11th English EM EC Guide Sample Notes English Medium PDF Download
11th English EM EC Guide Sample Notes English Medium PDF Download
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Prose, Poetry, Synonyms & Antonyms and
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Supplementary with translation.
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Contents Pg.No. ass
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PPaadd : The Portrait of a Lady P Paadd
Prose
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1 Poem : Once Upon A Time w
Supplementary : After Twenty Years 33
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: The Queen of Boxing
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: Confessions
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:sA Shot in the Dark 65 a s
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Prose
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: Tight Corners
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: Macavity .-NThe Mystery Cat 134 l a
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Part-I (20x1=20)
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(Vocabulary
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1-3 Synonyms
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4-6
7 wwww
Antonyms
Abbreviations and Acronyms wwww 3
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226
230
8 Compound words (formation combining two lexemes) 232
9 Prefixes and Suffixes 234
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Foreign words and phrases
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Definition of the terma
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238
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Phrasal verbs (substitute with single words and vice versa)
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Prepositions w
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15 Clipped words 247
16 Substitute words/Phrases with polite alternatives 248
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17 Relative clause/Relative pronoun 249
18
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19
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Homophones (Confusable)
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20 Modal Verbs and Semi modal verbs 255
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Additional Questions
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Words with different grammatical functions/ Conditional Clause 258
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Subject Verb Agreement / Concord
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Articles and Determiners
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Linkers / Connectorss a
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Spelling
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Part-II (any seven )
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27-30 Answer any three out of four (Grammar)
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Direct and Indirect speech
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Active-Passive Voice
Simple, Complex, Compound ww P
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288
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Conditional Clause
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303
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Part-III
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(7x3=21)
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31 – 33 ERC(from poem) (any 2 out of 3)
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34 – 36 Prose short question (any 2 out of 3)
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37 – 40 Grammar 2 skill based (any 3 out of 4)
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31-33
34-36 wwww
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37-40 Other activities (any three out of 4)
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Piechart / Verbal –Nonverbal Representation
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Describe a process 296
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Completing proverbs/ Match with Meaning
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Draft a Notice / Notice Writing
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Expansion of headlines 302
Draft a E-Mail 303
Rearrange words and phrases to make meaningful sentences 305
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41-47 Part-IV
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Prose – Poem – Supplementary Reader (7x5=35)
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grammar and other skills
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Prose paragraph
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Poem paragraph
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Supplementary Reader Paragraph
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Note making/Summary writing/Writing Biographical Sketch from
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the given information/Report writing using information given
Prose / Passage Comprehension 311
Poem Comprehension 313
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Homophones / Modal and Semi Modal / Link works / 326
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Tenses concords / Preposition
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Tenses 327
Construction of Dialogues / Developing hints 331
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MINIMUM MATERIALS FOR SLOW LEARNERS
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GOVT. QUESTION PAPER - MAY 2022
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GOVT. QUESTION PAPER - AUGUST 2022 365
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GOVT. QUESTION PAPER - MARCH 2023
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Loyola
1
t t unit t t EC 11th English
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The Portrait of a Lady
t t t t - Khushwant Singh
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ghl¢ RU¡f«
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ïªj ghl¤âš bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs fij MáÇaU¡F« (FZt‹ á§) mtUila m‹ghd gh£o¡F« ïilÆyhd
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ghr ãiz¥ig btË¡fh£L»wJ. tajhd gh£o áWtdhf ïU¡F« MáÇaiu cUth¡Ftâš fh£L« m¡fiuia
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vL¤J¡ fh£L»wJ. gh£o¡F« áWtD¡F« ïilÆš cŸs cwit gh®¡F«nghJ bkŒáÈ®»wJ. gh£o KG¡f
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KG¡f g¡âkakhdt®. j‹Dila nguidí« g¡âÆY«, xG¡f¤âY« áwªjtdhf ts®¡»wh®. gh£o mâf«
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go¡fÉšiy v‹whY« mtŸ j‹ nguD¡F X® áwªj MáÇiajh‹. kÅj®fS¡F k£LkšyhJ Éy§FfS¡F«
(ehŒ), (á£L¡FUÉ) gwitfS¡F« cztʤJ k»œ»whŸ. ïijngh‹w m‹òwî eh« e« gh£ofËl¤âY«
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f©oU¡fyh«. Mdhš ï¤jiyKiwÆdÇl« ïU¡»wjh? v‹whš nfŸÉ¡F¿jh‹. gh£o ïw¡F« nghJ
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Tw¥gL« brŒâia eh« thá¡F« nghJ e«ik m¿ahkny ek¡F f©Ù® tU»wJ. ï¡fijia eh« KGikhf
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gh£o midtuJ gh£oia¥nghš tajhd bg©kÂ. la l i
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assaa aaRkh® ïUgJ M©LfshŒ K⮪j taJilatshfî« aa
My grandmother, like everybody’s grandmother, was
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an old woman. She had been old and wrinkled for the
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twenty years that I had known her. People said that she
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had once been young and pretty and had even had a
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husband, but that was hard to believe. My grandfather’s
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children. He looked as if he could only have lots and lots
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ïUªjJ, mtiu gh®gj‰F kidÉ FHªijfŸ ïU¥gtuhf
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of grandchildren. As for my grandmother being young k£LÄšyhkš mâfkhf ngu‹ ng¤âfis bfh©lt®
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and pretty, the thought was almost revolting. She often
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told us of the games she used to play as a child. that
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seemed quite absurd and undignified on her part and
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She had always been short and fat and slightly
bent. Her face was a criss-cross of wrinkles running
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mtŸ FŸskhfî« rhŒthfî« el¥ghŸ. mtŸ
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Kf¤âš v§nfí« FW¡Fbt£L¡ nfhLfshyhd RU¡f§fŸ
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from everywhere to everywhere. No, we were certain
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she had always been as we had known her. Old, so
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terribly old that she could not have grown older, and P
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v§fË‹ gh£o KJik ÃiyÆš, Äfî« KJikahd
ÃiyÆš Rkh® ïUgJ M©LfŸ ïU¡»whŸ. mtŸ mHfhf
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had stayed at the same age for twenty years. She could ïšiy v‹whY« mtŸ mHF jh‹. xU ifia fhšfS¡F
never have been pretty; but she was always beautiful. C‹Wnfhshfî« k‰bwhU ifÆš b#gkhiyí«
She hobbled about the house in spotless white with one it¤J¡bfh©L áuk¥g£L el¥ghŸ, btŸËia ngh‹W
hand resting on her waist to balance her stoop and the KofŸ mtsJ RU§»a Kf¤âš ÉGªJ »l¡F«, mtsJ
other telling the beads of her rosary. Her silver locks cjLfŸ bksd b#g§fŸ bghÊí«. M« mtŸ mHFjh‹.
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were scattered untidily over her pale, puckered face,t gÅ¡fhy¤âš njh‹W« ïa‰if gu¥gu¥ò fh£ánghš
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and her lips constantly moved in inaudible prayer. Yes,
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ÉǪJ mikâahd rkhjhd kdÃiwîl‹ ïU¥ghŸ.
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she was beautiful. She was like the winter landscape
aass
in the mountains, an expanse of pure white serenity
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breathing peace and contentment.
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My grandmother and I were good friends. My
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parents left me with her when they went to live in the
v‹id v‹ gh£oíl‹
city and we were constantly together. She used to wake
v‹id âdK« fhiyÆš
me up in the morning and get me ready for school. She
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vG¥ã gŸË¡Tl¤â‰F òw¥gl
brŒthŸ. fhiyÆš v‹id FË¡f it¡F« nghnj
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said her morning prayer in a monotonous sing-song hWgho‹¿ b#g Ñj§fŸ go¥ghŸ. mit mid¤J« eh‹
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while she bathed and dressed me in the hope that I
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would listen and get to know it by heart; I listened
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because I loved her voice but never bothered to learn
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ghLthŸ. mtË‹ ïÅikahd FuY¡F ehD« moik.
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Mdhš mt‰iw f‰f K‰glkh£nl‹. ã‹ ku¤jhyhd
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it. Then she would fetch my wooden slate which she v‹Dila ány£il e‹W Jil¤J mjDl‹ kŠrŸ
a a a a
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had already washed and plastered with yellow chalk,
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t©z vGJnfhš, át¥ò ngdh mid¤ijí« xU
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a tiny earthen ink-pot and a red pen, tie them all in a
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bundle and hand it to me. After a breakfast of a thick,
ww..bfh¤jhf nr®¤J v‹Ål« bfhL¥ghŸ. fhŒªj buh£oÆš
(r¥gh¤â) bt©iz jlÉ r®¡fiuia¤ öÉ fhiy
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stale chapatti with a little butter and sugar spread on it,
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me because the school was attached to the temple. t v‹Dlnd gŸË¡F tUthŸ. ònuh»j® (órhÇ) v§fS¡F
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The priest taught us the alphabet and the morning
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fhiy b#g§fŸ k‰W« °nyhf§fŸ brhšÈ¤ jUth®.
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prayer. While the children sat in rows on either side FHªijfŸ tÇirahf mk®ªJ °nyhf§fŸ brhšY«nghJ
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of the verandah singing the alphabet or the prayer
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v‹ gh£o cŸns mk®ªJ rka¤ âU üšfis thá¥ghŸ.
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in a chorus, my grandmother sat inside reading the
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mid¤J ntiyfisí« Ko¤j¥ ãwF ïUtU« nr®ªJ
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scriptures. When we had both finished, we would walk å£L¡F bršnth«. mªj neu¤âš v§fŸ »uhk¤J
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back together. This time the village dogs would meet ehŒ¡F£ofŸ eh§fŸ ngh£l buh£oifis â‹W¡bfh©L
us at the temple door. They followed us to our home
w
eet eet
When my parents were comfortably settled in the
t t
city, they sent for us. That was a turning-point in our
vdJ bg‰nwh® ef®¥òw¤âš Fona¿a ãwF
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
friendship. Although we shared the same room, my
l a i
a .iN
v§fisí« miH¤J¢ br‹wh®fŸ. mJ v§fŸ njhHik¡F
.N
âU¥ò Kidahf ïUªjJ. xnu miwia eh§fŸ g»®ªJ
l
assaa s aa s aa
grandmother no longer came to school with me. I used
a
dd a s
to go to an English school in a motor bus. There were
dd a s
bfh©lhY«, v‹Dl‹ v‹ gh£o gŸË¡F tu ïayÉšiy.
a
ehD« gŸË¡F Éir¥ngUªâš bršnt‹. bjUÉš
P
..Paa
no dogs in the streets and she took to feeding sparrows
P
.. Paa
ehŒfS¡F czî mË¡f Koahjjhš bkh£il khoÆš
ww
in the courtyard of our city house.
ww FUÉfS¡F czî mË¥ghŸ.
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8
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.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
As the years rolled by, we saw less of each other.
For some time she continued to wake me up and get
tUl§fŸ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
cU©nlhl eh§fŸ Fiwthf
assaa aa aa
gh®¤Jbfh©nlh«. áy neu« v‹id gŸË¡F
dd s
a s
me ready for school. When I came back she would ask
a
me what the teacher had taught me. I would tell her a s
a s
òw¥gl¢brŒthŸ. eh‹ gŸËÆš ïUªJ tªjJ« v‹
dd
P
.. Paa
English words and little things of western science and
P
..Paa
MáÇa® vd¡F f‰ã¤j ghl¤ij¡ nf£ghŸ. eh‹ M§»y
th®¤ijfŸ k‰W« nk‰f¤âa m¿Éaš g‰¿a go¥òfŸ,
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learning, the law of gravity, Archimedes’ Principle, the
ww
wwww wwww
òÉ<®¥òÉir, mǤnk£o° bfhŸiffŸ, cyf cU©il,
world being round etc. This made her unhappy. She
could not help me with my lessons. She did not believe
M»at‰iw¥ g‰¿ TWnt‹. Mdhš, mit mtS¡F
in the things they taught at the English school and was k»œ¢á mË¡fÉšiy. flîŸ k‰W« òÅjüšfŸ
distressed that there was no teaching about God and g‰¿ f‰W¤juhjjhš v§fŸ gŸËÆ‹ nkš e«ã¡if
the scriptures. One day, I announced that we were tuÉšiy. xUehŸ, v§fS¡F ïir tF¥ò elªjjhf
et
e t eet t
being given music lessons. She said nothing but her mtËl« T¿nd‹. mtŸ x‹W« TwÉšiy. Mdhš
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
silence meant disapproval. She rarely talked to me after
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
mtË‹ mikâna mtË‹ ÉU¥gÄ‹ikia¡ T¿aJ.
assaa aa aa
that. mj‹ãwF v‹Dl‹ v¥nghjhtJ jh‹ ngRthŸ.
aass as
as
et
P aadd
When I went up to University, I was given a
room of my own. The common link of friendship was
P P Padd
a
eh‹ gšfiy¡fHf¤J¡F go¡f¢ br‹wnghJ.
vd¡F jÅ miw tH§f¥g£lJ. v§fsJ bghJ njhHik
ww..
snapped. My grandmother accepted her seclusion with
w
w .. K¿a¥g£lJ vdJ gh£o jÅikahd ïl¤ij V‰W¡
wwww wwww
.N
resignation. She rarely left her spinning-wheel to talk to bfh©lh®. ahUlD« ngRtj‰fhf k£Lnk v¥bghGjhtJ
anyone. From sunrise to sunset she sat by her wheel jh‹ RH‰W« ifuh£ilia ÃW¤JthŸ. fhiy bjhl§»
spinning and reciting prayers. Only in the afternoon khiy tiu RHY« r¡fu¤âš mk®ªâUªJ ãuh¤jidfis
ai
she relaxed for a while to feed the sparrows. While she x¥òÉ¥ghŸ. kâantis k£L« r‰W neu« vGªJ
eet t eet t
sat in the verandah breaking the bread into little bits, FUÉfS¡F czî mË¥ghŸ. mtŸ å£o‹ jhœthu¤âš
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
hundreds of little birds collected round her creating a
al i
veritable bedlam of chirruping. Some came and perched
l a
l a .iN
.N
(K‰w¤âš) mk®ªJ¡ bfh©L buh£o J©il áW
i
J©Lfsh¡» gwitfS¡F bfhL¥ghŸ. ü‰W¡fz¡fhd
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
on her legs, others on her shoulders. Some even sat on áW gwitfŸ mij vL¤J rh¥ã£l, bkŒahd T¢rš
a a a a
as
P Paadd
her head. She smiled but never shooed them away. It
P P add
FH¥g« fyfy¥ghd xÈ Ãiwªj ïlkhf mJ khW«. áy
a
w
w ..
used to be the happiest half-hour of the day for her.
ww..gwitfŸ mtŸ fhšfËY« áy mtË‹ njhŸfËY« áy
gwitfŸ jiyÆY« Tl mk®ªâU¡F«. mt‰iw¥ gh®¤J
wwww wwww
ad
ee t ee t
be away for five years, and at her age one could never vd¡F¤ bjÇí«. K⮪j taâš btËÆš brhšy Koahj
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
tell. But my grandmother could. She was not even
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
tifÆš eh‹ IªJ M©LfŸ mtiu É£L ãǪJ
assaa aa aa
sentimental. She came to leave me at the railway station ïUªnj‹. mt® v‹id uÆš Ãiya¤âš É£L¢ bršY«
w
a
dd s
a s
but did not talk or show any emotion. Her lips moved
a s
a s
nghJ vªj xU th®¤ijiaí«, cz®ití« btË¡fh£l
dd
P
.. Paa
in prayer, her mind was lost in prayer. Her fingers were
P
.. Paa
Éšiy. mtË‹ cjLfŸ k£L« b#g§fis x¥ãɤJ
w
busy telling the beads of her rosary. Silently she kissed bfh©oUªjd. mtuJ ÉušfŸ b#gkhiy K¤J¡fis
w
w ww
wwww wwww
my forehead, and when I left I cherished the moist v©Â¡ bfh©oUªj ntiyÆš, v‹ be‰¿Æš bkJthf
w
imprint as perhaps the last sign of physical contact K¤jÄ£lhŸ. eh‹ mtis É£L tU«nghJ ner¤J¡FÇa
between us. ghr« bj‹g£lhY« mJ v§fsJ filá clšbjhl®ò vd
cz®ªnj‹.
eet t eet t
But that was not so. After five years I came back Mdhš, mJ m¥go el¡fÉšiy. IªJ M©LfŸ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N la a.iN
.N
home and was met by her at the station. She did not
i
look a day older. She still had no time for words, and
l l a
l a .iN
.N
fʤJ âU«ã tªJ kWgoí« òift©o Ãiya¤âš
i
eh‹ gh£oia rªâ¤nj‹. mtË‹ giHa ïašig
assaa s aa
s ssaa
while she clasped me in her arms I could hear her gh®¡fÉšiy. mtŸ thÆš th®¤ijfŸ ïšiy mtŸ
a
dd a
reciting her prayers. Even on the first day of my arrival,
aa ddaa
v‹id f£o mid¤jhŸ. m¥nghJ« mtŸ x¥òÉ¡F«
aa
ww P
..P
her happiest moments were with her sparrows whom
she fed longer and with frivolous rebukes.
ww P
.. Pb#g¤ij eh‹ nf£fKoªjJ. vdJ Kjš ehËš mtË‹
k»œ¢áahd jUz§fshf Ãid¤J, Ú©l eh£fshf
wwww wwww cztˤj gwitfis¡ foªJ bfh©lhŸ.
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.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
In the evening a change came over her. She did not
i
pray. She collected the women of the neighbourhood,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
khiy neu¤âš mtËl¤âš xU khWjš bjǪjJ.
mtŸ b#g§fŸ ï¥nghJ brŒtâšiy. g¡f¤J å£oš
assaa dd s
a aa
s
got an old drum and started to sing. For several hours
a
she thumped the sagging skins of the dilapidated drum
aa a a
dd s
a aa
s
cŸs bg©fis miH¤J giHa bfh£L x‹iw it¤J¥
gh£L ghLthŸ. gy k neukhf gHikahd bfh£il
a
ww P P
and sang of the home-coming of warriors. We had to
..
persuade her to stop to avoid overstraining. That was
ww P
..Pit¤J (jhaf«) åL âU«ò« åu®fË‹ ghliy ghodhŸ.
eh§fŸ mtis fLŠnrh®î milªJÉl¡ TlhJ
pray. wwww
the first time since I had known her that she did not
wwww v‹gj‰fhf ÃW¤Jnth«. mtŸ b#g« brŒahkš gh®¥gJ
ïJnt KjšKiw.
The next morning she was taken ill. It was a mild kWehŸ fhiyÆš mtS¡F cl«ò rÇÆšyhkš
fever and the doctor told us that it would go. But my nghŒÉ£lJ. Äjkhd fhŒ¢ršjh‹. kU¤Jt® mJ vËâš
et
e t eet t
grandmother thought differently. She told us that her Fzkh»ÉL« vd T¿dh®. v‹ gh£o ntWkhâÇ Ãid¤jhŸ.
lalai.iN
.N l a a .iN
.N
end was near. She said that, since only a few hours
i
before the close of the last chapter of her life she had
l l a
l a .iN
.N
v‹ thœ¡ifÆ‹ filá mfuhâia (ïw¥ò) Ko¥gj‰nf
i
b#g§fŸ brŒtij Éy¡» it¡»nw‹ v‹W«,v§fnshL
assaa saa s aa
omitted to pray, she was not going to waste any more
aa s a s
ngá neu¤ij åzh¡f ÉU«gÉšiy v‹W« T¿dhŸ.
a
et
time talking to us.
PPaadd
We protested. But she ignored our protests. She
P Paaddv§fŸ
ww.. òw¡f¤jhŸ. wjdJ
lay peacefully in bed praying and telling her beads. Even
nghuh£l¤ij
w. .
eh§fŸ nghuhondh«. Mdhš mtŸ
gL¡ifÆš
ww mikâahf gL¤Jbfh©L w w
.N
ww
before we could suspect, her lips stopped moving and
ww Ãid¥gj‰FŸ b#gkhiy
the rosary fell from her lifeless fingers. A peaceful pallor
brhšÈ¡bfh©lhŸ. eh§fŸ
b#g§fŸ k‰W« kÂfŸ
spread on her face and we knew that she was dead. mtË‹ cÆu‰w ÉušfËš ïUªJ ÑnH ÉGªjJ. xU
ai
mikâahd btS¥ò Ãw« mtŸ nkš njh‹¿aJ. ã‹ò
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l a .iN
.N
We lifted her off the bed and, as is customary, laid
i
her on the ground and covered her with a red shroud.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
eh§fŸ mtis f£oÈš ïUªJ ÑnH ïw¡» it¤J
v§fË‹ r«ãujha Kiw¥go mtÇ‹ cliy át¥ò
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
After a few hours of mourning we left her alone to
a a a
JÂfshš R‰¿ndh«. r‰W neu« mGJÉ£L ïWâ¢
a
as
P Paadd
make arrangements for her funeral. In the evening we
went to her room with a crude stretcher to take her to
P Paadd
rl§F V‰ghL brŒa br‹nwh«. khiy neu¤âš mtuJ
w
w ..
be cremated. The sun was setting and had lit her room
ww.. miw¡F br‹W vL¤J¡bfh©L ml¡f« brŒa br‹nwh«.
wwww wwww
and verandah with a blaze of golden light. We stopped NÇa‹ kiwí« nghJ mtuJ miwÆš cŸs És¡»Y«
ad
half-way in the courtyard. All over the verandah and xËia V‰¿É£L br‹nwh«. eh§fŸ ghâ tÊÆš
in her room right up to where she lay dead and stiff â©izÆš Ënwh«. v‹ gh£oÆ‹ miw jhœthu¤âš
wrapped in the red shroud, thousands of sparrows sat (K‰w¤âš), mtis R‰¿ cŸs JÂfËš FUÉfŸ
scattered on the floor. There was no chirruping. We ËW¡ bfh©oUªjd. m§F k»œ¢á ïšiy. eh§fŸ
t t
.P
e t
felt sorry for the birds and my mother fetched some
e e e t mt‰iw¥gh®¤J tUªândh«. v‹ m«kh mt‰¿‰F áy
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l
my grandmother used to, and threw it to them. The
a.iN
.N
bread for them. She broke it into little crumbs, the way
i l a
l i
a.iN
.N
buh£o J©Lfisngh£lhŸ. Mdhš m¡FUÉfŸ mt‰iw
assaa aa aa
gh®¡f Tl ïšiy. eh§fŸ v‹ gh£oÆ‹ ãz¤ij vL¤J¢
w
dd as s
sparrows took no notice of the bread. When we carried
a
my grandmother’s corpse off, they flew away quietly. aass
bršY« nghJ mitfS« bkJthf gwªJ br‹wd. mL¤j
dd
P aa
Next morning the sweeper swept the bread crumbs into
.. P P
.. Paa
ehŸ öŒik brŒgt® buh£o¤ J©Lfis T£o F¥ig¤
w
the dustbin.
w w w
bjh£oÆš ngh£lh®.
w
wwww wwww
w
MáÇa® F¿¥ò
FZtª¤ á§ xU ïªâa ehtyháÇa® k‰W« tH¡f¿P®. ït® blšÈÆš cŸs òÅj °O~g‹°
fšÿÇÆY« y©lÅš cŸs »§° fšÿÇÆY« fšÉ gÆ‹wh®. ït® k¤âa muá‹ btËíwî¤Jiw
eet t eet t
gÂÆš 1947« M©L nr®ªjh®. ït® áwªj vG¤jhsuhf áwªJÉs§»anjhL, kj¢rh®ã‹ik,
Ék®rd« (ieah©o), fÉij M»at‰whš òfœ bg‰wh®. 1974š ïtU¡F g¤k Éóõ‹ ÉUJ«,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
2007š rh»¤a mfhlÄ ÉUJ« ïtÇ‹ ïy¡»a gÂfS¡fhf tH§f¥g£lJ, “ÉZDÉ‹ milahs«,”
assaa aa aa
“Ó¡»a®fË‹ tuyhW,” “gh¡»°jhD¡F¢bršY« uÆš” nkY« gy ïtÇ‹ gil¥òfŸ MF«.
a
dd s
a s ddaass
Khushwant Singh is an Indian novelist and lawyer. He studied at St. Stephen’s College, Delhi and King’s college, London. He joined
PPaa P Paa
the Indian Foreign Service in 1947. As a writer, he is best known for his keen secularism, sarcasm and love for poetry. He served as
.. ..
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the editor of several literary and news magazines as well as two newspapers. Khushwant Singh was awarded with Padma Bhushan
w w
wwww wwww
in 1974, Padma Vibhushan by the Government of India and Sahitya Akademi Fellowship by Sahitya Academy of India. The Mark of
Vishnu, A History of Sikhs, The Train to Pakistan, Success Mantra, We Indians and Death at my Doorstep are some of his brilliant
works.
10
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l a .
i N
.
GLOSSARY
i N l a
l i
a .
i N
. N
assaa aa aa
TEXTUAL
S.NO WORDS
dda ass
TAMIL MEANING SYNONYMS a
dd s
a s ANTONYMS
1. Mantel Piece P Pa a
. . FWfyhd P
..Paa
Shelf projecting from the -
w
miwÆš
w fz¥ò¡Fnkš
ww
wwwwÃiaL¡F
mikªJŸs
wwww
wall above a fire place
assaa aa aa
5. Puckered RW¡f« To contract the face into Smooth
a s
a s as
as
et
wrinkles / wrinkled face
PP a add P Padd
a
6. Expanse
. .
gue¤f‹w
ww
btË Widespread
w
w . . Contract
wwwwv‹Wk wwww
.N
7. Monotonous khwhjJ« Unchanging/boring Changing/versatile
March 2023 rÈ¥ó£LtJkhd
ai
8. Snapped x‹iw K¿¤jš Broke/cut Combine/fix
9.
eet t Seclusion xJ¡F¥òwkhf cŸs
t t
Isolation
ee Open/public
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
10. Bedlam
al
T¢rš FH¥g« Ãiwªj
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Noisy confusion
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Calm/peace/quiet
assaa aa aa
ïl«
a s
a s a s
a s
as
11. Perched c£fh®
P Paadd Sat/rested
P Paadd Lower
12. Rebukes
w
w ..
ád« bjhÅ¡f¥ ngR Scoldings
ww.. Compliment/praise
13.
wwww
Dilapidated nrjK‰w Damaged
wwww Rebuilt
ad
t t
.P
15.
ee t Shroud rt¥ ngh®it
ee t
Cloth used to wrap a dead Expose/uncover
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
person
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a sADDITIONAL TEXTUAL
a
dd s
a s
S.NO WORDS
P aa
TAMIL MEANING
.. P SYNONYMS
P
.. Paa ANTONYMS
w
ww ww
wwwwmHfhd wwww
1. Wrinkled RW§»a Lined/crumpled Unwrinkled/smooth
w
11
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aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
10. Fetch XÇl¤â‰F¢ br‹W
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Carry
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Free/let go
assaa aa aa
x‹iw bfh©L tUjš
11. Stale eh£g£l a
dd s
a s Spoiled/stencha
dd s
a s Fresh/new
12. Growling
P
..
cWK
Paa P
..Paa
Animal like sound Quiet/silence
ww ww
13.
14. wwww
Distressed
Disapproval
ftiyí‰w
V‰ã‹ik wwww
Upset/difficulty
Objection/condemn
Glad/happy
Approval/ sanction
15. Rarely mÇjhd Seldom Frequently/regularly
16. Veritable Real / impressive Fake/unreal
et
e t bkŒahd
eet t
lalai.iN
.N
17. Cherished kdâš it¤J ghuh£L
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Admire/care
l a
l i
a .iN
.NAbandon/denounce
assaa aa aa
18. Moist <ukhf cŸs Damp/wet Dry
aass as
as
et
19. Clasped
PPaadd
ïWf¥g‰¿¡ bfhŸ
P Padd
Embraced/hug
a
Let go/loose
20. Frivolous
ww..
Éisah£L¤jdkhf
w
w ..
Silly/giddy/childish Sensible/serious
wwww wwww
.N
21. Sagging eL¥gFâÆš jhœîW Droop/hang/bend Bulge/tighten
22. Warriors åu® Fighters/soldiers -
ai
23. Persuade kd« V‰F«go brŒ Actuate/urge Discourage/dissuade
24.
eet t Protested v⮥ig btË¥gL¤J
eet t
Revolted/complain Praise/accept
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
25. Suspect
al
rªnjf¥gL
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Doubtful
l a
l i .iN
.N
Known
a
assaa aa aa
26. Ignored bghU£gL¤jhJ ÉL Avoided Noticed
a s
a s a s
a s
as
27. Mourning J¡f¥gL
PP aadd P Paadd
Grief, lamenting / sadness Cheer, joy
28. Funeral
w ..
<k¢rl§F
w ww..
Cremation/burial Christening /
ddaass a
dd s
a s
1. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences based on your understanding of
P Paa
the story. (Pg.No. 5) QY, HY - 2018, June, QY-2019
.. P
.. Paa
w
w
w ww
wwww wwww
a. Describe the grandfather as seen in the portrait.
w
b. Why was the author left with his grandmother in the village?
eet t eet t
The author’s parents went to the city to make a living.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
So he was left with his grandma till they settle well in the city.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa c.
aadd s
a aa
s
Where did the author study in his childhood? Aug - 22
a add
a aassaa
The author studied in a village school attached to the temple.
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
d. Why did the grandmother accompany the author to school? GMQ, May 2022
wwww
The grandmother was pious.
wwww
12
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
and read scriptures.
l a
l i
a .iN l a
l i
a .iN
She accompanied the author to school as it was attached to the temple where she used to sit
.N .N
assaa e.
a s aa
s a s aa
s
What made the dogs follow the grandmother after school hours? June 2019
aadd a aadd a
The dogs followed the grandmother after school hours for the chapattis which she threw to them.
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
f. Why didn’t the grandmother feel sentimental when the author went abroad for higher
wwww
education? Sep 2020
wwww
The grand mother accepted the fact and she was serious about the author’s education. She
came to see him off at the station and kissed on his forehead to show her love and affection.
et
e eet
g. What was the happiest time of the day for grandmother? HY - 2019
t t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
That was the happiest time of the day for grandma.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The grandma spent half an hour in the afternoon feeding the sparrows with little bits of bread.
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa
et
2.Answer the following questions in three or four sentences each.
PPaadd
a. Describe the author’s grandmother. HY - 2018
P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
The author’s grandmother was short, fat and slightly bent.
wwww wwww
.N
She was like the winter landscape in the mountains, an expanse of pure white serenity breathing
peace and c ontentment. She was religious, affectionate and caring.
ai
b. What was the daily routine of the grandmother at home? HY - 2018
t t t t
The grandmother hobbled about the house with one hand balancing her stoop and the other
ee ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N telling the beads of her rosary.
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Her lips constantly moved in inaudible prayer.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
c. How is school education in the village different from that in the city?
as
Paadd P Paadd
In the village school along with teaching of subjects there is teaching of God and the scriptures,
P
w
w .. ww..
where as city school concentrates more with western science and learning than with scriptures.
wwww wwww
d. The grandmother appreciated the value of education. Give instances in support of
ad
your answer.
The grandmother liked what was taught in the village school.
Though she was not able to help her grandson with his studies in the city school, she did not
t t
.P
ee t
discourage him in any way.
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
She insisted on good manners and love for all living things.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
This is understood by her feeding dogs and sparrows.
w
a s
a s
e. The grandmother was strong-minded. Justify.
dd a
dd s
a s
P
.. aa P aa
When the author went abroad for his higher studies, She did not show her emotions.
P .. P
w
w
w
She had strong personal likes and dislikes.
ww
wwww
She was a woman of contentment.
wwww
w
f. How did the grandmother spend the last few hours of her life?
When she was in her death bed, she did not like to waste her time talking with the family
members, instead she laid peacefully in bed praying and saying her rosary.
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
3.
.N lal a.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
Answer the following in a paragraph of 100 – 150 words each. (Pg.No. 5)
i i
a. The grandmother played a vital role in the author’s formative years Explain. Aug - 2022
assaa
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
Give your own example of how elders have a positive influence on the younger
generation. Include examples from the story also QY - 2018
w P
..P ww P
.. P
The grandmother really played a vital role in moulding the author in his formative years. She was
w
wwww wwww
a good friend of the author in his childhood days. Like most other grandmothers she used to tell
him many fables. She made the author get up early in the morning and listen to morning prayer.
13
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i
a .iN
It was because of her the author inherited both moral and spiritual values. Even in our day to
.N
day life we have seen that there exist some basic difference in the character of children who are
l
assaa dd s
a aa
s a
dd s
a aa
s
in the joint family with that of the children in nuclear family. The elders in the joint family always
a
have a positive influence over their grand children. There is no doubt that they act as the best
aa aa
P
.. P
guide and guardian of the younger generation.
ww ww P
..P
wwww wwww
b. As young Khushwant Singh, write a letter to your parents describing your daily
routine along with your thoughts and feelings about staying in the village.
Dear dad,
I am fine. I feel extremely happy to share my thoughts and feelings of staying in the village with
et
e t eet t
grand mother. First of all, I thank you so much for leaving me with grandma when you left for the
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
city. Grandma is very affectionate towards me and I can’t leave her at any cost. She wakes me
assaa aa aa
up early in the morning and makes me listen to her morning prayer. Though it is monotonous,
aass as
as
I like listening to her voice. She makes me get ready for school and gives me chapattis for
et
Paadd P Padd
a
breakfast. She accompanies me to school. On the way we used to feed street dogs with stale
P
ww.. w
w ..
chapattis which grandma carries with her daily. When we return from school those dogs follow
wwww wwww
.N
us till we reach home. She also helps me in my studies. I am very much devoted to the love and
affection which she shows to me. I like the atmosphere here and want to stay here for long.
Hope you fulfill my wish.
ai
Yours affectionately,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
c. al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Animals are capable of empathy. Substantiate this statement with examples from
assaa a s aa
s
the story as well as your own experiences.
a a s
a aa
s
as
Paadd P Paadd
Animals, which are considered not to have the sixth sense are far better than the human beings who
P
w
w .. ww..
have it. Infact the feeling of empathy is found more in animals than that of humans. In this story
wwww wwww
we come to know that the grandmother develops a cordial relationship with the sparrows, whom
ad
she feeds daily with bread crumbs. Those birds are also very affectionate towards her which we
can understand by the way they sit on her shoulders, legs and head. When grandmother died all
the sparrows gathered there silently without any chirruping and they did not even touch the bread
t t
.P
ee t ee t
crumbs offered to them by the author’s mother. When her corpse was taken away they all flew away
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
silently. This clearly proves the fact that animals are really capable of empathy. The dogs which are
tamed at home also possess the same feeling of empathy. We have heard of such incidents as where
assaa aa aa
w
a s
a s a s
a s
a dog dies just because it can’t tolerate the death of it’s owner.
dd dd
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
Introduction
Appearance of grandmother
Life in the village
eet t Life in the city eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Death of grandmother:
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Conclusion
Introduction: aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
Khushwant Singh is an Indian novelist and lawyer. He is best known for his secularism, sarcasm
wwww
and love for poetry.
wwww
14
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N Appearance of grandmother:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The grandmother had always been short and fat. Her back was slightly bent. Her face was full
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i .iN
.N
boy was in English medium. There was no lesson about God and scriptures. She disliked it. Their
l a
assaa saa
s ssaa
bond further damaged when the boy moved to the university and then to abroad. She didn’t show
aa aa
et
PP add P P dd
any emotion. She kept herself occupied with the spinning wheel, chanting prayers. The grand mother
a aa
grandma. w.. w
w ..
spend half an hour in the afternoon feeding the sparrows. That was the happiest time of the day for
w
wwww wwww
.N
Death of grandmother:
The author returned from abroad after five years and found her spending more time in prayers
ai
and spinning the wheel. He was received in silence. Next morning she became ill. She predicted her
t t
death and passed away peacefully.
ee eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Conclusion:
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
To everyone’s surprise, thousands of sparrows came there to mourn for her death. They sat
a s
a s a s
a s
around her body in complete silence. They only flew away after the corpse was carried away for
as
cremation.
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w ..
Paragraph for Average students: ww..
wwww wwww
ad
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Theme :
l a
l a.iN
.N
Love rules the relationship
i l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
The author loved his grandma. The grandma was a lady of high principles and simple living. As
w
a s
a s a s
a s
a small boy he stayed with her in a village. As his parent went to the city, the grandma took care of
dd dd
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
his education. The grandma and the boy developed a strong bond of affection. Then they went to the
w
w
w ww
city where they adapted to a new life style. The boy went to an English medium school. There was no
wwww wwww
lesson about scriptures. So grandma hated it. Then the boy went to the university and then abroad.
w
Thus their friendship ended. Grandma became silent. She did not show any emotion. Grandma spent
her happiest time by feeding sparrows and saying prayers. After five years the author returned. The
grandma died peacefully and the sparrows attended the funeral. This sight made everyone suprised.
eet t t t
Silence can break the heart when love rules the relationship
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a i.iN
.N
Paragraph for Slow learners: (Late bloomers)
l l a l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Prose :
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
The Portrait of a Lady
add
a aassaa
Author
ww P
..
:
P Khushwant Singh
ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
Characters : Author and His Grand mother
Theme : Love rules the relationship
15
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
The author loved his grandma.
l a i
a .iN
.N
As a small boy he stayed with her in a village.
l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
As his parents went to the city, the grandma took care of his education.
a
dd a
Then they moved to the city.
aa aa a
dd a
ww P P
The boy went to an English Medium school.
..
Then the boy went to University and then abroad.ww P
..P
wwww wwww
Grandma became silent.
Thus their friendship ended.
Grandma spent her happiest time by feeding sparrows and saying prayers.
The author arrived after five years.
et
e t
eet t
The grandma died peacefully and the sparrows attended the funeral.
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Silence can break the heart when love rules the relationship
assaa s aa
s
VOCABULARY
a a s
(Text Book Pg. 6)
aasaa
et
a)
PPaadd P Padd
a
Read the following words and choose the correct antonyms from the options given:
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
Words Options
moist a. marshy (b) arid c. slimy d. sultry
frivolous (a) serious b. sad c. furious d. happy
ai
omitted a. isolated b. rejected c. contracted (d) included
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N protest
serenity
a. promote
al l
a. simplicity a
l i
a .iN
b. apprehend
.N
(b) anxiety
(c) accept
l
c. absurditya
l i
a .iN
.N d. project
d. stupidity
assaa scattered
a s
a aa
s
a. sprinkled b. multiplied
a s
a aa
s
(c) gathered d. covered
as
monotonous aadd
(a) interesting
P P b. tiresome
P aadd
c. fragrant
P d. satisfying
w
w .. ww..
b)
wwww wwww
Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate compound words from those given in the box.
ad
ee t ee t
to traffic jam. Her ________ would be regarded with joy. She was _____ herself to reach the place.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a i.iN
.N
When she finally stepped into the _______, she was received with a big hug by her kind aunt. She
l a
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s
was in time to join the ______ at the village, for a ______.
a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
Ans : spotless, sunset, grandmother, half-hour, home coming, over straining,
w
c) Match the words in column A with their pairs in column B to form compound words and
write them in column C. (Pg. No. 6)
A B C
eet t Mantel Lashes
eet t Mantel Piece
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Eye
lal i
a.iN
Wheel.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Eye Lashes
assaa aa aa
Water Gate Waterproof
Bee a
dd s
a s Knob
ddaass Beehive
Toll
P
..Paa Piece
P
.. Paa Toll gate
Door ww Proof ww Doorknob
Spinning
wwww Hive
wwww Spinning Wheel
16
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
d)
.N l a a .iN
.N
Use a dictionary if required. (Pg.No. 6)
l l a
l a .iN
.N
Frame meaningful sentences of your own using the following expressions from the story.
i i
assaa dd s
a aa
s
i) The thought was almost revolting
a
ii) an expanse of pure white serenity
aa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
ww P
iii) a turning point
.. P
iv) accepted her seclusion with resignation ww P
..P
wwww
v) frivolous rebukes
Ans :
wwww
i) The thought of misplacing and searching for it was almost revolting
ii) Mother Teresa was an expanse of pure white serenity
et
e t eet t
iii) There comes a turning point in everyone’s life.
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
iv) The grand parents used to accept their seclusion with resignation at certain age in their life time.
assaa aa aa
v) The bondage of family members becomes stronger with frivolous rebukes.
aass as
as
et
e)
PPaadd
Prefixes and suffixes. (Pg.No. 7)
P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
Form two derivatives from each of the following words.
wwww wwww
.N
Eg: honest-dishonest, honesty, audible - in - audible, constant - constantly
Manage Differ Beauty
Peace Arrange Collect
ai
Approve Narrate Class
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Manage
differ
-
- al l a
l a .iN
.N
mismanage, management
i
difference, indifferent, different.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa beauty -
a s aa
s
beautify, beautiful, beautician
a a s
a aa
s
as
peace
P-
Paadd
peaceful, peacefully
P Paadd
arrange
w
w ..- ..
arrangement, arranging, rearrange
ww
collect
wwww -
wwww
collector, collection, recollect
ad
f) ee t
Homophones and Confusables. (Pg.No. 7) ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Fill in the blanks with suitable homophones:
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
i) Brake/break
a s
a s
a) We have a short break between the session
dd a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa
b) The car skidded to a halt when I applied the brake
P
.. Paa
w
ii Waste/waist w
w ww
wwww
a) Shivani wears a belt around her waist wwww
w
eet eet
a) Oxygen is the principal element present in the earth’s crust
t t
b) Both these machines work on the same principle
l a
l i
a .iN
.N iv) Bread/bred
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a dd s
a aa
s
a) Turtles should be bred in a healthy environment
a
b) I like to have toasted bread for breakfast.
a add
a aassaa
w
v) Lesson/lessen
w P
..P ww P
.. P
wwww
a) This medicine will lessen your pain
wwww
b) Finally, the manager learnt a lesson in the hard way
17
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N vi) Pale/pail
l a i
a
a) The child looks very sick and pale
l .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa vii) Through/threw aadd s
a aa
s
b) I need a pail of water to wash these cups.
a aa a
dd s
a aa
s
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
a) Ravi picked the banana peel and threw it in the dustbin
wwww wwww
b) The soldiers had to pass through a dark tunnel.
viii) Corps/corpse
a) The corpse was covered with a shroud.
b) A five-day annual training camp for the senior cadets of the National cadet corps has been
et
e torganized e et t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N(Pg.No. 8) l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
LISTENING ACTIVITY
a s
a s as
as
et
PP aadd P Padd
Read the following statements and the given options. Now, listen to your teacher read
a
ww.. w
w ..
aloud a passage or play it on a recorder. You may listen to it again if required, to help
wwww wwww
.N
you choose the right options.
i) According to Napoleon ‘Good mothers make good __________.
a) housewives b) jobs c) nations d) ideas Ans : c) nations
ai
ii) Mothers exhibit _________ love.
eet t
a) unauthorized b) unapproved t t
c) unacceptable
ee d) unconditional
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Ans : d) unconditional
assaa aa aa
iii) _________ mothers care much for their children.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
a) Adapted
P P add
b) Adopted
a
c) Adoptive
P Paadd d) Adaptable
Ans : c) Adoptive
w
w ..
iv) _______ is the most important thing in the world. ww..
wwww wwww
ad
t t
.P
Ans : d) creatures
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a i
READING
l l a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a s
a s a s
a s
Read the passage on ‘Laughter Therapy’ and answer the questions that follow.
dd dd
P
.. Paa
Answer the following. (For questions see pg No : 10)
P
.. Paa
w
w
w ww
a. Laughter provides full scale support for our muscles and unleashes a rush of stress busting endorphins.
b. committed
wwww wwww
w
c. Our body cannot distinguish between real and fake laughter. Anything that makes us giggle will have
a positive impact.
d.
eet t t t
Laughter improves the cardiovascular health and mood. It is also good for depressed patients.
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
e.
.N Clapping
Breathing exercises lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Bending back wards
aa a
dd s
a
Stretching of arms and legs
aa
s
add
a aassaa
f.
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
When people sit together in laughter there develops a good or cordial relationship among them
wwww
which improves their social bonding.
wwww
18
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
GRAMMAR - ARTICLES AND DETERMINERS (Pg. No. 10)
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa s aa
a. Read the paragraph below and fill in the blanks using ‘a, an’ or ‘the’. (Pg. 11)
a
dd a s a
dd a s
It is said that (1) A computer is (2) an electronic extension of the human brain. Therefore, in prin-
P Paa PPaa
ciple, (3) a computer can do all those activities which (4) a human brain can do. Today computers
.. ..
ww ww
are found to be (5) the most useful devices as knowledge providers. Another important field of ap-
wwww wwww
plication of computers is (6) the development of robots. (7) The internet has brought (8) a drastic
change in communication systems.
b. In the following paragraph, insert ‘a, an,’ or ‘the’ wherever necessary and rewrite the
entences. (Pg. 11)
s
et
e t eet t
In our family, we have planned to take the children to the zoo the next Sunday. A van has been
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
arranged and we are sure to have a comfortable journey. The Zoo is an interesting place for the
assaa aa aa
children who enjoy watching the animals and want to know more about them. Even the youngsters
love to visit the zoo.
aass as
as
et
PPaadd P Padd
a
c.
ww.. w
w ..
