancy:
DBMS follows the rules of normalization,
which splits a relation when any of its
attributes is having redundancy in values.
Normalization is a mathematically rich and
scientific process that reduces data
redundancy.
Consistency −
Consistency is a state where every relation in a
database remains consistent.
There exist methods and techniques, which can detect
attempt of leaving database in inconsistent state.
A DBMS can provide greater consistency as compared
to earlier forms of data storing applications like file-
processing systems.
Query Language −
DBMS is equipped with query language, which makes
it more efficient to retrieve and manipulate data.
A user can apply as many and as different filtering
options as required to retrieve a set of data.
Traditionally it was not possible where file-
processing system was used.
Applications Of DBMS:
Database is a collection of related data and data
is a collection of facts and figures that can be
processed to produce information.
Mostly data represents recordable facts.
Data aids in producing information, which is based
on facts.
For example, if we have data about marks
obtained by all students, we can then conclude
about toppers and average marks.
Applications Of DBMS:
A database management system stores data in
such a way that it becomes easier to retrieve ,
manipulate and produce information.
Following are the important characteristics and
applications of DBMS:

ACID Properties − DBMS follows the concepts

of Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and
Durability (normally shortened as ACID).
Applications Of DBMS:

These concepts are applied on transactions,

which manipulate data in a database.
ACID properties help the database stay healthy
in multi-transactional environments and in case
of failure.
Multiuser and Concurrent Access −
DBMS supports multi-user environment and
allows them to access and manipulate data in
parallel.
Applications Of DBMS:

Though there are restrictions on transactions when users

attempt to handle the same data item, but users are always
unaware of them.

Multiple views −
DBMS offers multiple views for different users.
A user who is in the Sales department will have a different
view of database than a person working in the Production
department.
Applications Of DBMS:

This feature enables the users to have a concentrate

view of the database according to their
requirements.
Security −
Features like multiple views offer security to some
extent where users are unable to access data of
other users and departments.
DBMS offers methods to impose constraints while
entering data into the database and retrieving the
same at a later stage
Applications Of DBMS:

Security −
DBMS offers many different levels of security
features, which enables multiple users to have
different views with different features.
For example, a user in the Sales department
cannot see the data that belongs to the
Purchase department.
Applications Of DBMS:

Security −
Additionally, it can also be managed how much
data of the Sales department should be
displayed to the user.
Since a DBMS is not saved on the disk as
traditional file systems, it is very hard for
miscreants to break the code.
Pre - requisites:

Primary Memory
Secondary Memory
Data Structures
Algorithms
DBMS Overview :
Database is a collection of related data and
data is a collection of facts and figures that
can be processed to produce information.
Mostly data represents recordable facts.
Data aids in producing information, which is
based on facts.
For example, if we have data about marks
obtained by all students, we can then conclude
about toppers and average marks.
DBMS Overview :
A database management system stores data in
such a way that it becomes easier to retrieve,
manipulate, and produce information.

Characteristics:
Traditionally, data was organized in file formats.
DBMS was a new concept then, and all the
research was done to make it overcome the
deficiencies in traditional style of data
management.
DBMS Overview :
Characteristics Of Modern DBMS:
Real-world entity −
A modern DBMS is more realistic and uses real-
world entities to design its architecture.
It uses the behavior and attributes too.
For example, a school database may use
students as an entity and their age as an
attribute.
DBMS Overview :
Characteristics Of Modern DBMS:
Relation-based tables −
DBMS allows entities and relations among them
to form tables.
A user can understand the architecture of a
database just by looking at the table names.
DBMS Overview :
Characteristics Of Modern DBMS:
Isolation of data and application −
A database system is entirely different than its
data.
A database is an active entity, whereas data is
said to be passive, on which the database works
and organizes.
DBMS also stores metadata, which is data about
data, to ease its own process.
DBMS Overview :
Characteristics Of Modern DBMS:
Isolation of data and application −
A database system is entirely different than its
data.
A database is an active entity, whereas data is
said to be passive, on which the database works
and organizes.
DBMS also stores metadata, which is data about
data, to ease its own process.
DBMS Overview :
Characteristics Of Modern DBMS:
Less redundancy −

DBMS follows the rules of normalization, which

splits a relation when any of its attributes is
having redundancy in values.
Normalization is a mathematically rich and
scientific process that reduces data redundancy.
DBMS Overview :
Characteristics Of Modern DBMS:
Consistency −
Consistency is a state where every relation in a
database remains consistent.
There exist methods and techniques, which can
detect attempt of leaving database in
inconsistent state.
DBMS Overview :
Characteristics Of Modern DBMS:
Consistency −
A DBMS can provide greater consistency as
compared to earlier forms of data storing
applications like file-processing systems.

