ISSN (Online) 2581-9429

IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 4, May 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252

Smart Traffic Signal System

Kapale Laxmi Namdeo1, Gosavi Sanchita Ashok2, Deshmukh Namrata Sunil3,
Jadhav Pallavi Pandurang4, Prof. D.G. Lokhande5
Students, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering1,2,3,4
Guide, , Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering5
Sanjivani Rural Education Society’s, Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon, Maharashtra, India

Abstract: Vehicles selling are increasing in developing countries and it causes an increase in traffic on
the road. In India, in metro cities like Mumbai, Chennai and Delhi, the issue of traffic management has
become a critical issue as compared to other cities. Traffic congestion is severe problem in most of the cities
across the world and it has become a nightmare for the citizens. It is caused by delay in signal, inappropriate
timing of traffic signaling, etc. The delay of traffic light is hard coded and it does not depend on traffic.
Therefore for optimizing traffic control, there is increasing demand in systematic quick and automatic system.
The proposed system is designed to develop a density based dynamic traffic signal control. Thesignal timing
changes automatically on sensing the traffic density at the junction. The microcontroller used in proposed
system is ARDUINO .The system contains IR sensors(transmitter & receiver) which will be mounted on either
side of the road on poles. It gets activated and receives the signal as the vehicles passes close by it. The traffic
lights shall be changed to each side for some fixed time. Even though there are no vehicles at particular side,
the traffic signals will glow for a given fixedtime. Due to that there is wastage of time &vehicles on the other
side have to wait for the time to complete the process. So to reduce the wastage of time, we can implement
the system that controls the traffic based on the heavy flow vehicles at each side at the junction and give path
to the particular side which has denser traffic and keeping the other sides stopped.

Keywords: Arduino Mega2560 Controller, IR Sensor, Power Supply

I. INTRODUCTION
Traffic administration has the goal to constantly improve traffic system andregulation. As the number of vehicle users
constantly increases and resources providedby current infrastructure are limited. Intelligient control of traffic will be point
of focus in the future. Avoiding traffic jams is beneficial to both environment and economy. Traffic management system is
considered as one of the major dimensions of a smart city. Inour research, we focus on optimization of traffic light controller
in a city using IR sensor and developed using Arduino. An intelligenttransportation system (ITS) estimates the traffic
parameters and optimizes traffic signals to reduce vehicles delays and stop. Fixed control on traffic is basically not control
according to the density, but in a manner of programming which is already fixed in the system. This project proposes an
intelligent system using Arduino for implementing it in the city. Vehicular traffic control at roadcrossings has always been
a matter of concern for administrations in many modern cities around the world. Several attempts have been made to
design efficient automated systems to solve this problem. Most of the present day systems use pre-determined timing
circuits to operate traffic signals which are not very efficient because they do not operate according to the current volume
of traffic at the crossing. It is often seen in todays automated traffic control systems that vehicles have to wait at a road
crossing even though there is little or no traffic in the other direction. There are other problems as well, like ambulance
getting caught up by a red traffic signal and wasting valuable time. Congestion is also translated into lost time, missed
opportunities, delivery delay. Actually thetraffic congestion is not only recurring(caused by recurring demand that exists
virtually everyday) but also non-recurring(caused by traffic incidents like damaged vehicles ,work zones, weather and
special events) in nature. To manage non- recurring congestion some sensor based system were suggested for improvement
over fixed control.

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/568 528

www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 4, May 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252
1.1 How it Works

The Block Diagram shown above is of “Smart Traffic Signal System”. In this there are 8 IR Sensors which are present
on either sides of road to detect the presence of the vehicles and send the information to the Arduino Mega2560. Based on
it, the LED’s will be controlled. Regulated power supply of 12V is used in above system. The 12V power supply is based
on commercial 7812 voltage regulated IC. This IC contains all the circuitry needed to accept any input voltage from 8 to 16
Volts. And produces a steady 12V output.