Fill in the blanks with appropriate determiners. (Articles have been included) - (Pg. 11)
Once the emperor gave a bag of seeds to his council of ministers and said that he would give them
wwww wwww
.N
six months’ time to grow the seeds. Whoever does a good job will be made the next emperor of that
empire. All the ministers took their task seriously. After six months many ministers had small plants
in their pots. A few had very large plants. Some had medium sized plants. The emperor entered
ai
the hall. He was much amused to see those plants. He called the first minister and asked him
e t t t t
what he did with the seed. That minister explained the process he adopted to make the plant grow.
e ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
The emperor called all other minister to explain what they did. Only one minister had come with an
i i
empty pot. They laughed loudly at the foolishness of this minister. But the Emperor applauded him
assaa s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
and made him the next Emperor. Do you know why? He had given them boiled seeds which will not
a
as
P Paadd
grow. Only that minister was honest.
P Paadd
d.
w
w .. ww..
Fill in the blanks with appropriate determiners. (Pg.No. 11)
i)
wwww wwww
They came early but there was a little (little / a little ) work to do.
ad
ii) Anand invited a few (few / a few) friends for the birthday party.
iii) The teacher gave every (all / every) student a separate topic for the assignment.
iv) Most of (Most of / Many) the water over flowed from the tank.
t t
.P
ee
v) t ee t
One (one / any) of my friends wished me on my birthday.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N vi)
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Vijay had no (no / any) idea about the problem.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s s a s s
vii) Adhi had taken many (much / many) photos during the programme.
a dd a
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
viii) Some (Some / Few) girls who attended the class informed the others about the test.
w
ww ww
wwwwTENSES
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(For rules see pg : 12 & 13 Text Book)
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a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets and read the completed
passage aloud. (Pg.No. 14)
The people of India, as a whole, 1 are (be) warm-hearted and hospitable. Any calamity in any part
eet t eet t
of the world immediately 2 arouses (arouse) their charity and generosity and a committee 3 is (be)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a i .iN
.N
promptly 4 set (set ) up to collect funds to help the distressed. The most endearing quality in them
l a
assaa s aa s aa
5 is (be) the respect they show for the work done in any capacity. They 6 believe (believe) in what
a
dd a s
we 7call (call) the dignity of labour.
ddaa s
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
b. Now, use the verbs given in brackets in the following sentences in their correct forms.
ww ww
(Pg.No. 14)
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1. I like (like) to spend time with my friend, whenever I am (be) free.
19
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
2.
3..N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
He is (is) likely to miss the train. He is running / runs (run) up to the station.
.N
At the moment they are waiting (wait) at the bus-stop. But I do not know (not know) their plans
assaa 4.
for the journey.
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
They firmly believe (believe) in the existence of God. aa a
dd s
a aa
s
5.
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
We hear (hear) a lot of noise because the new buildings transmit (transmit) sound vacant.
6.
wwww wwww
She always makes (make) excuses for coming late.
The Prime Minister will leave/leaves/is leaving (leave) for America to meet the delegates
tomorrow.
et t e t t
c. You are a commentator for a 5000 metre running race. Use simple present and present
e e
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
continuous tenses and complete the commentary from the beginning to the end of the
assaa aa aa
race. Read the completed passage aloud. (Pg. 14)
aass as
as
et
The 5000 metre race is about to begin. Lined up at the starting point, from left to right, are John of
P aadd P add
a
Great Britain, Peter of Nigeria and Jeeva of India. The runners are warming up for the great event.
P P
ww.. w
w ..
Now they 1 are taking (take) their positions on the track. They 2 are (be) all ready for the start.
wwww wwww
.N
There 3 goes (go) the starter’s gun! Yes, the race has begun John 4 leads/is leading (lead) with
Jeeva 5 is following (follow) him closely.
ai
d. Read the extract from Kayal’s diary entry regarding her Nepal Trek, and fill in the blanks
eet eet
with the correct tense form of the verbs given in brackets.
t t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
DAY 1 We left (leave) Anna International Airport in Chennai two days ago catching a direct
i i
flight to Kathmandu in Nepal We spent (spend) a day sightseeing Kathmandu is full of people,
assaa s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
rickshaws and the smell of sandalwood I’ve never been (be) on a trip like this before So I’m
a
as
really excited
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
DAY 2 It was raining (rain) when we reached Pokhara, Nepal’s second largest city, and saw the
wwww wwww
snowy peaks of the Himalayas for the first time. We reached (reach) Pokhara after a hair-raising
ad
six-hour bus journey along very narrow roads with a lot of hairpin bends. The bus was (be) so full
that one person had to share the driver’s seat
DAY 3 We began (begin) our trek at last. We are at about 900 metres and the weather is warm and
t t
.P
ee t ee t
humid. For lunch we had chips and yak cheese sandwiches. I didn’t like them very much. I’m thrilled
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
that we pitched (pitch) tents for our camps in the dense forests
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
DAY 4 Yesterday a landslide blocked (block) our path and we had to use ropes to get over it. This
a
morning we walked along the river Kali, Gandaki through dense forests of oak trees and we pitched
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
our camp at Tukuche below the Annapurna mountain range. The main danger in addition to land
w
w ww
wwww wwww
slides, is ‘yak attack’. Yaks are (be) not dangerous but you have to be careful if you meet a herd of
them because they can push you off the sides of the mountain
w
DAY 5 We met a lot of children on our trek through the villages They were playing (play) in the pool
of muddy rain water as we left the place. We have already climbed 2,400 metres. Up here, it never
eet t t t
rains (rain) and there are no trees. It is (be) windy and dusty and I am always thirsty
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
DAY 6 Yesterday we went (go) up to the mountainside of the township of Mukthinath, at 3,600
assaa aa aa
metres. The thin air with less oxygen there left (leave) us breathless. We felt (feel) that we couldn’t
a s
a s aass
go any further. We drank (drink) a lot of extra fluids to prevent altitude sickness
dd dd
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
DAY 7 We turned around today and started to descend to Jomosom. As we went down, the oxygen
ww ww
wwww wwww
filled our blood again and we seemed to fly (fly) instead of walking.
20
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
DAY 8 We went back to Pokhara in a small plane yesterday. It was exciting when we flew (fly)
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
between the mountain peaks. We arrived in Kathmandu this afternoon and we spent (spend) our
l
assaa aadd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
last few hours in shopping. We leave for Chennai tomorrow. We’ve had a trip of a lifetime.
a
ww P
.. P ww P
e. In the following passage, circle the verbs in simple present tense and underline the
..P
verbs in simple past. The first one has been done for you.
i) wwww wwww
Unless one is upright there is no use in being a charming fellow. Sometimes it is better to be honest
than attractive. These are the great truths of modern life which Shyam never realised. He never said
an ill-natured word in his life. He was always polite and spoke softly to everybody.
ii)
et
e t t t
That night he strolled into the Palette Club about eleven o’clock, and found Trevor sitting by
ee
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
himself in the long room. “Well, Alan, did you get the picture finished all right? ” he said, as he lit
his cigarette. “Finished and framed, my boy!”answered. Trevor, “and by-the-bye, you have made
assaa a saa
s assaa
a conquest. That old model you saw is quite devoted to you. I had to tell him all about you - who
a a
et
Paadd P Padd
a
you are, where you live, what your income is, what prospects you have.”
P
ww.. w
w ..
iii) ”And now tell me how Laura is. The old model was quite interested in her.””You don’t mean to
wwww wwww
.N
say you talked to him about her?” said Hughie “Certainly I did. He knows all about the relentless
colonel, the lovely Laura, and the £10,000.” “You told that old beggar all my private affairs?” cried.
Hughie, looking very red and angry. “My dear Alan,” cried Hughie, “I shall probably find him waiting
ai
for me when I go home.”
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l a .iN
.N
f. Fill in the blanks using Past tense forms of the verbs: (Pg.No. 16)
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
i I had never seen (see) such a beautiful sunrise before I came here.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
ii
P P add P P add
We were not able to stay overnight as we had not reserved (reserve) the tickets in advance.
a a
iii
w
w ..
Nirmala had been (be) to the concert several times.
ww..
wwww wwww
iv Mariappan knew Pudukottai so well because he had lived (live) there for five years.
ad
v Yusuf understood the problem because he had experienced (experience) the situation earlier.
vi Catherine did not have any cash because she had lost (lose) her purse.
vii My father had been (be) to Mumbai once before.
t t
.P
ee t ee t
viii The cat had chased (chase) the bird before it flew out of the yard.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
ix. Edith had visited (visit) several doctors before she found out what the problem was with her knee.
assaa aa aa
w
x
a s s a s s
If we had called (call) the manager ahead, we would not have needed to wait so long for a table
dd a dd a
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
g. Read the following news report and underline the past perfect tense form of the verb
w
w ww
and circle the simple past tense form of the verb. (Pg.No. 16)
wwww wwww
w
eet t t t
defeat Pakistan and win the Blind Cricket World Cup. India started off their chase in a cracking
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
manner, but had lost two quick wickets. Sunil Ramesh rose to the occasion as he played a great
assaa aa aa
knock to help India beat Pakistan and had scored 93 runs. Earlier India won the toss and had
a
dd s
a s ddaass
decided to bowl first. Pakistan amassed a huge score of 307 for eight in 40 overs. Their openers
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
had given them a brisk start which the later batsmen capitalized on.
ww ww
wwww wwww
21
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN l a i
a .iN
.N
complete the passage. The first one is done for you. (Pg.No. 16)
l l a
l i
a .iN
h. Read the following extract and fill in the spaces with the right form of verbs sand
.N .N
assaa aadd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
(i) The poet stops to hear the maiden singing while she (1) is cutting (cut) and (2) binding (bind)
a
the grain. The song of the lady (3) fascinates (fascinate) the poet, who (4) stands (stand) there
w P
.. P ww P
..P
to listen to the song. The girl is singing (sing) a sad song.
w
wwww wwww
(ii) During the monsoon, a tender slightly warm breeze(1) was blowing (blow)on a cloudless afternoon.
A sort of fragrance (2) rose (rise) from the wet grass and trees in the sunlight. It (3) seemed (seem)
as if the warm breath of the exhausted earth (4) was falling (fall) against one’s skin. A sweet voiced
bird somewhere(5) was chirping (chirp) repeatedly
I. et
e t
News Item :- eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
i Read the news item that appeared in a daily and fill in the blanks with suitable forms of
assaa saa
s
the verbs given in brackets. (Pg.No. 17)
aa as
asaa
et
Paadd P Padd
a
Ever since social networking sites entered our lives, they (1) have been serving (serve) as platforms
P
ww.. w
w ..
where users could use the virtual space offered by these social media. However, recent incidents (2)
wwww wwww
.N
have caused (cause) many to q uestion the freedom to express views on various issues and in some
cases, it (3) has become (become) a dangerous platform Social Contact (4) has transformed
(transform) people. They (5) have developed (develop) an addiction to it.
ai
J. Read the following passage and correct the errors you come across. (Pg.No. 17)
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
1.
.N al l a i
a .iN
.N l a i
a .iN
ajan slowly settled down to his retired life. His pension plus what his wife brought from the
R
.N
household work she did helped them to meet their requirements. Life was easy until one Sunday.
l l
assaa s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
His grand daughter came crying. The clay doll in her hand had broken into two. Rajan pacified her
a
as
P P add P P add
and promised to mend it. This small repair work became the founding stone of a very prosperous
a a
w
w .. ww..
venture into making clay dolls which earned him great respect.
2.
wwww wwww
Games and sports help in recreation. Soccer, cricket, lawn tennis or wrestling are eagerly watched
ad
by million of fans all over the world. It helps one to get a temporary relief from the tension of a
day. The dedication displayed by all the players in the field indicates the mental and spiritual
development of the players.
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N WRITING
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
a) Notice Writing (Pg.No. 17, 18) (For rules See TB Pg - 17)
w
i. a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
Prepare a notice to be displayed on the notice - board of your school for the students of
P Paa P Paa
class 11, informing them about the educational tour that has been arranged for them
.. ..
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
This is to inform that students of class XI & XII will be taken to
assaa dd s
a aa
s ddaassaa
Rameshwaram in July on an educational tour. Interested students can
a
register their names to the organizer given below.
aa aa
P
..P
Fee : 2000/- (for 2 days)
ww ww P
.. P
wwww wwww Rithish. K
(Tour - Incharge)
22
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
ii.
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
Write a notice about the inauguration of a laughter club in your school. (Pg.No. 17)
.N
assaa aa aa
“Inauguration - Laughter Club”
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s 20th June 2023
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
This is to inform the students of I & II year Higher Secondary class have decided to start a
ww ww
LAUGHTER CLUB in our school. Its inauguration will be on 25 June 2022 at 4.30 pm. It will
wwww wwww
be conducted in our school playground. All the Higher Secondary students are invited to
attend the function.
Sd/-
Arjun, SPL
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N
b)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Message : (For Sample see Pg TB - 18)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
You are the sports captain of your school, Write a message to the Physical Director, requesting him
aass as
as
et
PP add P P dd
to be present during the football team selection scheduled for tomorrow.
a aa
ww.. w
w .. 4 pm - 15th June 2023
wwww wwww
.N
Dear Sir,
You are requested to be present during the football team selection
tomorrow in our school ground at 5 pm
ai
Brijith
Books are our best friends. Books contain grains of wisdom. Books advise us. Books guide us. Good
books elevate our character. Novels, short stories, poetry etc. give us enjoyment. Reading gives us
pleasure. The books console me in sorrow. The books educate me. They entertain me. “Reading
maketh a full man” says Bacon. Reading makes us happy and wise.
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N *****
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
w
w ww
wwww wwww
w
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
23
eet t eet t
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa
et
PPaadd P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
ai
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
wwww wwww
ad
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
aas
ddjÄœs a
dd s
a s
P Paa
. . kfnd, K‹bdhU fhy¤âš P
.. Paa
w
ENGLISH
w
w ww
wwww
Once upon a time, son
wwww
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Search behind my shadow.
lal i
a.iN
.N
cŸbsh‹W it¤J òwbkh‹W ngR»‹wd.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
There was a time indeed c©ikÆš xU fhy« ïUªjJ
a
dd s
a s
They used to shake hands with their hearts
ddaass
mt®fŸ j§fŸ ïja m‹nghL ifFY¡»¡ bfh©lh®fŸ
But that’s gone, son
P
..Paa P Paa
Mdhš kfnd mit j‰nghJ ïšiy
..
ww
Now they shake hands without hearts
ww
j‰nghJ kd« ïšyhkš ifFY¡»¡ bfhŸ»wh®fŸ
My empty pockets.
wwww
While their left hands search
wwww
mt®fŸ ïlJ iffŸ
fhÈahf cŸs v‹ igfis JHhwd.
24
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
“Feel at home!”, “Come again”:
They say, and when I come
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
c§fŸ ålhf fUJ§fŸ, kWgoí« thU§fŸ
assaa aa aa
kÅj®fŸ brhš»wh®fŸ, ehD« tU«nghbjšyh« v‹ ålhf fUând‹
Again and feel
a
dd s
a s a s
a s
âU«gî« br‹nw‹, å£il¥ nghš
dd
At home, once, twice
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
cz®ªnj‹, KjšKiw, ïu©lh«Kiw
w
There will be no thrice -
w ww
Mdhš _‹whtJ Kiw
wwww
For then I find doors shut on me.
So I have learnt many things, son wwww
mt®fŸ vd¡F fjîfis _o¡bfh©lh®fŸ.
mjdhš eh‹ gyghl§fis f‰W¡bfh©nl‹, kfnd
I have learned to wear many faces eh‹ MilfŸ ngh‹W gy Kf§fis
Like dresses – home face mÂa f‰W¡bfh©nl‹ - å£o‹ Kf«,
et
e t
Office face, street face, host face
eet t
mYtyf Kf«, bjU Kf«, bjhF¥ghs® Kf«
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Cocktail face, with all their conforming smiles
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
ftiy cz®¢áfis fh£L« Kf«, Ãiyahd cUt¥gl ò‹dif¥nghš
assaa aa aa
Like a fixed portrait smile. m¥ò‹dif Ãiyahd Vkh‰wK« bra‰ifahf ïUªjJ.
aass as
as
et
And I have learned too
P
To laugh with only my teeth
Paadd P P dd
ehD« f‰w¡bfh©nl‹
aa
bra‰ifahf áǤJ¡bfhŸs f‰W¡bfh©nl‹
ww..
And shake hands without my heart
w
w ..
kd«Äšyhkš ifFY¡»¡ bfh©nl‹
wwww wwww
.N
I have also learned to say “Goodbye” “ãÇahÉil brhšy f‰W¡bfh©nl‹
When I mean “Good-riddance”: “xʪjJ ešynj” vd Ãid¡F« ïl¤âš:
To say “Glad to meet you” “rªâ¤jâš k»œ¢á vd brhšy nt©oÆUªjJ
ai
Without being glad; and to say “It’s been k»œ¢áahf ïšyhkš mt®fËl« “c§fnshL
eet t
Nice talking to you”, after being bored.
eet t
ngRtâš k»œ¢á mil»nw‹ vd rÈ¥òl‹ bghŒ T¿nd‹.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
rªâ¤jJ k»œ¢áahf cŸsJ” vd rȤJ bghŒ T¿d®
assaa s aa s aa
But believe me, son
a a s Mdhš e«ò kfnd
a a s
as
I want to be what I used to be
P Paadd P P add
eh‹ c‹id¥nghš ïU¡F«nghJ
a
w ..
When I was like you. I want
w
To unlearn all these muting things ww..
eh‹ vd¡F ão¤jij brŒnt‹
všyht‰iwí« ÄifgL¤â¡ TW« brašfis
wwww wwww
ad
fÉP® F¿¥ò
wwww
nf¥Çnaš
ww w w Mth®.
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w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a i .iN
.N
bjhl§», k»œ¢áahd jUz§fis brhšÈ Û©L« vjh®¤j thœ¡if¡F ï£L¢ brštjhf
l a
assaa aa aa
mikªâU¡F«. x¡fhuh j‹Dila fÉijÆY«, ciu eilÆY« M¥Ç¡fhÉ‹
a s
a s aass
áªjidfŸ, »uhÄa tH¡F M»at‰iw vL¤âa«òtjhf cUth¡»ÆU¡»wh®. The voice
dd dd
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
ïtÇ‹ Äf¢áwªj gil¥ò. The Fisherman’s invocation (1978), Little snake and Little frog
ww ww
(1981) An adventure to Juju Island (1992) M»ait ïtÇ‹ áwªj gil¥òfŸ.
wwww wwww
25
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN sentences each: (Pg.No. 23)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
1) Based on your understanding of the poem answer the following questions in one or two
.N .N
assaa i.
a s
a aa
s
What do you associate with the title of the poem ?
aadd aa a
dd s
a aa
s
The title of the poem makes us associate with a fairy tale which has a happy beginning and ending.
ii. ww P
.. P ww P
..P
What is the relationship between the narrator and the listener ?
wwww
The narrator is father and listener is his son. wwww
iii. What happens to the poet when he visits someone for the third time ?
When he visits someone for the third time their door remains shut for the poet.
et
e t eet t
iv. Pick out the expressions that indicate conflicting ideas.
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
a) to say “Good bye” when one means “Good-riddance”
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa saa
s ssaa
b) to say “Glad to meet you” without being glad
aa aa
et
PP add
c) to say “It’s been nice talking to you” after being bored.
a P Padd
a
v.
w ..
How does the poet compare his face with dresses ?
w w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
He often changes his face as that of changing dresses for suitable occasion.
vi. What does the poet mean when he says “good bye” ?
ai
He means “good –riddance” when he says “good bye”.
t t t t
vii. What pleasantries does the poet use to fake cordiality?
ee ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Good bye, Glad to meet you and It’s been nice talking to you are the pleasantries.
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
viii. What does he desire to unlearn and relearn ?
a a a a
as
P P add P P add
He desires to unlearn muting things and relearn real qualities of childhood.
a a
w ..
ix. How is the poet’s laugh reflected in the mirror ?
w ww..
wwww wwww
The poet’s laugh is reflected like a snake’s bare teeth.
ad
t t
.P
ee t ee t
xi. Mention the qualities the child in the poem symbolizes.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
The child is the symbol of innocence, purity, enthusiasm, happiness and genuineness.
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s s a s s
2) Fill in the blanks choosing the words from the box given and complete the summary of
a dd a
P
.. Paa
the poem: (For Passage See T.B. Pg - 23)
P
.. Paa
w
Answers:- w
w ww
a) Falsity wwww b) adults wwww
c) genuine d) superficially
w
eet t
m) relearn n) mirror
eet t
o) fangs
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
3)(a) Interpret each of the expressions used in the poem in one or two lines. (Pg. No. 24)
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
ii.
.N Shake hands without hearts.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i
a
It is a hand shake that does not show warmth but a routine formality.
l .iN
.N
assaa aa a s
a
iii. Like a fixed portrait smile.
dd
aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
A smile which remains fixed and does not change with personal feelings and moods.
ww P
.. P
iv. Hands search my empty pockets.
ww P
..P
v.
wwww wwww
In society at present, relationships are measured in terms of how much money/power one has.
To unlearn all these muting things.
Getting rid of falseness in one’s behaviour that makes his laugh unpleasant.
t t t t
(b). Read the lines given below and answer the question that follow : (Pg. No. 24)
ee ee
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
i) But now they only laugh with their teeth GMQ ; QY & HY 2018, Mar 23
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
While their ice- block- cold eyes-----
aass as
as
et
a) Who are they ? Mar 23
aadd
They refer to the people of modern times.
PP P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
b) Explain ice – block – cold – eyes QY - 2018, HY - 2019 , Aug 22, Mar 23
wwww wwww
.N
It means modern people greet each other with a laugh, which does not reach
the eyes . In short the eyes lack the feeling of warmth and care
c) Identify the figure of speech used here GMQ, HY - 2018, HY 2019, Aug 22
ai
The figure of speech used here is metaphor.
ii) eet t
Most of all , I want to relearn eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
How to laugh , for my laugh in the mirror May 2022
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Shows only my teeth like a Snake’s bare fangs !’
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P P add P P add
a) Why does the poet want to relearn how to laugh? June 2019, May 2022
a a
w .. ww..
The poet is aware that he too has become deceitful like others..
w
b) Whom does the poet want to relearn from ? June 2019
wwww wwww
ad
t t
.P
ee t ee t
Additional Appreciation Questions:-
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
(i)
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
“Cocktail face, with all their comforting smiles
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a) dd s
Like a fixed portrait smile.
a a s
What is a cocktail face? Sep 2020 a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
When the poet acts with mixed emotions, he has to show an artificial smile. It looks like a smile in a
fixed picture.
(ii) But that’s gone, son
e t t
Now they shake hands without hearts
e eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N While their left hands search
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
My empty pockets.
a s
a s
a) What is gone according to the speaker? March 2020
dd ddaass
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
In olden days people shook hands with their heart. But nowadays such an honesty is gone.
ww
b) Explain the second line? March 2020 ww
wwww wwww
Nowadays people’s handshakes have become mere duplicity.
They are not trust - worthy.
27
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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lalai .iN
.N Shaking hands as a fake gesture.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
lines. QY 2018 .N
assaa d)
a s
a aa
s
What does the phrase ‘search my empty
pockets’ mean? aadd aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Simile
(iv) Shows only my teeth like a snake’s bare fangs!’
ww P
.. P
It explains the dual nature of people. They are
ww P
..
a)P What do the snake’s bare fangs denote?
wwww
not true to relationships.
(iii) “I have learned to wear many faces”
wwww QY 2019
The poet’s laugh is artificial without his real
Like faces - home face” warm feelings
et
e t
And I have learned too
eet t (v) Feel at home, “come again”
lalai.iN
.N To laugh with only my teeth.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
They say ...
i .N
assaa aa aa
And shake hands without my heart. a) Who are they? March 2019
aass as
as
et
They refer to modern people
a)
PP add
Who is the speaker of this line QY 2019
a P Padd
a
..
The poet, Gabriel okara, is the speaker.
ww w
w ..b) Do they really mean it.
wwww wwww
No, they really don’t mean it.
.N
b) What has the poet learned? QY 2018
To show fake expression to others. (vi) But believe me, son Aug 2022
I want to be what I used to be
c) What did the poet learn to wear?
ai
The poet learned to wear many faces. a) What is the relationship between the
eet t eet t narrator and the Listener?
l a
l i
a .iN
d)
.N al
Explain the 4th line? QY 2019
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The poet has also learnt to laugh with only his l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The relationship between the narrator and the
assaa s aa s aa
listener is father and the son.
a a s
teeth in a fake manner without any emotion.
a a s
as
P Paadd b)
P Paadd
What does the poet long for?
e)
w
w ..
Find out the alliterated words
ww.. The poet long for his son to be an honest
wwww wwww
hands-heart genuine person.
ad
Figure of Speech
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 1.
When I was like you l a
l i
a.iN
.N
I have learned to wear many faces like dresses
l a
l i
a.iN
.N Simile
Simile
assaa aa aa
w
2. a
dd s
a s
- - - - - with all their conforming smiles a
dd s
a s Simile
P Paa
Like a fixed portrait smile
.. P
.. Paa
w
w
w ww
wwww wwww
3. While their ice- block - cold eyes Metaphor
w
eet t 6.
t t
Cocktail face , with all their Conforming smiles
ee Alliteration
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 7.
lal i
a.iN
.N
Nice talking to you , after being bored
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Alliteration
assaa 8.
9. aadd s
a aa
s
But believe me , son
a
I want to be What I used to be add
a aassaa Alliteration
Alliteration
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
10. Shows only my teeth like a snakes bare fangs Alliteration
28
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N 11. So show me, son
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Alliteration
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
12. Once upon a time Repetition
13.
aa a
dd a
“Feel at home” “come again”
aa a
dd a Sarcasm
14. ww P
.. P
When I mean “good-riddance” ww P
..P Oxymoron
15. wwww
I find doors shut on me wwww Euphemism
16. They used to laugh with their heart Metonymy
17. They shake hands without hearts Metonymy
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N a i .iN
.N
C. Explain the following lines with Reference to the context
l l a l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa saa
s ssaa
i) Once upon a time, son March 2023
aa aa
et
PP add
They used to laugh with their eyes:
a P Padd
a
Reference:
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
These lines are taken from
Poem Once upon a time
ai
poet Gabriel Okara
eet t
Context:
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The poet says these words while explaining the behaviour of the people in the past.
assaa aa aa
Explanation:
a s
a s a s
a s
The poet tells his son about the behaviour of people in the olden days. He remembers a time when
as
Paadd P Paadd
people had true feelings for one another. They would laugh from the heart which reach their eyes
P
w
w .. ww..
with the same warmth feeling. They meet one another with genuine feeling.
ii)
wwww
There will be no thrice
wwww
ad
t t
.P
ee t
Poet Gabriel Okara
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Context:
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s
The poet brings out the sarcastic feeling through this line.
a
dd s
a s
Explanation:
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
The poet says that today in modern world people receive their guest and say come again and ask
w
w ww
wwww wwww
them to feel at home. But those words does not come from their heart. When the guests visits them
once or twice they will be given a warm welcome. When it continues for the third time the doors of
w
e t t
Like dresses.............. Aug 2022
e eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Reference:
These lines are taken from lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Poem
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Once upon a time
add
a aassaa
Poet
w P
..P
Gabriel Okara
w ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
29
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N Context:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Here the poet talks about the innate changes in him.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Explanation:
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
The poet changes his behaviour according to the situation which prevails at that time and slowly
w P
.. P ww P
..P
disappears his natural behaviour. In this context he compares his change of behaviour with that of
w
wwww
changing dresses suitable for different occasion.
et
e t
This line is taken from
eet t
lalai.iN
.N Poem
l a
l i
Once upon a time
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Poet saa
s
Gabriel Okara
aa as
asaa
et
Context:
PPaadd P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
The poet said these words while expressing his longing desire for his childhood days.
wwww wwww
.N
Explanation:
The poet has a deep desire to go back to the innocence of childhood. He is dissatisfied with his own
changed self. He wants to relearn how to behave in a natural way and wants to get rid of his fake
ai
behaviour. In this context he uttered the above words.
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N F¿¥ò: ERC al
for slow
l a
l i
a .iN
.Nvªj
learners
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Once upon a time poem poetic
a ass ¤âš ïUªJ tÇfŸ bfhL¤jhY«
s
ÑnH
aa s
as
bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs
P Pa add key words c§fS¡F cjÉahf ïU¡F«PPaadd
ia ERC
vGjî«
ÑnH.bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs
.
ww .
Key words: (
w w.. )
wwww wwww
(Once upon a time, laugh with their hearts, eyes, teeth, ice-block-cold eyes, shadow, shake
ad
hands, empty pocket, Feel at home, come again, once, twice, thrice, doors shut on me,
many faces, home face, smiles, good bye, good riddance, glad, nice talking to yours laugh,
a snake’s bare fangs).
t t
.P
ee t Content:-
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
Poem .N Once upon a time
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s Poet
a
dd s
a s
Gabriel Okara
Explanation:-
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
The poet wants to relearn the good qualities and unlearn the bad qualities. He talks to his
w
w ww
wwww wwww
son about the adult world. He says the world of childhood was filled with warmth but now
w
it is lacking. The people wear masks for different situations. They hide reality. So the poet
asks his son to teach him how to laugh, when he was a child like him.
4. Answer the following question in about 100 - 150 words each. (Pg. No. 24)
I. eet t eet t
Explain the things the poet has learnt when he grew into an adult. May 2022
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
The poet has learnt many fake attitudes and behaviour when he grew into an adult. As he has to
l
assaa dd s
a aa
s ddaassaa
thrive in the society, he is forced to wear the fake mask. The poet feels that he behaves differently in
a
different situations. He behaves differently in the office compared to the way he behaves at a party,
aa aa
w P
..P ww P
.. P
or on the street. In this context he feels that he changes his face like that of changing dresses on
w
wwww wwww
different occasion. This fact gets conveyed through the lines
30
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
I have learned to wear many faces like dresses
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The poet is sure that the different face that he puts on is not his real face. He also learnt to have
assaa aa a s
a aa
s
aa a s
a aa
s
artificial smile on all occasions. He learnt to say things that he doesn’t really mean, because they are
dd dd
the correct things to say in that situation. For example, He sometimes politely greets a person saying
w P
.. P ww P
..P
“Glad to meet you” even though he may not be interested in meeting him or her. He also learnt to
w
wwww wwww
laugh only with teeth which is expressionless and shake hands without his heart which makes it a
routine formality. He feels sad that like other adults in today’s world he has forgotten how to be a
natural person.
II. This poem is nothing but a criticism of modern life. Justify this statement.
et
e t eet t
The poem ‘Once upon A Time’ is for sure considered as a criticism of modern life. Throughout the
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
poem the poet laments about the fake behaviour of the people in the present day. They do not
assaa aa aa
laugh whole heartedly and their hand shake has no warmth in it. Everything seems to be a mere
aass as
as
formality. In society at present relationships are measured in terms of how much money one has.
et
Paadd P Padd
a
People utter words of welcome and exchange pleasantries but those words come only from the tip of
P
ww.. w ..
their tongues and not from the depth of their hearts. They have also learnt the art of changing their
w
wwww wwww
.N
facial expressions according to situations merely to ensure social acceptance. Moreover their smiles
are “Like a fixed portrait smile” which has no specific expressions in it. They are not trust-worthy and
have become so selfish that they are concerned only about their own personal benefits. Even when
ai
they utter words of good deed they mean something else in their mind which clearly gets conveyed
from the lines.
eet t eet t
To say Glad to meet you without being glad;
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l
Thus it is made clear that the poem is just a criticism of modern life.i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
III. “Face is the index of the mind” Does this adage concur with the views of the poet?
P aadd P aadd
The face is described as the index of mind since it evidently reflects the inner feelings of an individual.
P P
w
w .. ww..
It produces sentiments, thoughts and emotional feelings in a very strong way as compared to other
wwww wwww
parts of the body. Some scholars see the face as an advertisement of real occurrences deep in the
ad
mind. In this poem ‘Once Upon A Time’ the poet brings forth the falsity of the people which does not
get revealed in their face in any way. They change their facial expressions according to situations
merely to ensure social acceptance. They wear masks and exhibit multiple faces. The lines - home
t t
.P
ee t ee t
face, office face, street face, host face, cocktail face reveals the above fact. Even when they utter
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
words of pleasantries they have something else in their mind which does not get revealed in their
face. They say “Its been nice talking to you”, after being bored. Thus the above facts clearly reveals
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
that the adage “ Face is the index of the mind” does not concur with the views of the poet.
P
.. Paa
Paragraph for Toppers (gifted students):
P
.. Paa
w
w
w ww
Poem
wwww : Once upon a time
wwww
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
thrive in the society, he is forced to wear the fake mask. The poet feels that he behaves differently in
assaa aa aa
different situations. He behaves differently in the office compared to the way he behaves at a party,
a s
a s aass
or on the street. In this context he feels that he changes his face like that of changing dresses on
dd dd
..Paa P
.. Paa
different occasion. The poet is sure that the different face that he puts on is not his real face. He also
P
learnt to have artificial smile on all occasions. He learnt to say things that he doesn’t really mean,
ww ww
wwww wwww
because they are the correct things to say in that situation. For example, He sometimes politely
greets a person saying “Glad to meet you” even though he may not be interested in meeting him
31
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i
a .iN
or her. He also learnt to laugh only with teeth which is expressionless and shake hands without his
.N
heart which makes it a routine formality. He feels sad that like other adults in today’s world he has
l
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
forgotten how to be a natural person.
aa a
dd a aa a
dd a
Moral: Face is the index of mind
P
.. P
Paragraph for Average students:
ww ww P
..P
1.
Poem
wwww : Once upon a time
wwww
Explain the things the poet has learnt when he grew into an adult.
et
e t Theme : Child is equal to God
eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
This poem shows how a father wants to learn the qualities of childhood from his son. The poet talks
to his son about the adult world. He says the world of childhood was filled with warm, sincere and
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa
genuine feelings for others. But now the adult society is lacking all these qualities. He has forgotten
et
Paadd P Padd
a
to laugh with his heart. He has developed ice-block-cold eyes. The adults have moved away from
P
ww.. w
w ..
trust, warmth and hospitality. They wear masks for different situations. They hide reality. Now he is
wwww wwww
.N
ready to give up his fake qualities. He requests his son to teach him, how to laugh, the way he used
to laugh, when he was a child like him.
Moral: Face is the index of mind
ai
Paragraph for Slow learners: (Late bloomers)
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Poem :
al l a
l a .iN
Once upon a time
i .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Poet : Gabriel Okara
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P Paadd
There is no truth in words and actions.
P Paadd
In this poem, the father speaks to his son about the adult world.
w
w .. ww..
He wants to learn the qualities of childhood from his son
wwww wwww
He compares his present life with his childhood days
ad
He says about the duplicate smile and handshakes of modern society.
He wants to become a child again.
He wants to relearn the good qualities.
t t
.P
ee t
ee t
He wants to laugh and smile genuinely like a child again.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Child is equal to God
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
5.
a
dd s
a s
Listening Activity. (Pg. No. 24)
a
dd s
a s
P
.. Pa P
.. Pa
First read the questions given below. Next, listen to an excerpt from a poem read out by
a a
w
your teacher or played in a recorder. Note how a child admires and praises the abilities
w
w ww
wwww wwww
of his/her father. Then tick the right answer from the options given below.
w
eet t
a) fail b) frail
eet t c) jail d) snail
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
iii)
a) glory
l l a.iN
.N
b) prosperity
l
c) confidence a
l a .iN
.N
It is certain that the father would restore the __________ of the family member.
a i i d) happiness
assaa iv)
a s
a aa
s
The father will not be able to mend a broken ___________.
a) table
aaddb) bench
add
a a
c) chairassaa
d) stool
v)
w P
..P w P
.. P
The children expect their __________ to guide them in action.
w w
a) mother
wwww b) father
wwww c) teacher d) guardian
32
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l
fhty® gh¥ãl« xU foj« bfhL¤jh®. mªj foj¤âš KjÈš tªjJjh‹ mtÇ‹ e©g® Í«Ä
a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa asaa
s as
asaa
v‹W« nkY« fh¤âU¥gt® áfh¡nfh fhty®fshš njl¥g£L tU« F‰wthË gh¥ vdî« mt®
a
et
Paadd P Padd
a
áfbu£ g‰w it¡f Ô¡F¢áia cuáa nghJ tªj btË¢r¤âš mij bjǪJ bfh©ljhfî« vGâ
P
ww..
ïUªjJ. ïij go¤jJ« gh¥ m⮪J nghdh®.
w
w ..
wwww www
.N
ENGLISH wjĜ
The policeman on the beat moved up the avenue
ai
fhtš mâfhÇ xUt® áwªj clš njh‰w¤Jl‹ mªj
impressively. The impressiveness was habitual and not bjUÉš nuhªJ gÂÆš <Lg£oUªjh®. mtuJ eil
eet t eet t
for show, for spectators were few. The time was barely bra‰ifahd x‹wšy. VbdÅš m§F mtiu¤
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
10 o’ clock at night, but chilly gusts of wind with a taste
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
jÉu ntW ahUÄšiy. m¥bghGJ neu« Rkh® 10
assaa aa aa
of rain them had well nigh depeopled the streets. k ïU¡F«. kiH¡ fh‰W« nkfK« bjUit
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P Paadd
Trying doors as he went, twirling his club with many
P Paadd
bt¿¢nrhl¢ brŒâUªjJ.
w
w ..
intricate and artful movements, turning now and then
ww.. mªj fhtš mâfhÇ tÊÆš ïUªj å£L¡ fjîfis
nrhjid brŒJ bfh©nl elªj Éj«, ifÆš
wwww wwww
to cast his watchfl eye adown the pacific thoroughfare,
ad
e t ee t
you might see the lights of a cigar store or of an all night
e jÉu k‰w filfŸ ó£l¥g£oUªjd.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a.iN
.N
lunch counter; but the majority of the doors belonged to
i
business places that had long since been closed.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aaxU f£ol¤â‹ mUnf mt® bkJthf elªJ tªjh®. aa
w
aass
When about midway of a certain block the policeman
dd xU aas
ddthÆšs
P
.. Paa
suddenly slowed his walk. In the doorway of a darkened
ïU©l ïU«ò¡ fil K‹ò xU kÅj‹
P Pa a
. . tUtij¡
w
eet t eet t
years ago. Sounds a little funny to you, doesn’t it? Well, K‹ò â£lÄl¥g£lJ c§fS¡F eh‹ TWtJ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal a.iN
.N
I’ll explain if you’d like to make certain it’s all straight.
i
About that long ago there used to be a restaurant where
l a
l a .iN
.N
nto¡ifahf ïU¡fyh«. ïUgJ M©LfS¡F K‹ò
i
ïªj fil ïU¡F« ïl¤âš bgÇa Joe Brandy’s czî
assaa s aa
s ssaa
this store stands—Big Joe’ Brady’s restaurant.”
aa a
dd a
“Until five years ago,” said the policeman. “It was torn
add
a a
ÉLâ ïUªjJ.”
a
“ IªJ tUl§fS¡F K‹ò jh‹ mJ ïo¡f¥g£lJ”
down then.”
ww P
..P ww P
.. P v‹wh® mªj fhty®
wwww wwww
33
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The man in the doorway struck a match and lit his cigar.
The light showed a pale, square-jawed face with keen
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
m«kÅj‹ j‹ thÆÈUªJ áfbu£il g‰w it¤j
assaa aa aa
nghJ mtdJ Kf¤âš ïU TÇa ÉÊfS«,tyJ
a s s
eyes, and a little white scar near his right eyebrow. His
dd a a s
a s
ïikÆ‹ nkš xU bt© jG«ò« bjËthf¤
dd
P
.. Paa
scarf pin was a large diamond, oddly set.
P
..Paa
bjǪjJ. mtdJ fG¤ij R‰¿ ïUªj JÂÆš xU
mH»a bgÇa itu« gâ¡f¥g£oUªjJ.
ww ww
wwww
at Big Joe Brady’s with Jimmy Wells, my best chum, wwww
“Twenty years ago tonight,” said the man, “I dined here
et
e t eet t
eighteen and Jimmy was twenty. The next morning I was taJ 18 mtdJ taJ 20. mªj kWehŸ eh‹ nk‰F
lalai.iN
.N l a a .iN
.N
to start for the West to make my fortune. You couldn’t
i
have dragged Jimmy out of New York; he thought it was
l l a
l a .iN
.N
neh¡» gz« r«ghâ¡f bršyÉUªnj‹. Mdhš
i
mtid ahuhY« Ãôah®¡if É£L btËna mD¥gnt
assaa saa
s ssaa
the only place on earth. Well, we agreed that night that
aa a
KoahJ. VbdÅš mtD¡F mJk£Lnk cyf«. vdnt
a
et
PPaadd
we would meet here again exactly twenty years from
that date and time, no matter what our conditions might
P Padd
a
m‹W eh§fŸ rÇahf 20 tUl§fŸ fʤJ vªj NHÈš
ww..
be or from what distance we might have to come. We
w
w .. ïUªjhY«, mnj ïl¤âš rªâ¥gjhf x¥gªj« brŒJ
wwww wwww
.N
bfh©nlh« mªj fhy mtfhr¤â‰FŸ Éâ v§fis
figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our
mj‹ â£l¥go ïG¤J¢ br‹¿¡F« v‹W e«ãndh«.
destiny worked out and our fortunes made, whatever
they were going to be.”
ai
“It sounds pretty interesting,” said the policeman. “Äfî« Rthu°akhf ïU¡»wJ xUntis
eet t eet t
“Rather a long time between meets, though, it seems to vd¡F¤jh‹ ïUgJ M©LfŸ bgÇjhf¤ bjÇ»wnjh!”
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
me. Haven’t you heard from your friend since you left?”
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
v‹wh® m¡fhty® “ïilÆš Ú§fŸ c§fŸ e©giu¢
assaa aa aa
rªâ¡fnt ïšiyah?”
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P aadd
“Well, yes, for a time we corresponded,” said the other.
“But after a year or two we lost track of each other.
P P P add
“rªâ¤njh«. Mdhš xÇU M©LfËš Û©L«
a
bjhl®g‰W¥ nghndh«. nk‰f¤âa ehLfŸ Äf¥ guªjJ.
w
w ..
You see, the West is a pretty big proposition, and I kept
ww..
mjdhš m§F R‰¿ âǪnj eh£fŸ fʪJÉ£lJ.
wwww wwww
hustling around over it pretty lively. But I know Jimmy vd¡F bjÇí« Í«Ä cÆnuhL ïUªjhš f©o¥ghf
ad
will meet me here if he’s alive, for he always was the v‹id rªâ¡f tUthbd‹W. VbdÅš mt‹ jh‹
truest, staunchest old chap in the world. He’ll never ïªj cyf¤ânyna ne®ikahdt‹, áwªj kd¤âl«
forget. I came a thousand miles to stand in this door cilat‹. mt‹ xUnghJ« v‹id kw¡fkh£lh‹.
t t
.P
e t ee t
tonight, and it’s worth it if my old partner turns up.”
e MÆu« ikÆšfš flªJ ï‹W ïªj ïl¤âš Éf
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
eh‹ tªâU¡»nw‹. eh‹ v‹ e©gid¢ rªâ¤jhš
assaa aa aa
v‹ J‹g« jFkhdJ jh‹.
w
a
dd s
a s
The waiting man pulled out a handsome watch, the lids
a s
a s
m«kÅj‹ jdJ gh¡bf£oÈUªJ xU itu«
dd
P
.. Paa
of it set with small diamonds.
P
.. Paa
gâ¡f¥g£l if¡fofhu¤ij vL¤jh‹.
w
w
w
“Three minutes to ten,” he announced. “It was exactly
ww “g¤J kÂahf ï‹D« _‹W ÃÄl§fŸ cŸsd.
wwww wwww
ten o’clock when we parted here at the restaurant door.” ïUgJ tUl§fS¡F K‹ò eh§fŸ ãǪj nghJ
w
rÇahf g¤Jk”
“You bet! I hope Jimmy has done half as well. He was a “eh‹ rthš ÉL»nw‹. Í«Äeh‹ r«ghâ¤jâš
kind of plodder, though, good fellow as he was. I’ve had ghâahtJ mtD« r«ghâ¤J ïU¥gh‹. mt‹
eet t e t t
to compete with some of the sharpest wits going to get
e Äfî« ešyt‹ v‹whY« ïa‰ifÆš Äfî«
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
West to put a razor-edge on him.”
lal i
a.iN
.N
my pile. A man gets in a groove in New York. It takes the
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
bkJthfbrašgLth‹. eh‹ ïªj Ãiy¡F tu
assaa aa aa
gy âwikrhÈfSl‹ nghuhl nt©oÆUªjJ.
a
dd s
a s aass
mtnd Ãíah®»Èna j‹id Kl¡»¡ bfh©lt‹
dd
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
nk‰»ÈUªJ tªj eh‹ xU kh‰w¤ij V‰gL¤j
nt©L«.”
ww ww
wwww wwww
The policeman twirled his club and took a step or two. mªj fhty® jdJ ifÆÈUªj F¢áia RH£oathW
efu Mu«ã¤jh®.
34
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l
right. Going to call time on him sharp?” i
a .iN
.N
“I’ll be on my way. Hope your friend comes around all
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
“eh‹ »s«ò»nw‹ c§fsJ e©g® tUth® vd
e«ò»nw‹. neu¤â‰F tUkhW mtiu miH¥Õ®fsh?”
assaa a s
a aa
s
“I should say not!” said the other. “I’ll give him half an
aadd
hour at least. If Jimmy is alive on earth he’ll be here by
aa a s
a aa
s
“ïšiy, ï‹DbkhU miukÂneu« eh‹
dd
fh¤âU¥ng‹. mt‹ ïªj cyf¤âš cÆUl‹
P
.. P
that time. So long, officer.”
ww ww P
..PïUªjhš, f©o¥ghf tUth‹”.
wwww
his beat, trying doors as he went. wwww
“Good-night, sir,” said the policeman, passing on along “rÇ eh‹ tU»nw‹”, v‹W T¿É£L mªj fhty®
jdJ tH¡fkhd njhuizíl‹ nuhªJ gÂia¤
bjhl®ªjh®.