Query Language:
DBMS is equipped with query language, which
makes it more efficient to retrieve and
manipulate data.
DBMS Overview :
Characteristics Of Modern DBMS:
Query Language:
A user can apply as many and as different
filtering options as required to retrieve a set of
data.
Traditionally it was not possible where file-
processing system was used.
DBMS Overview :
Characteristics Of Modern DBMS:
ACID Properties:
DBMS follows the concepts of Atomicity,
Consistency, Isolation, and Durability (normally
shortened as ACID).
These concepts are applied on transactions,
which manipulate data in a database.
ACID properties help the database stay healthy in
multi-transactional environments and in case of
failure.
DBMS Overview :
Characteristics Of Modern DBMS:
Multiuser and Concurrent Access −

DBMS supports multi-user environment and allows

them to access and manipulate data in parallel.
Though there are restrictions on transactions
when users attempt to handle the same data
item, but users are always unaware of them.
DBMS Overview :
Characteristics Of Modern DBMS:

Multiuser and Concurrent Access −

DBMS supports multi-user environment and allows
them to access and manipulate data in parallel.
Though there are restrictions on transactions
when users attempt to handle the same data
item, but users are always unaware of them.
DBMS Overview :
Characteristics Of Modern DBMS:

Multiple views −
DBMS offers multiple views for different users.
A user who is in the Sales department will have a different
view of database than a person working in the Production
department
This feature enables the users to have a concentrate view of
the database according to their requirements.
DBMS Overview :
Characteristics Of Modern DBMS:
Security −
Features like multiple views offer security to some
extent where users are unable to access data of
other users and departments.
DBMS offers methods to impose constraints while
entering data into the database and retrieving
the same at a later stage.
DBMS Overview :
Characteristics Of Modern DBMS:
Security −
DBMS offers many different levels of security
features, which enables multiple users to have
different views with different features.
DBMS Overview :
Characteristics Of Modern DBMS:
Security −
For example, a user in the Sales department cannot see the
data that belongs to the Purchase department.
Additionally, it can also be managed how much data of the
Sales department should be displayed to the user.
Since a DBMS is not saved on the disk as traditional file
systems, it is very hard for miscreants to break the code.
DBMS Overview :
Characteristics Of Modern DBMS:
Users:
A typical DBMS has users with different rights and
permissions who use it for different purposes.
Some users retrieve data and some back it up.
The users of a DBMS can be broadly categorized
as follows −
DBMS Overview :
Characteristics Of Modern DBMS:
Users:
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DBMS Overview :
Characteristics Of Modern DBMS:

Administrators −
Administrators maintain the DBMS and are
responsible for administrating the database.
DBMS Overview :
Characteristics Of Modern DBMS:

Administrators −
They are responsible to look after its usage and by whom it
should be used.
They create access profiles for users and apply limitations to
maintain isolation and force security.
Administrators also look after DBMS resources like system
license, required tools, and other software and hardware
related maintenance.
DBMS Overview :
Characteristics Of Modern DBMS:
Designers −
Designers are the group of people who actually
work on the designing part of the database.
They keep a close watch on what data should be
kept and in what format.
They identify and design the whole set of entities,
relations, constraints, and views.
DBMS Overview :
Characteristics Of Modern DBMS:

End Users −
End users are those who actually reap the
benefits of having a DBMS.
End users can range from simple viewers who pay
attention to the logs or market rates to
sophisticated users such as business analysts.
DBMS - Architecture:

The design of a DBMS depends on its architecture.