II. DENSITY BASED TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM CIRCUIT DESIGN

This circuit consists of 8 IR sensors, Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller, 4 traffic lights. IR transmitter looks like an
LED. This IR transmitter always emits IR rays from it. The operating voltage of this IR transmitter is 2 to 3v. These IR
(infra red) rays are invisible to the human eye. But we can view these IR rays through camera.
IR receiver receives IR rays that are transmitted by IR transmitter. Normally IR receiver has high resistance in order of
mega ohms, when it is receiving IR rays the resistance is very low. The operating voltage of IR receiver also 2 to 3V. We
have to place these IR pair in such a way that when we place an obstacle in front of this IR pair, IR receiver should be able
to receive the IR rays. When we give the power, the transmitted IR rays hit the object and reflect back to the IR receiver.
Instead of traffic lights, you can use LEDs (RED, GREEN, YELLOW). In normal traffic system, you have to glow the
LEDs on time basis. If the traffic density is high on any particular path, then glows green LED of that particular path and
glows the red LEDs forremaining paths. In normal traffic system, we allow the traffic for a time delay of 1 minute for each
path.

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/568 529

www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 4, May 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252
III. APPLICATIONS
Traffic light control systems are widely used to monitor and coontrol the flow of automobiles through the junction of
many roads. They aim to realize smooty motion of cars in the transportation routes. A traffic signal,or stoplight as it is also
known, controls vehicle passing through the intersection of two or more roadways by giving a visual indication to drivers
when to proceed, when to slow, and when to stop. In some cases, traffic signals also indicate to drivers when they may
make a turn.

IV. BENEFITS
1. Ambulance service will no longer be affected by traffic jams.
2. Use of radio frequency signal (not blocked by objects, fast).
3. Over a wide range applicability.
4. One time investment cost.
5. Life of people can be saved.
6. A modernized way of controlling traffic.
7. Number of road accidents can be reduced to a large extent.
8. Easy traffic regulation in busy cities such as Delhi, Mumbai etc..
9. Help the traffic police in easy control of traffic

V. FUTURE WORK
The Future scope includes Profiling of the traffic by storing the data and managing the traffic lights according to the
collected data. The Profiling can also be used for Traffic studyand the variation in traffic density throughoutthe day, week,
month or a year. Further, we can optimize this system for the emergency Vehicles such as Ambulance. The Traffic data
collected can be used to locate different routes for a specific daily vehicle to avoid the congestion problem.

VI. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

System intelligently changes its ON/OFF time according to traffic density. Automatically clear the road for emergency
vehicles. If any theft vehicle is detected from its RFID tag then system will send the message to the police control vehicle.
The work presents review of the existing research done in field and tries to develop a system suitable for developing
countries. The project has two objectives, which are, first, calculating the length of the vehicles on the road for the flowof
the traffic smoothly without congestion and, second, developing priority-basedsignaling which will help to give the priority
to the emergency vehicles such as ambulance. The microcontroller can be programed easily which gives scope for
deployment better algorithms in future. The sensors are to be fitted on the side of the roads and connected to the controller
at the intersection. These aresome hectic jobs which are to be dealt before implementing the system, but once implemented,
it will make our traffic system more convenient and cities smarter.

REFERENCES
[1]. Bilal Ghazal, Lebanese University; Khaled Khatib, Lebanese International University; Khaled Chahine, The
American University of the Middle East;Mohamad Kherfan ”Smart traffic light control system”
[2]. Bilal Ghazal Faculty of Sciences IV, Lebanese University (UL); Zahle, Lebanon Khaled ElKhatib; Lebanese
International University, Bekaa, LB;Khaled Chahine School of Engineering, Lebanese International University
(LIU), Khyara, Lebanon “Smart traffic light control system”
[3]. Vignesh. Viswanathan and Vigneshwar. Santhanam “Intelligent Traffic Signal Control Using Wireless Sensor
Networks”, 2nd International Conference on Advances in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ICAEE'2013)
March 17-18, 2013 Dubai (UAE).
[4]. ARDUINO MEGA: https://store.arduino.cc/products/arduino-mega-2560-rev3

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/568 530

www.ijarsct.co.in