There was now a fine, cold drizzle falling, and the wind m¥bghGJ rhuš fyªj bj‹wš fh‰W Ãiyahf
et
e t e t t
had risen from its uncertain puffs into a steady blow.
e åá¡ bfh©oUªjJ. m§»Uªj xUáy ghjrhÇfS«
lalai.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
The few foot passengers astir in that quarter hurried
i
dismally and silently along with coat collars turned high
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
j§fsJ r£il fhyiu ca®¤â ifia gh¡bf£oš
it¤jthW ÉiuªJ bfh©oUªjd®. Mdhš
assaa saa
s
and pocketed hands. And in the door of the hardware
aa aassaa
ïU«ò¡fil K‹ m«kÅj® thÆš xU áfbu£Ll‹
et
PPaadd
store the man who had come a thousand miles to fill an
P Paadd
j‹ ghÈa e©gD¡fhf fh¤J¡ b fh©oUªjh®.
w..
appointment, uncertain almost to absurdity , with the
w
friend of his youth, smoked his cigar and waited. w w ..
wwww wwxU ca®ªj kÅj‹ Ús
.N
w
xU ïUgJ ÃÄl§fS¡Fw
About twenty minutes he waited, and then a tall man in
ã‹
a long overcoat, with collar turned up to his ears, hurried
nfh£Ll‹ vâ® âirÆÈUªJ. fh¤J¡ bfh©oUªj
across from the opposite side of the street. He went
ai
m«kÅjiu neh¡» tªjh®.
directly to the waiting man.
eet t
“Is that you, Bob?” he asked, doubtfully.
eet t mªj òJ kÅj® ïtÇl« tªJ “Ú® jh‹ gh¥
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
v‹gtuh?”v‹W rªnjf¤Jl‹ nf£lh®
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
“Is that you, Jimmy Wells?” cried the man in the door. Ú Í«Ä jhnd v‹W k»œ¢áÆš f¤âdh®.
a a a a
as
P Paadd
“Bless my heart!” exclaimed the new arrival, grasping
P Paadd
mªj òJ kÅj® ghã‹ ïU iffisí« ão¤J
w
w ..
both the other’s hands with his own. “It’s Bob, sure as
w
fate. I was certain I’d find you here if you were still in
w.. “v‹id MÓ®tâí§fŸ” v‹wh®. ïJ ârakhf
wwww wwww
(Bob) jh‹. “Ú tUthŒ v‹W vd¡F¤ bjÇí«. ïUgJ
ad
existence. Well, well, well! Twenty years is a long time. M©LfŸ Äf ÚskhdJ jh‹. mªj nAh£lš ï¥nghJ
The old restaurant’s gone, Bob; I wish it had lasted, so ïUªâUªjhš m§nf Û©L« rh¥ã£oU¡fyh«.
we could have had another dinner there. How has the nk‰»š Ú v¥go ïU¡»whŒ?”
West treated you, old man?”
t t
.P
ee t ee t
“Bully; it has given me everything I asked it for. You’ve “Äfî« fodkhf ïUªjJ. mJ eh‹ vâ® gh®¤jJ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
two or three inches.”
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
changed lots, Jimmy. I never thought you were so tall by
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
jh‹. Ú Äfî« kh¿É£lhŒ, Í«Ä “Ú ï›tsî
assaa aa aa
caukhŒ ïU¥ghŒ vd eh‹ Ãid¡fnt ïšiy”.
w
a
dd s
a s
“Oh, I grew a bit after I was twenty.” “Doing well in New
a
dd s
a s
“Mkh« vdJ ïUgjhtJ taâš eh‹ á¿J
.. Paa
York, Jimmy?” “Moderately. I have a position in one of
P P
.. Paa
ts®ªnj‹“. “Ãôah®¡»š Ú v¥go ïU¡»whŒ Í«Ä?”
w
w
the city departments. Come on, Bob; we’ll go around
w ww “Vnjh ïU¡»nw‹ efu mYty§fŸ x‹¿š xU ešy
wwww wwww
to a place I know of, and have a good long talk about ntiyÆš cŸns‹ th eh« elªJ bfh©nl ekJ
w
old times.” The two men started up the street, arm in flªj fhy¤ij¥ g‰¿ ngRnth«”. nk‰»ÈUªJ tªj
arm. The man from the West, his egotism enlarged gh¥ jdJ bt‰¿fis Äf¥ bgUikahf¥ ngádh‹
by success, was beginning to outline the history of his Í«Ä Äfî« M®tkhŒ nf£L¡ bfh©oUªjh®.
career. The other, submerged in his overcoat, listened
eet t
with interest.
e t
e t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a
mªj
l i
a N
.NKf¤ij gh®¤jkUªJ¡fil
.iegNj
At the corner stood a drug store, brilliant with electric
l bjUKidÆÈUªj btË¢r¤âš
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aaÍ«Ä btš° mšy” ïUgJ tUl« ÚskhdJajh‹. s aa
lights. When they came into this glare each of them
aa s mªj gh¥
dd Mdhš xUtÇ‹ _¡if r¥igahf kh‰w
turned simultaneously to gaze upon the other’s face.
âL¡»£L Ëwh‹.
dd a s
“Ú
P aa
The man from the West stopped suddenly and released
..P P
.. Pa a
KoahJ.
ww
his arm. “You’re not Jimmy Wells,” he snapped. “Twenty
w w
wwww wwww
years is a long time, but not long enough to change a
man’s nose from a Roman to a pug.”
35
eet t eet t
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
“It sometimes changes a good man into a bad one”, said
the tall man. “You’ve been under arrest for ten minutes,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
“Mdhš áy neu§fËš fhy« ešyt®fis
assaa aa aa
bf£lt®fshf kh‰¿ÉL»wJ”. v‹wh® mªj ca®ªj
a s s
‘Silky’ Bob. Chicago thinks you may have dropped over
dd a a s
a s
kÅj®. “Ú g¤J ÃÄl« v§fsJ ãoÆš ïUªjhŒ
dd
.. Paa
our way and wires us she wants to have a chat with
P
you. Going quietly, are you? That’s sensible. Now, before P
..Paa
gh¥ Ú v§fËlÄUªJ j¥ãÉLthŒ v‹bw©Â
á¡fh¡nfh fhtšJiw jftš mD¥ã¡ bfh©nl
ww ww
wwww wwww
we go on to the station here’s a note I was asked to ïU¡»wJ. Úah ï›tsî mikâahŒ brš»whŒ?
hand you. You may read it here at the window. It’s from Äfî« áÈ®¡»wJ eh« fhtš Ãiya¤J¡F¢ bršY«
Patrolman Wells.” K‹ ïªj foj¤ij go¡f nt©L«. ïij nuhªJ
mYty® btš° c‹Ål« ju¢ brh‹dh®”.
et
e t eet t
The man from the West unfolded the little piece of paper gh¥ mªj á¿a jhis ãǤJ go¡f Mu«ã¤j nghJ
lalai.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
handed to him. His hand was steady when he began to
i
read, but it trembled a little by the time he had finished.
l a
l a .iN
.N
Ãiyahf ïUªj mtdJ iffŸ thá¡f thá¡f
i
eL§f Mu«ã¤jd. Mdhš mâš vGj¥g£oUªjJ
assaa The note was rather short.
aasaa
s assaa
xU á¿a th¡»ank.
a
et
aadd
“Bob, I was at the appointed place on time. When you
PP P Padd
a
gh¥,eh« â£lÄ£l neu¤âš F¿¤j ïl¤â‰F eh‹
w.. w
w ..
struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face
w tªnj‹ . Mdhš Ú áfbu£ g‰wit¤j btË¢r¤âš
wwww wwww
.N
of the man wanted in Chicago. Somehow I couldn’t do Ú jh‹ á¡fhnfhÉš njl¥gL« F‰wthË v‹gij
it myself, so I went around and got a plainclothes man m¿ªJ bfh©nl‹. ïUªjhY« v‹dhš c‹id
to do the job.” ifJ brŒa ïayhj fhuz¤jhš, ïªj fhtyiu
ai
mD¥ãnd‹”.
eet t e et t
-JIMMY Í«Ä
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
MáÇa® F¿¥òlal i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa X.bA‹¿ 1862-1910 ( )
a as
Äf¢ áwªj ãugykhdsaaáWfij vG¤jhs®. ÉšÈa« á£Å a s
a aa
s
as
ngh®£l® v‹gJ ïtÇ‹ ïa‰bgauhF«.dd ïtÇ‹fÉijfŸ dd
P
thœ¡ifia g‰¿na mik¡f¥g£L Pa a ïtUila Ãôah®¡ efu k¡fË‹ vËa
. . mik¡f¥g£L ïU¡F«. Mdhš fijÆ‹ KoÉš ahU«
ïU¡F«. áWfijfŸ cy»š ..
ãuáâ¥bg‰wit. P
Paa
NœÃiyfS¡F V‰wthWw w w w
vâ®ghuhj âU¥g«w
w ww fijfËš tU« eif¢Rit, th®¤ij totik¥òwwmid¤J«
fijfŸ
ww
ad
mikí«.
áw¥ghdit. 1902 Kjš ït® áwªj vG¤jhsuhf Úôah®¡ efÇš vGj¤ bjhl§»dh®. 381
áWfijfis ït® vGâíŸsh®. PhÆW thu ïjËš, â Úôah®¡ ntšL v‹w jiy¥ãš
ïtÇ‹ fijfŸ btËtªJ bfh©oU¡»‹wd. 1905š X bA‹¿Æ‹ After twenty years
t t
.P
ee t ee t
v‹w áWfij PhÆW thu ïjËš btËÆl¥g£lJ. X bA‹¿Æ‹ fij brhšY« Éj¤ij
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
ã‹g‰¿ vG¤jhs® b#afhªj‹ jÄÊš áWfijfŸ vGâíŸsh®. The four million, The gift
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
of the magi etc ïtÇ‹ gy gil¥òfŸ MF«.
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
w w
1. Answer the following questions in a sentence or two each, based on your understanding
w w
wwww
of the story. (Pg.No. 31)
wwww
w
assaa c.
a s
a aa
s
Why were the streets devoid of people?
aadd add
a aassaa
The streets were deviod of people because the time was barely 10 o’clock night with chill climate.
d. ww P
..P ww P
.. P
What story did the man standing near the handware store tell the passing cop?
wwww wwww
The man was just waiting for a friend. It was an appointment made twenty years ago.
36
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
e.
.N l a i
a .iN
What used to be there in the place of that shop twenty years ago?
.N
Twenty years ago, there used to be a restaurant.
l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa f.
a s
a aa
s
Describe the man awaiting the arrival of his friend.
aadd aa a
dd s
a aa
s
He has a pale square - jawed face with keen eyes and a little white scar near his right eye brow.
g. ww P
.. P
Why did the friends part ways? ww P
..P
h.
wwww wwww
Bob went to west to make his fortune. Jimmy is in the true city who couldn’t leave his home town.
When and how did Bob realise that the tallman was not his friend?
Bob realised that the tallman was not his friend Jimmy Wells from the shape of his nose.
i.
et
e t
Who was the tallman?
eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The tallman’s name was Jimmy Wells. He was a police officer.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa saa
s ssaa
k. What did he give Bob?
aa aa
et
He gave a note to Bob.
PPaadd P Padd
a
2.
ww.. w
w ..
State whether the following statements are true or false. (T.B.P.No : 31)
wwww wwww
.N
a. The cop suddenly slowed his walk, when he heard the barking of dogs. False
b. The friends grew up together in the city of New York. True
ai
c. Both Jimmy and Bob were of the same age False
d.
e t t t t
The friends parted one night after watching a movie together
e ee
False
l a
l i
a .iN
e.
.N al l a
l a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The friends could not keep in touch because they lost each other’s phone numbers.
i False
assaa aa aa
f. Bob wanted to stay for half an hour more than the appointed time True
a s
a s a s
a s
as
g.
P P add
Jimmy grew a little taller after he was twenty.
a P Paadd False
h.
.. ..
Bob realised that the tall man was not Jimmy Wells from the shape of his nose.
w
w ww
True
3.
wwww wwww
What does each of the following mean in the story? Choose the right option.
ad
a. on the beat :
i) Moving around hitting every one with a stick.
ii) on duty walking around the assigned area.
t t
.P
ee t ee
iii) marching with his heart beating fast t
l a
l i
a .iN
b..N a guardian of peace :
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
i) a watchman
ii) a holy man a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
iii) a policeman
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
w
w ww
c. arm in arm
wwww wwww
w
37
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
Jimmy was his best friend and the finest chap in the world. Before Bob left to try his luck in the west,
.N
they made a plan to meet again exactly twenty years later. No matter what their conditions might be
assaa b. aadd s
a aa
s
or from what distance they might have to come.
a aa a
dd s
a aa
s
What are the strengths and weaknesses of Jimmy wells from Bob’s point of view?
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
Jimmy Well was the truest staunchest old chap in the world. He would never forget his responsibility.
wwww wwww
These are general positive descriptions showing that Jimmy was a good friend to Bob. Bob goes
on to deliver some veiled criticisms of Jimmy. He seems to doubt that Jimmy will have become as
financially successful as he was, because in his words, Jimmy was “Kind of a plodder”.
c. Was Bob hopeful of his friend’s arrival? How do you know?
et
e t eet t
Yes, Bob was hopeful of his friend’s arrival. He was waiting for him more than half an hour. He was
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
very confident that if Jimmy was alive on earth he would be there at that time to meet him.
assaa d
aasaa
s as
asaa
How did the cop come to understand that Bob had been successful in the West?
et
Paadd P Padd
a
The cop came to understand Bob had been successful in the West. His appearance was rich enough
P
ww.. w
w ..
to show that the cop saw. watch, the lids of it set with small diamonds and his scarfpin was a large
wwww wwww
.N
diamond oddly set.
e. Bob’s life in the West was not a bed of roses. Give Reasons.
Bob’s life in the West was not a bed of roses. He earned lot and became a rich person in the West
ai
by merging his life with criminals. He did many crimes too. He lost his peace of mind and happiness
eet t eet t
as he was taking part in injustice. Once he was a good person in Newyork. Then time and years
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
changed his life finally. He was the wanted criminal in chicago. So his life became a game like “Hide
assaa aa aa
and Seek”.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
f.
aadd
Why didn’t Jimmy Wells; being a cop himself; arrest Bob?
P P P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
Jimmy wells, being a cop himself didn’t arrest Bob because he valued his friendship with Bob so
wwww wwww
much. That he did not have the heart to arrest him. Instead, he sent a detective to meet Bob and
ad
arrest him.
g. Who do you think has been more successful between the two. Give Reasons.
I think, Jimmy has been more successful man. He chose the right path in his life. By his hard work,
t t
.P
ee t ee t
determination he became a police officer. He was respected and admired by all. By helping others,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N he won many hearts.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
5.
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
Answer the following questions in a paragraph of about 150 words each. (Pg. No. 32)
a)
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
Compare and contrast the character of Jimmy Wells and Bob with suitable references
w
w
from the story to support your view
w ww
wwww wwww
Jimmy Wells a policeman is a lifelong resident of New York City who has had a friend from his youth
w
named Bob. He invited him to move to the West where they could seek their fortunes. But Jimmy,
a true city boy did not like to leave his home town as his virtuous friend. Bob travelled West to find
opportunity. It was not legal opportunity. He was the man wanted by Chicago police. As he was a
eet t e t t
loyal friend he waited for his friend in the same place after twenty years. Jimmy has established
e
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
himself as a respected policeman, man of integrity and decency. He also values his friendship with
assaa aa aa
Bob so much that he does not have heart to arrest him. Instead, he sends a detective with a note to
a
meet Bob and arrest him.
dd s
a s ddaass
b)
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
“Means should justify the end.” Explain this adage with reference to O.Henry’s story
ww ww
When ‘Means justify the end’, ethical consideration focuses on what you do not the consequences
wwww wwww
of what you’ve done. In this story, “After Twenty Years” by O Henry. Jimmy goes out to find a job
38
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
despite leaving his friend. Jimmy is doing his ethical consideration of work as he is an honest police
officer. Jimmy has established himself as a respected policeman of integrity and decency. Silky Bob
assaa dd s
a aa
s a
dd s
a aa
s
and Jimmy Wells are both good friends and keep promises. It is pretty remarkable that silky Bob and
a
Jimmy agree to meet each other. Later, but one is a cop and other is a criminal. We know that Jimmy
aa aa
P
.. P P
..P
wells is a man of honour. Jimmy valued being a police officer, but he valued the memory of Bob’s
ww ww
friendship. He had a difficult choice to arrest him. Jimmy can’t bring himself to do it but whatever the
wwww wwww
situation may be, he couldn’t give up the duty. That’s why he gets another cop to do it. Though he is
his best friend Jimmy’s identity was more about being a cop than about being Bob’s friend. Finally the
means of Jimmy’s heart is justified at the end. That he did his job honestly.
c)
et
e t t t
“Tell me who your friends are and I shall tell you who you are” How will you explain this
ee
lalai.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
statement in the light of Jimmy’s and Bob’s friendship.
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
“Tell me who your friends are and I shall tell you who you are” This statement is not applicable to
assaa asaa
s as
asaa
the friendship of Jimmy and Bob. Once they were very close friends and loyal to each other But they
a
et
Paadd P Padd
a
are very different after twenty years of meeting, both are mismatched in their action, movement,
P
ww.. w
w ..
character and attitude. Jimmy has chosen the right way in his life which is filled with honest, loyal and
wwww wwww
.N
justice. Other hand, Bob has chosen the wrong way in his life which is filled with disloyal, dishonest
and injustice. Jimmy wells is the police officer who is admired, respected and honoured by the peo-
ple. But Bob is the criminal who is wanted by Chicago police. Totally they are contrasting each other
ai
So I conclude, “Tell me who your friends are and I shall tell you who you are “, this is not apt in the
e t t
friendship of Jimmy and Bob.
e eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
Paragraph for Toppers (gifted students):
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
Policeman-New York city-friend Bob-inviting him-west-but-not leaving-20years-bob-criminal-wanted
a
as
P Paadd P Paadd
by Chicago police-Jimmy-Valuing friendship-asking another one arresting him-Bob-read letter-cried.
w
w .. ww.. Sep -2020, March - 2020
wwww wwww
ad
ee t Moral ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Introduction: l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a s
a s a s
a s
O.Henry is a popular American short story writer. The story is about two best friends Bob and Jimmy
dd dd
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
who had to part ways. They return to keep an appointment they had made twenty years ago. The
w
w w
two friends parted ways near a restaurant at 10 p.m. on a night. They were raised in New York just
w w
wwww wwww
like two brothers. Bob went to the West, Jimmy stayed in New York. They lost track of each other
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a i .iN
.N
cigar. He moved away from Bob. After sometime a person came to Bob enquiring him if he was Bob.
l a
assaa s aa s aa
Bob was happy to meet Jimmy.
a
dd a s ddaa s
Bob’s recognition:
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
At the corner drug store, in the brilliant light, Bob realized that it was not Jimmy by his nose. Then
ww ww
wwww wwww
the other person gave a letter to Bob, written by Jimmy, he was at the appointed place and noticed
Bob when he lighted the cigar and found that Bob was the most wanted man in Chicago for his
39
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.Ndo the job.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
fraudulent life. He could not arrest him by himself, so he went away and sent a plain clothe man to
.N
assaa aa a s
a aa
s
Moral: Friendship is next to duty
dd aa a
dd s
a aa
s
P
.. P
Paragraph for Average students:
ww ww P
..P
Story
Author
wwww :
:
After twenty years
O. Henry
wwww
Characters : Jimmy Wells and Bob
et
e tTheme :
eet
True Friendship for ever
t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Bob and Jimmy were two friends. They lived in NewYork. Jimmy was twenty years old and Bob was
assaa aa aa
eighteen years old. Bob decided to move to other places to establish his career. But Jimmy stayed
aass as
as
et
in Newyork. They plan to meet at the same place, date and time after twenty years. Bob moved to
P aadd P add
a
the west. After twenty years Bob waited at the same place to meet Jimmy. Jimmy also came to that
P P
ww.. w
w ..
place. Jimmy was a cop. He found out that Bob was the most wanted criminal of Chicago. He did not
wwww wwww
.N
arrest him out of respect for the friendship. Jimmy sent a man with plain clothes to do the job. The
man gave a note to Bob. On reading it Bob was shocked. He came to know that the police man was
his friend, Jimmy.
ai
t t
Paragraph for Slow learners: (Late bloomers)
ee eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Story : al i .iN
.N
After twenty years
l a
l a l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Author :
s aa
s
O. Henry
a a a s
a aa
s
as
aadd
Jimmy wells and Bob were good friends.
P P P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
They made promise to meet again at the same place, time and date after twenty years
wwww wwww
Jimmy became a police officer and Bob became a criminal in Chicago.
ad
e
e t e e t
He sends another police to arrest him out of respect for the friendship.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Bob reads the note from Jimmy.
l a
l ai.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa lasts till the end. aa
w
He was shocked to know that the policeman was Jimmy, his friend.
dda as s a
dd s
a s
P
.. PaaTrue friendship
P
.. Paa
w
w
w ww
wwww ***** ***** ***** wwww
w
***
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
40
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
.iN
.N .iN
.N .iN
.N
Prose
l
assaa
alai
Unit a
dd s
a aa
s l a
l i
a
a
dd s
a aa
s l a
l i
a
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
2
ww ww
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t t The Queen
tt of Boxing
i.iN
.Nee i .
iN. Nee - M.C. Mary Kom i .iN
.N
lala l a
l a l a
l a
assaa aasaa
s aassaa
et
F¤J¢r©ilÆ‹ PPaaduhÂ
d PPadd
a
ww.. ww..
wwww wwww
.N
ghl¢ RU¡f«
ai
nkÇnfh« e« ïªâa eh£il rh®ªj áwªj F¤J¢r©il åuh§fidahth®. 2001« M©oš et«g®
eet t eet t
Kjš or«g® tiu eilbg‰w r®tnjr F¤J¢r©il ngh£oÆš bg©fS¡fhd 48 vilãÇÉš fyªJ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
bfh©L btŸË¥gj¡f« bg‰wt®. mj‹ã‹ j‹ JiwÆš rhâ¡f nt©L« v‹w neh¡f¤âš fod gƉá
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
vL¤J gy bt‰¿fis¡ f©lh®. ïu©L Kiw jh‹ fyªJ bfh©l cyf F¤J¢r©il ngh£oÆš j§f«
a s
a s a s
a
bt‹wh®. ïjdhš ïtU¡F cjÉ fhtš MŒthsuhf muR g tH§f¥g£llJ âUkz« Md ã‹D« s
as
Paadd P Paadd
j‹ rhjidia bjhl®ªJ bfh©L ïU¡»wh®. ïtÇ‹ RarÇijÆš “F¤J¢ r©ilÆ‹ uhÂ- nkÇnfh«”
P
w
w .. w ..
(Queen of Boxing) v‹W F¿¥ãl¥g£LŸsJ. ïªj ghl« ïtÇ‹ thœit KGikahŒ vL¤J¡fh£L»wJ.
w
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ad
ENGLISH jĜ
Soon after the Bangkok championship, I was gh§fh§ ngh£o¤bjhliu mL¤J eh‹ 48 ».» ãÇÉš
selected in the 48kg category for the International r®tnjr F¤J¢r©il fHf¤âš nj®î brŒa¥g£nl‹.
t t
.P
e t
Boxing Association (originally the Association
e e e t bjhl¡f¤âš fHf¤â‹ r®tnjr o gh¡Ì mbk¢N®
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a.iN
.N
Internationale de Boxe Amateur, o the AIBA) World
i
Women's Boxing Championships in Pennsylvania,
l a
l a.iN
.N
mšyJ (AIBA) cyfshÉa bg©fŸ F¤J¢ r©il fHf«
i
bg‹ášntÅah, USA, et«g®-or«g® 2001 Æš eilbg‰wJ.
assaa aa aa
w
eet t e
and seek their help. Two MPs donated Rs. 5,000
et t bfh©L ehlhSk‹w¤âš ïU cW¥ãd®fis rªâ¤J cjÉ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
and Rs. 3,000 respectively and I suddenly had Rs
l a
l a .iN
.N
ehodh‹. ïu©L mik¢r®fS« jyh %.5000 k‰W« %
i
3000 mˤjd®. Mfbkh¤j« v‹Ål« %10,000 ïUªjJ.
assaa aa aa
10,000 in my hands. With this princely sum, and
a s
a s
a little more that had been collected from people,
dd a ss
ï¤bjhif nghJkhd gz« v‹W USA br‹nw‹. gz«
dd a
P
..Paa
I left for the US. I was relieved to have money in
P
.. Paa
ïU¥gJ vd¡F MWjš mˤJ k¡fŸ vd¡fhf vL¤j
Ka‰áahš eh‹ btW« ifnahL m§»UªJ âU«ã tu
w
my pocket, and knew that I could not come back
w ww
wwww
empty-handed after all the efforts that people had
made on my behalf. wwwwïayhJ.
41
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
Pennsylvania was cold and beautiful. It was
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
FËU« mHF« bghUªâa efu« bg‹ášntÅah. gÅ
snowing. We were confined to the sports arena, bghʪJ bfh©oUªjJ. eh§fŸ Éisah£L mu§f¤âDŸ
assaa aa a s
a aa
s
aa a s
a aa
s
but what little I saw was pleasing to the eye. The (arena) mDkâ¡f¥g£nlh«. mJ v§fŸ f©fS¡F FSik
dd dd
people were enormously nice too. It was the first mˤjJ. k¡fŸ ngu‹òl‹ gH»d®. ïJnt v‹ thœÉ‹
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
time in my life that I had travelled so far. I was Ú©l öu gaz«. ehD« mbkÇ¡fhit gh®¤J¡bfh©nl
wwww wwww
looking forward to seeing what America was all tªnj‹. Mdhš v§fŸ FG filáahf tªjjhš neuoahf
about. But since we were the last team to arrive, Ékhd Ãiya¤âÈUªJ Éisah£L âlY¡F bršy
we went straight to the sporting arena from the nt©oÆUªjJ. k‰w m åu®fŸ V‰fdnt mt®fsJ
airport. The other teams had already completed vilia rÇgh®¤jÉ£lh®fŸ. mJ mid¤J åu®fS¡F«
et
e t eet t
their weight in, which is compulsory for all players. f£lhakhF«. vd¡F nrh®thfî« fis¥ghfî« (jet-lag)
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
I was tired and suffering from jet lag. It had been ïUªjJ. eh‹ òw¥gL« nghJ fhiy ntiyahf ïUªjJ.
assaa aa aa
morning when I left, and here it was morning again. ï¥nghJ fhiy ntiyahf cŸsJ. vil rÇgh®¤j ãwF
aass as
as
et
PPaadd P Padd
After weighing in, I found out that I did not have vd¡F ï‹W ngh£ofŸ ïšiy vd bjÇatªjJ. Mdhš
a
any match that day. I was fortunate, but some of k‰w mÂfSl‹ ïU¥gt®fS¡F mâ®Zl« ïšyhkš
ww.. w
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the team-mates were not so lucky. I was able to ïUªjJ. vdJ vâuhËia R‰WfËš rªâ¡f vd¡F ešy
wwww wwww
.N
rest well enough to face my opponent in the round, XŒî »il¤jJ, nkY« btšnt‹ v‹w e«ã¡if ïUªjJ.
which I won comfortably. My fear of facing new òJ vâuhËia rªâ¡f ngh»nwh« v‹w ga« munt xʪjJ.
ai
opponents quickly vanished. I competed in the 48 ïªj nr«ãa‹Î¥ ngh£oÆš 48»nyh vil¥ ãÇÉš
kg in this championship. While team-mates lost one ngh£oÆ£nl‹. vdJ mÂÆš cŸst®fŸ x‹w‹ ã‹
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN al l a
l i
a .iN l a i
a .iN
after the other, I went on to reach the finals. I was x‹whf njhšÉia rªâ¤jd®. Mdhš eh‹ ïW⢠R‰¿‰F
.N .N .N
even hopeful of winning the gold. The boxers were K‹nd¿nd‹. j§f« btšnt‹ vd e«ã¡if tªjJ. eh‹
l
assaa ssaaïªj ïl« k‰W« elªj ÃfœîfŸ v‹ thœ¡ifÆš
not unbeatable as I had earlier thought.
aa aassaa
Ãid¤jJ nghš åu®fŸ vËâš btšy¡Toat®fŸ mšy.
as
aadd kh‰w¤ij c©lh¡F« vd cz®ªnj‹.PP
I felt like this would be the place, the event
P P a advtiuí«
d
w
w ..
that would change my life. I kept telling myself, “I
ww . . v‹W vd¡FŸ
eh‹
wwww
can face anyone in the ring.” In the quarter–final, I
fh£áau§»š vâU¡F
wwwwfhš ïWâ¢R‰¿š
vâuhf rªâ¥ng‹,
ad
e t ee t
getting hurt badly), and in the semi-final, I defeated
e tÈika‰W nghdhš tÈikahdtiu eLt® ngh£oÆ‹¿
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Jamie Behal of Canada by 21-9. I reached the finals,
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
bt‰¿ bg‰wtuhf m¿É¡fyh«). miw ïWâÆš
assaa aa aa
but lost to Hula Sahin of Turkey by 13-5. fdlhÉ‹#Ä ngfiy 21-9 òŸË¡fz¡»š 圤â ïWâ¢
w
a
dd s
a s a s
a s
R‰¿‰F K‹nd¿nd‹. Mdhš JU»Æ‹ Fyhrh»‹l«
dd
P
.. Paa P aa
13-5 v‹w òŸË É»j¤âš njhšÉí‰nw‹.
.. P
w
w
w
The greatest disadvantage for me was my
ww Äfî« ghjfkhf mikªjJ v‹dbt‹whš v‹
wwww
loss of appetite. I was not accustomed to the food
wwww gáÆ‹ik. m§F cŸs czit rh¥ãl eh‹ gH¡f¥gL¤â¡
w
there. Try as I might, I could not eat the food and I bfhŸsÉšiy. eh‹ Ka‰á¤jhY« v‹dhš czî rh¥ãl
started to lose weight. So much so that just before KoaÉšiy. vdJ vil¡ FiwªjJ. ïW⢠R‰W¡F K‹ò
the finals I was only 46 kg. This is probably what eh‹ 46 »nyhthf FiwªJ É£nl‹. j§f¥ gj¡f« btšy
eet t ee
cost me my dream of winning gold and I was veryt t nt©L« v‹w fdit áij¤JÉ£lJ. eh‹ v‹ miw¡F¢
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a i.iN
.N
disappointed. I went to my room and cried. But the
l l a l a
l i
a .iN
.N
br‹W mGnj‹. gƉáahs®fŸ fÅthf v‹id nj‰¿
assaa s aa
s ssaa
coaches were kind; they consoled me and lauded c‰rhf¥gL¤â btŸË klš bgw¢ brŒjd®. mÂÆš eh‹
a
dd a
me on the silver win. I was the only one in the team
aa ddaa
k£Lnk gj¡f« bg‰¿Uªnj‹. ïªj bjhl® ngh£oÆÈUªJ,
aa
P
..P
to get a medal. But the biggest thing I took away
ww ww P
.. P
eh‹ vªj F¤J¢r©il åuiuí« vâ® bfhŸs Koí« v‹w
wwww wwww
from this championship was the conviction that I Koî¡F tªnj‹.
could take on any boxer.
42
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ww
www.Padasalai.Net
ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
In the course of my career, I have become
i
used to travel and to the different ways that things
l a
l a .iN
.N
thœ¡if¥ gaz§fËš eh‹ gyÉjkhd ehLfŸ k‰W«
i
ïl§fS¡F¢ br‹¿U¡»nw‹. xU ehŸ ÓdhÉš v§fS¡F
assaa dd s
a aa
s
work in other countries. One time, in China, we
a
were given chopsticks to eat our meals with. Just
aa aa a s
a aa
s
rh¥ãl ga‹gL¤J« F¢á czit rh¥ãl bfhL¡f¥g£lJ.
dd
eh‹ m¥nghJ jh‹ f¤â k‰W« KŸfu©o ifahY«
P
.. P
when I had painfully begun to master the art of
ww
using a knife and fork, I had to use two sticks to
w P
..P
fiyia¡ f‰¿Uªnj‹. ïU F¢áfis ga‹gL¤â v‹
w
wwww
fill my stomach. I ended up using both my hands
to hold the chopstick to pick up the food and push wwww tƉiw Ãiw¡f nt©L«. filáÆš ïU iffshš F¢áia
it¤J czit vL¤J thÆ¡FŸ âŤnj‹. v‹ mÂÆd®
°óid¡ nf£lh®fŸ. Mdhš eh‹ F¢áia it¤J
it into my mouth. My teammates asked for spoons
but I tried to manage with the sticks. It helped that rkhˤJ rh¥ã£nl‹. Ód czÉ‹ ÛJ M®t« ïUªjhš
et
e t
I really enjoy Chinese food. I was hungry enough
eet t mJ Äfî« cjÉaJ. v‹ gáiaí« kdijí« âU¥âgL¤j
lalai.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
that I managed the complex work required – I ate
i
enough to sate my appetite and my palate. After
l a
l a .iN
.N
eh‹ nghJkhd msî c©nl‹. IªJ M©LfŸ gaz¤â‹
i
ã‹ò áy gj¥gL¤j¥g£l czîfis å£oš brŒJ vL¤J¢
assaa saa
s ssaa
five years of travelling, I started taking along some
aa a a
bršy¤ bjhl§»nd‹.
et
packed food from home.
.N
greeted with garlands and drumbeats and dancing.
ww
jhs§fŸ, M£l§fŸ vd c‰rhfkhf
There was a victory ride across town, a felicitation
bt‰¿ C®ty«, tunt‰ò ciu, M»ait y§nfhš muR
programme was held in Langol, an area that houses
ai
the government quarters. Thanksgiving prayers
FoÆU¥ò gFâÆš elªjJ. ghuh£LfS«, e‹¿fS« v‹ ÛJ
öt¥g£ld. fyh¢rhu bgh‹dhil Oja Ibomcha v‹gtuhš
eet t
were said and words of praise and adulation were
eet t vd¡F mÂÉ¡f¥g£lJ. m‹W eh‹ y§nfhš k¡fËl«
l a
l i
a .iN al a i
a .iN
showered on me. I was presented with a traditional
.N .N
shawl. Oja Ibomcha was also present and was duly
l l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
vâ®fhy¤âš eh‹ f©o¥ghf j§f« btšnt‹ v‹W
assaa s aa s aa
felicitated. When I spoke to the people in Langol
a a s T¿nd‹.
aa s
as
in future tournaments.
P Paadd
that day, I spoke of my hope that I would win gold
P Paadd
w
w ..
That first international medal, a silver, will
w w.
Kjš r®tnjr btŸË¥gj¡f« vd¡F .
gy c©ikfis
wwww òÇait¤jJ. F¤J¢ r©ilfŸw
always mean a lot to me. The fight and all that w
wwk‰W« mij bjhl®ªJ gy
ad
ee t
bring back a gold. I knew I was good enough.
ee t mJ v‹dhš Koí« v‹W vd¡F¤ bjÇí«.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
The silver in Pennsylvania and the prize
money from the government had put an end to my
bg‹ášntÅahÉš
l a
l i
a.iN
.N btŸË¥gj¡fK« bg‰w
assaa aa aa
gÇRbjhifí« v‹Dila m¥nghija Ãânjitia ó®¤â
w
dd s
a s
immediate financial worries. But I wanted a job too,
a a s
a s
brŒjJ. Ãuªju tUkhd¤â‰F« Ú©l fhy ghJfh¥ã‰F«
dd
P
.. Pa
for that alone can bring long-term security and a
a P
.. Paa
vd¡F xU ntiy njit¥g£lJ. mnj rka« vd¡F
w
Championship gold, the Manipur government offered kÅ¥ó® muR vd¡F r¥-ï‹°bg¡l® (cjÉ MŒths®)
me the post of Sub-Inspector, which I accepted in gjÉia 2005 M« M©L tH§»aJ. vdJ bgÇa fdî
2005. I had long dreamt of getting a government ï›ntisÆ‹ _y« Ãt®¤âahdJ. Kjš ntisÆš
eet t
job through the sports quota, and it was finally
eet t %15,000 r«ghâ¤nj‹. °ngh®£° nfh£lh _y« bgW«
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal a.iN
.N
fulfilled. I earned a salary of Rs. 15,000 in that first
i
job. The thing about jobs that are obtained through
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
ntiyfS¡F rf CÊa® nghy eh« rÇahf bršy ïayhJ.
assaa aa aa
mYtyf¤âš cjÉ njit¥gL« neu« k£L« bršnt‹.
dd s
a s
the sports quota is that we are not required to go in
a
to work as regularly as our colleagues because we aass
bgU«ghY« eh‹ ÉLKiw vL¡f nt©L«.
dd
P
..Paa
tend to be away at camps and tournaments through
P
.. Paa
ww
much of the year. I go to office when necessary. And
ww
wwww wwww
every time I need to go out of station, I am required
to take leave and inform the department.
43
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
wwww wwww
ww
www.Padasalai.Net
ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
My medal haul continued after my marriage,
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
vdJ âUkz¤â‰F ãwF« gj¡f« Ãiwa bt‹nw‹.
putting an end to speculation among my family FL«gK«, e©g®fS« ïij¥g‰¿ ngrhj msɉF
assaa a dd s
a aa
s
a a
dd s
a aa
s
and friends around that particular topic. I retained K‰W¥òŸË it¤nj‹. 2005 M« M©L uZahÉš cŸs
a
the world title in the Third World Women’s Boxing Podolsk š cyf Kj‹ik ÃiyÆš bt‹nw‹. cyfshÉa
a a
w P
.. P ww P
..P
Championships at Podolsk in Russia, in 2005. Sarita, bg©fŸ ngh£o¤bjhlÇš rÇjh bt©fy« bt‹whŸ.
w
wwww wwww
who had won the bronze, and I were given a hero’s
v‹id xU hero-it¥nghš tunt‰wd®. Bhagyachandra
welcome at the Imphal airport. We were taken to
the Bhagyachandra Open Air Theatre, where a
âwªj btË âiuau§»š v§fS¡F tunt‰ò elªjJ.
grand reception was organised.
I’d had a good run from 2001 to 2004. 2001 Kjš 2004 tiu eh‹ mâf òŸËfŸ vL¤nj‹.
et
e t eet t
I won several golds: all the Senior Women’s Ãiwa j§f¥gj¡f§fŸ bg©fŸ F¤J¢r©il bjhlÇY«,
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Boxing Championships; the 2nd Women’s Boxing 2tJ bg©fŸ F¤J¢r©il ãÇî 2002, 2 tJ Máa
assaa aa aa
Championships, 2002; the 2nd Asian Women’s F¤J¢r©il ãÇÉš ïrh® 2003š rh«ãa‹á¥, 2013š
aass as
as
Boxing Championships at Hisar in 2003; and the ÏrhÇÆš eilbg‰w ngh£oÆY« rh«ãa‹ ᥠbg‰nw‹.
et
aadd
Witch Cup Boxing Championships at Paes, Hungary.
PP P Padd
a
w ..
In spite of this, when I got married, everybody was
w w
w ..
vdJ âUkz¤â‰F¥ ãwF eh‹ bg‰w gj¡f§fis
gh®¤J midtU« âif¤jd®. m¡nlhg® 2005 et«g®
wwww wwww
.N
doubtful that my medal hauls would continue. But
after the wedding, I participated in and won a gold
2006 š eilbg‰w 3-tJ, 4-tJ cyf bg©fŸ ãÇÉš
in the Third and Fourth World Women’s Boxing âUkz¤â‰F¥ ãwF bt‹nw‹.
ai
Championships in October 2005 and November
2006.
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a i
a .iN
There were a number of other international
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
Vietnam,Denmark,Taiwan ngh‹w ehLfËš gy r®tnjr
level championships, in Taiwan, Vietnam, Denmark bjhl®fŸ eilbg‰wd. 2006-š 4 tJ cyf bjhlÇš
l l
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
and so on. But it was retaining my world title in nuhkhÅahÉ‹ Stelata Duta it blšÈÆš bt‹nw‹. mJ
a a a a
as
P Paadd P Paadd
2006 by defeating Steluta Duta of Romania 22-7 v‹Dila bgÇa bt‰¿ vd fUJnt‹. ïJ vd¡F kw¡f
at the Fourth World Championships in New Delhi Koahj x‹W. Vbd‹whš eh‹ v‹ å£oš (eh£oš) bt‰¿
w
w ..
that I consider one of my greatest achievements. It
ww..
wwww wwww
bgw KoªjJ. ïªâah 4 j§f« xU btŸË k‰W« 3 bt©fy
is probably the most memorable for me because I
ad
ee t ee t
won the overall title. With this hat-trick of World
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a.iN
.N
Championship wins, the media christened me
i
‘Queen of Boxing’ and ‘Magnificent Mary’.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd ass a
dd s
a s
P Paa
. . MáÇa®F¿¥ò P
.. Paa
w
w
w
wwnfh« IªJ Kiw F¤J¢r©il nr«ãa‹Î¥ww ww w w
wwnkÇ
kh§nl R§nd#§ g£l¤ij
w
44
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ww
www.Padasalai.Net
ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
. N
GLOSSARY
l a
l i
a .iN
. N
assaa a dd
a aassaa
TEXTUAL
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
S.No Words
..PP
Tamil Meaning
ww
Synonyms
ww P
..P Antonyms
1.
2.
Princely
jet lag
wwww
Ml«gukhd
gaz¡ fis¥ò
Very large
w
w ww
a tired and unpleasant feeling
Poky/mean
refresh
et
6. Sate
P P
âU¥âailjša dd
a Satisfy
P Padd
a dissatisfy
w w .. w
w ..
wwww ww
.N
7. palate Rit sense of taste aversion/distaste
8. felicitation thœ¤J
w
w
congratulatory address (event) sarcasm/condolence
ai
9. adulation ghuh£Ljš Appreciation complaint,blame
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
10. etched bgh¿¡f¥g£l
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
imprinted
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Neglect
assaa aa aa
11. speculation C»¤jš guess Reality
a s
a s a s
a s
as
12. Haul âu£Ljš
P Paadd taking a collection
P Paadd diminish/deplete
w w.. ww..
wwww wwww
ad
ADDITIONAL TEXTUAL
S.No Words Tamil Meaning Synonyms Antonyms
1. replete Ãu¥g¥g£l Filled empty
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
2.
.N Pursuit x‹iw ã‹ bjhl®ªJ
l a
l i
a.iN. N Chase
l a
l i. N.N
Retreat
a i
assaa aa aa
w
ww ww
wwww wwww
5. Enormously Äf¥bgÇa Extremely,greatly Little/small
w
l a
l i
a .iN
9..N Complex á¡fšthŒªj
lal i
a.iN
.N Complicate,intricate
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Simple
45
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
ANTONYMS
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a dd
a assaa
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Now, find and write the antonyms for the words in Box A from the set of words in Box B.
a
Ans:
ww ..PP ww P
..P
amateur
A
wwww Answers
professional
w
w ww
professional leader
B
eccentric
eet t
traditional modern eet t unnecessary supportive ancillary
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N hateful l a
l i
a .iN
.N
desperate trivial
s
a a
sa expensive cheap
aasaa
s as
asaa
et
hopeful desperate
PPaadd modern
P Padd
a fanciful repulsive
accepted ww ..
refused w
w ..
fulfilled refused showered
wwww wwww
.N
invaluable novice optional
complex antique determined
ai
eet t eet t
2. Based on your reading of the text, answer the following questions in two to three
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
sentences each. (Pg. No. 38)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
a. How did Mary Kom manage to get financial support for her trip to the USA? June 2019
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P Paadd (or)
P Paadd
w .. ww..
How did Onler help Mary Kom in sending her to USA? March 2020
w
Mary Kom managed to get financial support for her trip with the help of her friend O nler.
wwww wwww
ad
T wo MP's donated her a princely sum of Rs 5,000/- and 3,000/- a few amount were collected
from the people. Mary Kom’s dad gave her Rs 2,000/-. Onler helped her in sending her to the
USA
b. Why did Mary Kom think that she should not return empty-handed? March 2019
t t
.P
ee t ee t
Mary Kom thought that she should not return empty-handed as the money which the people donated
l a
l i
a .iN
.N for her, must not go waste.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
w
w
What ever she saw was pleasing to her eye.
ww
d.
wwww
Why did she call herself lucky?
wwww
w
She did not have any match on the day of her arrival.
So she called herself lucky. She was able to take enough rest to face her opponent in the round.
e. According to Mary Kom, what was the reason for her losing in the finals?
eet t eet t
The main reason for her losing in the finals was her loss of appetite.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
She was not accustomed to the food there and naturally she started losing her weight.
assaa aa aa
f. What made her feel confident about the competitive players? Explain.
a s
a s aass
She was the only one to win a silver medal in the competition, inspite of her weight loss.
dd dd
g. ..Paa P
.. Paa
This made her feel confident about the competitive players.
P
What difficulty did she experience while eating Chinese food?
ww ww
wwww wwww
She was given two chopsticks to eat her Chinese meals managing with the sticks to eat was the
difficulty she faced.
46
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
h.
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
How was she felicitated on her return to India? HY - 2018 Aug - 2022 March 2023
assaa aa aa
She received a warm welcome and was greeted with garlands, drumbeats and dancing in the
Delhi airport.