It can be centralized or decentralized or hierarchical.
The architecture of a DBMS can be seen as either single tier or
multi-tier.
An n-tier architecture divides the whole system into related but
independent n modules, which can be independently modified,
altered, changed, or replaced.
DBMS - Architecture:

In 1-tier architecture, the DBMS is the only entity

where the user directly sits on the DBMS and uses
it.
Any changes done here will directly be done on
the DBMS itself.
It does not provide handy tools for end-users.
Database designers and programmers normally
prefer to use single-tier architecture.
DBMS - Architecture:

If the architecture of DBMS is 2-tier, then it must

have an application through which the DBMS can
be accessed.
Programmers use 2-tier architecture where they
access the DBMS by means of an application.
Here the application tier is entirely independent
of the database in terms of operation, design,
and programming.
DBMS - Architecture:

3-tier Architecture:

A 3-tier architecture separates its tiers from each

other based on the complexity of the users and
how they use the data present in the database.
It is the most widely used architecture to design a
DBMS.
DBMS - Architecture:

3-tier Architecture:

A 3-tier architecture separates its tiers from each

other based on the complexity of the users and
how they use the data present in the database.
It is the most widely used architecture to design a
DBMS.
DBMS - Architecture:

3-tier Architecture:
DBMS - Architecture:

3-tier Architecture:

Database (Data) Tier −

At this tier, the database resides along with its
query processing languages.
We also have the relations that define the data
and their constraints at this level.
DBMS - Architecture:

3-tier Architecture:
Application (Middle) Tier:
At this tier reside the application server and the programs that
access the database.
For a user, this application tier presents an abstracted view of
the database.
End-users are unaware of any existence of the database
beyond the application.
At the other end, the database tier is not aware of any other
user beyond the application tier.
DBMS - Architecture:

3-tier Architecture:
User (Presentation) Tier −
End-users operate on this tier and they know nothing about
any existence of the database beyond this layer.
At this layer, multiple views of the database can be provided
by the application.
All views are generated by applications that reside in the
application tier.
DBMS - Data Models:

Data models define how the logical structure of a database is

modeled.
Data Models are fundamental entities to introduce abstraction
in a DBMS.
Data models define how data is connected to each other and
how they are processed and stored inside the system.
The very first data model could be flat data-models, where all
the data used are to be kept in the same plane.
DBMS - Data Models:

Earlier data models were not so scientific, hence

they were prone to introduce lots of duplication
and update anomalies.

Entity - Relationship Model:

DBMS - Data Models:

Entity - Relationship Model:

Entity-Relationship (ER) Model is based on the
notion of real-world entities and relationships
among them. While formulating real-world
scenario into the database model, the ER
Model creates entity set, relationship set,
general attributes and constraints.
DBMS - Data Models:

Entity - Relationship Model:

ER Model is best used for the conceptual design

of a database.
ER Model is based on −

Entities and their attributes.

Relationships among entities.
DBMS - Data Models:

Entity - Relationship Model:

 DBMS - Data Models:
Entity −
An entity in an ER Model is a real-world entity having
properties called attributes.
Every attribute is defined by its set of values called
domain.
\For example, in a school database, a student is
considered as an entity.
Student has various attributes like name, age, class,
etc.
DBMS - Data Models:

Relationship − The logical association among

entities is called relationship.
Relationships are mapped with entities in various
ways.
Mapping cardinalities define the number of
association between two entities.
DBMS - Data Models:

Mapping cardinalities −
one to one
one to many
many to one
many to many
DBMS - Data Models:

Relational Model
The most popular data model in DBMS is the
Relational Model.
It is more scientific a model than others.
This model is based on first-order predicate logic
and defines a table as an n-ary relation.
DBMS - Data Models:
DBMS - Data Models:

The main highlights of this model are −

Data is stored in tables called relations.

Relations can be normalized.
In normalized relations, values saved are atomic values.
Each row in a relation contains a unique value.
Each column in a relation contains values from a same
domain.
 BENEFITS OF INTERNSHIP
30 DAYS OF LIVE SESSIONS
90 DAYS OF ACCESS TO RECORDS
6+ SOURCE CODES DBMS PROJECTS
30 DOWNLOADABLE PRESENTATIONS
5 MENTOR LIVE IN MASTEMIND SESSIONS
INTERNSHIP CONFIRMATION LETTER
INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATION
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