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
..
held in Langol. Paa P
..Paa
There were victory ride, thanks giving prayers and words of praise and felicitation programme
P
ww ww
i.
wwww wwww
What did she consider her greatest achievement? Why? HY - 2019 May 2022
Defeating Steluta Duta of Romania at the fourth world championships in New Delhi was one of
her greatest achievements.
She gained that victory at her home that is India.
et t e t t
What made Mary kom feel that she was fortunate, soon after she reached the arena at
e e
lalai.iN
.N Pennsylvania? Qy 2019
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
W hen Mary Kom reached Pennsylvania, she wast tired, she did not have any match that day
aas s aass
she was able to take rest to face her opponent in the round, which she won comfortably.
et
aadd
So she was fortunate.
P P P Pa dd
a
ww. .questions in a paragraph of about 100-150
3. Answer the following ww . . each.
words
wwww wwww
.N
1. Describe Mary Kom’s personal experiences during her first International Championship
match from the time of selection to winning the medal.
ai
Mary Kom was selected for the World’s Women Boxing Championship in USA in the 48kg category.
She was much worried because she did not have enough money for the trip. Her father managed to
eet t eet t
give her only a small amount. It was with the help of her friend Onler, she received a princely sum as
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
donation from two MP’s and a few more from the people. She left for US with the thought that she
assaa aa aa
could not come back empty handed for the efforts of her people must not go waste. When she entered
a s
a s a s
a s
Pennsylvania, she admired the beauty of it. She suffered from jet lag just because she travelled a
as
Paadd P Paadd
long distance. Compared to her team mates she was lucky because she was able to take enough rest
P
w
w .. w ..
before she faced her opponent in each round. This made her won the match. She successfully entered
w
wwww wwww
the finals. To her bad luck she lost her weight to 46 kg before her finals. It happened because of her
ad
loss of appetite, she lost her gold and won only silver medal. These were her personal experiences
during her first match.
2. ack of adequate financial resources and sponsorships often affect sportspersons. How
L
t t
.P
ee t
is this evident from Mary Kom’s life?
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
It is a true fact that many talented sports personalities are not able to shine on time just because of their
poor financial resources. In this story we come to know that though Mary Kom got selected in World
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
Women’s Boxing championship in Pennsylvania, she found it very difficult to move there just because
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of her poor financial background. It was her friend Onler, a few students and elders who helped her in
a a
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receiving donation from two MPs and a few people. This incident make us think of the fact that whenever
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some talented sports personalities got selected for national or international level competition, it is the
duty of the government to gather information about their personal and financial background. If they find
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any setbacks based on the sports person’s financial background immediately, they must arrange for some
financial resources and sponsorships. Only then a country can bring out the innate talent of many sports
personalities. If Mary Kom was rendered such type of helping hands in the beginning of her career it
eet t eet t
was a sure fact that she might have brought laurels to her country even earlier.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
3. Why was Mary Kom named the ‘Queen of Boxing’ and ‘Magnificent Mary?’GMQ, QY 2018
l
assaa
a
dd s
a aa
s ddaassaa
June 2019, HY 2019, Sep 2020, May 2022
Mary Kom had a good run from 2001 to 2004. She won several golds. Even after her wedding
aa aa
P
..P P
.. P
she participated in boxing and won a gold medal in the Third and Fourth World Women’s Boxing
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championships in October 2005 and November 2006. She also won a number of other international
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level championships in Taiwan, Vietnam and Denmark. Her greatest achievement was defeating
47
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
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Steluta Duta of Romania at the Fourth World championships in New Delhi. It was the most memorable
moment for her just because she had that victory in her home country. The other Indian boxers also
assaa a s aa
s a s aa
s
performed exceptionally well. India won four golds, one silver and three bronzes. To crown it all India
aadd a aadd a
won the overall title too. Thus Mary Kom had a hat-trick victory of World championship. Naturally the
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.. P ww P
..P
media christened her ‘Queen of Boxing’ and ‘Magnificent Mary’.
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Paragraph for Toppers (gifted students):
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Plan of the paragraph:
Introduction
et
e t Boxing Champion
eet t
lalai.iN
.N The mark of a champion
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
The queen of boxing
Conclusion
aass as
as
et
PPaadd P Padd
a
w.. w
w ..
Introduction: The autobiography of M.C. Mary Kom, an Indian woman boxer is an inspiring story of
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an amazing woman. She was selected for the world women's boxing championship in Pennsylvania,
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USA in 2001. For financial support she approached politicians with the help of her friend Onler. She
had returned with the silver medal.
Boxing Champion: Mary Kom identified the cause and accustomed to the new food habits. The
ai
maiden victory at the international put an end to her financial worries. The second world championship
eet t eet t
gold fetched her government job. Speculations grew when she announced her marriage. Her medal
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
haul continued after that. She retained the world title in the 3rd world women's boxing championships.
assaa aa aa
The mark of a champion: She won gold in the Asian Women's Boxing Championships. From 2001
a s
a s
to 2004 nothing could stop her from snatching the gold.
a s
a s
as
Paadd P Paadd
The Queen of Boxing: According to her, retaining the world title in the 4th world championship in
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New Delhi in 2006 was one of her greatest achievements. With this hat-trick World Championship,
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the media christened her 'Queen of Boxing" and 'Magnificent Mary'.
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Conclusion: For every Indian woman sports person, life becomes a struggle to follow her dream,
to assert her rights and to make ends meet. Her personal experiences have become a source of
inspiration for young India to rise against the odds.
t t
.P
ee t ee t
Failure teaches a valuable lesson
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Paragraph for Average students:
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
Why was Mary Kom named the ‘Queen of Boxing’ and ‘Magnificent Mary’?
Prose
P
.. Paa
The Queen of Boxing
P
.. Paa
w
Author
w
w Mary Kom
ww
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Characters Mary Kom
wwww
w
eet e et
championship in Pennsylvania, USA in 2001. She got financial support by her friend Onler. Two MP’s
t t
donated a sum of Rs.5000 and Rs.3000/- and a few amount from the people. Mary Kom thought she
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
should not return empty-handed. Because the money which the people donated for her, must not go
assaa s aa s aa
waste. She was not happy because she wanted to get gold medal. The second world championship
ddaa s ddaa s
gold brought her government job. From 2004 to 2006 she won the world championship. She won
PP a a P Paa
the 4th world championship in New Delhi in 2006 which was one of her greatest achievements. She
.. ..
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became successful due to her hard work. She was called ‘The Queen of Boxing’, and ‘Magnificent
Mary’.
wwwwMoral: Champions are not born, they are made
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48
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
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Paragraph for Slow learners: (Late bloomers)
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Why was Mary kom named the “Queen of Boxing” and “magnificent Mary?”
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
Prose
Author .. Pa
The Queen of Boxing
P a
Mary Kom P
..Paa
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Characters
Theme
wwww Mary Kom
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Failure teaches a valuable lesson
Mary kom is an Indian Woman Boxer.
She received silver medal in the World’s Women Boxing Championship in 2001.
et
e t e et t
lalai.iN
.N
l a
l a .iN
.N
The second World Championship gold brought her government Job. l a
l a .iN
But she was not happy about the silver medal because she wanted gold medal.
i i .N
assaa aa aa
aas s as
as
et
She won the World Championship from 2004 to 2006.
PP a add
She won the 4th World Championship in New Delhi in 2006.
P Padd
a
w
w .. w
w ..
wwwwMoral: Champions are not born, they are made
wwww
M
ary Kom became successful due to her hard work. She was called The ‘Queen of Boxing’ and
.N
“Magnificent Mary”
ai
VOCABULARY
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
A. Abbreviations:
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Write the expanded forms of the following abbreviations we commonly come across in our
daily life. (Pg.No. 39) a s
a s a s
a s
as
P Paadd P Paadd
S.No
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ABBREVIATION
ww.. EXPANSION
1
wwww
IELTS
wwww
International English Language Testing System
ad
ee
5 t ISD
ee t
International Subscriber Dialling
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 6 MBA
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Master Of Business Administration
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
7
8
MHRD
GPS a
dd s
a s Global Positioning System a
dd s
Ministry Of Human Resource Development
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
eet
14
t MRI
t t
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 15 ECG
lal i
a.iN
.N
Electro Cardio Gram
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
16 NCC National Cadet Corps
17 LED a
dd s
a s Light Emitting Diode
ddaass
18 CPU
P
..Paa P
Central Processing Unit
.. Paa
19 CBSE ww ww
Central Board Of Secondary Education
20
wwww
GDP
wwww
Gross Domestic Product
49
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N 21 LCD
l a
l a .iN
.N
Liquid Crystal Display
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
22 NRI Non Resident Indian
23 IIT a
dd s
a s a
Indian Institute Of Technology
dd s
a s
24 ITI
P
.. Paa P aa
Industrial Training Institute
..P
25 USB ww Universal Serial Bus ww
26
27
wwww
AIBA
RSC
wwww
Association Internationale de Boxe-Amateur
Referee Stopped Contest
28 USA United States of America
et
e eet
B. Note the underlined words in the sentences below. They are antonyms formed by adding
t t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
Prefixes ‘un’ and ‘dis’ to the base words. (T.B.P.No:39)
.N
The boxers were not unbeatable as I had earlier thought.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
a ss
The greatest disadvantage for me was my loss of appetite.
a as
as
et
aadd add
a
Now form the opposites of the words given below by Prefixing ‘un’, ‘in’, ‘dis’, ‘ir’, ‘il’
PP P P
appropriately.
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w ..
wwww wwww
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-fortunate, -respect, -rational, -direct, -comfortable, -regular, -active, -agree, -obedient, -continue,
-decent, -legitimate, -relevant, -aware, -finite, -necessary
ai
Answer:
eet t
1. Fortunate – unfortunate
eet t 10. continue – discontinue
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 2.
3. al
respect – dis respect
l
rational – irrational a
l i
a .iN
.N 11.
l a
l a .iN
.N
decent – indecent
i
assaa aa aa
12. legitimate – illegitimate
4.
a s
a
direct – indirect s a s
a s
as
13. relevant - irrelevant
5.
aadd
comfortable – un/discomfortable
P P P Pa
14.addaware – unaware
6.
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regular – irregular
w ww..15.
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finite – infinite
7. active – inactive
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t t
.P
ee t
C. Idioms related to sports. (Pg.No. 40) ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
The world of sports has given us many idiomatic expressions like ‘blow-by-blow’. Read the description
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
of each of the idioms given below. Then match these idioms with their meaning given in the box.
a s
i) Throw in the towel : Wet towels are kept near a boxing ring to wipe the sweat of boxers between
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
rounds. When a boxer was getting badly beaten, his manager would throw a towel in the ring to end
w
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the fight. (to give up) ww
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ii) In our corner: In a boxing match, the corners are the two opposite angles of a boxing ring where
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the boxers rest between rounds. (on your side in an argument or dispute)
iii) On the ropes: Boxing rings are typically enclosed by four ropes. As a boxer when your, opponent
has forced you against the ropes with his/her attack, you are in trouble. (a state of near collapse or
eet t
defeat) eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
iv) Below the belt : Hits below the beltline are generally considered illegal in boxing. (unfair or
assaa s aa
s ssaa
unsporting behaviour)
a a
dd a addaa
v) Square off: facing each other at the beginning of a match. (prepare for a conflict)
a a
Meaning
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..P ww P
.. P
wwww
a. State a near collapse or defeat
b. Unfair or unsporting behaviour wwww -
-
on the ropes
below the belt
50
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
c.
d..N Prepare for a conflict
l a
l
On your side in an argument or dispute i
a .iN
.N -
-
square off
l a
l i
a .iN
in our corner.N
assaa e. To give up
a
Listening Activity (TB P.No. : 40)a a
dd s
a aa
s -
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
throw in the towel
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
Read the questions based on the running commentary of a cricket match. Then, listen to the running commentary
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of the match read out by your teacher or played on the recorder and tick the right answers.
1. Who faced the first ball in the 49th over?
a) Kulasekara b) Yuvraj c) Dhoni d) Sachin
et
e t
2. Which batsman hit a sixer?
eet t
lalai.iN
.Na) Kulaeskara b) Bajji
l a
l i
a .iN
.N c) Dhoni
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
d) Yuvraj
et
a) Chennai b) Delhi
PPaadd P Padd
c) Calcutta
a d) Mumbai
w ..
4. Who were popularly called ‘The Finishers?
w w
w ..
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.N
a) Dhoni and Yuvaraj b) Bajji and Malinga
c) Gambhir and Yuvaraj d) Perara and Malinga
4. How many runs did India need to win the match in the last four overs?
ai
a) 21 b) 27 c) 30 d) 37
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
READING
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Encoding and Decoding. (Pg.No. 41)
a s
a aa
s ii)
a s
a aa
s
Choose the correct option (Pg. No. 42)
as
P aadd
i) Represent the other paragraph in a visual
P 1)
P Paadd
A contact sport usually involves a
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form of your choice (flow chart, mind- ww.. _______ contact between players.
wwww wwww a) violent b) gentle
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t t
.P
_______
ee t Eastern India
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N ↓
l a
l
↓ i
a.iN
.N
Kerala, Telungana
l a i
a.iN
a) seven teams of two players
.N
b) two teams of seven players
l
assaa aa aa
Hu-Do-Do
w
a
dd s
a s
Kabbadi
a
dd s
a s
c) four teams of seven players
Maldivers
P
.. Paa Bangladesh 3)
P
.. PaaA single _______.
w
↓
w
w ↓
ww a) Player on offence is referred to as a
Bhavatik
wwww Hadudu
wwww raider
w
eet t
Chadugudu
Punjab t t
Western
ee
iii) Answer the following
l a
l i
a .iN
.N South India
↓
Region
↓
lal i
a.iN
.N India
team?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
1. How does a raider score points for his
assaa s aa
s ssaa
Kauddi (or)
Chadukudu
aa a
dd a
Kabbadi
add
a a
Points are scored for each player by tagging the
a
opponent players.
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
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51
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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lalai .iN
2.
.N opponent team?
l a
l i
a .iN
When does a raider concede a point to the
.N l a i
a .iN
studies next year.
l .N
assaa earns a point.
aadd s
a aa
s
When the opposing team stops the raider it
a aa a
dd s
a aa
s
17. It's not that urgent. You can/may take your
own time.
3.
ww P
.. P
Can a player be revived when he / she is
w P
..P
18. There is a lot of time left, so you need not
w
wwww
out of the game? Explain your answer?
wwww
He can be revived for each point scored by this
panic.
19. May I turn on the fan, please?
team from a tag or tackle. 20. I can not believe my eyes. Is Santhosh the one
4. Kabbadi is called by different names in who is standing over there?
et
e t
different parts of India. Do you know eet t 21. Dinesh must be the richest person in the
lalai.iN
.N a i .iN
.N
how pallankuzhi is called in karnataka,
l l a l a i .iN
.N
village. He has just bought two luxury cars.
l a
assaa saa s aa
Andhra pradesh and kerala?
aa s aas
22. Nirmala used to write perfectly when she was
et
Karnataka -
PP add
Aligulimane
a P Padd
seven.
a
Andhra Pradesh -
Kerala ww
-.. Vamana Guntalu
Kuzhipara w
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B. Practice your modal verbs. Look at
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these signs and write down the rules,
Grammar - Modal Auxiliaries (Pg. No. 42, 43) regulations or advice they convey using
A. Fill in the blanks with suitable modal the modal verbs given below. (Pg.No. 44)
ai
verbs.
can - could - may - might – must - ought to –
eet t e
1. We are not completely sure but Kishore may /
et t shall - should - will - would
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
would come back tomorrow.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
2. When Koushik was a child, he used to play in
a s
a s a s
a s
as
the street.
P Paadd P Paadd
3.
w
w ..
Could I have same more juice, please?
ww..
wwww wwww
4. We need not paint this room now.
ad
ee t
emergency.
ee t 1. Chemical goggles must be worn in this area
l a
l i
a .iN
7..N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
In schools, students must wear uniforms. It is 2.
l a
l a.iN
.N
You should buckle up for your safety.
i
assaa aa aa
compulsory. 3. Trespassers will be prosecuted.
w
8. a
dd s
a s
The voyagers did not dare to drop anchor at 4. a
dd s
a s
Passersby must be careful in this site as it
P
..
the unknown island.
Paa P
.. aa
has potentially dangerous falling material.
P
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w
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5. You may use the "?Right to know"
wwww wwww
9. Thou shall love your neighbour.
information at this office.
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
12. You can never retain me against my wishes.
l a
l a .iN
.N
9. This way must be used for exit.
i
10. The floor is slippery. You should walk
assaa aa aa
13. Being a Monday, the shops will/ may not be
crowded today. a
dd s
a s ddaass
carefully only.
P
..Paa
14. I would admit my fault, if I were you. P
.. Paa
11. Authorized person will be permitted.
wwww
15. The groom mustcertainly be over 30 years of
age. wwww
52
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
from ‘Three Men in a Boat’ and fill in the
l a i
a .iN
.N
The upper section is large enough (2) for the
l
assaa the paragraph aloud.
aadd s
a aa
s
blankswith appropriate modals and read
a a
dd s
a aa
s
wearer to be able to move his head and arms
(3) around, and a month’s supply (4) of food
aa
P
.. P
I thought I would go to British Museum today
ww ww P
..Pand drinking water can also be stored (5) in
wwww wwww
to read the treatment for some slight ailment it. The cover can be closed in rough weather,
of which I had a touch. I (1) would read all and the wearer can see (6) through the
I wanted to read and then felt I (2) Should window in the front, and breathe (7) Through
begin to study diseases. I started to generally a curved pipe. The life preserver is made (8)
Of water proof cloth attached (9) to/with
et
e t
turn the leaves idly.
eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
I came to typhoid fever, read the symptoms
l a i
a .iN
circular metal tubes, which protect the wearer
.N
(10) from sharp rocks and hungry fish.
l
assaa aa aa
and discovered I (3) might be having it for
aass as
as
et
months without knowing it. Cholera, I had
aadd
severe complications. Diphtheria, I (4) might
PP
C)
P Padd
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences,
a
using prepositions if necessary.
ww..
have been born with. I was relieved to find
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
(i) The new machines are quite different
that Bright’s disease, I had only in a modified
from the old ones. They are able to work
form as so far as that was concerned, I (5)
at a much faster pace, a substantially
would live for years. The only disease I
ai
(6) could conclude I had not got was a reduced risk to the environment.
eet t eet t
housemaid’s knee. I sat and pondered. I tried (ii) The students discussed the problem
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
to feel my heart. I (7) could not feel (not
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
among themselves. However, they did
assaa aa aa
feel) my heart. I walked into the reading room
a s
a s a s
not arrive at any conclusion. They went
a s
as
as a happy healthy man but crawled out as a
decrepit wreck.
P Paadd P Paaddto their class teacher and discussed with
w
w .. ww.. her. She gave a solution for/to it and
wwww wwww
Preposition. (Pg.No. 44) they were happy.
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ee t ee t
(i) In case of difficulty, you should refer to Ocean. Now choose the right word
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
a dictionary and then respond to the
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
and complete the paragraph. Read the
assaa aa aa
question. paragraph aloud. (P. No. 46)
w
a
dd s
a s
(ii) The clothes that he has put on are very a
dd s
a s
The wreck (1) of (up/of) the RMS Titanic lies
P Paa
impressive. He is going to his hometown
.. P
.. Paa
w
(iii) The nearest hospital to this place is at (4) off (of/off) the coast of Newfoundland.
a distance of twenty kilometers. You can It lies (5) in (in/on) two main pieces about
reach it either by car or by a bicycle. a third (6) of (of/off) a mile apart. The bow
B) eet t
Complete the following paragraph eet t is still largely recognizable (7) with (with/
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
by filling in the blanks with suitable
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
within) many preserved interiors, despite the
assaa aa aa
damage it sustained hitting the sea floor. A
a
dd s
prepositions and read the paragraph
a s
aloud for better understanding of the aass
debris field (8) of (of/for) the wreck contains
dd
P
..P
use of prepositions.aa P
.. Paa
thousands (9) of (on/ of) items spilled (10)
ww ww from (from/of) the ship as it sank. She sank
wwww wwww
Mr. Beek of New Jersey has invented a floating
life-preserver, which gives complete protection (11) in (in/at) the year 1912.
53
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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lalai .iN
.N given on page 47.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
25. I saw John waving through / above the crowd.(5)
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
28. I am more cautious since the fall (5)
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
29. I have a present for you.(3)
wwww wwww
31. We strolled along the river (5)
32. He ran towards / between us (7)
33. The leaves had been collected beneath the
trees (7)
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N Down
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
1. I put the book on/upon the table (4)
aass as
as
et
PPaadd 2.
P P dd
Please meet me at the cafe (2)
aa
ww.. 3.
w
w ..
Dessert will be served after dinner (5)
wwww wwww
.N
4. My house is near the school (4)
5. We walked to the store (2)
Across
ai
6. No eating inside/during class (6)
2. We fought against the measure.(7)
7.
eet t
The cat jumped onto the table.(4)
eet t 8. The book fell off my desk (3)
l a
l i
a .iN
9..N al l
The cat climbed up the tree.(2)
a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
11. I will not leave until the speech is finished (5)
assaa s aa s aa
12. The store is open every day but Sunday (3)
a s
10. My story is shorter than yours.(4)
a a a s
as
a
11. Cats are unlike dogs.(6)
P P add P Paadd
15. The dog is outside the house (7)
w
w ..
13. Put the cookie in the jar.(2) w ..
16. The cat is hiding below my bed (5)
w
wwww wwww
19. The cat jumped over the dog.(4)
ad
ee t
17. Banu sings like a bird.(4)
ee t 24. I put my hands inside my pockets (6)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
18. My story is about my pets.(5)
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a i.iN
.N
26. We will eat before the play (6)
l a
assaa aa aa
w
a s
a s
19. Subash is the president of our class.(2)
dd a
dd s
a s
27. The cat is sleeping under the cot (5)
P aa
20. We live near / by the river (2)
.. P P
.. Paa
29. This letter is from my aunt (4)
w
w
w
21. Let’s walk into the class together.(4) ww
30. We ran past the other kids (4)
wwww wwww
w
l a
l i
a .iN
B..N Summarising (Pg.No. 50)
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Task : O
aadd s
a aa
s
text and write a summary in about 75 words.
add
a aassaa
n the basis of your understanding of the given sample, make notes of the following
a
w P
..P ww P
.. P
1. Looking at the modern children, one striking difference between the childhood that the previous
w
wwww wwww
generation had and the one that this generation has is the lack of Indian or native games. In the
1970’s, people used to play a variety of indoor and outdoor games that were the games of this soil.
54
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Nowadays almost all children play games like cricket, tennis and football. Nobody is playing games
like Kabaddi, Goli, Ghilli or Indoor games like the Dhaayakattam, Paramapadham, Pallanguzhi, Paandi
assaa a dd s
a aa
s
a a
dd s
a aa
s
or Aadupuliaattam. These games have a rich culture and heritage value and were tools of passing
a
on some ancestral knowledge or the other. They also sharpened our observational and math skills
a a
w P
.. P ww P
..P
unlike the hit and run games of the west that are uni-dimensional and strengthen only hand-eye
w
wwww wwww
coordination.
Traditional Games were not just games, they were designed in such a way that one can develop
lot of skills like logical thinking, building strategy, concentration, basic mathematics, aiming, and
a lot more. Nowadays we develop these skills by paying money to centres that conduct personal
et
e t t t
development courses. Traditional Games act as learning aids. They teach us many things while
ee
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
playing, like to learn to win and lose, develop sensory skills, count, add, improve motor skills, identify
colour, improve hand-eye co-ordination and finally to have fun, either by playing the game or watching
et
Paadd P Padd
a
The values that we achieve by playing these games are more when compared to the games that
P
ww.. w
w ..
we play nowadays. Some of the values that we gain are that they are environment friendly, we get
wwww wwww
.N
a chance to learn about our culture and history, and an important thing is, it is suitable for all ages,
so they increase the interaction between generations. Many modern games played around the world
have their origin in these traditional games which is a pride to our country’s culture.
ai
eet t t t
Note Making
e e
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a
Traditional games and N
.N games
.iModern l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa s saa a s
a aa
s
as
I.
P P a dd
Modern child Vs child of previous generation
a P Paadd
w
w ..
a) Games for modern child
ww..
wwww wwww
Cricket-Tennis-Football-
ad
ee t ee t
Outdoor games- Kabbadi, Goli, Ghilli, Pandi
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a.iN
.N
Indoor games-Dhayakkattam, pallanguzhi
i l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
c) Advantages
a
dd s
a s
-retain rich culture & value a
dd s
a s
P Paa
-sharpen our observation
.. P
.. Paa
w
w
w
-develop math skills ww
wwww wwww
w
t t
-hand-eye coordination
ee eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
III. Values gained
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
-Chance to learn cultural history
-suitable for all ages a
dd s
a s ddaass
P
..Paa
-interaction between generations
P
.. Paa
ww ww
wwww wwww
55
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Summary Writing
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa s aa
Rough copy:
a
dd a s a
dd a s
.. Paa P
..Paa
Today , we see the children like modern games a lot. They like to play games like cricket , tennis
P
and football. They’ve forgotten the native traditional games like Dhayakattam , paramapatham ,
ww ww
wwww wwww
pallanguzhi and paandi. These skills came from our ancestors. The traditional games developed
several skills of our children viz, logical thinking , building strategy , concentration , basic maths ,
aiming and a lot more. They also developed sensory skills and motor skills , identifying colours etc.
Modern children pay money to learn that at special courses . In traditional games, we learn about
our culture, these games environment – friendly . There are many advantages in playing traditional
et
e t
games .
eet t
lalai.iN
.N
Fair copy:-
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Traditionals
aa saaand Modern games
games
as
asaa
et
PP aa dd P Padd
a
w.. w
w ..
Today, we see the children like modern games a lot. They like to play games like cricket, tennis.
w
They have forgotten Dhaayakattam, paramapatham pallanguzhi and panndi. These skills came from
wwww wwww
.N
our ancestors. The traditional games developed several skills of our children viz logical thinking,
building strategy, concentration, basic maths, motor skills, identifying colours etc. These games are
environment – friendly. These are many advantages in playing traditional games.
ai
Total No: of the words in the passage: 310
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
Total No: of the words used in Fair copy: 67
al i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
D. Writing an Article (Text Book Pg.No. 51 for model)
a s
a s a s
a s
as
Pie-Chart (Pg.No. 52)
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
Task: Read and understand the data presented in the pie-chart below on factors affecting
wwww wwww
health, and write an article for your school magazine highlighting the fact that it’s our
ad
lifestyle that determines how healthy we remain. Write your article in about 150 words.
Give a suitable title too.
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Medical
facilities
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
10%
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd
Smoking s
a s
Lifestyle 10%
P
.. Paa Environment
P
.. Paa
Obesity
w
Stress
w w
19%
Genetics
20%
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
The factors which affect health are given percentage-wise in the pie-chart.
l
assaa a
dd s
a aa
s ddaassaa
Health disorder and causes for Diseases
The medical facilities are restricted to only 10% of the population. The study shows 19% of diseases are
aa aa
w P
..P ww P
.. P
caused due to pollution. 20% of diseases are genetically inherited from parents 51% of the causes of illness
w
wwww wwww
is shared by life style smoking, obesity, stress, diet, nutrition and blood pressure. This pie chart gives an
information about the several factors that contribute to the diseases of modern man.
56
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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et
PPaadd P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
ai
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
wwww wwww
ad
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aFHªij
a ts®ªJ xU Fâiu åudhf khW»wJ. aassaa
w
aass
dd k‰bwh‹W Til¥gªJ mšyJ Ah¡» ÉisahL»wJ.
One infant grows up and becomes a jockey,
xU
dd
P Paa
Another plays basketball or hockey,
.. ..PPa a
w
w
w
This one the prize ring hates to enter
ïJ F¤J¢ r©il tisa¤âš EiHa ww
kW¡»wJ.
wwww
That one becomes a tackle or center,
ww ww
mJ gªija åudhf mšyJ eLtuh»wJ.
w
57
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Now A runs ninety yards to score,
B knocks the champion to the floor,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
ï¥nghJ A bjh©ûW bjiyöu« bt‰¿bgw XL»wh®
assaa aa aa
B bt‰¿ahsiu jiuÆš jŸËÉL»wh®.
a
Crisking vertebrae and spines,
dd s
a s a s
a s
mtdJ KJifí« KJbfY«òfisí« cil¤J¡bfh©L
dd
P
.. Paa
Lashes his steed across the line,
You'd think my ego it would please
ghij
P
..Paa
KGtJ« jdJ Fâiuia rî¡fhš mo¤J
ww tir¥gL»wh‹
ww
wwww wwww
To swap positions with one of these. Ú§fŸ v‹ Élh Ka‰á VnjD«
xU ïy¡if mila it¡F« vd Ãid¥Õ®fŸ
Well, ego it might be pleased enough, M« e‹whf ÉlhKa‰á nghJkhdkjhf ïU¡fyh«.
But zealous athletes play so rough Mdhš M®tKŸs Éisah£L åu®fŸ Äfî«
et
e t
They do not ever in their dealings
eet t
fodkhdt®fŸ
lalai.iN
.N
Consider one another's feelings.
l a
l
I'm glad that when my struggle beginsi
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a
xUtÇ‹ cz®îfËdhš btš»wh®fŸ. .iN
.N
mt®fŸ v¥nghJ« cz®¢áfËš btšgt®fŸ mšy
assaa saa
s
'Twixtprudenceand ego, prudence wins
aa as
asaa
vd¡F J‹g« tU«nghbjšyh«
et
PPaadd P Padd
a
v‹Dila ò¤ârhȤjd«, Éntf« bt‰¿ bgW»wJ.
w ..
When swollen eye meets gnarled fist
w w
w ..
å§»a f©fŸ fuLKulhd K£oia rªâ¡F«nghJ,
wwww wwww
.N
When snaps the knee, and cracks the wrist, v‹id bt‰¿aila¢ brŒtij v‹Å k»œ»nw‹
When officialdom demands, KH§fhšfŸ k‰W« k¡f£LfŸ ÉÇrš V‰gL« nghJ,
Is there a doctor in the stands? eLt® nf£»wh®
ai
My soul in true thanksgiving speaks m§nf kU¤Jt® ïU¡»whuh? v‹W
eet
For this modest of physiques
t e t t
v‹ M‹kh vËikahd, c©ikahd e‹¿fis rhjhuz
e
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
"Athletes, I'll drink to you
l a
l i
a .iN
.N clyik¥ã‰fhf brhš»wJ.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
jlfs åu®fns eh‹ c§fSl‹ Fo¡»nw‹
Or eat with you,
a s
a s a s
a
mšyJ c§fSl‹ rh¥ãL»nw‹ s
as
aadd
Or anything except compete with you,
P P aadd
c§fSl‹ ngh£oÆL« vijí« jÉu
P P
w ..
Buy tickets worth their radium,
w ww..
mu§»š c§fŸ FJfs¤ij gh®¡f nt©L«
wwww wwww
To watch you gambol in the stadium, v‹gj‰fhf nuoa« kâ¥òŸs o¡f£il th§F»nw‹.
ad
e e t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N fÉPiu¥ g‰¿
v‹gt® xU mbkÇ¡fla l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa eif¢Rit aaïtuJ fÉijfËš, fijfËš aa
Frederic Ogden Nash fÉP®. ït® 500‰F« nk‰g£l
w
aass a
ddïtiu Äf¢áwªj eif¢Rit fÉPuhf PPaadd
fÉijfis ïJtiu vGâíŸsh®.
ga‹gL¤âa vJif mik¥ò a
s
a s
. P
. P a
Kiw
f£l¥g£LŸsh®. ïtÇ‹ Ãidthf mbkÇ¡fhÉš . .
w
www w
mbkÇ¡fhÉš milahs«
ww ww
ww
jghšjiy btËÆl¥g£oU¡»wJ.
ww
w
1. Based on your understanding of the poem, answer the following questions in a sentence
or two. (Pg. No. 54)
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal a.iN
.N
a) Why does the poet feel glad that he does not play any game?
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The poet feels glad that he does not play any game as he doesn’t like to get injured by playing
assaa games.
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
ww P
b) Do you think the narrator is heroic? Why?
..P ww P
.. P
No, just watching the heroic deeds of enthusiastic athletes is not considered as something heroic.
wwww wwww
58
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN reason?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
c) The poet is satisfied just watching the heroic deeds of others. What could be the
.N .N
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
He satisfies his desire of playing by watching the heroic deeds of others.
aa a
dd a aa a
dd a
d) The poet does not wish to exchange position with the runners. Why?
w P
.. P ww P
..P
The athletes never care for the feelings of others when they play enthusiastically. So the poet
w
e) wwww
does not wish to exchange position with them.
wwww
Are the athletes conscious of the feelings of others? Why do you say so?
No, when they play with an enthusiasm to win they are conscious of their victory alone and not
of the feelings of others.
et t e t t
f) Why would the referee ask whether there was a doctor in the stands? What stands
e e
lalai.iN
.N is he referring to?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The referee would ask for a doctor when any athlete cracks his wrist or got injured in any way.
assaa a saa
s
Stands here refer to the stadium or boxing ring.
a as
asaa
et
P aadd P add
a
g) Why does the poet prefer to buy tickets worth their weight in radium? Bring out the
P P
ww..
significance of the metal referred to here
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
As the athletes risk their life the poet prefers to buy tickets worth their weight in radium. The
metal radium is more active and costly. The athletes are also very active in their play field. So
the poet is ready to buy tickets even if it is costly.
ai
t t t t
2. Read the poem again and complete the summary using the words given in the box:
ee ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N(P.No. 54)
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Answers:
a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
(i) Confesses
P Paadd (ii) Aims
P Paadd (iii) Glad
w
w
(iv) Admires.. (v)
ww..
Exchange (vi) Zealous
wwww
(vii) Thanks giving (viii)
wwww
Physiques (ix) Satisfied
ad
3. ead the poem and answer the following in a short paragraph of 8 - 10 sentences each.
R
t t
.P
(Pg.No. 55)
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
a)/b) How does the poet establish the victory of common sense over ego? March 2023 /
The poet does not wish to exchange places with athletes. How does he justify his
assaa aa aa
w
w w
are skillful in varied sports. That is running ninety yards, knocking the champion to the floor, taking
w w
wwww wwww
hold of the horse to make it win etc. He satisfies his love for sports by watching the heroic deeds of
w
sports persons. His ego gets slightly disturbed while watching such heroic deed which induces him to
act as an athlete. Thus arise a struggle between his ego and common sense. But when he sees athletes
playing, so rough injuring others and never bothers about the opponents’ feeling his common sense
has its victory.
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l l a.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
c) According to the poet what contributes most to the injuries sustained by the athletes?
a i i
According to the poet the athletes perform heroic deeds and risk their life to the maximum to attain
assaa a dd s
a aa
s
addaassaa
success. They have to overcome many hurdles before they taste success. Apart from this they get hurt
a
physically too in many ways. So the poet feels that there is nothing wrong to buy tickets worth their
a a
w P
..P ww P
.. P
radium. As they are very active like radium let them be given huge sum of money like that for radium.
w
wwww wwww
Being a spectator and realising the hard effort of the athlete the poet readily feels that he can share
everything with them. It is in this way one can contribute to the injuries sustained by the athletes.
59
eet t eet t
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
4.
.NRead the given lines and answer the
l a i .iN
.N
questions that follow in a sentence or two.
l a l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Additional Appreciation questions:-
assaa aa aa
1. They do not ever in their dealings QY 18
a
dd s
a) With all my heart I do admire. (Pg.No. 55)
a s
Athletes who sweat for fun or hire a s
a s
Consider one another's feelings
dd
P
.. Paa
i) Whom does the poet admire ? (TB) P
..
a)
Paa
Who refers to 'they'?
ww ww 'They' refer to athletes
wwww wwww
GMQ, QY + HY 2018, Aug 2022, Mar 2023
The poet admires the athletes b) What do they not consider? QY 2019
ii) For what reasons do the athletes They do not consider one anothers feelings.
sweat ? (TB) GMQ, HY 2018, Aug 2022, Mar2023 c) Pick out the rhyming words?
The athletes sweat for money or for pleasure.
et
e t eet t Dealing, feelings
lalai.iN
(Additional Questions)
.N iii) Why does he admire?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N d)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
How do the athletes play QY 2019
assaa aa aa
The athletes play rough game
ss
He admires them for their hard work and
aa as
as
et
sweat for fun
PPaadd 2.
P Padd
a
I am glad that when my struggle begins
`Twist prudence and ego, prudence wins
ww..
iv) What does the word 'I' refer to?QY 2018
w
w ..
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The word 'I' refers to the poet Frederic a) What is the struggle?
.N
Ogden Nash Struggle is between ego and prudence to face
b) Well, ego it might be pleased enough the challenge in life.
ai
But zealous athletes play so rough b) Who does win in the battle?
t t
i) What pleases the ego ? (TB)
ee eet t The voice of wisdom.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a a .iN
.N
The daring spirit of the athletes pleases the
al i
ego or the exchange of places with players
l
3.
l a
l a .iN
.N
And reassure myself anew
i
That you are not me and I'm not you
assaa ii) s aa
s
Why are athletes often rough during
a a a s
a aa
s
as
a) Who does the poet refer to as 'you'
play ? HY 2019 (TB)
P Paadd P Paadd
'You' refer to the athletes. March 2019
to win w ..
They are rough because everyone wants
w ww..
b) Who does the poet reassure? March 2019
wwww wwww The poet reassures himself
ad
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
players get injured.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a i.iN
.N
To watch you gambol in the stadium
l a
assaa aa aa
w
P
.. Paa
The poet himself is present as a spectator
P
.. Pa'Gambol' means run or jump happily
a
w
wwww
exchange places with the athletes.
wwww Radium, stadium
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
C. When snaps the knee and cracks the
wrist. (Pg.No. 55)
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
It means 'drink to wish good luck for the
assaa aa aa
athletes'
device in this line. dd s
a s
i) Identify and explain the use of the literary
a b)
ddaass
Does the poet want to compete with the
P
..Paa
The literary device used here is onomatopoeia. P
.. Paaathletes? June 2019
ww
It imitates the natural sound of a thing. Here ww No, the poet does not want to compete with
wwww
the snapping sound of the knee and cracking
sound of the wrist is explained. wwww the athletes
60
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
6.
.N l a i
a
Another plays basket ball or hockey
l .iN
One infant grows up and becomes a jockey
.N 7.
l a a .iN
You'd think my ego it would please
i .N
To swap positions with one of these
l
assaa a)
aadd
A jockey is a horse rider
s
a aa
s
Who is a jockey? March 2020, Aug 2022
a a)
aa a s
a aa
s
Who are 'these'?
dd
Sep - 2020
'These' means the talents of the athletes
b)
w P
.. P
Pick out the rhyming words Aug - 2022
w b)
ww P
..P
Pick out the rhyming words
wwww
Jockey - hockey
wwww Please - these
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N Simile
assaa aa aa
2. “When swollen eyes meet gnarled fist Personification
aass as
as
et
3.
PP add
When snaps the knee and cracks the wrist
a P Padd
a Onomatopoeia
4.
ww..
When officialdom demands”
w
w .. Anaphora
wwww wwww
.N
5. My limp and bashful spirit feeds on other people’s heroic deeds.
6. My soul in true thanks giving speaks for this modest of physiques.
ai
7. I am glad that when my struggle begins twist prudence and ego,
Personification
prudence wins
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 8.
9. l a
l a .iN
.N
Well, ego it might be pleased enough
al i
Now ‘A’ runs ninety yards to score l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
5.
P P add P P add
(A) Explain the following with reference to the context in about 50 - 60 words each.
a a
(Pg.No. 55)
w
w .. ww..
i)
wwww
I am just glad as glad can be.
wwww
ad
That I am not them, that they are not me------. QY 2018, March 2019, QY 2019
Reference:
These lines are taken from
t t
.P
ee t
Poem
ee t
Confessions of a Born Spectator
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Poet Ogden Nash
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
Context:
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
The poet says these words when he feels happy of not being an athlete.
w
Explanation:
w
w ww
wwww wwww
The poet talks about how people choose different sports in their lives or decide to become athletes.
w
While admiring the talents of athletes and sportsmen he confesses that he is happy that he is not a
sportsman.
ii) They do not ever in their dealings
eet t
Consider one another’s feelings eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Reference:
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aadd s
These lines are taken from
a a aa
s
add
a aassaa
Poem
P
..P
Confessions of a Born Spectator
ww ww P
.. P
Poet
wwwwOgden Nash
wwww
61
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N Context:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
Here the poet speaks about the behaviour of the athletes while playing.
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Explanation:
a
dd s
a aa
s a
dd s
a aa
s
The athletes used to play rough games when they play enthusiastically. In this regard they never care
aa aa
w P
.. P ww P
..P
for the feelings of their sporting rivals. The poet regrets about this behaviour of the athletes.
w
wwww
iii) Athletes, I’ll drink to you, HY - 2019
Or eat with you, wwww
Or anything except compete with you-----
Reference: These lines are taken from
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N Poem
l a
l a .iN
.N
Confession of a Born Spectator
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Poet Ogden Nash
aass as
as
et
Paadd P Padd
a
Context: Here the poet expresses his view of not competing with sports persons in any way.
P
ww.. w
w ..
Explanation: The poet is very clear of the view that he is a born spectator and not a sports person.
wwww wwww
.N
He is ready to share everything with the athletes like spending gala time, dining together with them
etc. but is not ready to compete with them in their sports activities.
E.R.C for slow learners:-
ai
F¿¥ò: Confessions of A born Spectator poem ¤âš ïUªJ vªj poetic tÇfŸ bfhL¤jhY«
eet t ÑnH bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs ERC ia vGjî«. eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a i .iN
.N
Key words:-(ÑnH bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs Key words c§fS¡F cjÉahf ïU¡F«)
l a l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
(infant, Jockey, basketball or hockey, prize ring, a tackle or center, just glad as glad, Athletes,
a
as
P P add P P add
fun or hire, gaudy pomp, main, romp, limp, bashful, heroic deeds, A run, ninety yards, B
a a
w ..
gambol, I am not you). ww..
knocks, Lashes, steed, swap ego, zealous, prudence wins, gnarled, physiques, drink to you,
w
wwww
Context:-
wwww
ad
ee t Explanation:- ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
The poet brings the happiness of a spectator. This poem is about the spirit of the spectator.
assaa aa aa
w
He wants to enjoy the game from his seat. He doesn’t like to take part in the game because
a s
a s a s
a s
the players play a rough game. He admires the spirit and strength. For him life is more
dd dd
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
interesting at the stands of the stadium than in the middle.
w
w
w ww
wwww wwww
B) Underline the alliterated words in the following lines.
i) My soul in true thanksgiving speaks
w
62
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
C)
.N l a
l
i) For this most modest physiques… i
a .iN
Underline the alliterated words in the following lines.
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a s
a aa
s
ii) They do not ever in their dealings…
dd aa a
dd s
a aa
s
ww P P
D) Find out the rhyme scheme of the given stanza.
..
One infant grows up and becomes a jockey ww P
..P
wwww
Another plays basketball or hockey
This one the prize ring hates to enter
wwww
That one becomes a tackle or center…
t t
Rhyme scheme of the poem is aa bb
ee eet t
lalai.iN
.N
6.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Listening Activity. Answer the questions that follow (TB. Pg. 56)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Ans: 1. Shooter 2. 2004 3. Commonwealth games 4. Germany 5. Gold
aass as
as
et
Paadd P Padd
a
7-8 Speaking Activity + Short Paragraph - Write Your own ideas.
P
ww..
Govt. Questions - Paragraph Writing.
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
a) Explain the views of Ogden Nash as expressed in his poem 'Confessions of a Born
Spectator' QY - 2019
b) How does Ogden Nash try to explain that he is very happy being a mere spectator
ai
eet t
Paragraph for Toppers (gifted students): eet t March 2020
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa s aa
Poem : Confession of a Born Spectator
a a s a a s
as
Poet :
P Paadd
Ogden Nash
P Paadd
Theme
w
w ..
: Be happy with your limits
ww..
wwww wwww
In the poem “Confessions of a born Spectator” the poet talks about how people choose to opt for
ad
different sports in their lives or decide to become athletes. At the same time he confesses that he is
glad that he is neither a sports person nor an athlete. He admires the talents of all athletes and derives
a great satisfaction watching them. This is understood from the lines
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a.iN
.N
My limp and bashful spirit feeds
i
on other people’s heroic deeds.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a s
a s a s
a s
Being a born spectator he does not wish to exchange places with the athletes at any cost. He doesn’t
dd dd
P
.. aa P aa
like to get injured in any way. Moreover he regrets over the fact that Zealous athletes play rough
P .. P
w
w
w ww
games without even caring for each other’s feelings. The poet conveys this idea through the lines.
wwww
They do not ever in their dealings wwww
w
e t t t t
of athletes as they risk their life to a great extend like snapping their knees and cracking their wrist
e ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
etc. This shows that the athletes take a lot of trail to achieve the desired results. The poet is always
assaa aa aa
ready to share a drink or a meal with the athletes. In fact he is ready to do anything except compete
a s
a s aass
with them. Ultimately the poet is satisfied that he himself is not an athlete which is clearly proved
dd dd
from the lines
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
ww
And reassure myself a new ww
wwww
That you are not me and I’m not you. wwww
63
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
Paragraph for Average students:
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
Poem : Confession of a Born Spectator
Poet :
a a
dd a
Ogden Nash
a aa a
dd a
Theme
ww P
..
: P Be happy with your limits
ww P
..P
wwww wwww
The poet brings out the happiness of a spectator. This poem is about the spirit of the spectator. He
wants to enjoy the game from his seat. He doesn’t like to take part in the game because the players
play a rough game. They hurt each other. They don’t care about others. He hates their foul game.
et t t t
He follows his voice of wisdom to keep away from the fun they create in the ground. He admires the
e e e
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
at the stands of the stadium than in the middle. l a
l i
a .iN
.N
spirit and strength. He is never ready to exchange places with them. For him life is more interesting
et
PPa add challenges
P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
Paragraph for Slow learners: (Late bloomers)
ai
Poet : Ogden Nash
e
et t eet t
People choose different sports in their lives.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The poet admires the talents of the sportsmen.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
He wants to enjoy the game from his seat.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P Paadd
He doesn't like to take part in the game because
The players play rough games.
P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
They hurt each other and don't care about others.
wwww wwww
ad
t t
.P
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa *****
P
.. Paa
w
w
w ww
wwww wwww
w
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
64
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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mtÇ‹ mU»š xU ïisP‹ ïU¥gijí«, mt‹ vijnah njo¡ bfh©oU¥gijí«, nkY« mªj
ïisP‹ rhš£bg‹ #hnfhÉ‹ ïu©lhtJ kfbd‹W«, jh‹ mU»YŸs »uhk¤âš _‹W eh£fŸ
j§» Û‹ ão¡f¥ nghtjhfî«, å£oš ïUªJ tU« mtru¤âš gz« vL¤J tu kwªJ É£ljhfî«
et
e t eet t
T¿dh‹. Mfnt ãÈ¥ °byj®igÆl« jd¡F gz« jªJ cjîkhW nf£L¡ bfh©lh‹. mtÅl«
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
°byj®ig mt‹ FL«gK¤âiuia nf£f mtD« brh‹dh‹. ã‹d® mtÅ‹ jhia¥ g‰¿ nf£L
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
bjǪJ bfh©lh®. KjÈš gz« jUtjhf x¥ò¡bfh©L É£L, ã‹d® ïisP‹ brh‹dJ bghŒ
aass aas s
et
P aadd
ïWâÆš ïisP‹ brh‹d gâš c©ikahdJ vd bjǪJ bfhŸ»wh®.
P P Padd
v‹W Ãid¤J¡bfh©L gz« ju kW¤JÉ£lh®. j‹ ò¤ârhÈjd¤ij Ãid¤J bk¢R»wh®. Mdhš
a
ww.. w w..
wwww ww
.N
ENGLISH
ãÈ¥ °nyj®igw
jĜ
w
Philip Sletherby settled himself down in an almost
fhÈahd ïuÆš bg£oÆš
empty railway carriage, with the pleasant consciousness ïÅikahd cz®îl‹ V‰W¡bfhŸs¡Toa
ai
of being embarked on an agreeable and profitable yhgfukhd gaz« bršy ïUªjh®. mt® Brill Manor
t t t t
pilgrimage. He was bound for Brill Manor, the country v‹w »uhk¤J å£oš jdJ òâa e©guhd Mrs.Saltpen
ee ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
residence of his newly achieved acquaintance, Mrs. -JagoÉ‹ å£o‰¡F ãÈ¥ °byj®ã gazkdh®.
i i
Saltpen- Jago.*Honoria Saltpen-Jago was a person âUkâ. rhš£bg‹ #nfh y©l‹ khefÇš xU K¡»a
assaa a s aa
s a s aa
s
of some social importance in London, of considerable eguhf kâ¡f¥gLgt®. Äfî« K¡»akhf Chalkshire
a a
as
Paadd P Paadd
importance and influence in the county of Chalkshire. eh£oš bršth¡Fl‹ ïU¥gt®. mªj eh£o‹ »H¡F
P
w
w .. ww..
The county of Chalkshire, or, at any rate, the eastern t£lhu¤â‰F Philip Sletherby ÛJ jÅ¥g£l <®¥ò c©L.
wwww wwww
division of it, was of immediate personal interest to Philip j‰nghJ cŸs muá‹ r£l rigÆš xUt®,kW
ad
Sletherby; it was held for the Government in the present nj®jiy ÉU«ghj eg®, mªj T£l¤âš Sletherby
Parliament by a gentleman who did not intend to seek re- xU bt‰¿ahsuhf ngr¥gLgt®. mtU¡F nahf«
election, and Sletherby was under serious consideration ïUªjhš mªj gjÉ »il¡F«. Mrs.Saltpen Jago
by the party managers as his possible successor, and with braš f©o¥ghf xU jh¡f¤ij V‰gL¤J«. muáaš
t t
.P
ee t ee t
luck, the seat might be held. The Saltpen-Jago influence jiyt®fS¡F á¿a njhHik¡fhd czî ÉUªJ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
was not an item which could be left out of consideration, Honorio Éš el¤j¥g£lJ. m¥nghJ m§F mt® Saltpen
assaa aa aa
and the political aspirant had been delighted at meeting Jago it gh®¤J Mdªjkilªjh®. mtŸ mtiu
w
a s
a s a s
a s
Honoria at a small and friendly luncheon-party, still btŸË Kjš br›thŒ tiuÆyhd eh£fËš jdJ
dd dd
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
more gratified when she had asked him down to her eh£òw ÉUªâd® ïšy¤âš, ÉUªâ‰¡F tUkhW
w
country house for the following Friday-to-Tuesday. He miH¤âUªjhŸ. Äfî« e‹¿¡FÇajhf ïUªjJ.
w
w ww
wwww wwww
was obviously ‘on approval’, and if he could secure the mt® f£lhakhf mtSila Mjuití« mtuJ
w
goodwill of his hostess he might count on her nominating gjÉ¡fhd c¤juth¤ijí« j¡fit¤J bfhŸs
him as an assured thing. If he failed to find favour in her nt©L«. mt® m›thW brŒa jt¿É£lhš rhjhuz
eyes — well, the local leaders would probably cool off in jiyt®fŸ mtÇl« cŸs M®t¤ij Fiw¤J
their embryo enthusiasm for him. bfhŸth®fŸ.
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N la a.iN
.N
Among the passengers dotted about on the platform,
i
awaiting their respective trains, Sletherby espied a club
l l a
l a .iN
.N
ãsh£ghu¤âš mâfkhf gaÂfŸ mt®fSila
i
uÆiy vâ®gh®¤J fh¤âU¡f Sletherby jd¡F
assaa s aa
s ssaa
acquaintance, and called him up to the carriage-window f£á¡fhu® xUtiu f©l¿ªJ (espied) mtid #‹dš
a
dd a
for a chat. “Oh, you’re staying with Mrs. Saltpen-Jago for
aa addaa
Xu« miH¤J ngádh®. X, Ú§fŸ Mrs Saltpen Jago
a
ww P
..P
the week-end, are you? I expect you’ll have a good time;
she has the reputation of being an excellent hostess.
ww P
.. P îl‹ thu¤â‹ ïWâ eh£fis fÊ¡f ngh»Ö®fsh?
c§fS¡F ešy neu« ïU¡»wJ . ÉUªJ mË¥gâš
wwww
— hullo, you’re off. Good-bye.” wwww
She’ll be useful to you, too, if that Parliamentary project mt® òfœbg‰wt®. mªj r£lrigÆ‹ â£l¤â‰F cd¡F
cjÉahf ïU¥ghŸ. rÇ eh‹ nghŒ tU»nw‹.
65
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Sletherby waved good-bye to his friend, pulled up
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Sletherby mt® e©giu mD¥ãÉ£L #‹diy _
the window, and turned his attention to the magazine oÉ£L, j‹ koÆš ïUªj g¤âÇ¡ifÆš j‹ ftd¤ij
assaa a dd s
a aa
s
a a
dd s
a aa
s
lying on his lap. He had scarcely glanced at a couple bfh©L br‹wh®. ïu©L jhŸfŸ Tl go¤âU¡fhj
a
of pages, however, when a smothered curse caused neu¤âš, k‰bwhUt® mªj bg£oÆš ïU¥gij gh®¤jh®.
a a
P
.. P P
..P
him to glance hastily at the only other occupant of the gaz¤âš mtnuhL ïU¥gt® Rkh® ïUg¤J ïu©L
ww ww
carriage. His travelling companion was a young man of taJ kâ¡f¤j¡f xU thÈg®. .fUikahd Ko, btŸis
wwww wwww
about two-and-twenty, with dark hair, fresh complexion, Ãw njh‰w«, g£o¡fh£oš cŸs ig¤âa¡fhu‹ nghy
and the blend of smartness and disarray that marks the ïUªjJ mt‹ njh‰w«. mt‹ ÔÉukhf xU bghUis
costume of a ‘nut’ who is bound on a rustic holiday. He njLtâš <Lg£L bfh©oUªjh‹. neu¤J¡F neu« j‹
was engaged in searching furiously and ineffectually for igÆš cŸs MW mdhit vL¤J ftiynahL gh®¤J
t t t t
some elusive or non-existent object; from time to time he bfh©oUªjh‹. mL¤J ïitaid¤ijí« gh®¤j
ee ee
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
dug a sixpenny bit out of a waistcoat pocket and stared eh‹ áfbu£ gh¡° Ô¥bg£o, rhÉfŸ, btŸË pencil bg£o,
at it ruefully, then recommenced the futile searching k‰W« uÆš o¡bf£ mid¤ijí« vL¤J mU»š cŸs
assaa saa
s ssaa
operations. A cigarette-case, matchbox, latchkey, silver ïU¡ifÆš ngh£nl‹. ïâš cŸs vJî« mtD¡F
aa aa
et
PPaadd P Padd
pencil case, and railway ticket were turned out on to the ëkâ mË¡fÉšiy. mt‹ mtid K‹igÉl
a
seat beside him, but none of these articles seemed to ï¥nghJ bfhŠr« r¤jkhfnt â£o¡bfh©lh‹. mtdJ
ww.. w
w ..
afford him satisfaction; he cursed again, rather louder bfh^ukhd bfhŠr« mâfkhd Fz§fŸ vijí«
wwww wwww
.N
than before. The vigorous pantomime did not draw forth Sletherby f©LbfhŸshkš mtuJ g¤âÇ¡ifia
any remark from Sletherby, who resumed his scrutiny of kWgoí« thá¡f bjhl§»dh®.
the magazine.
ai
“I say!” exclaimed a young voice presently, “didn’t ”Ú§fŸ Mrs Saltpen Jagol‹ Brill Manor š j§f
eet t eet
I hear you say you were going down to stay with Mrs.
t ngh»Ö®fŸ v‹W brh‹dij eh‹ nf£nl‹ v‹W
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l a .iN
.N
Saltpen-Jago at Brill Manor? What a coincidence! My
i
*mater, you know. I’m coming on there on Monday
l a
l a .iN
.N
mt‹ M¢rÇa¤Jl‹ brh‹dh‹. v‹d xU rªâ¥ò!”
i
v‹d xU bghU¤j«! (coincidence) mt®fŸ v‹ m«kh
assaa s aa
s
evening, so we shall meet. I’m quite a stranger; haven’t
a a a s
a aa
s
â§fŸ »Hik khiy eh‹ m§F ïU¥ng‹. m¥nghJ
as
P Paadd
seen the mater for six months at least. I was away yachting
P P add
eh« rªâ¡fyh«. eh‹ ï‹D« c§fS¡F ah® v‹W
a
w ..
last time she was in Town. I’m Bertie, the second son, you
w ww
know. I say, it’s an awfully lucky coincidence that I should.. m¿ahjt‹ jh‹. MWkhj§fŸ elªj ÉõakhtJ
bjÇíkh? v‹ m«khit¥ gh®¤J gy eh£fsh»wJ. ï›tsî
wwww
run across someone who knows the mater just at this
wwww neu« R‰¿ tªâU¡»nw‹. eh‹ Äfî« mWtU¥ghd
ad
particular moment. I’ve done a damned awkward thing.” braiy brŒJ É£nl‹. ‘Ú x‹iw bjhiy¤JÉ£lhŒ
“You’ve lost something, haven’t you?” said Sletherby. m¥go¤jhnd?” Sletherby ÉdÉdh®.
“Not exactly, but left behind, which is almost as bad; m¥gonaJ« ïšiy, eh‹ tU« nghJ gz¥igia
t t
.P
ee t ee t
just as inconvenient, anyway. I’ve come away without my vL¤J tu kwªJÉ£nl‹. mâš eh‹F gî©£ fhR
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
sovereign-purse, with four quid in it, all my worldly wealth
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
ïUªjJ. vdJ bkh¤j brh¤J« mJ jh‹. mJ v‹
gh¡bf£oš ïUªjJ. ï¥nghJ jh‹ eh‹ bjhl§»nd‹.
assaa aa aa
for the moment. It was in my pocket all right, just before
w
a s
a s
I was starting, and then I wanted to seal a letter, and
dd a
dd s
a s
ãwF xU foj¤âš seal it¡f nt©o ïUªjJ.
P
.. Paa
the sovereign-purse happens to have my crest on it, so I
P
.. Pam¥nghJ mªj ig vd¡F bgh¡»õ« nghš ïUªjJ.
a
w
silver loose in my pocket, but after I’d paid for a taxi and
vL¤jâš ïUªj MW fhRfŸ k£Lnk Ûj« cŸsJ.
my ticket I’d only got this forlorn little sixpence left. I’m eh‹ _‹W ehŸ xU ÉLâÆš j§» Û‹ ão¡f¥
stopping at a little country inn near Brondquay for three ngh»nw‹. v‹id m§F ahU¡F« bjÇahJ. v‹ thu
eet t eet t
days’ fishing; not a soul knows me there, and my week- ïWâ fz¡F cgnah»¥gtU¡F bfhL¡F« fhR, k‰W«
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal a.iN
.N
end bill, and tips, and cab to and from the station, and my
i
ticket on to Brill, that will mount up to two or three quid,
l a
l a .iN
.N
t©o thlif, Ãiya¤âš ïUªJ tªjJ, v‹Dila
i
Brill o¡bf£, všyh« v¥goí« ïu©L mšyJ _‹W
assaa dd s
a aa
s
won’t it? If you wouldn’t mind lending me two pound ten,
a
or three for preference, I shall be awfully obliged. It will
aa add
a aassaa
gî©£ ïU¡F« m¥gojhnd. mjdhš vd¡F g¤J
gî©£ k‰W« _‹W fhR Ú§fŸ jªJ cjÉdhš
P
..P
pull me out of no end of a hole.” “I think I can manage
ww ww P
.. P e‹whf ïU¡F«.mJ v‹ beW¡foÆÈUªJ fh¡F«
(no end of a hole) v‹wh®. “eh‹ mij bfhL¡fKoí«
wwww wwww
that,” said Sletherby, after a moment’s hesitation.
vd Ãid¡»nw‹” v‹W Sletherby áWJ neu« fʤJ
T¿dh®.
66
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
wwww wwww
ww
www.Padasalai.Net
ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
“Thanks awfully. It’s jolly good of you. What a lucky
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Ä¡f e‹¿, Äfî« k»œ¢á ïJ c§fŸ ešy
thing for me that I should have chanced across one of kdij¡fh£L»wJ. vdJ m«khÉ‹ beU§»a e©giu
assaa a dd s
a aa
s
a a
dd s
a aa
s
the mater’s friends. It will be a lesson to me not to leave rªâ¡f thŒ¥ò ïU¡»wJ. “jÅna gz¤ij É£L
a
my exchequer lying about anywhere, when it ought to be v§F« bršy TlhJ” v‹gJ vd¡bfhU ghl«. mJ v‹
a a
P
.. P P
..P
in my pocket. I suppose the moral of the whole thing is gh¡bf£oš ïU¡f nt©L«. ïJ všyhU¡F« bjǪj
ww ww
don’t try and convert things to purposes for which they x‹W jh‹. ek¡F V‰wJ nghš bghUis kh‰w¡
wwww wwww
weren’t intended. Still, when a sovereign-purse has your TlhJ. njit ïšyhkš mij kh‰w Ãid¡f TlhJ.
crest on it–”. “What is your crest, by the way?” Sletherby ï¥nghJ« gz¥igÆš vdJ milahs« cŸsJ”
asked, carelessly. “Not a very common one,” said the v‹wh®. “rÇ c‹Dila milahs« v‹d? v‹W
youth; “a demi-lion holding a cross-crosslet in its paw.” Sletherby nf£lh®. “rhjhuzkhd x‹W ïšiy” vd
t t t t
“When your mother wrote to me, giving me a list of trains, thÈg‹ T¿dh‹. xU áW á§f« »uh° FW¡F ngh‹w
ee ee
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
she had, if I remember rightly, a greyhound *courant on milahs¤ij fhÈš it¤âU¡F«. cdJ m«kh
her notepaper,” observed Sletherby. There was a tinge of “vd¡F vGâa foj¤âš uÆšfËš F¿¥ig bfhL¤jh®.
et
PPaadd P P add
milahs« xU rh«gš Ãw nt£il ehŒ” Sletherby
a
ww.. É‹ K¤âiu w”w. . thÈg‹ gâš
ftŤjh®. mtuJ FuÈš xU eL¡f« ïUªjJ.
wwww ww Å‹ K¤âiu”
“That is the Jago crest,” responded the youth
“mJ Jago
.N
mªj
mˤjh‹,mªj áW w
promptly; “the demi-lion is the Saltpen crest. We have
w
á§f« Saltpen
the right to use both, but I always use the demi-lion,
v§fS¡F ïu©ilí« cgnah»¡f mâfhu« c©L.
because, after all, we are really Saltpens.” eh‹ áW á§f¤ij jh‹ cgnah»¥ng‹,. VbdÅš
ai
eh§fŸ c©ikahd [hš£bg‹fŸ.
eet t ee
There was silence for a moment or two, and thet t á¿J neu« mikâ ÃyÉaJ. mªj thÈg‹ Û‹
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
young man began to collect his fishing tackle and other
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
ão¡f njitahd bghUis nrfǤJ b
fh©oU¤jh‹.
assaa aa aa
belongings from the rack. “My station is the next one,” he v‹Dila °nlõ‹ mL¤jJ v‹W bjÇɤjh‹.
announced.
a s
a s aass
as
aadd
“I’ve never met your mother,” said Sletherby
P P P
“eh‹ c‹ m«khÉl« gyKiw
P aad d
ciuaho
w
w ..
suddenly, “though we’ve corresponded several times. My
w w. . rªâ¤jâšiy”
ïUªjhY« xU Kiw Tl mt®fis
wwww v‹Dila ww ïU¥ghsh?muáaš
introduction to her was through political friends. Does she
v‹wh®, m¿Kf«
w
w mtSl‹
ad
ee t ee t
“She’s supposed to be like me. She has the same mt®fŸ v‹id¥nghš ïU¥gh®fŸ. v‹id¥
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a i
a.iN
.N
dark brown hair and high colour; it runs in her family. I nghynt fUŠrh«gš Ko k‰W« ešy Ãw«. mJ
say, this is where I get out.” “Good-bye,” said Sletherby. c§fŸ FL«g¤âš XL»wJ. “ïJ btËna bršY«
l
assaa aa aa
w
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
“You’ve forgotten the three quid,” said the young man, jUz«” vd Ãid¡»nw‹. “nghŒ tU»nw‹” vd
a
opening the carriage-door and pitching his suit-case on Sletherby T¿dh®. “Ú§fŸ mªj _‹W gî©il
P Paa P Paa
to the platform. “I’ve no intention of lending you three kwªJ É£O®fŸ”. mªj thÈg‹ T¿dh‹ mtdJ
.. ..
w
w
w w w
pounds, or three shillings,” said Sletherby severely. “But bg£o fjit âwªJ É£L mtdJ bghU£fis btËna
you said–”
wwww ww wwjŸËdh‹. “cd¡F _‹W gî©£ k‰W« _‹W
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal a.iN
.N
The discrepancy about the crests put me on my guard,
i
notwithstanding the really brilliant way in which you
l a
l a .iN
.N
cd¡F áw¥ghf brhšy bjÇaÉšiy. ãwF cd¡F
i
tiy ÉǤnj‹. cdJ m«khit gh®¤jâšiy
assaa s aa
s ssaa
accounted for it. Then I laid a trap for you; I told you that v‹W T¿nd‹. eh‹ mtis filá â§fŸ »Hik
a
dd a
I had never met Mrs. Saltpen-Jago. As a matter of fact
aa add
a aa
rªâ¤nj‹. mt®fŸ j§f ÃwKoÆš ɤâahrkhf
ww PP
I met her at lunch on Monday last. She is a pronounced
..
blonde.” The train moved on, leaving the soi-disant
ww P
.. P ïUªjh®. uÆš efu, Saltpen Jago FL«g bfsut¤ij
eilnkilÆnyna â£o Ô®¤JÉ£L br‹wh®.
wwww wwww
cadet of the Saltpen-Jago family cursing furiously on the
platform.
67
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
wwww wwww
ww
www.Padasalai.Net
ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
“Well, he hasn’t opened his fishing expedition by
catching a flat,” chuckled Sletherby. He would have an
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
“M«, mt® xU ɤâahr¤ij ão¤J¡bfh©L
assaa aa aa
mtuJ Û‹ão fijia v‹Ål« brhšÈ ïU¡f¡
a
dd s
a s
entertaining story to recount at dinner that evening, and
a s
a s
TlhJ”. Sletherby áǤjh®. mtÇ‹ bghGJ ngh¡F xU
dd
.. Paa
his clever little trap would earn him applause as a man of
P
resource and astuteness. He was still telling his adventure P
..Paa
Rthu°akhd fijia khiy neu« czÉ‹ nghJ
brhšth®. mtUila T®ikahd tiyå¢R mtU¡F
ww ww
wwww wwww
in imagination to an attentive audience of dinner guests
when the train drew up at his destination. On the platform
he was greeted sedately by a tall footman, and noisily by
if¤j£L bg‰W¤juyh«. “ts« k‰W« ò¤â T®ik
bg‰w kÅj‹ v‹W” mt® ï‹D« brh‹dh®. mt®
f‰gidfË‹ rhfr« mtuJ czÉ‹ gh®itahsiu
Claude People, K.C., who had apparently travelled down ïG¡F«. eilnkilÆš xU ca®ªj kÅj‹
et
by the same train.
e t eet t fÅthfî« M®tkhfî« ïtiu tunt‰wh®. K.C mtiu
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
“Hullo, Sletherby! You spending the week-end at
l a
l i
a .iN
mnj t©oÆš jh‹ gaz« òǪJŸsh®.
.N
“tz¡f« sletherby! Ú§fŸ ãǚȚ (Brill) ïªj
assaa saa
s
Brill? Good. Excellent. We’ll have a round of golf together
aa as
asaa
thu eh£fis brytÊ¡f ngh»Ö®fsh. Äf e‹W. ehis
et
PPaadd
to-morrow; I’ll give you your revenge for Hoylake. Not
P Padd
xU R‰W Golf Éisahlyh«. c§fS¡fhd gâyoia
a
ww..
a bad course here, as inland courses go. Ah, here we
w
w .. Hoylakeš bfhL¥ng‹. .mJ nftykhf ïU¡fhJ.
wwww wwww
are; here’s the car waiting for us, and very nice, too!”
.N
»uhk§fŸ tÊna bršY«nghJ vªj mr«ghÉjK«
The car which won the K.C.’s approval was a sumptuous- el¡fhJ. X! ï§nf jh‹; ek¡fhf fh¤âU¡F« fh®,
looking vehicle, which seemed to embody the last word e‹whf cŸsJ, m¥go¤jhnd”. K.C it¤âU¡F« ïªj
in elegance, comfort, and locomotive power. Its graceful
ai
fh® Äfî« Éiyía®ªj t©o MF«. ne®¤âahd,
lines and symmetrical design masked the fact that it was brsf®akhd k‰W« nyhnfh nkho› M‰wš bfh©lJ.
eet t eet t
an enormous wheeled structure, combining the features mj‹ eaKŸs nfhLfŸ k‰W« tot§fŸ v©z‰w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
of a hotel lounge and an engine-room.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Éj¤âš r¡fu§fŸ bfh©L mikªj thfd«. nAh£lš
assaa aa aa
yîŠáš ÉF« thfd« nghš fh£á mˤjJ.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P Paadd
“Different sort of vehicle to the post-chaise in
w ..
which our grandfathers used to travel, eh?” exclaimed
w
the lawyer appreciatively. And for Sletherby’s benefit he
ww.. jh¤jh cgnah»¤jh®, m¥go¤jhnd”, tH¡f¿P®
T¿dh®. Sletherby bjǪJbfhŸtj‰fhf ïj‹
wwww wwww
began running over the chief points of perfection in the
ad
ee t ee t
were fixed on the door panel, on which were displayed f©fŸ fjit neh¡» ïUªjJ. m§nf ïu©L K¤âiu
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
two crests: a greyhound courant and a demi-lion holding
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
ïUªjd.rh«gš Ãw k‰W« áW á§f« fhÈš (paw)
assaa aa aa
in its paw a cross-crosslet.
w
P
.. Paa
absorbed silence on the part of a companion. He had
P
.. Paa
gaz¤â‹ xU k neuK« mikâahf ïUªjh®.
w
w
w
been silent himself for nearly an hour in the train, and
ww mtuJ eh¡F mtU¡F ngr neuK« mË¡fÉšiy.
wwww wwww
his tongue was making up for lost time. Political gossip, muáaš ng¢RfŸ, bghJ Éõa§fŸ bghJthf
w
personal anecdote, and general observation flowed from mÇa¥g£l Éõa§fŸ vd mid¤J« mtÇl«
him in an uninterrupted stream as the car sped along the ïUªJ bghÊa¥g£lJ. fh® »uhkòw rhiyÆš nghŒ
country roads; from the inner history of the Dublin labour bfh©oUªjJ. Dublin TÈfË‹ ntjidfŸ Prince
eet t eet t
troubles and the private life of the Prince Designate Designate of Albania (mšnghÅa ïstur‹) bghJ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
of Albania he progressed with an easy volubility to an
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
thœî g‰¿í«, rh‹É£áÈUªJ x‹gjhtJ JisÆš
assaa aa aa
account of an alleged happening at the ninth hole at elªj Sandwich Éõa§fŸ g‰¿í« T¿dh®. Dutchess
a
dd s
a s
Sandwich, and a verbatim report of a remark made by
aass
of Pathshire l§nfh (Tango) Tea g‰¿í« T¿dh®. Brill
dd
P
..Paa
the Duchess of Pathshire at a Tango tea. Just as the car
turned in at the Brill entrance gates the K.C. captured P
.. Paa
fjîfËš fh® EiHí« nghJ K.C mtiu gh®¤jh®.
ww ww mt® gÂahs®fË‹ Fz§fis gh®¤jh®.
wwww wwww
Sletherby’s attention by switching his remarks to the
personality of their hostess.
68
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
“Brilliant woman, level-headed, a clear thinker,
knows exactly when to take up an individual or a cause,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
“m¿th®ªj bg©, e‹whf nahá¥gt®. bjËthf
jÅegiu v§F V‰w nt©L« ïw¡f nt©L« vd
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
exactly when to let him or it drop. Influential woman, but
spoils herself and her chances by being too restless. No
aa a s
a aa
s
m¿ªjt®. bršth¡Fila bg©. Mdhš XŒÉšyhj
dd
ntiyahš mtis bfL¤J bfhŸ»whŸ. fod« VJ«
P
.. P
repose. Good appearance, too, till she made that idiotic
ww ww P
..P
ïšiy. ešy njh‰w« Tl,ï‹D« mªj fhÇa¤ij
wwww wwww
change.” brŒ»whŸ.”
“Change?” queried Sletherby, “what change?” “kh‰w«?” Sletherby bkhʪjh®,”v‹d kh‰w«?”
“What change? You don’t mean to say– Oh, of “v‹d kh‰w«? Ú brhšy njitÆšiy. X, ï¥nghJ
course, you’ve only known her just lately. She used to jh‹ mtis gh®¤âU¡»whŒ. mtŸ mH»a ml®ªj Brown
have beautiful dark brown hair, which went very well with
et
e t eet
her fresh complexion; then one day, about five weekst Ko bfh©ltŸ. mJ mtŸ Ãw¤â‰F bghUªâíŸsJ; xU
ehŸ, IªJ thu« fʤJ, všyhU¡F« m⮢á bfhL¤jh®.
lalai.iN
.N a i .iN
.N
ago, she electrified everybody by appearing as a brilliant
l l a l a
l i
a .iN
.N
mH»a kŠrŸ Ãw KoÆš (blonde)tªjh®. ïnjh
assaa aa aa
blonde. Quite ruined her looks. Here we are. I say, what’s
aass as
tªJÉ£nlh«. cd¡F v‹d MƉW? Ú§fŸ nehŒ
as
et
P P aadd
the matter with you? You look rather ill.”
PP dd
thŒ¥g£oU¡»Ö®fŸ.
aa
ww . . MáÇaiu¥ g‰¿ ww..
w(1870-1916)
w v‹gJ Æ‹ ïa®bga®. ït® ‘r»' v‹ww ww
.N
ww
bA¡l® Ïík‹nuh
j‹ vG¤J¡fS¡fhf it¤J¡bfh©lh®.
Saki
w
òid¥bgaiu
H.H.Munro
v‹w ï‹D« xU bgaiu¡
ai
bfh©l ït® xU ãǤjhÅa vG¤jhs®. ïtÇ‹ vG¤J¡fŸ, eif¢Ritahfî«, òâd«
Ãiwªjjhfî«, â»>£l¡ Toajhfî«, ï§»yhªJ eh£L mur® v£t® fhy¤J r_
eet t eet t
f¤ijí«, g©gh£ilí« »©lš brŒtjhfî« mikªâU¡F«. áWfij vGJtâš Äf¢
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
áwªjt®. ïtÇ‹ vG¤J¡fŸ O'Henry Æ‹ vG¤J¡fis x¥ãl¥g£ljhf ïU¡F«. ït®
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
rh®y°kh£ v‹gtUl‹ ïizªJ The Watched Pot v‹w ehlf¤ijí« vGâíŸsh®.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
1.
aadd aadd
Answer the following questions in about 30–50 words each: (Pg. No. 63)
P P P P
a.
w
w ..
Why did Philip Sletherby visit Brill Manor?
ww..
wwww wwww
Philip visited Brill Manor, the country residence of his newly achieved acquaintance,
ad
Mrs.Saltpen - Jago. ‘Honoria Saltpen - Jago in London, of considerable importance and influence in
the country of chalkshire.
b. How would Sletherby gain from his friendship with Honoria Saltpen–Jago?
t t
.P
ee t ee t
Philip had never met Honoria Saltpen - Jago. Though they had corresponded several times. His
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i
a.iN
.N
introduction to her was through political friends.
l l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
c.
a s
a s
Why did his travel companion curse and mutter?
dd a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
His travel companion in the train was a young man who was searching for something frantically. From
w
w w
time to time he dug a six penny bit out of waistcoat pocket and started at it ruefully. He recommenced the futile
w w
wwww wwww
searching operations. He took all the articles out, but none of these articles seemed to afford satisfaction. So
w
l a
l i
a .iN
e..N lal i
a.iN
.N
‘There was a tinge of coldness in hisvoice.’ Why?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s aa
s a ssaa
When Bertie explained that the saltpen crest was that of demi-lion, Sletherby pointed out to him that
aadd a add
a a
his mother’s letter head a greyhound courant crest. So there was a tinge of coldness in his voice.
f.
ww P
..P
Compare the two crests.
ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
One crest is a demi-lion holding a cross - crosslet in his paw. That is the saltpen crest. Another crest
is a greyhound courant. This is the Jago crest.
69
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
g.
.N l a
l i
a .iN
What was Sletherby’s response to Bertie’s request?
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
Bertie needed three pound desperately and asked sletherby to lend it to him but Philip had mistaken
l
assaa h.
aadd s
a aa
s
him a fraud and not yet fulfilled Bertie’s request.
a
What caught his attention about the car door?
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
w P
.. P ww P
..P
His eyes were fixed on the door panel, on which were displayed two crests, a greyhound courant and
w
i.
wwww wwww
a demi-lion holding in its paw a cross - crosslet.
Describe Honario Saltpen - Jago
Honario Saltpen - Jago is a brilliant woman, level headed a clear thinker, knows exactly when to take
up an individual or a cause, exactly when to let him or drop, she is an influential woman too.
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
j.
.N l a
l i
a .iN
Why did K.C’s words shock sletherby?
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
Sletherby sat dumbstruck on learning that Mrs. Honario Saltpen Jago had changed her dark brown
l
assaa saa
s
hair to a blonde just five weeks ago.
aa as
asaa
et
Paadd P Padd
a
2. Re - arrange the sentences given below and write a summary of the story in a paragraph.
P
(Pg. No. 63)
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
Begin with ........
Philip sletherby was travelling by train to Brill manor.
a. The young man introduced himself as Bertie, the son of Saltpen Jago. 2
ai
b. Bertie needed three pounds desperately and asked sletherby to lend it to him. 4
eet t eet t
c. All the time sletherby was gazing at the door panel of the car, on which were the two crests - a demi-
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
lion and a greyhound courant. 9
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
d. He was received by Claude people . K.C., who had kept on talking about various things. 8
a s
a s a s
a s
e. Bertie had left his purse behind, after sealing an envelope with the crest on the purse. 3
as
Paadd P Paadd
f. Bertie stated that it was the Jago crest. He further added that his mother’s hair was dark brown
P
w
similar to his. 7
w .. ww..
wwww wwww
g. While describing the appearance of Honario Saltpen - Jago, K.C. refferred to her altered hairstyle. 10
ad
h. Sletherby realized that Bertie had not lied to him but that he had mistaken him for a fraud. 12
i. He explained that the Saltpen crest was that of a demi-lion. 5
j. Sletherby sat dumbstruck on learning that Mrs. Honario Saltpen Jago had changed her dark brown
t t
.P
ee t
hair to a blonde, just five weeks ago. 11
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
k. Sletherby pointed out to him that his mother’s letter had a greyhound courant crest. 6
l. His companion in the train was a young man who was searching for something frantically.1
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
m. Suspecting foul play Sletherby did not give him any money, as he knew Mrs. Saltpen - Jago was a
blonde. 13
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
3.
w
w ww
Explain the following phrases selected from the story in your own words and work with
wwww wwww
a partner to make sentences using these phrases. (Pg. No. 64)
w
a. on approval
a) Stamps are sent to collectors on approval.
b. a rustic holiday
eet t e t t
b) To spend a rustic holiday my cousin came to my home town.
e
l a
l i
a .iN
.N c. a double - distilled idiot
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
c) Sorry to tell that you are a double distilled idiot.
d. a tinge of coldness a
dd s
a s ddaass
PPaa
d) He replied with tinge of coldness in his voice.
.. P
.. Paa
ww ww
wwww wwww
e. making up for lost time
e) Ravi made up for the lost time by working hard.
70
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
a) Describe the youth’s strange behaviour when he was in the train. l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
The youth was a man of about two and twenty, with dark hair fresh complexion and the blend of
dd
ww P
.. P ww P
smartness and discurray that marks the costume of a ‘nut’ who is bound on a rustic holiday .He was
..P
engaged in searching furiously and ineffectually for some elusive or non-existent object from time to
wwww wwww
time he dug a sixpenny bit out of a waist coat pocket and stared at it ruefully then recommenced a
futile searching operations. A cigarette- case and railway ticket were turned out on to the seat beside
him, but none of these article seemed to afford him satisfaction. He had left his purse – behind after
et t t t
scaling an envelope the crest on the purse. He needed three pounds desperately and asked Sletherby
e ee
lalai.iN
.N to lend it to him.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa b)
aasaa
s as
asaa
One has to be cautious and not be carried away by stories. How did Sletherby exhibit
et
caution?
PPaadd P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
Sletherby exhibited caution by asking about Bertie's crest. The man said that it is a demi-lion holding
wwww wwww
.N
a cross in its paw. He suspected that he was not the son of Mrs. Saltpen_Jago, Mrs.Saltpen wrote a
letter to him, giving a list of trains, He remembered that he had noticed a crest, which had a grey
hound courant on her note paper. He also asked him how his mother resembles. He answered that
ai
she was like him. She has the same dark brown hair. This incident arouses the suspicion of Sletherby,
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN al l a
l i
a .iN
as he had recently met his mother, who is a pronounced blonde.
.N .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
c) How did Sletherby’s judgement of Bertie turn out to be a wrong one?
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P P add P P add
Philip companion in the train was young man who was searching for something frantically. The young
a a
w
w .. ww..
man introduced himself as Bertie the son of Saltpen Jago. Bertie had left his purse behind after sealing
wwww wwww
an envelope with crest on the purse. Bertie needed three pounds desperately and asked Sletherby to
ad
lend it to him. He explained that the Saltpen crest was that of a demi-lion. Sletherby pointed out to
him that his mother’s letter had a greyhound courant crest. Bertie stated that it was the Jago crest.
He further added that his mother’s hair was dark brown similar to his. Philip had mistaken him for
t t
.P
ee t ee t
a fraud because he knew that Jago had a type of blonde hair. Sletherby sat dumbstruck on learning
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
that Mrs Honario Saltpen Jago had changed her dark brown hair to a blonde just five weeks ago.
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
Then he realized that his judgement of Bertie turned out to be a wrong one.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
d) As Sletherby, would you apologise to Bertie for your rude behaviour? Give reasons.
w
w
w ww
The world is full of different kinds of people. Some of them are really humble, sweet and nice
wwww wwww
whereas some happen to be abrupt, aggressive and rude. Of course, we all know that it is not easy
w
dealing with a rude individual, but unfortunately there are times that make us rude ourselves. Some
situations come up that compel you to get into rude streak and make you lose your temper. But,
t t t t
when you are in wrong side, you should have a mind set to ask apology immediately. In the story “
ee ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
shot in the dark” by Hector Munro. Bertie needed three pound desperately and asked Sletherby to
assaa aa aa
lend it to him. But he had mistaken Bertie for a fraud. He behaved rudely that he did not give three
a s
a s aass
pounds. But later, Philip realized that Bertie had not lied to him. If I were in such a situation of Philip,
dd dd
PPaa P Paa
I would ask apology to Bertie for my rude behaviour which hurted him lot.
.. ..
ww ww
wwww wwww
71
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
Paragraph for Toppers (gifted students):
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
e) Seeing is believing. How is this humorously disproved in this story? Bring out the irony
in the situation.
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
P Paa PPaa
Philip - travels - train - Brill Manor - meets Bertle - Secondson - Left purse - four quids - needs money
.. ..
ww ww
requests - Philip to lend him - two pounds - did not help - true son - mistaken for a fraud June 19
wwww
Introduction wwww
Sletherby's trip to Brill Manor
Philip's suspicion and regret
et
e t Moral
eet t
lalai.iN
.N Introduction:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa asaa
s as
asaa
H.M. Munro is better known by the pen name Saki. This is an amusing story that describes how a
a
et
PPaadd P Padd
man who considered himself smart and very observant finds that he had mistaken the genuine plea
a
of a stranded youth.
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
Sletherby's trip to Brill Manor.
Philip Sletherby desired to become a politician. He was travelling by train to Brill Manor to meet Mrs.
Saltpen. His companion in the train was a young man. The young man introduced himself as Bertie,
ai
the son of Mrs. Saltpen. Bertie had left his purse behind, after sealing an envelope with the crest on
eet t eet t
the purse. Bertie needed three pounds and asked Sletherby to lend it to him. He explained that the
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Saltpen crest(seal) was that of a demi-lion(half lion bearing a cross on the foot).
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
Philip's suspicion and regret:
a a a a
as
P P add P P add
Sletherby pointed out to him that his mother's letter had greyhound courant (running dog's) crest.
a a
w
w .. ww..
Bertie said that they use both the crests. He further added that his mother's hair was dark brown
wwww wwww
similar to his. Suspecting foul play, Sletherby did not give him any money, as he knew Mrs. Saltpen
ad
was a blonde (golden colour). He was received by Claude People K.C. who had kept on talking about
various things. All the time, Sletherby was gazing at the door panel of the car, on which there were
two crests. While describing the appearance of Hinario Saltpen-Jago, K.C. referred to her altered
hairstyle, just five weeks ago. Sletherby realized that Bertie had not lied to him, but that he had
t t
.P
ee t
mistaken him for a fraud. ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Moral: Think twice before making a decision
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
Story
w
w : A shot in the dark
ww
Author
wwww : Saki
wwww
w
eet t t t
Philip Sletherby travels by train to Brill Manor to meet Mrs. Saltpen Jago. She was his hostess. He
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
travelled with Bertie, the second son of Mrs. Saltpen. Bertie forgot his purse. So he asked Sletherby
to lend him three pounds. Sletherby agreed but later relented. Bertie used a demi lion crest. He said
assaa a s aa
s a ssaa
that his mother had dark brown hair. Sletherby didn’t believe his words. So he didn’t give him money.
aadd a add
a a
In Brill Manor he saw the crests in the car talked about by Bertie. Later he came to know that Mrs.
w P
..P ww P
.. P
Saltpen had changed her dark hair to a blonde just five weeks ago. He realised that Bertie did not lie
w
wwww
to him but he had mistaken him for a fraud.
wwww
Moral: Do not judge a book by it’s cover
72
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
Paragraph for Slow learners: (Late bloomers)
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Story
Author
:
:
aadd
Saki
s
a aa
s
A shot in the dark
a aa a
dd s
a aa
s
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
Philip Sletherby was travelling by train to Brill Manor to meet Mrs. Saltpen Jago.
wwww wwww
Mr. Saltpen Jago's son Bertie travelled with him.
Bertie asked Sletherby to lend him three pounds.
Bertie had left his purse.
Sletherby agreed to give him the money.
e
t
e t Bertie used a demi lion crest.
e et t
lalai.iN
.N
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
He explained that his mother had dark brown hair.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Philip thought he was a fraud and refused to help him.
aass
Later he came to know the truth
as
as
et
aaddjudge a person by appearance
He felt sorry for his mistake.
PP P Padd
a
ww.. Don't
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
*****
ai
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
wwww wwww
ad
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
w
w ww
wwww wwww
w
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
73
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
.iN
.N Unit ssaalalai.iN
.N .iN
.N
Prose
i i
3
lala l a
l a
assaa aa a
dd a aa a
dd s
a aa
s
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
wwww wwww
Forgetting - Robert Lynd
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa kw¤jš aas saa aa ssaa
et
PPa add P Padd
a
w w .. w w..
wwww wwww
.N
ghl¢ RU¡f«
ïªj f£LiuÆš uhg®£ È©£ kÅj®fËš cŸs kwâ¡fhd mo¥gil¡ fhuz§fis¥ g‰¿
bjËthf TW»wh®. eh« vij kwªJ ngh»nwh«, m¥go kwªJ nghtjhš V‰gL« ÉisîfŸ,
ai
V‹ kwªJngh»nwh« v‹W gyÉjkhd Édh¡fS¡F Éiliaí« jU»wh®. kw¤jiy¥ g‰¿
t t
bjËthf ï¡f£LiuÆš fh©ngh«.
ee ee t t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
ENGLISH
l a
l i
a .iN
.N jĜ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aassaaï¥nghJ
A list of articles lost by railway travellers and now
uÆÈš bršY« gaÂfŸ jtuÉ£l bghU£fis
aassaa
as
aadd m¿É¤jd®. mij thá¤j k¡fŸPPmt®fŸ
on sale at a great London station has been published,
P P
y©l‹ Ãiya¤âš ɉgid¡F
aa dd kwâ
cŸsjhf
w ..
and many people who read it have been astonished at
w
the absent-mindedness of their fellows. If statistical ww . . Étu¥go eh‹
wwww ww
kd¥gh§if Ãid¤J âif¤jd®. òŸË
wwÃidÉ‹
ad
ee t
remembers even telephone members. He remembers the
ee t e©gÇ‹ KftÇiaí« ÃidÉš it¤âU¥gh‹.
l a
l i
a .iN
vintages.
l a
l i
a.iN
addresses of his friends. He remembers the dates of good
.N .N a i
a.iN
Ãid¤J¥gh®¡»wh‹.
l l .N
gH§fhy¤âš elªj ešy Ãfœîfis Tl mt‹
assaa aa aa
w
dd s
a s
He remembers appointments for lunch and dinner.
a
His memory is crowded with the names of actors and a
dd s
a s
kâa czî k‰W« ïuî rh¥gh£o‰fhd F¿¥ig
mt‹ Phgf« it¤âU¥gh‹.mtdJ ÃidîfŸ eof®,
P
.. Paa
actresses and cricketers and footballers and murderers.
P
.. Paa
eoiffŸ, »Ç»bf£ åu®fŸ k‰W« fhšgªJ åu®fŸ
w
w
w
He can tell you what the weather was like in a long-past
ww k‰W« bfhŸisa®fŸ vd beÇryhf ïU¡F«. nfhil
wwww
August and the name of the provincial hotel at which
wwww fhy¤âš mt‹ e‹whf czî mUªâa ca®uf
w
he had a vile meal during the summer. In his ordinary nAh£liyí«, flªJ br‹w Mf°£ gUtÃiyí«
life, again, he remembers almost everything that he is mtdhš brhšy Koí«. mtdJ rhjhuz thœÉY«,
expected to remember. How many men in all London mt‹ vijbašyh« Ãidî Tw Ãid¡»whndh mij
forget a single item of their clothing when dressing in the mid¤ijí« Ãidî¥gL¤Jth‹. y©lÅš cŸs
eet t eet t
morning? Not one in a hundred. Perhaps not one in ten M©fŸ všnyhU« fhiyÆš Mil mÂí« nghJ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
thousand. How many of them forget to shut the front door
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
j§fË‹ MilfË‹ áW J©oid kw¥gJ©lh?
assaa aa aa
when leaving the house? Scarcely more. And so it goes ü‰¿š xUt® Tl ïšiy. V‹ MÆu¤âš xUt® Tl
a
dd s
a s
on through the day, almost everybody remembering to
aass
ïšiy. v¤jid ng® å£il É£L btËÆš bršY«
dd
..Paa
do the right things at the right moment till it is time to
P
go to bed, and then the ordinary man seldom forgets to P
.. Paa
nghJ å£o‹ K‹ fjit mil¡fhkš bršnth«. xU
ehŸ KGJ« m›thW ngh»nwh«, eh« gL¡if¡F
ww ww
wwww wwww
turn off the lights before going upstairs. bršY« tiu ekJ braiy bjËthf brŒ»nwh«.
Mdhš xU rhjhuz kÅj‹ nkš kho¡F brštj‰F
K‹ És¡Ffis miz¡f kw¡»wh‹.
74
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
There are, it must be admitted, some matters in
regard to which the memory works with less than its
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
áy neu¤âš eh« ekJ ÃidîfŸ rhjhuzkhf
assaa aa aa
brašgLtij Él FiwªJ brašgL«. xU KJÃiy
dd s
a s
usual perfection. It is only a very methodical man, I
a
imagine, who can always remember to take the medicine a s
a s
kÅj® kU¤Jt® mtU¡F gǪJiu brŒjij kwthkš
dd
P
.. Paa
his doctor has prescribed for him. This is the more
P
..Paa
vL¤J brš»wh® vd Ãid¡»nw‹. ïJ M¢rÇa«
ju¡Toa Éõa« jh‹. kUªJfŸ v‹gJ ïašghf
ww
surprising because medicine should be one of the easiest ww
wwww wwww
e« ÃidÉš ïU¡f¡Toait. ÉâÆ‹ mo¥gilÆš
things to remember. As a rule, it is supposed to be taken mit rh¥gh£o‰F K‹ mšyJ rh¥gh£o‰F ã‹ò
before during, or after meals and the meal itself should k‰W« czî v‹d v‹gJ Tl ÃidÉš ïU¡F«.
be a reminder of it. The fact remains, however, that few c©ik v‹dbt‹whš áy xG¡f mu¡f®fŸ
but the moral giants remember to take their medicine mt®fsJ kUªJfis Phgf« it¤âU¥gh®fŸ.áy
et
e t e et t
regularly. Certain psychologists tell us that we forget csÉayhs®fŸ e«Äl« TWtJ eh« kw¡f Ãid¡F«
lalai.iN l a
l i
a .iN
things because we wish to forget them, and it may be
.N .N
that it is because of their antipathy to pills and potions;
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Éõa¤ij kw¡»nwh«,VbdÅš mit ÄFªj
btW¥ghd kUªjhf ïU¡F«; kÅj®fŸ F¿¥ã£l
assaa aa aa
that many people fail to remember them at the appointed
aass ss
neu¤âš rh¥ãl kw¡»wh®fŸ.
aa
et
hours.
.N
them as those who take them most unwillingly. The very
ÉL»nwh«. òâa, gutyhf És«gu¥gL¤j¥gL«
prospect of a new and widely advertised cure-all delights
vd¡F Äfî« k»œ¢áaË¡»wJ.
me. Yet, even if I have the stuff in my pockets, I forget
igÆš it¤âUªjhY«, mij kwªJ, xU k neu«
ai
about it as soon as the hour approaches at which I ought fʤJ mij vL¤J rh¥ãLnt‹. kU¤JtÇ‹ bgh¡»õ«
to swallow it. Chemists make their fortunes out of the
eet t
medicines people forget to take.
eet t mtÇ‹ kUªij k¡fŸ kwªJ rh¥ãlhkš ïU¥gJ.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a i
a .
i N
. N
The commonest form of forgetfulness, I suppose,
l bghJthf eh‹ kwªJnghtjhf Ãid¥gJ foj«
l a
l i
a .
iN. N
assaa aa mD¥òtâny. bghJthf v‹id gh®¡f rªâ¡f a a
aas
occurs in the matter of posting letters. So common is it
s aass ( )
as
P aadd mD¥g brhšnt‹. foj¤ij bfhL¡F«
that I am always reluctant to trust a departing visitor to
post an important letter. So little do I rely on his memory
P P P ddv‹ ÛJ
tUgtÇl« ja¡f¤Jl‹ vdJ K¡»akhd foj¤ij
a a
K‹
w
w .. e«ã¡if tu it¥ng‹. v‹Ål«. .
that I put him on his oath before handing the letter to
ww foj¤ij mD¥g
wwww
him. As for myself, anyone who asks me to post a letter
brhšgt®fŸ
w
v‹id¥g‰¿
w ww m¿ahjt®fŸ.
KGJ«
ad
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
quite impossible to keep. I have an old-fashioned taste
for them, and I buy them frequently but no-sooner do I
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
it¤âU¥gJ el¡fToa fhÇa« mšy. giHafhy Mir
assaa aa aa
mj‹ nkš c©L, mo¡fo eh‹ mij th§Fnt‹.
dd s
a s
pay a visit to a friend’s house or go a journey in a train,
a
than another stick is on its way into the world of the aass
vdJ e©g‹ å£L¡F mšyJ xU uÆš gaz¤â‰F
dd
P
..Paa P
..
lost. I dare not carry an umbrella for fear of losing it. To
PaaãwF k‰bwh‹iw bjhiy¤JÉLnt‹. bjhiy¤J
ÉLnt‹ v‹w ga¤âš Fil vL¤J brštâšiy.
ww w
go through life without ever having lost an umbrella has
w
wwww wwww
thœÉš Filia eh‹ bjhiy¤jJ ïšiy- FŸskhd
even the grimmest-jawed umbrella-carrier ever achieved Filia Tl bjhiy¤jJ c©lh?
this?
75
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ww
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ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Few of us, however, have lost much property on our
travels through forgetfulness. The ordinary man arrives
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
e«Äš gy®, Phgf« kwâahš gy bghU£fis
assaa aa aa
gaz§fËš ïHªâU¡»nwh«. rhjhuz kÅj‹
a
dd s
a s
at his destination with all his bags and trunks safe. The
a s
a s
nrunt©oa ïl¤ij milí« nghJ j‹ igiaí«
dd
.. Paa
list of articles lost in trains during the year suggests that
P
it is the young rather than the adult who forget things, P
..Paa bghUis g¤âukhf bfh©L brš»wh‹. mªj M©oš
uÆÈš bghU£fis jtwÉ£lt®fË‹ g£oaÈš
ww ww
wwww wwww
and that sportsmen have worse memories than their bgU«ghyhndh® ïisP®fns. rhjhuz kÅjid
ordinary serious-minded fellows. A considerable number Él Éisah£L åuD¡F PhgfÄ‹ik mâfkhf
of footballs and cricket-bats, for instance, were forgotten. cŸsJ. »Ç¡bf£ ng£, fhšgªJ ngh‹w v©Âyl§fh
This is easy to understand, for boys, returning from the bghU£fns kw¡f¥g£LŸsd.bjËthf òǪJbfhŸs,
games, have their imaginations still filled with a vision of
et
e t eet t
the playing-field, and their heads are among the stars- or
M©fŸ Éisaho É£L åL âU«ò« nghJ Éisah£L
âlÈ‹ Ãidnt ïU¡F«- mt®fŸ jiyt®fŸ
lalai.iN
.N a i .iN
.N
their hearts in their boots - as they recall their exploits or
l l a l a
l i
a .iN
.N
e£r¤âu§fŸ k¤âÆY« - mt®fŸ áwªj braš k‰W«
assaa saa s aa
their errors. They are abstracted from the world outside
aa s aas
Fiwfis Ãid¤J gh®¥gh®fŸ. Ãid¡fToa tifÆš
et
PPaadd
them. Memories prevent them from remembering to do
such small prosaic things as take the ball or the bat with
PP aadd
cyf« mt®fS¡F btËna ïU¡F«. ÃidîfËš áy
kªjkhd brašfŸ mt®fSl‹ vL¤J bršy neÇL«.
ww..
them when they leave the train.
w w..
wwww ww
.N
Ûâ eh£fËš w
The same may be said, no doubt, of anglers who forget
w
For the rest of the day, they are citizens of dreamland.
mt®fŸ fdî cyf¤â‹
FoíÇik bfh©lt®fŸ. ïnjnghš, rªnjfÄ‹¿,
their fishing-rods. Anglers are generally said- I do not Û‹ão¥gt®fŸ ö©oiy kw¥gh®fŸ. bghJthf Û‹
ai
know with what justification- to be the most imaginative ão¥gtiu brhštJ vj‹ mo¥gilÆš Ãaha¥gL¤j
eet t eet t
of men, and the man who is inventing magnificent lies vd bjÇaÉšiy. kÅj®fËŸ mt®fŸjh‹
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
on the journey home after a day’s fishing is bound to be
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
f‰gidahs®fŸ, m«kÅj‹ òâjhf cUth¡F«
assaa aa aa
a little absent-minded in his behaviour. The fishing-rod f‰gidnahL mt‹ å£L¡F bršY«nghJ mJ
a s
a s
of reality is forgotten by him as he day-dreams over the
a s
a s
mt‹ Fz§fË‹ áW kwâkd¥gh§F j‹ikia
as
aadd
fears of the fishing-rod of Utopia. His loss of memory is
P P P Paadd
fh£L»wJ. vjh®¤jâš Û‹ ão¥gij mt® kwªJÉ£L
w .. ww..
really a tribute to the intensity of his enjoyment in thinking
w ãwF Û‹ão¥ig, m¢r¤ij Û¿ f‰gid brŒ»wh®.
wwww wwww
about his day’s sport. He may forget his fishing-rod, as Éisah£o‹ Ãidîfis kw¥gJ e‹ikjh‹.
ad
the poet may forget to post a letter, because his mind is mt‹ Û‹ão¥ig kw¡fyh«. xUfÉP‹ jdJ
filled with matter more glorious. Absent-mindedness of foj¤ij kw¡fyh«, VbdÅš mt® áªjid
this kind seems to me all but a virtue. The absent-minded K‰¿Y« bgUik¡FÇa Éõa§fŸ ÃiwªâU¡F«.
t t
.P
l a
l i
a .iN l a
l i
a.iN
therefore has no time to remember the mediocre. Who
.N .N
would have trusted Socrates or Coleridge to post a letter?
l a i
a.iN
.N
Fz«jh‹. kwâkd¥gh‹ik bfh©ltdJ thœ¡if
áwªjjhf ïU¡F«. rhjhuz Éõa§fŸ Ãidî¥gL¤j
l
assaa aa aa
w
and men with fallible memories have sometimes tried to kÅjÅ‹ jtwhd ÃidîfËš jh‹ áwªjt‹ vd
make out a case for their superiority. A man, they say, who njh‹W«. mid¤J« ÃidÉš it¤âU¡F« kÅj‹
is a perfect remembering machine is seldom a man of the ïaªâu«. mt‹ Kjš m¿thË vd kâ¡f¥gLth‹.
eet t eet t
first intelligence, and they quote various cases of children áy ïl§fËš FHªijfŸ k‰W« kÅjÇ‹
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
or men who had marvellous memories and who yet had
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
áwªj Ãidîfis ngr áwªjt‹ ïšiy. áwªj
assaa aa aa
no intellect to speak of. I imagine, however, that on the vG¤jhs®fŸ, ïir cUth¡Fgt®fŸ. bkh¤j¤âš
a
dd s
a s
whole the great writers and the great composers of music
ddaass
ÄFªj M‰wš bfh©l ÃidîfŸ bfh©lt®fŸ vd
..Paa
have been men with exceptional powers of memory. The
P P
.. Paa eh‹ Ãid¡»nw‹. ÃidîfŸ jh‹ mt®fŸ fiyÆ‹
ww
poets I have known have had better memories than the
ww ghâ rfh¥j«.
wwww wwww
stockbrokers I have known. Memory, indeed, is half the
substance of their art.
76
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
On the other hand, statesmen seem to have
extraordinarily bad memories. Let two statesmen
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
mL¤jjhf muáaš nkijfŸ K‰¿Y« nkhrkhd
assaa aa aa
Ãidth‰whš bfh©lt®fŸ. ïu©L muáaš
a
dd s
a s
attempt to recall the same event- what happened, for
a s
a s
nkijfis xnu braiy¥g‰¿ ngr brŒjhš v‹d
dd
.. Paa
example, at some Cabinet meeting- and each of them
P
will tell you that the other’s story is so inaccurate that P
..Paa
el¡F«. vL¤J¡fh£lhf mik¢ruit¡ T£l¤âš
x›bthUtU« k‰bwhUt® fijia c©ikahf
ww ww
wwww wwww
either he has a memory like a sieve or is an audacious
perverter of the truth. The frequency with which the facts
in the autobiographies and speeches of statesmen are
to¤J ijÇakhf ciu¥gh®fŸ. x›bthU muáaš
thâÆ‹ RaF¿¥ò k‰W« ng¢R bkhÊ rthš Ãiwªjjhf
ïU¡F« , ïªj cyf« ï‹D« áwªj muáaš
challenged, suggests that the world has not yet begun to thâia bfh©LtuÉšiy. xU áwªj fÉP‹ ÄFªj
et
e eet
produce ideal statesmen-men who, like great poets, have
t t Ãidth‰wš k‰W« ò¤âT®ik cŸstdhf ïU¡f
lalai.iN l a
l i
a .iN
the genius of memory and of intellect combined.
.N .N
At the same time, ordinarily good memory is so
nt©L«.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
mnj neu¤âš, áwªj Ãidth‰wš bfh©l
assaa saa
s
common that we regard a man who does not possess it
aa assaa
kÅjiu kâ¡f nt©L«. eh‹ xU m¥ghit m
a ¿ªjtiu
et
PPa dd
as eccentric. I have heard of a father who, having offered
a P Padd
amt® FHªijia FHªijfS¡fhd t©oÆš it¤J
ww..
to take the baby out in a perambulator, was tempted
w
w .. mâfhiyÆš bghJ ïl« (saloon bar) x‹W¡F Õ®
wwww wwww
.N
by the sunny morning to pause on his journey and mUªj br‹wh®. á¿J neu« fʤJ mtuJ kidÉ
slip into a public-house for a glass of beer. Leaving the mnj ïl¤â‰F bghU£fis th§f tªjh®. m§nf
perambulator outside, he disappeared through the door ö§»¡bfh©oU¡F« mt® FHªijia gh®¡»wh®.
ai
of the saloon bar. A little later, his wife had to do some fztÅ‹ brayhš nfhg« bfh©lh®. rÇahd ghl«
shopping which took her past the public-house, where to f‰ã¡f Ãid¤jhŸ. mt‹ mªj t©oia å£o‰F
eet t eet t
her horror, she discovered her sleeping baby. Indignant bfh©L br‹wh®. mt‹ btËna tªJ gh®¡F«nghJ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al a i .iN
.N
at her husband’s behaviour, she decided to teach him a
l l a l a
l i
a .iN
.N
t©o m§nf ïšiy.mt‹ å£o‰F br‹wh‹,
assaa s aa s aa
lesson. She wheeled away the perambulator, picturing to
a a s a a s
ftiyahd Kf¤JlD« eL§»a cjLfSlD«
as
P Paadd
herself his terror when he would come out and find the
baby gone. She arrived home, anticipating with angry
P Paadd
kidÉ K‹ ËW FHªijia âUoÉ£lh®fŸ vd¡
w
w ..
relish the white face and quivering lips that would soon
ww.. T¿dh‹. mtS¡F v¥go vÇ¢rš ïUªâU¡F«.
ïUªJ« kâa czÉ‹ áy neu¤â‰F K‹ò áǤJ«
wwww wwww
appear with the news that the baby had been stolen. What
ad
ee t e e t
the baby and the fact that he had taken it out with him. bg‰¿U¥gh®fŸ? v‹W Ãid¤J ehD« ga¥gL»nw‹.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
How many men below the rank of a philosopher would be
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
ò¤ârhȤjdkhf âwikahd ÃidîfSl‹ eh«
assaa aa aa
capable of such absent-mindedness as this? Most of us, ãwªâU¡»nwh«, m¥go ïšiy vÅš, vªj xU eåd
w
dda s
a s
I fear, are born with prosaically efficient memories. If it
a s
a s
efu¤âY« FL«g¤â‹ ÃWtd« cÆ®thH KoahJ.
dd
P
.. Pa a
were not so, the institution of the family could not survive
P
.. Paa
w
w
in any great modern city.
w ww
wwww MáÇa® F¿¥ò wwww
w
77
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
GLOSSARY . N l a
l i
a .iN
. N
assaa a adda s
a aa
s
TEXTUAL
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
S.NO WORDS
ww PP
TAMIL MEANING
. . âuh£ir SYNONYMS
ww P
..P ANTONYMS
wwww wwww
1. Vintage ca®jukhd Wine of high quality produced Non vintage/fresh
in a particular year
2. antipathy btW¥òz®¢á Strong dislike Admiration
3. fortunes bršt ts« Huge sums of money Misfortune
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
4.
.N
5.
reluctant ja¡f« fh£L»w
delinquent ÔbahG¡fKila l a
l i
a .iN
Unwilling
.N
a young person who is regularly l a
l i
a .iN
willing
.N
Honest/virtuous
assaa aasaa
s involved in wrong doing
as
asaa
et
J¢braš a
PP add P Padd
a
6. exploits
w w .. w
w ..
Daring or heroic acts, feats Inactive
wwww wwww
.N
7. abstracted ftd« ïšyhj Lacking concentration active
8. prosaic Äf rhjhuz dull fascinating
9. mediocre Not very good, ordinary Extraordinary
ai
rhjhuzkhd
10.
eet t fallible jtW brŒa¤j¡f
t t
Capable of making mistakes
ee
Perfect/reliable
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
11. sieve ršyil
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Strainer or filter
l a
l i .iN
.N
Anti sieve/receptacle
a
assaa s aa s aa
12. audacious Bold and daring Humble/meek
JL¡FÄ¡f
a a s a a s
as
13. eccentric
P Paa
mrhjuzkhddd P Paadd
Tending to act strangely / unusual Common/usual
14. indignant
w
w ..
ád« bfh©l
ww..
Being very angry / shocked Pleased
wwww wwww
ad
t t
.P
ee t ee t
ADDITIONAL TEXTUAL
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
S.NO WORDS l a
l
TAMIL MEANING i
a.iN
.N SYNONYMS l a
l i
a.iN
.N ANTONYMS
assaa aa aa
w
1. fundamental
ddaa
mo¥gilahdss Basic a
dd s
a s Advanced
P P
.kwâ
. aa P
.. Paa
w
e t
6.
e t vile btW¥ó£L»w
eet t
Bad, unpleasant Nice
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 7. scarcely mÇjhf
lal i
a.iN
.N Barely
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Commonly
assaa 8.
9.
seldom
perfection
a
mÇjhf
aadd s
a aa
s Notoften, rarely
completeness add
a aassaa Frequently
Flaw, imperfect
10. methodical ww P
..PFiwghl‰w
ww P
.. P
well organized Chaotic/disorganized
wwww wwww
e‹F â£lÄl¥g£l
11. devotee g¡j® supporter Antagonist/ enemy
78
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
12. delight k»œ¢á
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Pleasure
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Sorrow/pain
assaa s aa s aa
13. departing Leaving Arriving
dd a s
òw¥g£L¢brš
a a
dd a s
14. rely
P
.. Paa
rh®ªâU Trust
P
..Paa Distrust/doubt
15. weary
ww nrh®î‰w Tired
ww Energetic
16.
17.
wwww
unadventurous
embarrassing
ftdkhf
r§fl¥gL¤J»w
wwww
Careful Risky
Confusing / uncomfortable comfortable
18. guilt F‰wîz®î fault Innocence
et
e
19. t bound x‹iw cWâahf eet tdestined allowed
lalai.iN
.N brŒa¡Toa
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa 20. tribute
s
òfGiu
aa aa
s praise
as
asaa Criticism
et
21. intensity
PPaadd
m¢rîz®î anxiety
P Padd
a Inactivity
22. desirable ww.. ÉU«g¥gL»w w
w ..
attractive unattractive
wwww wwww
.N
23. superiority ca®jukhd predominance Inferiority
24. exceptional jÅ¢áw¥òila special / unusual Common
ai
25. inaccurate jtwhd defective Accurate
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
26.
27.
anticipating
relish
vâ®gh®¤âU¥gJ
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
awaiting / expect
fondness/enjoyment l a
l a .iN
Doubt
i .N
hatred
assaa aa aa
bgU k»œ¢á
aass a s
a s
as
Pa dd
a P Paadd
1. Based on your understanding of the essay, answer the following questions in one or two
P
sentences each.
w w . . 70)
(Pg. No.
ww..
wwww
a. What does Lynd actually wonder at?
wwww
ad
Lynd actually wonders at the efficiency of human memory which remembers many things.
b. Name a few things that a person remembers easily. QY & HY 2018
t t
.P
ee t ee t
A person remembers telephone numbers, addresses of his friends, dates of good vintages,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a.iN
appointments for lunch and dinner etc.
i .N
c. How do psychologists interpret forgetfulness? QY - 2019 l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a s
a s a s
a s
Psychologists tell us that people forget things because they wish to forget them.
dd dd
P
.. aa P aa
d. What is the commonest type of forgetfulness, according to Lynd?
P .. P
w
w
w ww
According to Lynd the commonest type of forgetfulness occurs in the matter of posting letters.
e. wwww wwww
What does the author mean when he says the letter in his pocket leads an
w
unadventurous life ?
The letter in his pocket leads an unadventurous life as it is kept safe inside his pocket for a long
eet t
time without him remembering about it .
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal a.iN
.N
f. What are the articles the writer forgets most often?
i
The writer forgets books, umbrellas and walking sticks most often. l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a
dd s
a aa
s
g. Who are the citizens of dreamland ? Why?
aa add
a aassaa
ww P
..P ww
mind is still filled with the imagination of playing.
P
.. P
Sportsmen are the citizens of dreamland because even after returning from their games their
wwww wwww
79
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN l a
l i
a .iN
h. What is common about the ‘angler’ and the ‘poet’?
.N .N l a i
a .iN
.N
The angler forgets his fishing rod and the poet forgets to post a letter just because their mind is
l
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
filled with glorious matter.
aa a
dd a aa a
dd a
2. Based on your reading, answer the following questions in two to four sentences each:
(Pg.No. 71)
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
wwww wwww
a. What made people wonder about the absentmindedness of their fellow beings?
The people wondered about the list of articles published for sale which were lost by railway
travellers.
b. What are our memories filled with? HY - 2019
t t t t
Our memories are filled with the names of actors and actresses, cricketers, footballers and
ee ee
lalai.iN
.N murderers.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a
c. When does human memory work with less than its usual capacity? GMQ
.iN
.N
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa
Human memory work with less than its usual capacity when we forget things as we wish to forget
et
aadd
them and when we have antipathy towards something.
PP P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
d. Why, according to Lynd should taking medicines be one of the easiest actions to
wwww wwww
.N
remember?
Taking medicines is one of the easiest actions to remember as it should be taken before, during
or after meals. The meal itself is a reminder of it.
ai
e. How do the chemists make fortunes out of the medicines people forget to take?
e
et t eet t March 2019
l a
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.N al l a
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.N l a
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The medicine which is kept for long without swallowing may soon become expiry and cannot be
assaa aa aa
used anymore. Thus chemists make fortunes out of the medicines people forget to take.
a s
a s a s
a s
f. The list of articles lost in trains suggest that sportsmen have worse memories than
as
Paadd P Paadd
their ordinary serious- minded fellows. Why does Lynd say this?
P
w
w .. ww..
Sportsmen have worse memories as when they return from the game they have their imagination
wwww wwww
still filled with a vision of the playing field. They are abstracted from the world outside them and
ad
ee t ee t
because his mind is filled with glorious matter.
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h. Narrate the plight of the baby on its day out.
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The baby taken out by its father was left outside a public house just as the father slipped in for a
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s s a s s
glass of beer. His wife who came for shopping saw the baby and took it home deciding to teach
a dd a
P
.. Pa P
.. Pa
a lesson to her husband. To her surprise the husband came forgetting all about the baby.
a a
w
i. What made people wonder about the absent mindedness of their fellow beings? or
w
w ww
wwww wwww
i. What does the list of articles lost in trains suggest Sep 2020
w
The list of articles lost in the train tells that sportsmen have worse memories. They forget to take
their footballs and cricket bats, when they leave the train. Because their imaginations are filled
with a vision of the playing field.
3.
eet t t t
Answer the following in a paragraph of about 100-150 words each. (Pg.No. 71)
ee
l a
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a .iN
a)
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
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.N
You have borrowed a branded cricket bat from your reluctant friend for an outstation
match. After returning home you realize you have absent – mindedly left it in the hotel
assaa aa a s
a aa
s
aa aassaa
room. Write a letter of apology and regret to your friend. HY - 2019
dd dd 822, Old Peter Road,
ww P
..P ww P
.. P Trichy.
wwww
Dear Akshay,
wwww
Hope this letter of mine would find you in the best of health. First of all I thank you very much for
80
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i
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.N
lending me your branded cricket bat for my match in Chennai. Though you were reluctant at first,
you were kind enough to lend it to me later. I really played well with that bat and scored the highest
l
assaa dd s
a aa
s a
dd s
a aa
s
run rate. Truly it is the luckiest bat. After the match I kept it safe in the hotel room where, I stayed.
a
Because of my weariness, I had a sound sleep that day and was in a hurry to catch my train for
aa aa
P
.. P P
..P
the return journey. In that hurry I forgot to take your bat. Only after reaching Trichy I realized that
ww ww
I absent mindedly left your bat in the hotel room itself. I truly regret for the mistake committed by
wwww wwww
me and beg your pardon. I know pretty well that it is your precious bat. I am also aware of the fact
that you won’t forgive me easily for my action. I have made arrangements to bring back the bat here
which may take some time. Kindly bear the inconvenience prevailed and try to forgive me.
With lots of regret, Yours affectionately,
et
e t eet t Arun.
lalai.iN
.N l a
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.N l a
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assaa aa aa
b) Kahlil Gibran states ‘Forgetfulness is a form of freedom’ Write an article for your school
aass as
as
magazine, linking your ideas logically and giving appropriate examples.
et
Paadd P Padd
a
“Forgetfulness is a form of freedom”. To a greater extend this statement is true. Forgetting is the
P
ww.. w ..
apparent loss of information already encoded and stored in an individual’s long term memory. It is
w
wwww wwww
.N
a gradual process in which old memories are unable to be recalled from memory storage. There is
no use crowding all activities in our mind for ever. This may naturally lead to many health hazards.
On the other hand a person with forgetfulness leads a peaceful life because he lives for the present
ai
moment without any botheration about the past. Scientists, poets, philosophers and creative people
e t t t t
are most notorious for their absent minded ways. Several anectodes revolve around Albert Einstein
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and Sir Isaac Newton due to their scattered, forgetful ways. Einstein once called the university he
al i i
worked at to ask for his own address as he had forgotten it. Persian Poet Sumi says, “Mindlessness
assaa s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
help you unite with the divine.” So there is nothing wrong being forgetful. Far from being is negative,
a
as
P Paadd
it is a desirable state that not everyone can aspire to.
P Paadd
c) w
w .. ww..
Will you sympathise or ridicule someone who is intensely forgetful? Write an essay
wwww
justifying your point of view.
wwww
ad
It is a general fact that all human beings are absent minded at times. I really sympathise with the
person who is intensely forgetful. His extreme level of forgetfulness reveals that he is a creative
person and a genius. We have heard of great Scientists who are often forgetful. A person becomes
t t
.P
ee t ee t
absent minded based on two facts. One is when his mind is completely filled with stressful thoughts.
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Other reason is, he may be a creative person whose mind is always thinking of creating something
assaa aa aa
new and forgets the present. Whatever be the reason there is no use ridiculing at them. On the other
w
a s
a s a s
a s
hand we can help or guide them to note down important information in their diaries so that they
dd dd
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
can see to it when they forget something. In Kahlil Gibran’s point of view “Forgetfulness is a form of
w
w
w ww
freedom”. So it can be rightly concluded that those who enjoy that freedom are really blessed.
wwww
Paragraph for Toppers (gifted students): wwww
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1. What are the observations of Robert Lynd on the capacity of humans to remember and
forget things? OR Write a short note on “Absent - mindedness” with reference to the
e t t t t
essay on ‘Forgetting’ by Robert Lynd OR What does Robert Lynd try to convey inhis
e ee
l a
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.N essay on ‘Forgetting’. March 2019
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
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.N
assaa aa aa
Plan of the paragraph:
a
dd s
a s Introduction
ddaass
P
..Paa Forgetting P
.. Paa
ww ww
wwww wwww
Who forget the most
Moral
81
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iNIntroduction:
.N l a
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Robert Wilson Lynd is a very humorous and delightful essayist of the 20th century. In this essay
l a
assaa aa aa
‘Forgetting’, Robert Lynd writes about the root causes and effects of forgetting. He wonders at the
a s
a s
efficiency and inefficiency of the human memory.
dd a
dd s
a s
Forgetting:
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
ww ww
Robert Lynd wonders at the human memory power. It can remember several things. He analysed the
wwww wwww
reasons for forgetfulness. Man forgets to take medicines regularly, post letters in time and collect
things before leaving a train. He attributes the forgetting to three main reasons. Strong dislikes, lack
of interest and living in their dreamland.
Who forgets the most:
We find it in sports people always. People with great memory needn’t always be a great intellect. The
et
e t eet t
absent minded man in making the best out of his life. Great writers had exceptional ends of memory.
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Their memories are true to remember only facts that ensure their safety. He ends with an anecdote
assaa aa aa
of a forgetful husband. He takes his baby out in a perambulator. He returns home empty handed. He
aass
forgets that he had taken the baby out..
as
as
et
Conclusion:
PPaadd P Padd
a
ww.. w
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Lynd remarks that very few men below the rank of a philosopher would be capable of such absent
wwww wwww
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mindedness as this man in the story.
Paragraph for Average students:
ai
Prose Forgetting
eet t
Author
t t
Robert Lynd
ee
l a
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.N Theme
al l a
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.N
Forgetting is also a blessing
l a
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.N
assaa s aa s aa
Robert Lynd wonders at the efficiency and inefficiency of the human memory. Man remembers everything
a a s a a s
as
Paadd P Paadd
for example he remembers phone numbers, addresses, appointments names of actor, actresses, and
sportsmen. The young forgets more than the adult. Sportsman and anglers have worse memories.
P
w
w .. w ..
Forgetting takes place when there is a strong dislike or lack of interest. People forget to take medicines,
w
wwww wwww
to post letters. Forget books, walking sticks, umbrellas, in a train journey because his mind is filled with
ad
glorious matter. Boys returning from games forget their balls and bats as they are engrossed either in
their success or failure. People with great memory needn’t always be a great intellect. Great writers
and music composers have exceptional powers of memory. Their memories are to remember only
facts that makes their safety. A forgetful husband takes his baby out in a perambulator. He returns
t t
.P
ee t e e t
home without the baby. Psychologists says that people forget things because they wish to forget
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.N
memories to be proud of.
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l ai.iN
.N l a
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a.iN
.N
them. Forgetting becomes serious when people around suffer due to it. Otherwise all have efficient
dd a as s
Forgetfulness
a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa
Paragraph for Slow learners: (Late bloomers)
P
.. Paa
w
w
w ww
wwww wwww
Prose Forgetting
w
assaa aa a s
a aa
s
balls and bats in a train journey.
dd
Great writers and music composers had excellent memories.
add
a aassaa
P
..P
Statesmen always remembers everything.
w
w ww P
.. P
wwww Forgetting is a form of freedom wwww
Psychologists says that people forget things because they wish to forget them.
82
eet t eet t
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
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VOCABULARY (Text Book Pg. 71)
i l a
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.N
assaa aa aa
A. Homonyms and Heteronyms : (For rules see Text Book Pg. 71)
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
Complete the sentences by choosing a suitable word from those given in the brackets.
i) P
.. Paa P
..Paa
Nobody can say ________ there will be an improvement in the _______ (whether / weather)
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ii) wwww wwww
Your ring is _______. Do not _______ it (loose / lose)
Ans: whether / weather
Ans: loose / lose
iii) We found a _______ of biscuits in the old man’s shirt _______ (pocket / packet)
Ans: packet / pocket
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
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iv) When the pole vaulter cleared 28 _______, it was declared a record _______ (feet / feat)
Ans: feet / feat
assaa v)
aasaa
s as
asaa
Explain the _______ ‘Cut your _______ according to your cloth’. (coat / quote)
et
PPaadd P Padd
a Ans: quote / coat
ww.. w
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vi) The stranger _______ for a few minutes before he _______ my house (paused / passed)
wwww wwww
.N
Ans: paused / passed
vii) The _______ dancer turned _______ after the final performance (weary / wiry)
Ans: wiry / weary
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viii) The chain that I presented to my sister was not made of gold; it was just _______ I am suffering
eet t
from a sense of _______ (guilt / gilt) eet t Ans: gilt / guilt
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
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a .iN
.N l a
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.N
Form meaningful sentences using the given words to bring out at least two different
assaa meanings.
a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
1. train 2. tear
P Paadd
3. wind 4. light 5. file
P Paadd 6. bear
1. Train w
w .. ww..
wwww
4. Light
wwww
ad
The train started at 7.30 pm. (n) The light is bright. (n)
The coach trained the players well. (v) The birds have light feathers. (Adjective)
2. Tear 5. File
t t
.P
l a
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a .iN
.N She tears the papers. (v)
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
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a.iN
.N
I bought a file. (n)
assaa aa aa
w
3. Wind 6. Bear
a
dd s
a s
Gentle wind blew through the valley. (n) a
dd s
a s
I saw a big bear. (n)
P
.. Paa
He wind up and left the place. (v)
P
.. Paa She bears the pain. (v)
w
w
w ww
wwww wwww
B. Clipped words (For rules and examples see Text Book Pg. No. 72)
w
l a
l
photo i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Microphone
Cafeteria
add
a aassaa
mike
cafe
ww P
..P Gasoline
ww P
.. P gas
wwww Helicopter
wwww copter
83
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N Telephone
l a
l i
a
University
.iN
.N phone
l
varsity a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a s
a aa
s
Memorandum
dd Influenza aa a s
a
memo
dd
aa
s
flu
ww P
.. P Hippopotamus
ww P
..P hippo
wwww Bridegroom
Fanatic wwww groom
fan
Demonstration demo
Perambulator pram
et
e t Refrigerator
eet t fridge
lalai.iN
.N
C. Definition of the terms (Pg.No. 73)
l a
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.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa asaa
s as
asaa
Now, refer to a dictionary and match the professions with their relevant job descriptions.
a
et
S.No
PPa
Aadd P Padd
a B
1. pathologistww.. a w
w ..
Studies languages and their structure -7
wwww wwww
.N
2. ornithologist b Studies atmosphere weather and climate- 10
3. entomologist c studies the matter that constitutes the Earth -6
ai
4. archaeologist d studies earthquakes -8
eet
5.t sociologist e
eet
studies t reptiles and amphibians -9
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 6. geologist al lf
a
l i
a .iN
.N
studies i .iN
.N
functioning of human society -5
l a
l a
assaa 7. linguist
a s
a aa
s g studies
s aa
s
artefacts and physical remains -4
a a
as
8. seismologist
P Paadd h studies birds -2
P Paadd
9. herpetologist
w
w .. i studies ..
insects -3
ww
10.
wwww
meteorologist j studies
wwww
diseases -1
ad
11. psychologist k one who studies the human mind and behaviour
Fill in the blanks choosing the words from the box. Refer to a dictionary if required. One has
t t
.P
ee t
been done for you. (Pg.No. 73)
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
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a.iN
.N
[thespian, sadist, polyglot, ambidextrous, philanthropist, misanthrope, bibliophile,
assaa aa aa
nonagenarian, teetotaller, globetrotter, optimist]
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
e.g. My brother buys a load of books at the book fair every year. He is a great lover of books and has
P Paa
a huge collection at home. He is a bibliophile.
.. P
.. Paa
w
i. w
w ww
Peter always refuses alcohol, when it is offered to him at parties and takes a softdrink instead. He
wwww wwww
says he always has abstained and will always abstain from alcohol as it is a matter of principle for
w
assaa aa
we call her a globetrotter.
a s
a aa
s
aa aassaa
iv. The Chair person of our company keeps travelling all over the world to attend conferences and
dd dd
v.
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
Antony has the amazing ability to use both his hands, equally well. He can write,draw and
wwww wwww
perform various other tasks with equal speed and efficiency with his left as well as his right hand.
Antony is ambidextrous.
84
eet t eet t
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i
a .iN
vi. Due to some disturbing incidents in her childhood, Neetu grew into a reclusive adult. She tends to
.Nkeep aloof and avoids all kinds of social activities. Neetu is a misanthrope.
l .N
assaa aa a s
a aa
s
aa a s
a aa
s
vii. Tharini acts as interpreter at meetings between statesmen from different countries. She is also a
dd dd
muchsought-after tour guide, as she is well-versed and fluent in multiple languages.Tharini is
a polyglot.
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
wwww wwww
viii. My grandparents are in their nineties.I am glad that this nonagenarian couple are active,
cheerful and in good health.
ix. Richard Burton was a gifted theatre artist. He donned several roles with ease and is especially
famous for the Shakespearean parts he played on stage. Mr. Burton is a born thespian.
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N
x.
l a
l a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
The Chairman of this concern seems to derive pleasure from inflicting pain on others.He
i i
humiliates and hurts his subordinates for no reason. He is a real sadist.
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa
et
PP add P P dd
D Find the antonyms of the following words in the puzzle and shade them with a pencil.
a aa
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The first one has been done for you. (Pg.No. 74)
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
Seldom, admitted, methodical, reality, virtue, vile, indignant, relish, fact
Spot the word
ai
Y V P I N X T F I Y L M I J I G D W K R
eet t eet t
.iN .iN .iN
H O X J W F K R L W I A Q M Z Y H H M X
l a
l i
a .N F A al
N T A
l a
l i
aS .N
Y R E J S R D
l a
l i
a
M C .N Q E S N C
assaa T M C
aX
s
a aa
sA U E E Y L H
aA
s
a aa
sT E E P D E F F
as
O H
P Pa
Z
addV C D T Q V J
P Pa
A
addF I N A E E D Q N
U
w
w ..
F H C R L D D X
ww..
D O O G N F N N G C G
wwww
L B I O R O F M G
wwww Q A E X I
ad
N Z I A F D
V L S C O N F C L T Q H E E M Y E L M T
R I U G T O N O P T M D W C Q J D E G C
t t
.P
ee t D K L Y Z I L
ee t
D L H Q G Q I D L E G T O
l a
l i
a .iN
.N E F D L R
l a
l i
a.iN
T
.NO D E K B V M V
l a
l i
a.iN
.NA S P H M V
assaa aa aa
L N X T M C C N A E V I R R A F R W S F
w
I X M N
a
dd s
a sH I H F S E N
a
dd s
a
C s L J P A K R O P
G
P
M N
.. Paa E X F C A C
P
K
.. Paa
Y S F G U O T J Y N
w
H
w
w M P U X P Q I D
ww K C Q J I Q F C F G U
wwww
T O A Q J H V D
wwww
Q Z R D I F N T X O I I
w
E W P E L X Q N J E X S Y B K E W A W O
D I N R B U M Z H U V H V D J N X O D G
eet t U C H A P H
eA
et tZ A R D D I A V Q N I F S
l a
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.N W W D N W X
lal i
a.iN
.N J D K L I O
l
L
a
l i
a .iN
Q
.N H H Q D X U
85
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
LISTENING ACTIVITY
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
A. First, read the incomplete sentences given below. Listen to two interesting anecdotes
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
about two scientists that your teacher will read aloud or play on the recorder. Then,
P Paa PPaa
based on your understanding, complete the sentences suitably. (Pg.No. 75)
.. ..
i. ww
Edison travelled to New Jersey by train ww
wwww wwww
ii. The station master enquired Edison if he had left anything behind
iii. Edison raced back to the car, when he saw his bride staring from a window.
iv. Albert Einstein was working in Princeton University.
t t t t
v. One day, When he was going back home, he forgot his home address
ee ee
lalai.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
vi. Einstein asked the cab driver if he knew Einsteins home.
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
vii. The driver was so good that he refused to charge Einstein.
aass as
as
et
PPaadd READING
P Padd
a
A.
ww.. w
w ..
Answer the following questions in a sentence or two. (Pg.No. 77)
wwww wwww
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i) How was Jeeno different from other robots?
ii) What precaution should one take while writing science fiction stories?
ai
iii) What inspired Sujatha’s themes?
iv)
eet t t t
Why were Sujatha’s sci-fi stories impressive?
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Answer:-
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
i) Jeeno was an all rounder who could cook, clean and fight. He plays an important role throughout the
a s
a s a s
a s
as
story.
P Paadd P Paadd
ii)
w
w .. ww..
The story should draw some parallels from the emotions and desires of the present human kind.
iii)
wwww wwww
Sujatha had his inspiration from Mary shelly’s Frankenstein. His stories had inspired his readers to
ad
B. ee t ee t
Find words from the passage which mean the same as the following.
l a
l i
a .iN
i).N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
difficult to believe (para 1) - incredible
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
ii)
a s s a s s
a style or category of art, music or literature (para2) - genre
dd a dd a
iii)
P
.. Paa
having many sides (para 4) - multifaceted
P
.. Paa
w
iv)
w
w w
capable of being understood (para 5) - fathomable.
w
wwww wwww
w
GRAMMAR
(Pg.No. 77, 78) Passivisation
We use the active form to say what the subject does.
eet t
For example- I speak English everyday.
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
We use the passive form to say what happens to people and things - to say what is done to them. For
assaa ssaa s aa
s
example-English is spoken by me everyday.
aa a a
ddbrŒÉid th¡»a« braiy brŒgtU¡F K ¡»a¤Jt«
aa daa
djU»wJ.
A sentence in ‘Active Voice’ gives more importance to the ‘agent/ doer of action, A sentence in passive
P P
. .brŒa¥g£l braY¡F K¡»a¤Jt« jU»wJ. xU tifia
voice gives importance to ‘action done’
ww w w P P
. .ï‹bdh‹whf
www w
Mdhš, brŒa¥gh£L th¡»a«
kh‰W«nghJ ‘tense’ khw¡fTlhJ. wwww
86
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
www
iii) Ground level ozone and fine
w wwww
while writing reports and scientific
ww
particles are released in the air.
www.Padasalai.Net
ww
research papers
www.CBSEtips.in
iv) Smog is formed purely by air
Loyola pollution. EC 11th English
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N Active Subject l a
l i
a .iN
Active Verb.N Active Object
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
aa dd aassaa
w w P
.. P ww ..P P
ww
Passive
ww
Subject Passive Verb wwwwPassive Object
A. Identify
ACTIVE the changes
& PASSIVE VOICE in (Pg.
these
No.pairs
78) of 4. C.First
Make sentences
passenger using
train/ the passive
inaugurated/ India/1853
e et t
active and
A. Identify thepassive
changesconstructions. ee
forms
in these pairs of 5. India t tof the Setup/
Airlines/ verbs. 1953
lalai.iN
.N active and passive constructions.
1. The pilot flew the airplane to Bengaluru.la
l i
a .iN
.1.NTagore/ award/ Nobel prize/
Answer
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s saa ssaa
1. The pilot flew the airplane to Bengaluru. 1. Tagore was awarded Nobel prize.
aa aa
et
P P add
The airplane was flown to Bengaluru
Ans: The airplane was flown to Bengaluru by
a 2. IIM Ahmedabad /
a
establish
P P add
2. IIM Ahmedabad was established in 1961.
/1961
by the pilot.
the pilot.
w w .. w
3. Chattisgarh/ form w ..
3. Chattisgarh was formed in 2000.
/ 2000
www weaten by the monkey. 4. First passenger wwwwtrain /inaugurated /
.N
2. The bananas were eaten by the monkey. 4. The First passenger train was inaugurated in
2. Th e bananas were India in 1853.
Ans: The monkeys ate the bananas.
The monkeys ate the bananas. 5. The India
Indian/1853
Airlines was setup in 1953.
ai
B. Change the voice of the following
t t
B.sentences.
ee Change the voice of the following
e
D.
e t
5. Indian Expand of Headlines: (Pg.No. 78)
t Airlines /set up / 1953
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
1. Mohammed
al
sentences.follows the rules.
l a
l i
a .D.iN
.N Look at the newspaper items given below.
Look at the newspaper items given
Use the information in the headlines to
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa 1. Mohammed follows the rules.ass aa below. Use the information in aathessaa
2. Mohan has completed the course.
a complete the sentence.
as
3.
aa dcourse.
d
Magdalene is singing the prayer.
P P headlines to complete the sentence.
1. Heavy Rains Lash Chennai.
P Paadd
4.
w ..
2. Mohan has completed
w the
Who wrote this complaint? Chennai Oct-25. ww . .
5.
www
3. Magdalene isw
singing the prayer. 1. HEAVY RAINSw
w w w CHENNAI
LASH
ad
May God bless you with happiness ! The torrential rain came close to breaking an
6. A4.house ........................... threw normal life out
almost 100 year - old record for the city, and
Whoiswrote
being this
constructed by them.
complaint? threw normal life out of gear.
7. Let the door not be slammed. of gear.
5. May God bless you with happiness!
t t
.P
8.
N ee t
The team was trained by the coach.
e
2. NEET
N
2.
e t Neet classes to begin on Sept 20th
CLASSES TO BEGIN ON
l a
l i
a .
i . N6.
AnswerA house is being constructed by them.
l a
l i
a.i N
.SEPT. 20 Chennai: Sept-15;
TH
The centre co-ordinator informed the
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa The Centre co-ordinator informedatheassaa
w
a thed
a aa
dcoach.
2. The course has been completed by Mohan. on Sept 20th 2020.
a a
candidates ........................ Sept. d20d.
th
8. Th e team was trainedP
.. P
by
..P P
w
w w
3. The prayer is being sung by Magdalene. 3.
w w
12 injured as buses collide.
wwww
4. By whom was this complaint written? 78 wwww
Madurai: June 4
w
5. May you be blessed by God with happiness. About 12 persons were injured in the bus
6. They are constructing a house. collision at the Dindigul busterminus here
today.
7. Don’t slam the door.
eet t eet t E. Expand the following news headlines in a
.iN
.N .iN
.N .iN
.N
03-A-Prose-FORGETTING.indd 78 05-03-2018 19:24:35
8. The coach trained the team.
l a
l i
a lal i
a l a i
a
sentence each. (Pg. No. 79)
l
assaa aa aa
C. Make sentences using the passive forms
of the verbs. a
dd s
a s 1.
ddaass
Municipal elections in December.
P
..Paa
1. Tagore/ award/ Nobel prize/ P
.. Paa Chennai – March 21;
Municipal elections will be held in Tamil Nadu
ww ww
wwww wwww
2. IIM Ahmedabad/ establish/ 1961 on 10th December 2017 to elect mayors
3. Chattisgarh/ form/ 2000 throughout Tamil Nadu.
87
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
2.
.N Chennai - Nov 14
l a
l i
a .iN
Telephone customers to get video phone
.N l a
l i
a .iN
(ii) Butter, sugar, salt, water and vannila are added
.N
and the ingredients are beaten using a whisk.
assaa aadd s
a aa
s
BSNL will offer a New Year Bonanza to its
a
customers on 16 November 2018 by providing
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
(iii) Then eggs are added and the batter is beaten
until it is smooth.
P
.. P
them with video phone.
ww P
..P
(iv) The batter is then transferred into the baking
ww
3.
wwww
Card license to replace paper driving
license.
wwww tin.
(v) The pressure cooker, covered with the lid but
Chennai - Aug 20 without the pressure is heated for 3-4 minutes
All paper driving license will be replaced by on high heat. Then, the cake tin is placed in
et
e t ee
card license, says the Regional Transportt t the empty cooker (water should not be added
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
Authority on Monday, 20 August 2018. .N l a
l i
a .iN
in the cooker).
.N
assaa aa aa
(vi) Lid is closed (without the pressure) the flame
4.
aass
ATMs without security guard to close
as
as
et
Chennai - 14 oct
PPaadd P Padd
is lowered and it is let to cook for about 30
a
minutes.
ww..
The Government has announced on 15 October
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
2017 that ATM centres without security guards 3. Write the process of wrapping a christmas
will be closed within a month time. gift in a paragraph in passive form, with
the help of the pictures given below.
ai
F. Describing a process. (Pg. No. 79) (For pictures see Pg.No. 80)
eet t
(For example see Text book Pg No. 79)
eet t 1.
Gift should be placed in a rectangular box
l a
l i
a .iN
1..N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Complete the passage by filling the blanks i .iN
.N
to make it easier to wrap the oddly- shaped
l a
l a
assaa aa aa
with the passive forms of the verbs. items.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P aadd
The water should be boiled in a vessel. Then
tea leaves and milk are added / should be
P P Paadd
2. Amount of paper needed should be measured.
w
w ..
added to the water. The vessel is covered with
ww..
Gift paper must be placed on the box, loose
wwww
a lid. The tea is filtered and poured into the
wwww end should be wrapped up and a cut is made.
ad
cups. Sugar is added and stirred. The tea is 3. The gift paper face is placed down and centred
served hot. on the box. Let the first edge be brought up
2. Here is a recipe to make a chocolate and taped in place into box and then the other
t t
.P
ee t e
cake in a pressure cooker. Rewrite the
e t side is brought up and taped in place.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
instructions in the passive voice. The
l a i.iN
.N
4. The sides are folded in against the edges of
l a
assaa aa aa
first one has been done for you.
w
a
dd s
a s
Rewrite in passive voice: (Pg.No. 79) a
dd s
a s
the box and the diagonal flaps which have
been created by you should be creased.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N ¾¾1/4 cup water
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Subject and Verb Agreement (concord)
assaa aa aa
¾¾2 eggs
a
dd s
a s
¾¾1/2 tsp vanilla essence
ddaass
(For rules see Text Book Pg. 80)
PP
¾¾1/8 tsp salt
.. aa P
.. Paa
A. Underline the correct verb in these
ww ww sentences.
wwww wwww
(i) The flour, cocoa powder and baking powder 1. Rekha and her sisters (watch, watches)
are first sifted in a mixing bowl. television everyday.
88
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
2.
3..N Ravi (doesn’t, don’t) like sports.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
My classmates (study, studies) before a test.
l a
l i
a .iN
Three’ of science fiction. Another title is ‘The
.N
Prophet of the Space Age’. His famous works
assaa 4.
aa a s
a aa
s
One of the cookies (is, are) missing.
dd aadd s
a aa
s
are Childhood’s End, 2001: A Space odyssey
a
and Rendezvous with Rana.
5.
house.
ww P P
A lady with ten cats (live, lives) in that big
.. ww P
..P REPORT WRITING
6.
7.
wwww
Measles (is, are) very serious.
The committee (decide, decides) when to
wwww (For rules see Text Book Pg. No. 88)
a. You have recently attended a seminar on
adjourn. ‘Science and Literature’ in which writers
8.
et
e t
Our team (is, are) the best.
eet t presented papers on Science Fiction and
lalai.iN
.N
9.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Everybody (enjoy, enjoys) a good song.
l a i
a .iN
literature and focused on the creativity of
.N
young writers. Write a short report about it
l
assaa aa aa
10. Either of these (is, are) suitable.
aass ss
for a leading newspaper in about 100—120
aa
et
B.
aadd
Correct the following passage.
PP P Padd
words. (Pg.No. 84)
a
ww..
Where do the deer and the antelope play?
w
w .. REPORT
wwww wwww
.N
One place is Yellowstone National Park. It SCIENCE FICTION AND LITERATURE
was created in 1872. Some parts of the park Since fiction frequently builds on scientific
are in Wyoming, Montana and Idaho. The developments that have already captured
ai
park is a safe place for many animals. Bears, our public imagination. If you’re struggling to
eet t eet t
mice, buffaloes, deer and antelope live there, develop a really good story, a good place to
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l a .iN
.N
Beavers, otters, fish and eagles also enjoy the
i
park. For them, Yellowstone is ‘home sweet l a
l i
a .iN
.N
start is to turn to the recently held seminar
assaa aa aa
on Science and Literature held here in
home’.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P Paadd P P add
Chennai. It showcased current scientific
a
w
w ..
WRITING
ww.. developments and related literary works. By
wwww wwww
building on the latest science, you can avoid a
a. Given below are hints about a renowned
ad
British science fiction writer Arthur C. log of the same old cliches and write something
Clarke. Write a biographical sketch on that people are really excited to read.
the author in not more than 80—100 The seminar opened with reading sessions that
t t
.P
ee t
words based on the information given
ee t included the works of Sujatha, Isaac Asimov
l a
l i
a .iN
.N below. (Pg.No. 82)
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
and various Sci-Fi Authors. Quite inspiring and
assaa aa aa
Arthur C. Clarke wrote under his pen names motivation were the sessions, involving young
w
a s
a s
Charles Wills and E.G.O’ Brain. He was born
dd a
dd s
a s
authors who have recently turned from blog-
P aa
on 16th December 1917 in England. He played
.. P P
.. Paa
writers to full time authors. Every programme
w
w
w
different roles in literature, as a novelist,
ww in the seminar had a sparkling star celebrity
wwww
television host, inventor and film screen
wwww author from various parts of the country who
w
writer. He wrote different genres like science have contributed to the sci-fi literature in
fiction, television series and film screen play. recent times.
He received many awards and honours. In
eet t eet t
1916, he received Kalinga Prize, award given
The seminar concluded with thank you notes
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
by UNESCO for popularising science. Other
l a
l a .iN
.N
from young minds who were enthralled with
i
their experiences at the seminar. They also
assaa aa aa
awards were Hugo and Nebula awards. He was
a s
a s
the Chairman of the Interplanetary Society. He
dd ddaass
thanked the organizers. The Sci-fi Club, Adyar,
P aa
received the highest civil honour of Sri Lanka,
..P P
.. Paa
Chennai who provided the access to scientific
ww
‘Sri Lankabhimanya 2005’. His famous titles are
ww and literary resources they could only dream
wwww wwww
Clarke, Robert Heinlein and Isaac Asimov - ‘Big of .
89
eet t eet t
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
b.
.N l a
l i
a .iN
You are the School Pupil Leader. Your school
.N
organised an Inter-School Sports event at
l a
l i
a .iN
impressive March Past and also administered
.N
the oath. She declared the Meet open by
assaa aadd s
a aa
s
Nehru Stadium. Write a report on the special
a
events conducted in 100—120 words for the
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
releasing the balloons. The event included
races in categories of 800 mtrs, 400 mtrs, 200
school souvenir.
ww P
.. P P
..P
Mtrs, 100 mtrs, 60 mtrs and 4 x 100 mtrs relay
ww
wwwwREPORT
ANNUAL INTER - HOUSE SPORTS MEET
wwwwfor boys as well as girls. Once races began, the
air was filled with cheering and encouragement
The much awaited Annual Sports Day of our for the young athletes. The competitors
School was held in Nehru Stadium on Tuesday, participated with great excitement in the
et
e t eet t track and field events. The girl’s Self Defence
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
March 7, 2019. The meet was inaugurated
.N
by the Principal, Ms Puspha Jayaraman and
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Team displayed some techniques of defending
assaa saa s aa
oneself from impending dangers. The winners
aa s
graced with the presence of Vice Principal, Ms
aas
et
aadd
Savithri Natarajan and Headmistress of senior,
PP P Padd
were awarded medals and certificates of merit.
a
ww..
middle and junior wing, Mr. Rajagopal, Ms.
w
w ..
Outstanding Sports Performance awards were
wwww wwww
.N
Suganya Balan and Mr. Bindhy Thomas. The given to sports persons who have excelled
students entered into the spirit of the occasion in their respective fields at the State and
in a grand way commencing with March Past National level. Chenab House raised the 2018-
ai
of the six contingents of different houses 19 Cultural Trophy as well as the Sports Trophy.
eet t e
Chenab, Ganges, Jamuna, Jhelum, Satluj and
et t The day ended on a cheerful note as the Vice
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Ravi. Principal Ma’am took the salute of the
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Principal, Ms. Savithri Natarajan who declared
assaa aa aa
the meet closed.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
wwww wwww
ad
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
w
w ww
wwww wwww
w
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
90
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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wwww wwww
ww
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btJ«ò»wh®.
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa
et
PPaadd P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
ai
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
wwww wwww
ad
t t
.P
ee t ENGLISH
ee t jĜ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
I heard a thousand blended notes
l a i
a.iN. N eh‹ rhŒªjk®ªâUªj nghJ
nrhiybah‹¿š
l l a
l i
a.iN.N
assaa aa aa
w
as
While in a grove I sate reclined,
a s MÆu« fhd§fŸ fyªj ïiria¡ nf£nl‹.
dd RkªJ tªjnjh J‹g ÃidîfŸ. PPaadd
In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts
m›ÉÅa jUz¤âš ï‹g ÃidîfŸ aass
P
.. Paa ..
w
eet t
Through primrose tufts, in that green bower,
eet t
ãÇ« nuh° ky®fËilna m« ku ÃHyoÆš
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The periwinkle trail’d its wreaths;
And ‘tis my faith that every flower
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l
v‹ kd« TW»wJ, x›bthU óî«
a .iN
.N
bgÇɧ»Ÿ j‹ Cjh ó¡fis gut É£oU¡»wJ.
i
assaa Enjoys the air it breathes.
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
The birds around me hopp’d and play’d
add
a aassaa
mj‹ kz¤ij Rthr¤âš cz®¤J k»G« v‹W.
v‹id¢ R‰¿ gwitfŸ JŸË ÉisahL»‹wd.
P
..P
Their thoughts I cannot measure, --
ww P
.. P
mj‹ kd miyfnsh msÉl Koahjit.
ww
wwww
But the least motion which they made
It seem’d a thrill of pleasure. wwww
Mdhš mt‰¿‹ Äf vËa mirîfŸ Tl
k»œÉ‹ c¢rkhf khW»‹wd.
91
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
The budding twigs spread out their fan
To catch the breezy air;
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
ky® bkh£LfŸ (budding twigs) ïjœ ÉǤjd.
i
assaa aa aa
kz« åR« bj‹wš jGÉl
And I must think, do all I can,
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
ehD« áªâ¤J (think) brayh‰w nt©L«
That there was pleasure there .
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
ï§F ïU¡F« k»œÉš fyªâl
ww
If this belief from heaven be sent,
ww
ïªe«ã¡if ɩ‹W mD¥g¥g£l bj‹wš
wwww
If such be Nature’s holy plan,
Have I not reason to lament wwww
ïJ ïa‰ifÆ‹ öa â£lbk‹whš,
eh‹ òy«òtj‰F fhuzkhf ïšiy.
What Man has made of Man? kÅj‹ kÅjid¡ bfh©L cUth¡»aij v©Â.
et
e t eet t MáÇa® F¿¥ò
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
ÉšÈa« nt®£°bth®¤ (1770-1850) Äf¢áwªj M§»y¡ fÉP®.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
rhKntš blŒy® nfhšÇ£Íl‹ ïizªJ Lyrical Ballads v‹w fÉij bjhF¥ig
aass as
as
et
btËÆ£lj‹ _y« M§»y ïy¡»a¤âš òâa buhkh©o¡ fhy¤ij bjhl§»
Paadd P Padd
a
it¤jh®. ãÇ£lÅ‹ murit¡ fÉPuhf 1984« M©L Kjš thœehŸ ïWâ
P
ww.. w w..
tiu ïUªJ tªjh®. ït® ïa‰if fÉP® v‹nw všnyhuhY« m¿a¥g£llh®.
wwww wwfÉijfŸ.
.N
wwbg‰w
“Daffodils”, “The Solitary Reaper”, “To the cuckoo” “The tables turned”, Lines composed
a few miles above Tintern Abbey
M»ait ïtÇ‹ òfœ
ai
1. Find words from the poem that convey the following ideas. (Pg.No. 86)
eet t
a. connected together - blended / inked
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N c. al l
make out or understand - measure a
l a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
b. spread over the surface of the ground in a straggling manner -tuft / trailed
i i
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
d. slender woody shoots growing from branches or stems of trees - twigs
as
P Paadd P Paadd
2. C
w
w .. ww..
omplete the summary of the poem by filling in the blanks with the words
wwww wwww
given below: (For passage see Text book Pg. No. 86)
ad
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
3.
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
Read the lines given below and answer the questions that follow. (Pg.No. 87)
.N
assaa aa aa
(i) And ‘tis my faith that every flower’
w
w
w ww
The Primrose and Periwinkle share the same bower for their growth. So the poet’s faith is that
wwww
they enjoy the air they breathe. wwww
w
eet
Additional Questions :
t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N (c)
lal a.iN
.N
Identify the poem and the poet HY 2018
i
Poem : Lines written in the Early Spring
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa (d)
aadd s
a aa
s
Poet : William Wordsworth
a
Pick out the alliterated words HY 2018
add
a aassaa
faith - flower
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
(e)
wwww wwww
Identify the figure of speech used here QY 2019, June 2018
Personification
92
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
(ii) And I must think, do all I can,
.N That there was pleasure there…
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa (a)
a s
a aa
s a
What did the poet notice about the twigs? QY 2019 (TB)
aadd aadd s
a aa
s
The poet noticed it is happy to spread out its tender leaves to catch the breezy air.
(b) ww P
.. P
What was the poet’s thought about them? (TB) ww P
..P
wwww wwww
The poet thought that every creature in nature help each other except man.
(iii) If this belief from heaven be sent,
If such be Nature’s holy plan.
et
e t
(a)
eet t
What does ‘heaven’ refer to? (TB) QY 2018 March 2023
lalai.iN
.N Heaven refers to God.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Why does the poet call it ‘holy’? (TB) GMQ , QY 2018 March 2023
(b)
aass as
as
et
PP add
The poet calls it holy as it is created by God.
a P Padd
a
ww..
Additional Questions :
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
(c) What is the figure of speech? GMQ
Personification.
ai
Additional Appreciation Questions
1.
eet t
I heard a thousand blended notes
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
While in a grove I sate reclined.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa s aa
a) Where was the poet sitting March 2019
a a s a a s
as
P P add
The poet was sitting in the grove.
a P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
b) What is meant by “a thousand blended notes”? March 2019
wwww wwww
The Heavenly music of nature plays in the poet’s mind.
ad
t t
.P
2.
ee t
““The birds around me hopp’d and play’d
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Their thoughts I cannot measure”
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
a) Whose thoughts cannot be measured HY 2019
w
a s
a s
The bird’s thought cannot be measured
dd a
dd s
a s
P Paa
b) Who does ‘I’ refer to? HY 2019
.. P
.. Paa
w
w
w
‘I’ refer to the poet William Wordsworth ww
wwww wwww
w
eet t ee
It is a wild plant with yellow flowers.t t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N b) What does ‘tufts’ means?
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s ssaa
‘Tufts’ means bunches.
c)
a a
dd a
Where did the poet see this scene?
a add
a aa
P
..P
The poet saw this beautiful scene in a grove.
ww ww P
.. P
wwww
d) What is meant by periwinkle?
A trailing plant with blue flowers. wwww
93
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
4.
.N Have I not reason to lament
What man has made of man?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa dd s
a aa
s
He is very much distressed at the plight of humanity.
aa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
a) What reason has the poet got to lament? / Why does the poet lament?
a
P
.. P
b) What is the solution to the problem?
ww ww P
..P
wwww wwww
Man has to love the nature and live in harmony with nature.
c) What is the poetic device in the second line?
Aphorism
d) What does lament mean? Sep 2020
et
e t t t
Lament ‘means to express sorrow or unhappiness about something.
ee
lalai.iN
.N Aphorism l a
l i
a .iN
.N
e) Identify the figure of speech in the second line Sep 2020
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa
et
5.
PP add
But the least motion which they mode
a P Padd
a
ww..
It seem’d a thrill of pleasure
w
w ..
wwww wwww
a) Who are they? March 2020
.N
‘They’ are the birds
b) What are they doing? March 2020
ai
The birds are singing, hopping and playing. They are moving with pleasure and joy
6.
eet t e
In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts
et t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
bring sad thought to the mind
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
a) Why is the poet in a sweet mood?
a s
a s
Everything is perfect and beautiful around him.
a s
a s
as
P aadd
b) How can pleasant thoughts bring sad thoughts?
P P Paadd
w
w ..
The misery of humanity makes him worry.
ww..
wwww
c) Where is the poet seated? QY 2019
wwww
ad
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
4.
.N each. (Pg.No. 87)
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
xplain the following lines with reference to the context in about four to five sentences
E
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a.
a
dd s
In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts GMQ
a s
Bring sad thoughts to the mind. a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
Reference:
w
w ww
wwww
These lines are taken from
wwww
w
eet t
Context: eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N la i
a.iN
.N
While sitting in the grove the poet utters these words.
l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Explanation:
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
ww PP ww P
.. P
When the poet sits in the grove taking rest he observes that all creatures on the earth are connected
..
together in one way or the other. He gets fascinated by the divinity of nature. At that moment the
wwww wwww
impact of war between two countries and the humans killing each other comes to his mind.
94
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
b)
.N l
their thoughts I cannot measure.a
l a .iN
.N
The birds around me hopp’d and play’d March 2019
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Reference:
aa a
dd
These lines are taken from
s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Poem
ww P
.. P
Lines written in The Early Spring
ww P
..P
Poet wwww
William Wordsworth wwww
Context:
The poet utters these words while observing the beauty of nature.
et
e t
Explanation:
eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The poet admires the beauty of nature while sitting in the grove. He observes that every creature
is closely linked with nature. They not only feel happy on their own but also make others happy. He
assaa a saa
s assaa
observes some birds around him which are hopping and playing happily. Though the poet cannot
a a
et
Paadd P Padd
a
understand the thoughts in them, he is sure that they are happy.
P
c)
ww.. w
w ..
Have I not reason to lament QY 2018, 19, HY 2019, Mar 2023
wwww wwww
.N
What Man has made of man?
Reference: These lines are taken from
ai
Poem Lines written in The Early spring
e t t
Poet
e William Wordsworth
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Context: The poet laments the behaviour of man.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa s aa
Explanation:
a a s a a s
as
P Paadd P Paadd
The poet feels that as per God’s creation every creature on this earth has its birth to enjoy their life
to the fullest. Birds, Flowers and trees follow this holy plan of nature and make their life filled with
w
w .. ww..
happiness for ever. It is man who does not follow the plan of ”Live and Let live”. The poet laments
wwww
about this innate state of man.
wwww
ad
ee t
Poet : William Wordsworth
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Explanation : The twig open to take in the sweet breeze. The poet says that all that he can do is
assaa aa aa
w
ddaass ddaass
P
.. Pa
E.R.C for slow learners:-
a .. P
Pa a
w
(Thousand blended notes, lament, nature, grieved, holyplan, heaven, budding twigs, measure,
periwinkle, wreaths, primrose, bower, human soul, fair works, link, grove, breezy air).
Content:-
eet t Poem eet t
Lines written in The Early spring
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Poet
la i
a.iN
William Wordsworth
l .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Explanation:-
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
The speaker says that while sitting in a grove his mind is filled with both pleasant and sad
w P
..P ww P
.. P
thoughts. The peace, calm and nature makes him happy. The poet feels that man should soon
w
wwww wwww
change his ways and link with the divinity of nature to enjoy his stay on earth.
95
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
5.
.N No. 87)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
A. Read the following lines and identify the figures of speech used in each extract. (Pg.
.N
assaa S.No Poetic lines
a aa a
dd s
a aa
s
To her fair works did Nature link aa a s
a aa
s
Figure of Speech
dd
ww P
.. P
The human soul that through me ran
ww P
..P
Personification
b
wwww
And ‘tis my faith that every flower
Enjoys the air it breathes June 2019
wwww Alliteration/Personification
et
PPaadd P Padd
Notes - thoughts; reclined - mind; link - think; ran - man;
a
ww..
Bower - flower; wreaths - breathes; play’d - made;
w
w ..
wwww wwww
Measure - pleasure; fan - can; air - there; sent - lament; plan - man.
.N
6. Based on your reading of the poem answer the following questions in a sentence or two
each. (Pg.No. 87)
ai
a) How does the poet feel while enjoying the beauty of Nature?
e t t e t t
The poet has both pleasant and sad thoughts in his mind while enjoying the beauty of Nature.
e e
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
b) Does Nature affect a person’s thoughts and feelings? Explain.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Yes, the poet finds everything happy – helping and sharing with each other. He feels that man alone
is not a part of it.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
aadd
c) How do people bring grief and sorrow to one another?
P P P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
They bring grief and sorrow by fighting and being cruel to one another.
wwww
d) Why does the poet think that the birds were happy?
wwww
ad
The way in which they hop and play makes the poet think that the birds were happy.
e) The poet finds joy in various objects of Nature . Explain
The Periwinkle grows around the Primrose and share the air they breath. Birds enjoy playing happily.
t t
.P
ee t ee t
The way in which budding twigs spread their fan to catch the breeze shows that they are happy.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
f) Bring out the poet’s thoughts, while comparing Nature with human behaviour. .N
assaa aa aa
Nature’s holy plan is that every creature should be happy but the humans fight with one another and
w
w
w ww
wwww wwww
a) The poet experiences sadness because .
i. the blended notes are jarring
w
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
Paragraph for Toppers
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
Answer the following in a paragraph of about 100 – 150 words. (Pg.No. 88, 89)
.N .N
assaa aa aa
8. Do you think the poet wants to say that man is unhappy because he has lost his link with
a s
a s a s
a s
nature and forgotten how to enjoy nature or because man is cruel to other men?
dd dd
P
.. Paa or
P
..Paa GMQ, QY 2018
w w
“Nature can nurture? Describe how this process happens?
w w
wwww or
wwww
When humanity fails to live in harmony with Nature, its effects are felt around the world.
Why and how?
Poem Lines written in The Early spring
et
e t
Poet William Wordsworth
eet t
lalai.iN
.N Theme
a i .iN
.N
Nature gives life to all
l l a l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa
Wordsworth goes for a walk. He enjoys nature. He is impressed by the peace, beauty and harmony
et
Paadd P Padd
a
in nature. Even a little flower, a small bird or a tiny twig looks very happy. A sad thought about man
P
ww.. w
w ..
comes into his mind. The poet brings out varied reasons for the unhappiness of man. The main
wwww wwww
.N
reason is he is cruel to other men. In this context he brings forth the French revolution which had
great impact on the people of both France and Britain. The poet laments about this behaviour of
man. He also observes that the flowers, birds and trees have close link with Nature and follow the
ai
Nature’s holy plan of being together and sharing the happiness .This view is made clear from the lines
eet t t t
Through primrose tufts, in that sweet bower,
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The periwinkle trail’d its wreaths;
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
The poet feels that man’s innate state must be close to nature. His heart is filled with pain when he
a s
a s a s
a s
as
thinks about the behaviour of man. If a little flower enjoys the glory of nature, why can’t man. His
P aadd
grief gets expressed from these lines.
P P Paadd
w
w ..
And much it grieved my heart to think
ww..
wwww
What man has made of man.
wwww
ad
He concludes that except man all other creatures are happy as they have close link with nature and
they share and care for each other. He is not able to find a positive answer for what man has made
of man. That is why he says,
t t
.P
a
dd s
a
Paragraph for Average students:
s a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
Poem w
w w
Lines written in The Early spring
w
Poet wwww William Words worth wwww
w
assaa aa a s
a aa
s
aa aassaa
link himself with nature. Nature’s divinity is common. She has holy plans for everyone. Man’s foolish
dd dd
actions have brought his downfall. If a little flower enjoys the glory of nature, why can’t man. Man
w P
..P ww P
.. P
alone is responsible for his glory of nature. Man alone is responsible for his miseries. When he links
w
wwww
with nature, his life also will be happy.
wwww
Admire Nature and be free from miseries
97
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN l a
l i
a .iN
Paragraph for Slow learners: (Late bloomers)
.N .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa s aa
Poem Lines written in The Early spring
Poet a
dd a s
William Wordsworth a
dd a s
P
.. Paa
Wordsworth goes for a walk. P
..Paa
ww ww
wwww wwww
He is happy to see the beautiful natural scene there.
Even a little flower, a small bird or a tiny twig looks very happy.
Soon he becomes sad.
The elements of nature find pleasure everywhere and in everything.
et
e t
He thinks of the miseries of man.
e e t t
lalai.iN
.N
l a
l a .iN
.N
Man himself is the reason for his sorrow.
i
When he links with nature, his life too would be happy.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aisathe best healer aa
s s
Nature
a a as
as
et
9.
P aadd
Listening Activity (Pg.No. 88)
P P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
Some phrases have been left out in the poem below. First, read the poem. Then, fill in
wwww wwww
.N
the missing words on listening to the reading or the recording of it in full. You may listen
again, if required.
ai
To Autumn
eet t eet t
O Autumn, laden with fruit, and stained
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
With the blood of the grape, pass not, but sit
a .iN
.N
assaa s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
Beneath my shady roof, there thou may’st rest,
a
as
P Paadd P Paadd
And tune thy jolly voice to my fresh pipe
w
w .. w ..
And all the daughters of the year shall dance!
w
wwww wwww
Sing now the lusty song of fruits and flowers.
ad
t t
.P
ee t ee t
Blossoms hang round the brows of morning, and
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
Flourish down the bright cheek of modest eve,
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Till clust’ring Summer breaks forth into singing,
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
And feather’d clouds strew flowers round her head.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
assaa a
dd s
a aa
s ddaassaa
11. Answer the following in a paragraph of 100−150 words each. (Pg.No. 89)
aa aa
w P
..P ww P
..
a. ‘Nature can nurture’. Describe how this process happens.
w P
wwww wwww
With the growing use of technology and the fast pace of modern life, people spend less time in nature
than ever before. People spend less than 25% of their time out doors. But Mother Nature can nurture
98
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
us with the sheer pleasure when we sit with her. Nature can do wonders for our mental health.
.N
It boosts energy and happiness levels. We should spend time in a lively, cheerful and refreshing
assaa aadd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
atmosphere. Thus, Nature increase the vitality and creativity. People become rejuvenated to function
a
correctly and peacefully because of the gentle, more relaxing stimuli in nature. Stress can increase
w P
.. P ww P
..P
our risk of mental and physical illnesses but Nature is the easiest way to heal the mind and recharge
w
b.
wwww wwww
the soul. Finally, Nature can greatly improve our mental clarity and performance.
When humanity fails to live in harmony with Nature, its effects are felt around the world.
Why and how?
et
e t t t
Human beings are the creations of Nature. They draw everything needed for survival from Nature.
ee
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
But when they fail to live in a harmony, the ill effects are felt around the world. We get necessary
assaa aa aa
oxygen from the air we breathe. But we are vitiating this atmosphere with millions of big and small
aass as
as
et
factories. The pollution is a major problem that leads to a number of diseases. Trees, that served as
PPaadd P Padd
a
natural purifiers and preservers, are cut down in large numbers for timber and human occupation.
ww.. w
w ..
The serious effect is now the global warming, melting of glaciers and natural disasters. The earth’s
wwww wwww
.N
mean temperature has risen over the years. The rain pattern has changed. The mines of coal are
depleting. The rivers are getting dry. Garbage dumps are on the high. Today, Man’s attitude towards
ai
Nature is that of indifference.
c.
eet t eet t
Write a letter to the Councillor of your Ward, explaining why a park is necessary in your
l a
l i
a .iN
.N locality. al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa 17th March, 2023
a s
a s a s
a s
as
From
P Paadd P Paadd
XXX,
w
w .. ww..
YYY.
wwww wwww
ad
To
The Councillor,
t t
.P
ee t Ward - 16, Chennai Corporation.
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Sir,
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
Sub: Requisition for a park in our locality - Reg.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
I, XXX, a resident of Ward - 16, on behalf of all the residents of the area, write to your esteemed
w
self to request you to construct a public park in our area. Parks have become indispensable necessities.
w
w ww
wwww wwww
The young children and the very old are highly affected. They have no place to sit peacefully or play
w
happily. Besides, the construction of a public park will be environmentally wholesome for the people
of our area. It will make the area beautiful. The trees and plants will make the air pure.
Keeping the benefits in mind, I request you to construct a park in our area. We shall be grateful
eet t
if you do the needful. eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Place : YYYY
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N Yours truly,
assaa aa a s
a aa
s
Date : 17th March 2023
dd add
a aassaa XXX.
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
99
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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et
PP dd
When the curtain rises the following characters are
aa miwÆš mk®ªâU¡»wh®fŸ. bg©fŸa
P P a-ddk‰W« 1 8
ww..
seated in a dentist’s waiting room: Women 1-8 and Men
M©fŸ w w . . brŒâ¤jhis
- , áy® g¤âÇ¡if
1- 6. Some of them are reading magazines or newspapers. 1 8 ( )
wwww wwM©
.N
Man 4 has a rough bandage tied round his jaw. He is
wwmt®
thá¤J bfh©L ïUªjd®.
J¡f£L f£oíŸsh‹.
holding the bandage and groaning. Man 3 and Woman 5
jhilia R‰¿
j‹ ifÆš J¡f£il
4
and Woman 6 are just entering the waiting-room. it¤J¡bfh©L, tÈÆš fj¿bfh©oUªjh®. M©
ai
3, bg© 5 k‰W« bg© 6 m¥nghJ jh‹ fh¤âU¡F«
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a NN gškU¤Jtiu eh« gh®gj‰F bfhŠr neu« lalai.iN
5.i.
Woman 5 : We’ll have some time to wait before
bg© : .N
assaa a ssaa
the dentist sees us, dear.
a fh¤âU¡fD«?
a as saa
as
Woman 6 : So I see.
P Paadd bg© 6 X m¥goahdhš eh‹ gh®¡»nw‹. :
PP aadd
w
w ..
Woman 5 : But I’ll show you some of my holiday
bg© 5 neu¤ij fÊ¡f eh‹. .
w w :
ÉLKiw ehËš
wwww
photographs to pass the time. (Man 3,
M© w
vL¤j
w wwk‰W« fh©ã¡»nw‹.
ngh£nlhit cd¡F
ad
l a
l i
a .iN
.N photograph.)
l a
l a .N
5i i
.N ïU¡F«)
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aM© aa
Man 5 : What time do you make it, Jack? :
a6
M© vªj neu¤â‰F Ú nghfD«, Jack?
w
Man 6
a
dd s
a s
: Almost eight- thirty. The dentist should
a
dd
: s
a s
rÇahf v£L K¥gJ, gškU¤Jt® vªneuK«
P aa
be along any moment now.
.. P P
.. Paa tuyh«.
w
w
w
Woman 6 : Isn’t it a dreadful hour of the morning
bg© 6 ww : fhiyÆš gškU¤Jtiu¥ gh®¥gJ
wwww
to see a Dentist! I’m not half awake
wwww v›tsî bfhLikahdJ. eh‹ ï‹D«
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Man 6 M© 6i.iN
a .N
: Something should be done about
l l a :
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
gš nrhjid brŒ»w neu¤âid kh‰w«
assaa aa aa
dental hours. I’ve always said so and
a
dd s
a s
I’ll go on saying so. (Enter Nurse)
ddaass brŒa nt©L«. eh‹ v¥bghGJ«
brhšÈÆU¡»nw‹ m¥go¤jh‹
P
..Paa P
.. Paa brhšnt‹.
ww
Woman 6 : Good, the dentist shouldn’t be long
bg© 6 ww : ešyJ gškU¤Jt® (brÉÈ cŸns
now.
wwww wwww EiH»whŸ) ï¥nghJ tªJ ÉLthŸ
100 24.03.2023
eet t eet t
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l
at Waddling-on-sea. Our boarding a .
i N
.
Woman 5 : And this is one of the boarding houses
i N ïJ :
CÇš cŸs xU j§F«
bg© 5 Waddling
ÉLâ. ïâš jh‹ eh§fŸ j§»ndh«.ïªj la
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aassaa
house. Those are the steps I fell up.
lalai.iN
.N a nice face.
l a
l i
a .N
6i
.N mtŸ mHfhŒ jh‹ ïU¥ghŸ vd lalai.iN .N
assaa aa aa
Woman 6 : I’m sure she has. bg© :
aass
(Enter Woman 7 and the Little Girl)
as
as ( 7
et
e«ò»nw‹. bg© k‰W« áWÄ cŸns
PPaadd EiH»‹wd®
P P add
a )
Woman 7
ww..
: Oh, do come along, Dorothea.
bg© 7 w w ..
X, v‹Dl‹ th, (nlhu¤âah):
.N
Little Girl kh£nl‹! w
: I don’t want to see the dentist. I won’t!
áWÄ w
kh£nl‹! :
I won’t! gh®¡fkh£nl‹.
ai
Woman 7 : Now, Dorothea, remember what your bg© 7 : Dorothea, ï¥nghJ, m¥gh brh‹dij
w
w ..
by Woman 7. She sits weeping. Man 4
ww.. mkuit¤jh®. mtŸ c£fh®ªJ mGjhŸ
M© 7 ftiy¡Fuš vG¥ò»wh®)
wwww ww
groans loudly)
w
w
ad
Dentist
ee t ee t
: Could I have the first patient, please? gškU¤Jt® vdJ Kjš ngr©£ thU§fŸ (kU¤Jt®
l a
l i
a .iN
.N (Exit Dentist into surgery)
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l a.iN
.N
btËna br‹W mWitỢir miw¡F
i
brš»wh®).
assaa abg©
a 1 aa
w
Woman 1
aass
: That’s you, Joe. (Man 1and Woman 1
dd M© 1 a
dd s
a s
: mJ Újh‹, Joe. (M© 1 k‰W« bg© 1
stand)
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa É»wh®fŸ)
w
Man 1
w
w
: Yes, that‘s me.
ww : M«, mJ eh‹jh‹.
Woman 1
wwww
: Now, make sure he pulls out the right
bg© 1
wwww : rÇahd gšiy¤ jh‹ vL¡»whuh v‹W,
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a .iN
. N l a
l i
a .
i N
.N
miw¡F brš»wh®).
aa aa
dd bg© 3 add
a aa e«ò»nw‹.
P
..P
Woman 3 : Yes, he took out six for Mrs. Johnstone,
ww ww P
.. P : M«, Mrs Johnstone MW g‰fis vL¤jh®.
wwww wwww
and she never felt a thing. ãwF mtŸ tÈ VJ« czuÉšiy. (bg©
(Enter Woman 8 with the Small Boy) 8 áWtDl‹ cŸns EiH»whŸ).
101
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N afraid of.
l a
l a .
Woman 8 : Now, Maurice there’s nothing to be
i i N
. N : Maurice,
ï¥nghJ Ú ahU¡F« ga¥gl
bg© 8
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aáWt‹ aa
njitÆšiy.
Small Boy : I’m not afraid.
aass a eh‹ ga¥glÉšiy. :
aas s
P Paadd bg© 8 R«kh xU á‹d tÈjh‹PPïU¡F«,
Woman 8 : Just a little pull, and ever such a weeny : aadd ãwF
ww..
tug, and all the pain will be gone.
ww..
všyh tÈí« gwªJÉL«.
wwww
Small Boy : There is no need to treat me like a
áWt‹
baby. I’m not afraid of a dentist.
wwww el¤j nt©lh«.
v‹id FHªij¥nghš :
eh‹ kU¤JtU¡F ga¥glÉšiy.
Woman 8 : Now sit down quietly, Maurice, and I’m bg© 8 : Maurice ï¥nghJ mikâahf c£fhU.
sure the nice dentist won’t be long.
et
e t eet t kU¤Jt® mâf neu« M¡fkh£lh®.
lalai.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
Small Boy : I think I’ll get a magazine, I feel like
i
reading. (The Small Boy goes to the
áWt‹ :
l a
l a .iN
.N
vd¡F go¡f njh‹W»wJ. eh‹ nghŒ
i
g¤âÇ¡ifia vL¤J¡ bfh©L tU»nw‹.
assaa saa
s
table and looks through the pile of
aa as
asaa (áWt‹ m§FŸs nki#¡F br‹W
et
PP add bg© 8
magazines and newspapers)
a P Padd
a g¤âÇ¡if (brŒâ¤jhis) gh®¤jh‹)
ww..
Woman 8 : All right, dear, just as you like.
w
w .. : rÇ c‹ ÉU¥g¥go brŒ. (bg© 8
wwww wwww
.N
(Woman 8 sits) mk®ªjhŸ)
Man 5 : I’m going to ask for gas. I’ll never for-
M© 5 : eh‹ br‹W (ka¡f kUªJ) nf£f ngh»nw‹.
get the last time. filá Kiw elªjij kw¡f kh£nl‹.
ai
Man 1 : I knew a chap once. He asked for gas. M© 1 : eh‹ xU tiu m¿nt‹. mt‹ kUªJ
eet t e t t
It was the last time he ever asked for
e (gas) nf£lh‹. vijí« nf£gJ mJnt
l a
l i
a .iN
.N anything.
al l a
l i
2i
a .N
.N i .iN
filá Kiw.
l a
l a .N
assaa aa aa
Man 2 : Is that a fact? (Enter Nurse from the
M© : ïJ c©ikah? (Ợir miwÆš
a s
a s a s
a s
as
surgery. She walks across the stage
aa
and exits left.)
P P dd P Paadd ïUªJ brÉÈa® btËna¿ nkilia
flªJ ïlJòw« btËna¿dhŸ)
Man 4
w
w ..
: I shouldn’t ask for gas, or any of these
M© 4 ww.. : eh‹ ïÅ ka¡f kUªJ nf£f kh£nl‹.
wwww wwww
drugs either. It’s unnatural I say. Give
ad
ee t
Woman 5 : And you’ll love this one, dear. ee t :
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Woman 6 : I’m sure I will.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N bg© 5
bg© 6 :
l a
l i
a.iN
cd¡F ïâš ãÇa« m¥go¤jhnd.
.N
M« f©o¥ghf.
assaa aa aa
w
a s
a s
Woman 5 : It’s one of me riding a donkey along
dd bg© 5
a
dd
:s
a sk©Â‹nkš fGij rthÇ brŒí«nghJ
the sands.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa vL¤j x‹W.
w
wrong way round, just for the laugh. áÇ¥gj‰fhf jh‹ m§F jtwhf
(Enter Nurse left ferrying a large ham- c£fh®ªâUªnj‹. (ïlJ òwkhf
mer. She crosses the stage and goes brÉÈa® EiH»wh®, ifÆš R¤âíl‹,
eet t into the surgery).
eet t mtŸ nkilia flªJ Ợir miw¡F
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
br‹whŸ..N
assaa aa aa
Man 6 : Was that a hammer she was carry- :
ing? aass M©
dd M© 7
6
ddaass mtŸ ifÆš vL¤J¢brštJ R¤âaš
jhnd?
Man 7
P
..Paa
: I’ve seen dentists use some queer
P
.. Paa : Éá¤âukhd bghU£fis cgnahf¥
tools. ww ww
wwww wwww
gL¤J« kU¤Jtiu eh‹ rªâ¡f
nghtâšiy.
102
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Woman 5 : I hope he isn’t going to use it.
l a
l i
a .
i N
. N mtŸ :
mij cgnah»¡f kh£lhŸ vd
bg© 5
e«ò»nw‹. l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Man 3
a s
a aM©
sa 3 mWitỢir miwÆš cgnah»¡F«
: It’s a peculiar thing to have in a
aadd
surgery. (The sound of hammering Éá¤âukhd
:
bghUshf ad
a aass
dcŸsJ.
aa
ww P
.. P
is heard from the surgery. Everyone mWitỢir
ww .P.
miwÆšP
( ïUªJ
wwww
looks at the surgery door and then at
one another) wwwwnf£»wJ.
R¤âaš r¤j«
xUtU¡bfhUt® gh®¤J¡
)
midtU«
bfh©L
miwÆ‹ fjití« gh®¤J¡bfh©ld®.
Woman 1 : Oh! Joe! My poor Joe! Oh, what will I bg© 1 : x! Joe! v‹ Joe! X, eh‹ v‹d brŒtJ?
et
e t do? (standing)
eet t (É»wh®fŸ)
lalai.iN
.N l
bly knows what he’s doing.a
l a .iN
.N
Woman 2 : I shouldn’t worry. The dentist proba-
i bg© 2 :
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
eh‹ ftiy¥gl nghtâšiy gškU¤Jt®
v‹d brŒ»wh® v‹gJ mtU¡F e‹whf
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa
bjÇí«.
et
aadd bg© 1
Woman 1 : Yes, but does Joe? Surely he’s not
PP P Padd
a : M«, Mdhš Joe? ârakhf mt® JoeÉ‹
w ..
hammering on poor Joe’s tooth.
w w
w .. g‰fËš mo¡f kh£lh®.
wwww wwww
.N
Woman 2 : Now, sit down and don’t excite
bg© 2 : ï¥nghJ mkU§fŸ. ãwF c‹id
yourself. I’m sure Joe is quite all right. cW¡f¥gL¤â bfhŸshnj. Joe e‹whf
(Woman 1 sits. There is more ham- ïU¡»wh‹. (bg© 1 mku, miwÆš
ai
mering from the surgery. Woman 1 is ïUªJ Ãiwa r¤j« tU»wJ. bg© 1
l a
l i
a .iN
.N her.)
al l a
l i
a .NN
2 i.
it¡»whŸ)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Woman 2 : There, there, dear, do sit down quietly.
bg© : ï§nf, ï§nf Ú mikâahf mk®ªJ
aass a s
a s
bfhŸ.
as
Man 5 aadd M© 5
: I don’t like the sound of that.
P P P Paa
:dd mªj r¤j« vd¡F ão¡fÉšiy.
Man 4 w
w ..
: I shouldn’t worry. These dentists ww.. :
wwww wwww
M© 4 eh‹ ftiy¥gl nghtâšiy ïªj
ad
ee t ee t mikâahf neh¡»d®.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Woman 7 : She didn’t look very worried, anyway. bg© 7 :
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
v‹whY«, mtŸ gh®gj‰F ftiy¥g£lJ
assaa abg©
a 8 aa
nghš bjÇaÉšiy.
w
aass
dd bg© 7
Woman 8 : No, it’s the patient who worries. a
dd
: s
a s
ïšiy mªj nehahË jh‹ tUªJ»wh®.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
Woman 7 : I say let him worry. Worry is natural. : eh‹ brhš»nw‹ mtid ftiy¥gl
w
w ww
wwww ww
It never did anyone any harm. ÉL§fŸ ftiy¥gLtJ ïa‰ifjhnd.
w
w ahU« J‹òW¤j nghtâšiy’.
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
walks across the stage and into the
l a i .iN
.N
ifÆš ïL¡» n#hoia ifÆš vL¤J¡
l a
assaa aa aa
bfh©L brš»wh®. mtŸ nkilia flªJ
dd s
a s
surgery. Man 4 groans and everyone
a
groans after him. Woman 1 watches
ddaassmiw¡F brš»wh®. M© 4 Kd§F»wh®
P
..Paa
in horror. She stands as the Nurse
P
.. Paa mtiu¥ gh®¤J všyhU« mtiu¥g‰¿
ww
exits into the surgery)
ww Kd§F»‹wd®). bg© 1 gâyhf
wwww wwww gh®¡»wh®. brÉÈa® btËtU« nghJ
mtŸ É»whŸ)
103
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l a .
this to Joe. Not to my Joe. (Woman
N
. N
Woman 1 : No, no, it can’t be true! They can’t do
i i ïšiy.
ïij
:
ïšiy. ïJ c©ik ïšiy.
bg© 1
Joe
- ¡F brŒa¡TlhJ. bg© l a
l i
a .iN
.N ( 2
assaa aassaa
2. forces Woman 1 back into her seat)
aa
bg©
mku a
mtŸ ïU¡ifÆš fZl¥g£L
dd bg© 2 ï§f¥ghU tU¤j¥glhnj.
it¡»whŸ .
aa
s
a
1,
ddïâš
aa
s )
P
.. P
Woman 2 : There, there, don’t upset yourself,
ww ww:P P
. . VJ« ïšiy.
wwww
dear. There’s nothing to worry about.
(Woman 1 starts weeping and sobbing) wwwftiy
ftiy¡bfhŸS«
bg© mGJ
w bfhŸ»whŸ
msɉF
( 1 )
Man 3 : A bit big wasn’t it? M© 3 : bfhŠr« bgUR, m¥go¤jhnd?
Man 4 : Nothing to what they used in the old M© 4 : gH§fhy¤âš v‹d ga‹gL¤âd®,
et
e t eet t
days. I heard of a chap once the roots x‹WÄšiy. m¥nghJ xUtÇ‹ jhil
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
of whose teeth were wrapped round
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
vY«ã‹ ntÇš ïUªJ gšiy vL¤jd®.
assaa aa aa
his jaw-bone. He was five hours in the mt® IªJ kÂneu« eh‰fhÈÆš
aass as
as mk®ªâUªjd®.
et
chair.
Man 3
PPaadd M© 3
: None the worse for it, I‘ll bet. (There
P Padd
a : ïâš nkhrkhdJ VJÄšiy. eh‹
ww..
is a sudden screech of metal from the
w
w .. gªja« f£Lnt‹. (âObud cnyhf¤â‹
wwww wwww
.N
surgery. Woman 1 gasps with horror r¤j«) miwÆš ïUªJ tªjJ. bg©
and is about to make a dash for the 1 â»yilªjh® fjit neh¡» nghdh®.
surgery door when she is dragged bg© 2 mtis ïG¤J c£fhu it¤jhŸ
ai
back by Woman 2. Man 4 groans r¤jkhf Kd§»dh®. áWÄ k‰W«
eet t e t
loudly. The Small Boy and the Little
e t áWt‹ xU g¤âÇ¡if¡F (magazine)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
magazine they both want. Woman .N
Girl at the table start a fight about a
l a
l a .iN
.N
r©il ngh£ld®. bg© 8 k‰W« bg©
i
7 mt®fis Éy¡f Ka‹wd®. ïªj
assaa a s
a aa
s
8 and Woman 7 attempt to separate
a s
a aa
s
r¤j¤âY« bg© 5 mtsJ ngh£nlhit
as
aadd
them. Through all this noise Woman 5
P P P Paadd
fh£o¡ bfh©oUªjhŸ.
w
w ..
is still trying to show her photographs)
ww ..
wwww
Little Girl : It’s mine! It’s mine! áWÄ
www eh‹jh‹ KjÈš
v‹DilaJ!
ïšiy, w
v‹DilaJ!:
ad
ee t ee
quiet. I’ll tell your daddy about this. t ïU. c‹ m¥ghÉl« ïij¥g‰¿
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Then there’ll be trouble. Really, it’s the
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
TW»nw‹. ãwF mJ ãu¢rid MF«.
assaa aa aa
last time I’ll bring you anywhere. c©ikÆš, ïJnt filá Kiw. c‹id
w
aass
dd áWÄ a
dd s
a s
ïÅnkš v§F« T£o¢bršy kh£nl‹.
P
Little Girl : See if I care.
.. Paa P
.. Paa : eh‹ ftiy¥gL»nwdh ghU.
w
w
w
Woman 6 : I wish some people would keep their ww
wwww ww
bg© 6 : áy k¡fŸ mt®fŸ FHªijfis f£L¡FŸ
children under control.
w
w it¤J¡bfhŸ»wh®fŸ.
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Man 2 M© 2i.iN
lal a .N
: There should be a special waiting-room :
l a i
a .iN
.N
áWt®fS¡F vd jÅahf fh¤âU¡F«
l
assaa s aa
s ssaa
for children. (The metallic screech is miw cŸsJ. (cnyhf¤â‹ r¤j«
a
dd a
heard again from the surgery. Fresh
aa add
a aa kWgo kWgo nf£lJ. bg© 1 É«Ä mH
P
..P
sobs from Woman1)
ww ww P
.. P bjhl§»dhŸ)
wwww wwww
Woman 1 : I can’t stand it. Oh, Joe! Joe! Joe!
bg© 1 : ïij jh§»¡ bfhŸs Koahjh? - X! Joe!
(Man 4 groans) Joe! Joe! (M© 4 Kd§F»wh®)
104
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.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Small Boy : What was that noise, Mummy?
l a
l i
a .
i N
. N m«kh :
mªj r¤j« v‹d r¤j«?
áWt‹
ï¥go Éfhukhd nfŸÉia nf£fhnj, la l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Woman 8 : Don’t ask awkward questions, Mau- :
rice.
aass
dd M© 7 áWtnd, xU kÅjÅ‹PP
nkhǰ.
bg© 8
a ass
ddvL¡F«
Man 7
P
.. Paa
: I’ll tell you, little boy. That noise was a
.r¤j«
:
. aa
gšiy
wwww
man having a tooth out. That’s hownghJ ï¥go¤jh‹
ww w w nf£F« -
ww
it’s going to sound when you have
yours out, only much, much louder,
c‹Dila w w g‰fis vL¡F« nghJ«
bfhŠr«, bfhŠr« r¤jkhf, VbdÅš mJ
because then it’ll be inside your head. c‹ jiy¡FŸ ïU¡F.
Woman 6 : What a thing to tell a small boy! bg© 6 : áWtÅl« brhšy¡Toa Éõakh!
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N
Man 6 : Disgusting!
l a
l i
a .iN
.N M© 6 :
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
btW¡f¤j¡fJ!
assaa aa aa
Man 7 : It’ll do the lad good. Bring ‘em up M© 7 : mJ igaD¡F ešyJ mšy. mtid
aass
natural, I always say.
as
as ïa‰if tÊna ts®¥ngh«.
et
aadd áWt‹
Small Boy : Oh, Mummy, Mummy, take me to
PP P Padd
a : X, m«kh, m«kh v‹id gŸË¡F T£o
ww..
school! Quick, take me to school!
w
w .. bršY§fŸ!
wwww wwww
.N
Woman 8 : Take you to school. What on earth do
bg© 8 : gŸË¡Tl« T£o brštjh? v‹d el¡»wJ
you mean? ï§nf?
Small Boy : I haven’t got toothache at all. I was :
ai
áWt‹ vd¡F gštÈ K‰¿Y« ïšiy eh‹
only joking. I just wanted to get off bghŒbrh‹nd‹. eh‹ gŸË¡F
eet t school. Take me to school. Mummy,
eet t nghfhkš ïU¡f bghŒ T¿nd‹. v‹id
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
please. (Everyone laughs)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i .iN
.N
gŸË¡Tl« T£o bršY§fŸ. m«kh,
l a
assaa abg©
a 8 aaãȰ. (midtU« áǤjd®)
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P Paadd
Woman 8 : I’ll take you to school all right (Woman
w ..
8 takes the Small Boy by the ear. She
w
drags him out) and I’ll get the head-
ww.. brš»nw‹. (fhij¥ ão¤J mtid
btËna ïG¤J br‹wh®) k‰W« c‹
wwww
master to give you a good thrashing.
wwww
ad
l a
l i
a .iN
.N photographs)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N ïªj ngh£nlh cd¡F ão¢áU¡FD lalai.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Woman 5 : This one should make quite an impres-
w
:
sion on you, dear.
a
dd s
a sbg© 5
Ãii¡»nw‹. r¤jkhf R¤âaš a
dd as s
r¤j« (
P
.. Paa
(There is a loud hammering from the miwÆš ïUªJ tU»wJ a
. P
. Pa )
w
surgery)
w
w ww
wwww
Woman 6 : Yes, it does. (Enter Nurse from
bg© 6
brÉÈa®w
the ww miwÆš
wtU»wh®
M«, m¥gonajh‹. : ïUªJ (
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Man 6
lal i
a.iN
. N
: Well, really, I don’t think I can wait.
v‹dhš :
fh¤âU¡f KoahJ vd
M© 6
l a
l i
a
(
.iN
.N )
assaa aM© aa
(standing) Ãid¡»nw‹ É»wh®fŸ
Man 5
a s
a sa 5 ehD«jh‹, vd¡F ntiy¡F aneu«
: Neither can I. I’ll be very late for work. :
ass
aadd M»wJ É»wh®fŸ M© a
(standing) (Exit Man 5, and Man 6)
PP P P d
a d
k‰W« M© ( )( 5
ww.. btËnaW»‹wd® . .
ww it¤J g‰fis
6 )
wwww
Woman 6 : But surely, they can’t really be using
bg© 6
those tools to take out a tooth. ww
f©o¥ghf mªjw
vL¡f kh£O®fŸ.
wbghUis :
105
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Woman 4 : You heard what the Man said?
l a
l i
a .
i N
. N mªj :
M© brhštij nf£lhah?
bg© 4
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Woman 6 : And those men have gone, too. :
mªj M©fS« br‹W É£lh®fŸ
Man 7 a
dd s
a s
: Cowards, every one of them. They
všnyhU«
bg© 6
:
nfhiHfŸ. dd
mt®fŸ aass
ïij
P
.. P
can’t take it.aa jh§fkh£lh®fŸ nghy. Pa
M© 7
P a
. .v‹W bghŒjh‹
ww w w
wwww ww c©ikÆš gštÈ
Little Girl : Mummy, I was only joking about my
áWÄ m«kh vd¡F gštÈ :
toothache, too. I haven’t really got w
brh‹nd‹.
one. I was only trying to get off school.
w vd¡F
ïšiy. gŸË¡F¢ bršyhkš ïU¡f
m¥go¢ brh‹nd‹.
et
e t
Woman 7 : Nonsense, Dorothea, you know your
eet t bg© 7 : Dorothea, m¿î bf£ltns, rkayiw
lalai.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
tooth is as black as the kitchen range.
i
You’re only trying to get out of it. (The
l a
l a .iN
.N
å¢R nghš c‹ g‰fŸ fU¥ghf cŸsd
i
Ú mâÈUªJ btËna tu¥ gh®. (áWÄ
assaa saa
s
Little Girl breaks into a howl)
aa as
asaa myw¤ bjhl§»dhŸ)
et
Man 2
aadd M© 2
: I can’t stand howling children. I’m off.
PP P Padd
a : FHªijfŸ mGjh jh§f KoahJ - eh‹
(standing)
ww.. w
w .. ngh»nw‹ (É»wh®fŸ).
wwww wwww
.N
Man 3 : And I can’t stand them either.
M© 3 I’m : ehD« mt®fSl‹ Éf kh£nl‹ -
coming with you. (standing) c‹Dl‹ tU»nw‹ (É»wh®fŸ) (M©
(Exit Man 2 and Man 3) 2 k‰W« M© 3 btËnaW»wh®fŸ)
ai
Woman 7 : Now, see what you’ve done, Dorothea, bg© 7 : Ú brŒj fhÇa¤ij ghU. Dorothea, Ú mªj
eet t you’ve chased those men away.
eet t M©fis btËna mD¥ã cŸshŒ.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Little Girl : They’re lucky. (The Little Girl howls áWÄ :
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
mt®fŸ mâ®ZlrhÈfŸ. (áWÄ âU«gî«
assaa aa aa
again. The Nurse enters, this time with fjw Mu«ã¡»wh®fŸ. brÉÈa® ï¥nghJ
a s
a s a s
a s
as
a hacksaw)
ee t
Woman 2 : Oh, you horrible Man! ee t :
MSjh‹ Ú!
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Man 7
l
: Can’t I even make a joke?
a
l i
a.iN N bg© 2
. áW nfÈ Tl brŒa¡Tlhjh?
M© 7 :
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
Man 8
a s
a s
: We need something to cheer us up.
dd :
e«ik c‰rhf¥gL¤j VjhtJ brŒa
M© 8
dd aas s
P
.. Paa nt©L«.
PPa a
. . cgnahȴgJ
w
w
w
Woman 4 : Surely it’s against the law for a dentist
bg© 4
ww
kU¤Jt® ï¥go u«g« :
wwww
to use a saw like that. (The sound r£l¤J¡F
w w ww
òw«ghd Éõa«. miwÆš (
w
of violent sawing is heard from the ïUªJ bfh^ukhd u«g¤â‹ r¤j« nf£lJ
surgery. Man 4 groans loudly) M© 4 r¤jkhf KdF»wh®)
Woman 1 : Oh no, Joe! No, Joe! (Woman 1 makes bg© 1 : x ïšiy, Joe! ïšiy Joe! (bg© 1 xU
eet t e
a dash for the door but is prevented
et t kÂneu fjit cil¡f KaY»wh®.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N from opening it by Woman 2 and
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Mdhš bg© 2 k‰W« bg© 6 mij
assaa abg©
a 3 aa
Woman 6) âw¥gij jL¡»‹wd®)
aass
dd bg© 2
Woman 3 : You really must control yourself.
ddaas
:s Ú f£L¥ghlh ïU¡fD« .
P
..Paa
Woman 2 : There, there, dear. I’m sure it’s not as P
.. Paa : ïnjh, ïJ bfh^ukhdJ mšy v‹id
ww ww
wwww
e«ò. (mt®fŸ bg© 1 ïU¡ifÆš
wwww
bad as it sounds. (They place Woman
1 back in her seat) mk®¤âd®)
106
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
www.Padasalai.Net
ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N enough.
l a
l a .
i N
. N
Woman 6 : I’m not waiting to find out. I’ve heard
i v‹d :
el¡»wJ v‹W fhz fh¤âU¡f
bg© 1
KoahJ. eh‹ mâfkhf nf£LÉ£nl‹. l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aassabg©
a 3 v‹ gštÈ m¥gona ïU¡f£L«. aassaa
Woman 3 : I prefer to keep my toothache.
aadd bg© 4 ehD« jh‹ mªj ïL¡» :
a addthí¡F
ww P
Woman 4 : So do I. Me too. Those pliers would
.. P
never fit my mouth, anyway. It’s rÇahf
:
P P v‹
ïU¡fhJ . .mj‰F
w w gâš
wwww
better than being murdered, anyway.
(standing) (Exit Woman 3, Woman 4
and Woman 6)
bg© w w ww k‰W« bg©Ÿ
bfhiybrŒaglyh«.
bg©
btËnaW»‹wd®
Ã
(
‰ » w h
3,
® f
)
4
( )
6
Man 7 : Just watch them go, cowards every M© 7 : gh®¤JÉ£L bršY§fŸ, všnyhU«
et
e t one of them.
eet t nfhiHfŸ.
lalai.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
Woman 2 : It’s all very well you talking this way.
i
You don’t seem to have any nerves at
bg© 2 :
l a
l a .iN
.N
Ú§f ï›thW áªâ¥gJ ešyJjh‹. Mdh
i
c§f »£ilí« ijÇa« ïU¡»w khâÇ
assaa saM©
s a7 ssaa
all. bjÇay.
aa aa
et
Man 7
PP add
: This is nothing to some of the things
a P Padd
a: eh‹ nfŸÉ¥g£lij Él ïJ x‹W« bgÇJ
w..
I’ve heard of. I could tell you things
w
that would make your hair stand on w
w .. mšy. eh‹ brhšY« Éõa§fŸ ïWâÆš
c§fŸ Kofis Éf brŒí« m‹bwhU
wwww ww
.N
end. There was once .....
Woman 2 : I’m sure we don’t want to hear it. My
bg© 2
w
w :
ehŸ...
eh‹ nf£¡f ÉU«gÉšiy, f©o¥ghf
hair is standing on end already. (The v‹ KofŸ V‰fdnt ËW bfh©Ljh‹
ai
sawing is heard again, even louder ïU¡»wJ. (u«g« r¤j« kWgoí«
eet t and harsher this time. Woman 1 wails
eet t nf£»wJ. ï‹D« r¤jkhf ga§fukhf
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
and Man 4 groans)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l
4 KdF»wh‹)a
l a .iN
.N
nf£»wJ. bg© 1 mG»whŸ. k‰W« M©
i
assaa a s abg©
s a 5
Woman 5 : Don’t you want to see any more of
a :
a s
a aa
s
ï‹D« Ãiwa ÉLKiw ngh£nlhit
as
aadd
my holiday photos? (Exit Man 8) Well,
P P PPaadd
gh®¡f ngh»¿®fsh?
w
w ..
really, how rude! (Woman 5 moves to
ww.. (M© 8 btËnaW»wh®) M«!
wwww ww
Woman 7.) Would you like to see some (bg© 5 br‹W bg© 7 mU»š mk®»whŸ)
ww
ad
of my holiday photos?
Woman 7 : Well, I don’t really….. bg© 7 :
ïšiy vd¡F nt©lh«
Woman 5 : Now, now, don’t be shy. Now, this one bg© 5 : T¢r« bfhŸshÔ®fŸ. ïnjh, ïªj
is a bit blurred, but down in the corner
t t
.P
assaa aa aa
photograph reluctantly and looks at áWigaid gh®¡fyh«. (bg© 7 mtsJ
w
a
dd s
a s
it vacantly. The surgery door opens
a
dd s
a s
ngh£nlhit fh©ã¤J mij T®ikahf
P
.. Paa
and the Dentist enters. He looks very
P
.. Paa gh®¤J¡bfh©oUªjh®. miwÆ‹ fjî
w
w
hot and bothered. He stands in the
w ww âwªjJ. kU¤Jt® buh«g nfhgkhf fjÉ‹
wwww
doorway)
wwww g¡f« Ë¿Uªjh®)
w
107
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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wwww wwww
ww
www.Padasalai.Net
ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l a .
i N
.
Woman 5 : Well, really, people are very rude.
i
(Woman 5 looks at the wailing Woman
N Mkh«,
m‰wt®fŸ.
:
c©ikÆš, k¡fŸ kÇahij
bg© 5
bg© mGJ¡bfh©oU¡F« a (
l l i
a .iN
.N
5
assaa aa aassaa
1) Whatever is the matter, my dear?
dd bg© 1
1
bg© gh®¡»wh® v‹d elªjJ brhšY,
a
my dear?
adda ass aa )
ww P
.. P
Woman 1 : It’s Joe! Poor Joe! Goodness knows
w P P
. .k£Lnk bjÇí«.
: Joe! Poor Joe!
mt®
w
v‹d ÃyikÆš
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
He’s in there. (Woman 1 points to the
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
brŒ»wh®. mt® cŸns ïU¡»wh®. (bg©
assaa abg©
a 5 aa
surgery.) 1 mWitỢir miwia gh®¡»wh®?
aass as
as
et
Woman 5 : Well ,I don’t suppose he has come :
aadd
to any harm. (Woman 5 sits beside
PP P Padd
a
mtU¡F vªj fhaK« ï‹¿ mt® tUth®.
(bg© 5, bg© 1 mU»š ïUªjh®)
w ..
Woman 1) I tell you what, dear, you
w w
w .. c‹id eh‹ C¡f¥gL¤J»nw‹. ïnjh
wwww wwww
.N
need cheering up. Here, you just have v‹ ÉLKiw òif¥gl§fŸ, mit Äfî«
a look at my holiday photos. They’re rªnjhrkhdit (bg© 1 É«Ä mH
ever so cheerful. (Woman 1 breaks Mu«ã¤jh®)
ai
into fresh sobs)
Woman 5 : Oh, dear me! Where’s that very
eet t amusing one? (Woman 5 looks eet t bg© 5 : X, v‹ bršynk! ïnjh áwªj x‹W? (bg©
5 mtdJ òif¥gl¤ij c‰Wneh¡»dhŸ)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al a i .iN
.N
through her photographs.) I must have
l l a l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Inah, Mkh«! mJ ï§nfjh‹ ïU¡F«.
assaa aa aa
lost it. Ah, yes! It’ll probably be over eh‹ mij bjhiy¤JÉ£nl‹. (bg©
a s
a s a s
a s
as
aadd
there. (Woman 5 walks across to her
previous position and starts looking
P P P P add
5 mtdJ giHa ïU¡if¡F br‹W
a
bjhiy¤j òif¥gl¤ij njodhŸ. bg© 1
w
w ..
for the lost photograph. Woman 1
ww.. mGifia mu«ã¤jhŸ. M© 1 miwÆš
wwww
continues sobbing. Enter Man 1 from
wwww ïUªJ btËna tU»wh®)
ad
the surgery.)
Man 1 : Why, whatever is the matter, Emily?
M© 1 V‹, v‹d elªjJ : Emily?
Woman 1 : Joe, Joe, are you all right? Let me look bg© 1 : Joe, Joe, Ú e‹whf ïU¡»whah?
t t
.P
ee t at you, Joe!
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Man 1
I be all right?
l a
l i
a.iN. N
: Of course I’m all right. Why shouldn’t
eh‹ :
e‹whf jh‹ ïU¡»nw‹? V‹ eh‹
M© 1
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa abg©
a 1 Mdhš, mªj R¤â k‰W« u«g«.aassaa
ï›thW ïU¡f nt©L«?
w
aass
Woman 1 : But, Joe, all that hammering and
dd M© 1 X, mJth! kU¤Jt® mtuJ : Joe,
dfjitia
d
sawing.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
cabinet.
Woman 1 : His cabinet? bg© 1 mt® miwah? :
Man 1 : Yes, you see he lost the key. M© 1 : M«, mt® rhÉia¤ bjhiy¤JÉ£lh®.
eet t e
Woman 1 : So he hasn’t done anything to you,
et t bg© 1 : mt® c‹id VJ« brŒaÉšiyah?, Joe!
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Joe!
lal i
a.iN
.N VJ« ïšiy. fhiyÆš ï›tsî neu« lalai.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Man 1 : Not a thing, and I can’t wait any
M© 1 :
a
dd s
a s
longer this morning. I’ve made an
a as s
fh¡f KoahJ. mtÇl« rha§fhy« rªâ¡f
th§»íŸns‹.ad d
P
..Paa
appointment with him for this evening
instead. The nurse gave me some pills P
.. P a
Appointment
brÉÈa®
ww tÈia Fiw¡f
wáy
w kUªJfŸ (pills)
wwww
to deaden the pain in the meantime.
Woman 1 : Oh, Joe, I was so upset.
bg© 1
bfhL¤JŸsh®.
X, , eh‹
wwbfh©nl‹.
wwftiy : Joe
108
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Man 1
l a
l i
a . N
. N
: Well, it’s all right now, Emily, so let’s
i
go. (Woman 1 and Man 1 go out left.
M«, :
ï¥nghJ e‹whf ïU¡»nw‹,
M© 1
òw¥glyhkh? bg© k‰W« M© la
l i
a(.iN
.N 1
assaa aa a
dd s aa
s
A moment later the Nurse enters from
a
the surgery. She is walking across the
fʤJ
1
ïlJòw« btËna¿dh® áyÃÄl«
brÉÈa® btËna
a a aass
dïlJòw«
d
tªJ. mtŸ
aa
ww P
.. P
stage when the Dentist enters left.nkilia neh¡»
btËnaU»wh®. w
el¡f
w PP
. . ifÆš
kU¤Jt®
lalai.iN
.N
Nurse
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
: I’m afraid the first patient couldn’t wait.
However, he made an appointment for
brÉÈa® :
l a
l i
a .iN
eh‹
.N gaªnj‹. mt® fh¤âU¡f
ÉU«gÉšiy. v¥gonah, mt® khiyÆš
et
Dentist
aadd
: Fair enough. I’ll take the next patient.
PP P Padd
a : rÇ guthÆšiy, mL¤j egiu gh®¡»nw‹.
ww..
(Dentist goes into the surgery. Nurse
w
w .. (kU¤Jt® cŸns bršy brÉÈa® bg©
wwww ww
.N
turns to Woman 5 who is still looking 5 âU«ò»wh®. mtŸ ï‹D« òif¥gl¤ij
Nurse
at her photographs.)
: Now, madam, the dentist is ready.
brÉÈa®
w
w :
gh®¡»whŸ.
Mam, kU¤Jt® ï¥nghJ jahuhf cŸsh®?
ai
(Woman 5 looks up.) (bg© 5 nkny gh®¡»wh®)
eet t
Woman 5 : Do you mean me, Miss?
eet t bg© 5 : v‹idah miH¡»wh®fŸ?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Nurse
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
: Yes, would you step into the surgery, brÉÈa® :
l a
l i .iN
.N
Ú§fŸ kU¤Jt® rªâ¡f miw¡F
a
assaa aa aa
please? (Nurse goes into the surgery.) bršY§fŸ? (brÉÈa® mWitỢir
aass a s
a s miw¡F brš»wh®)
as
aadd bg© 5
Woman 5 : Dear me, that long queue did move
P P P Paadd : mªj bgÇa tÇir Ó¡»u« KoªJÉ£Ljh?
w
w ..
quickly, didn’t it? (Woman 5 follows
ww.. (bg© 5 brÉÈaiu ã‹bjhl®ªJ
wwww
the Nurse into the surgery.)
wwww miw¡F br‹wh®)
ad
MáÇa® F¿¥ò
»¿°nlhg® É¡l® g®é° (Christopher Victor Burgess) xU eif¢Rit ehlf MáÇa®, (humorous
t t
.P
ee t ee t
playwright) ehlf¤âš mtUila rknah»j eif¢RitahdJ (situational humour) fjhgh¤âu§fË‹
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
cz®îfis tYñ£L»wJ. mt® midtU¡Fnk á.É.g®é° v‹nw m¿Kfkhdt®. mtUila
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
ehlf§fŸ mâf v©Â¡ifÆyhd fjhgh¤âu§fis¡ bfh©oU¡F«. ‘Short plays for large classes’,
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
‘Teach yourself speech Training’ k‰W« ‘Classroom Play house verse in Action’ ngh‹wit ïtÇ‹ òfœbg‰w
gil¥òfŸ MF«.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
w
w ww
wwww wwww
1. Complete the summary of the play choosing the appropriate words from the list given
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a i .iN
.N
later, the nurse comes out and goes in with a (5) hammer. Everyone is (6) frightened at this,
l a
assaa s aa
s ssaa
imagining. Joe being subjected to a lot of hammering in the process of his tooth being pulled out.
a a
dd a addaa
Once again the nurse comes out to fetch a large pair of (7) plier and later on she takes in a (8)
a a
w P
..P ww P
.. P
hacksaw. A little boy confesses that he pretended to have (9) toothache, because he did not wish
w
wwww wwww
to go to school. The loud (10) sawing and screeching from within the room makes everyone leave
the (11) clinic, one by one. Finally there are only two women in the waiting room, one of them being
109
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
Joe’s wife. She weeps (12) worried about her husband. But Joe comes out and explains that he had
lalai .iN
.N a i
a .iN
.N a i
a .iN
.N
shifted his (13) appointment to the evening and had been given some pills for the pain. After they
l l l l
assaa dd s
a aa
s a
dd s
a aa
s
leave, the dentist comes out and locates the key of his tool (14) cabinet He had been trying to open
a
it using the hammer, the pliers and the hacksaw only in vain. The woman with the photographs is
aa aa
w P
.. P ww P
..P
surprised to see that the (15) queue had moved quickly and she was the next patient to go in.
w
wwww wwww
2. Based on your understanding of the play, complete the Graphic Organiser (GO) suitably.
(Pg.No. 100)
Settings: Characters:
et
e t In the dentist’s clinic
eet
Men-8,
t
Women-8,
Dentist,
a little girl
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Nurse,
l a
l i
a
a little boy .iN
.N
assaa saa
s
Title:
aa The first patient
as
asaa
et
PPaadd
Author: C.V. Burgess
P Padd
a
ww..
Climax: The dentist had w
w ..
Humorous elements:
wwww wwww
.N
been trying to open the 1. A little boy pretended to have toothache because he did not
instrument cabinet, using wish to go to the school.
the hammer, the pliers and 2. Woman 5 is bent on showing everyone her photograph. When
ai
others are worried about horrible sound.
hacksaw. because he lost
eet t the key eet t
3. Some of them thought that Dentist was using hammer, pliers
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.Nand hacksaw for treating teeth
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa
s a
3. Answer the following questions in about three or four sentences each s
a aa
s
as
aadd
a) Who were the patients waiting for?
P P P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
Five women eight men and a little boy and a little girl were the patient’s waiting for.
wwww wwww
ad
t t
.P
ee t ee t
The other Women reacted normally and some times got disgusted which were shown by woman 5.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Sometimes their reaction were changed when they heard the horrible noise from the surgery.
assaa aa aa
d) Are children afraid of visiting the dentist? Give reasons.
w
a s
a s a s
a s
Yes, children are afraid of visiting the dentist. The sound of hammering is heard from the surgery.
dd dd
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
They are frightened at this, imagining that dentist would treat their teeth by hammering in the
w
w
w
process by their tooth being pulled out.
ww
wwww wwww
e) What were the strange instruments the nurse carried to the surgery? How did the waiting
w
assaa dd s
a aa
s ddaassaa
being subjected to a lot of hammering in the process of his tooth being pulled out. Sawing and noises
a
screeching from within the room makes everyone leave the clinic, one by one except two women.
aa aa
P
..P
g) Why did they sympathize with the first patient?
ww ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
They sympathized with the first patient because they imagined that the doctor was treating the first
patient by using the hammer, the pliers and hacksaw to pullout his tooth.
110
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t
h) Why did Woman I panic more than the others? eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
Woman, paniced more than the others because her husband Joe was the first patient. When the
l
assaa i) aadd s
a aa
s
Woman 5 was not aware of what was happening. Why? aadd s
a aa
s
sound of hammering and sawing are heard from the surgery. She worried a lot and cried too.
a a
w P
.. P w P
..P
Woman 5 took a packet of photographs from her handbag. Throughout the play, she concentrated on
w w
wwww wwww
showing her photographs to others, and seeing her photographs. So woman 5 was not aware of what
was happening.
j) How did Woman 5 move ahead in the waiting list of patients?
The woman 5 is surprised to see that the queue had moved quickly because of the horrible sound
et
e t eet t
from surgery. She was the next patient to go in.
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
k) Why do patients leave the clinic without meeting the dentist?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a saa
s assaa
Without knowing the truth, they were confused and worried. The loud sawing and screeching from
a a
et
Paadd P Padd
a
within the room makes everyone leave the clinic without meeting the dentist.
P
l)
ww..
What had really happened in the dentist’s room?
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
The dentist was trying to force open his instrument cabinent as the key was lost. He found it later it
was under the telephone directory.
ai
4. The play starts with the following dialogue. (Pg.No. 101)
t t t t
Woman 5: We’ll have some time to wait before the dentist sees us, dear.
ee ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Here, the italicized word dentist refers to a person whose job is treating people’s dental problems.
assaa aa aa
Often the words ending with the suffix ‘ist’ denote a person who practises, is an expert in, or holds
certain principles.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
Paadd P Paadd
Now, read the descriptions given under Column A and match them with their correct (-istwords)
P
w
w .. ww..
describing specialists in the various fields of medicine given under column B.
wwww wwww
ad
No. A B
1 one who specializes in lung problems gynaecologist -3
2 one who specializes in skin problems gastroenterologist -6
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 3
l a
l a.iN
.N
one who treats diseases specific to women
i l a
l i
a.iN
.N
dermatologist -2
assaa aa aa
w
6 w
w
one who treats stomach disorders ww cardiologist -9
wwww wwww
w
assaa Cynology
I chthyology
-
-
aadd s
a aa
s
study of dog training
a
Study of fish
add
a aassaa
Ornithology
ww P
..
-P Study of birds
ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
Oology - Study of bird’s eggs
111
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
Ans: 1. reduce
l a
l i
a .iN
LISTENING (See the questions in Textbook Pg No. 102)
.N .N l a
l
2. accepted 3. waiting room 4. spontaneous 5. living i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s aa
s a s aa
s
5. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of about 80-100 words each.
aadd a aadd a
i) Based on your understanding of the play, explain how a mistake understanding of events
w P
.. P ww P
..P
can lead to confusion. How has the author used this unexpected combination of events
w
wwww wwww
in the situation to create humour?
A number of patients wait at the waiting room of a dentist clinic. Everybody is tensed at the thought of a
painful tooth being extracted. After the arrival of the dentist, Joe, the patient is called in. Sometime later,
the nurse comes out and goes in with a hammer. Everyone is frightened at this, confusion is started that
they are imagining Joe being subjected to a lot of hammering in the process of his tooth being pulled
et t e t t
out. Once again the nurse comes out to fetch a large pair of pliers and later on she is taken in a cabinet.
e e
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Again all the persons who are in the waiting room get confused, They wondered that, why the dentist
need such a tool for treating the tooth. Everyone is frightened. The loud sawing and screeching from
assaa asaa
s as
asaa
within the room makes everyone leave except two women. Thus mistaken understanding of events can
a
et
PP add P P dd
lead to confusion. Readers surely enjoy the humour of their confusion when the truth is revealed to the
a aa
w.. w
w ..
readers. Humorous elements are started when a little boy confesses that he pretended to have tooth
w
ache because he did not wish to go to school When others are worried about the horrible sound, woman
wwww wwww
.N
5 is bent on showing everyone her photographs That brings humour to us for her foolish act. Some of
them thought that Dentist was using hammer, pliers and hacksaw for treating tooth which were actually
used to open the instrument cabinet .Finally this brings lot of humour to the reader. On the whole, readers
ai
had a visual treat to relax them from stress and they definitely enjoyed each and every humour in it.
eet t eet t
ii) Have you ever found yourself in such a situation ? Discuss in groups and act out such a
l a
l i
a .iN
.Nsituation. al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Once I visited the dental hospital with my mother for my cavity problem. I couldn’t bear toothache. My
a s
a s a s
a s
as
neighbour kept on talking about their family problem and asking me to give solution But, how could I give
Paadd P Paadd
when I had a toothache. I thought myself that they were funny people. After an hour, Nurse called in Dentist
P
w
w .. w ..
examined my mouth and was shocked that I had a rare kind of teeth. Dentist asked me what sweets were
w
wwww wwww
liked by me I replied, just didn’t like only three kinds of sweets. Dentists wondered and laughed too. Dentists
ad
asked his assistant and other patients to look at it. I thought that I would become a one man freak show I
decided to get concession when I was paying bill. Because I contributed my teeth for their further research.
Paragraph for Toppers (gifted students):
t t
.P
ee t ee t
‘The first patient’ by C V Burgess - dentist’s waiting room - dentist arrives - first patient
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
enters - nurse carries hammer, pair of pliers, a hacksaw - surgical room - strange sounds
- reaction of patients - dentist tries to open tool cabinet - everyone leaves - except one.
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s OR
a
dd s
a s QY - 2019
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
The dentist’s clinic - many patients wait - tensed - tooth - to be extracted - the arrival of
w
the dentist - Joe, the first patient - called in - the nurse goes - with hammer - reaction
w
w ww
of patients - loud sound of sawing and screeching - other patients fear - go away - Joe
wwww wwww
comes out - hammer, pliers - to open tool box Mar 2019, May 2022
w
OR
Patients wait - dental clinic - all the patients - busy talking - nurse walks about - carries
- hammer - plier - hacksaw - woman creates commotion - all the patients - leave clinic -
eet t eet t
women 5 still stays - doctor has lost key - tries to open - cabinet - women - thinks - Joe
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
- her husband - crying with pain - atlast - Joe explain actual reason Aug 2022
assaa s aa s aa
Plan of the paragraph:
Introduction a
dd a s ddaa s
P
..
First Patient Paa P
.. Paa
ww ww
wwww wwww
Misunderstanding
Conclusion
112
eet t eet t
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iNIntroduction:
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
Christopher Victor Burgess is a humorous playwright. His situational humour reflects the emotions
l
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
of the characters in the play. The author narrates the play ‘The First Patient’ with the help of his
characters’ conversation.
aa a
dd a aa a
dd a
First Patient:
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
wwww wwww
When the play starts, several patients are at the waiting room of a dentist’s clinic. They are tensed at
the thought of their painful tooth being extracted with queer looking tools. When the dentist arrives,
the first patient is called in. Others wait eagerly for Joe’s treatment. After sometimes the nurse
comes out and goes in with a hammer followed by a pair of pliers and then a hacksaw. Everyone
is imagining that Joe being subjected to a lot of hammering and sawing in the process of his tooth
et
e t
extraction.
eet t
lalai.iN
.NMisunderstanding:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa asaa
s as
asaa
The small kids confess their toothache drama to be away from school. The grown-ups begin to
a
et
PP add P P dd
leave the clinic with fear. Finally, only two women are left in the waiting room. When Mrs. Joe weeps
a aa
w.. w
w ..
bitterly, Joe comes out in fine form. He explains that the dentist had misplaced his tool cabinet key.
w
He was trying to open it with the hammer, pair of pliers and hacksaw.
wwww wwww
.N
Conclusion:
The play appeals more to the readers with its humour arising from confusion than with its plot. The
ai
misunderstanding creates humour in the story.
t t
Paragraph for Average students:
ee eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.NStory al l
The First Patient
a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Author
a
C.V. Burgesss
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
Characters aadd aadd
Women 1-8, Men1-8, Dentist, Nurse, A little boy and A little girl
P P P P
Theme
w
w .. ww..
Un expected combination of events bring humour
wwww wwww
ad
The play takes place in a dentist’s clinic. Several patients are waiting in the waiting room for the dentist.
They are tensed at the thought of their painful tooth being pulled out with queer looking tools. The
dentist arrived and called the first patient Joe in. After sometime a nurse carried a hammer, a pair of
pliers and a hacksaw. Patients became afraid of the noise from the room. The small kids and grown ups
t t
.P
ee t ee t
began to leave the clinic one by one with fear. Finally only two women were left waiting in the waiting
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
room. Joe came out and explained. The dentist had used the tools to open his tools cabinet. He had
assaa aa aa
not used them to pull his tooth out. The misunderstanding creates humour in the story.
w
a
dd s
a s
Paragraph for Slow learners: (Late bloomers) a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
Story w
w The First Patient ww
Author wwww C.V. Burgess wwww
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
la a.iN
.N
Patients are afraid of the noise from the room.
l l a
l a .iN
.N
After sometime, a nurse carries a hammer, a pair of pliers and hacksaw to the surgical room.
i i
assaa
dd s
a aa
s
They leave the clinic one by one.
a
The first patient comes out and explains.
aa add
a aassaa
P
..P P
.. P
The dentist had used the tools to open his tools cabinet and not for pulling the tooth out.
w
w w
The misunderstanding creates humour in the play.
w
wwww Humour springs from confusion wwww
113
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Prose
assaa Unit a
dd s
a aa
s a
dd s
a aa
s
4
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
ww ww
wwww wwww
et
e t T ight Corners eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N- edward verrall lucas lalai.iN
.N
assaa á¡fyhd NHšfŸ aasaa
s as
asaa
et
PPaadd P Padd
a
ww.. ww ..
wwww wwww
.N
ai
ghl¢ RU¡f«
eet t eet t
ï¥ghl gFâÆš fjháÇa® jh‹ xU ï¡f£lhd NœÃiyÆš (tight corner) kh£o¡ bfh©L ã‹d®
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a
mâÈUªJ v›thW j‹ rhk®¤âa¤âa¤jhš (sudden stroke of luck) j¥ã¤J¡ bfhŸ»wh® v‹gij.iN
.N
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
bjËthf brhšÈÆU¡»wh®. j‹ e©gUl‹ XÉa§fis Vy«ÉL« (auction) ïl¤â‰F brš»wh®.
a a a a
as
P P add P P add
všnyhU« x›bth‹whŒ Vy« É£L¡bfh©L«, gl§fis th§»¡bfh©L« ïU¡ifÆš MáÇa®
a a
w
w .. ww..
Éisah£lhf xU XÉa¤ij Vy« nf£»wh®. Mdhš ïtÇ‹ t§»¡ fz¡»š 63 gî©LfŸ k£Lnk
wwww wwww
cŸsJ. Mdhš Éisah£lhf Vy« nf£oU¡F« bjhifnah 4050 ïÅah¡fŸ. Éisah£lhf Vy«
ad
nf£L kh£o¡ bfhŸ»wh®. ïªj á¡fyhd jUd¤âÈUªJ j‹ rknahâj ò¤â¡T®ikahš (wit) v¥go
ït® ïªj ï¡bf£lhd NœÃiyÆš ïUªJ j‹id fh¤J bfhŸ»wh® v‹W ï¡f£LiuÆš ÉÇthf¡
fh©ngh«.
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
The talk was running on the critical situations
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
v§fŸ ng¢R á¡fyhd ÃiyÆš kh£o¡bfhŸS«
assaa aa aa
in which we had found ourselves — those of us
w
w
w
One man had been caught by the tide in Brit-
ww xU kÅj‹ flnyhu¥ gFâÆš BritainÆš nguiyÆš
wwww
tany and escaped by the skin of his teeth. Anoth-
wwwwkh£o¡bfh©ljhfî«, ã‹ò rhk®¤âakhf j‹
w
er had been on an elephant when a wounded tiger tÈikÆdhš j¥ãÉ£ljhfî« brh‹dh®. k‰bwhUt®
charged at it. A third had been on the top storey of fha¥g£l òÈahš jh¡f¥g£lnghJ ahidÆ‹ ÛJ ïUªjhf
a burning house. A fourth was torpedoed in the War. T¿dh®. _‹whkt® mt® vÇí« å£o‹ _‹whtJ khoÆš
eet t eet t ïUªjh® vdî« T¿dh®. eh‹fhkt® nghÇš Vîfidahš
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
.”But you all talk,” said one of the company,“
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
jh¡f¥g£lh® vdî« T¿dh®.
assaa aa aa
mt®fËš xUt® ‘Mdhš Ú§fŸ všnyhU« clš
a
dd s
a s
as though tight corners were always physical affairs.
aass
ßâahf kh£o¡bfh©lt®fis g‰¿na ngR»Ö®fŸ”.
dd
..Paa
Surely they can be tighter when they are mental.
P
The tightest corner I was ever in was at Christie’s.” P
.. Paa
f©o¥ghf mt®fŸ kdÃiyia Él clšÃiy ïU¡f«
bfh©lt®fŸ. eh‹ Äf nkhrkhd á¡fÈš ïUªjnghJ
ww ww
wwww wwww
á¡»¡bfh©nl‹”.
114
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N “Christie’s?”
l a
l i
a .iN
.N ¡iu°O°
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
“Yes. I had been lunching rather well at a “M«. y©lÅš bgÇjhf tÂf« eilbgW« bjUÉš
a
dd s
a s
club in St. James’s Street with an old friend from
a s
a s
(St. Jame’s street) cŸs vdJ giHa btËeh£L e©gUl‹
dd
P
.. Paa
abroad, and passing along King Street afterwards,
P
..Paa
kâa czî rh¥ã£nl‹, ã‹d® king streetia flªjnghJ,
w
he persuaded me to look in at the sale-room. The
w ww
mt® ɉgid miwia gh®itÆl v‹id t‰òW¤âdh®.
wwww
place was full. They were selling Barbizon pictures,
and getting tremendous sums for each: two
thousand, three thousand, for little bits of things —
wwww
mªj ïl« k¡fshš ÃiwªJ ïUªjJ. mt®fŸ Barbizon
gl§fis ɉwd®, x›bthU áW áW bghU£fisí«,
gl§fisí« ïu©lhÆu«, _thÆu« vd ešy Éiy¡F
forest scenes, pools at evening, shepherdesses, the ɉwd®. mt‰¿š, fh£L¥gl§fŸ, khiy neu¤J Fs§fŸ,
regular subjects.
et
e t eet t bkŒ¥g® MLnkŒ¡F« áWt‹ k‰W« v¥nghJ« nghy cŸs
rhjhud jiy¥ãyhd gl§fŸ ïUªjd.
lalai.iN
.N l a
l ai .iN
.N
Nothing went for three figures at all. Well, we
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
vªj VyK« _‹W ïy¡f v©fS¡F nkš Vy¤â‰F
assaa saa
s
watched for a little while and then I found myself
aa aassaa
nghfÉšiy. eh‹ nto¡ifahf Vy¤ij nf£nl‹. v‹Ål«
et
PPaadd
bidding too just for fun. I had exactly sixty-three
P P add
mWg¤â _‹W gî©£ k£Lnk t§»Æš ïUªjJ. IªüW
a
w..
pounds in the bank and not enough securities to
w
borrow five hundred on, and here I was nodding w w..
gî©l fl‹ bgw eh‹ xU bgÇa gz¡fhu® nghy Vy
ɉgizahsUl‹ jiyia M£ond‹.
wwww ww
.N
away to the auctioneer like a bloatocrat.
‘You’ll get caught,’ my friend said to me.
w w
`Ú f©o¥ghf kh£o¡ bfhŸthŒ, vd e©g‹ v‹Ål«
T¿dh‹
ai
‘No, I shan’t, I said. ‘I’m not going to run any
risks’. “ïšiy, eh‹ kh£o¡bfhŸskh£nl‹,”v‹W T¿nd‹.
eet t eet t eh‹ vªj Éjkhd ïl®fS¡F« cŸshfkh£nl‹” v‹W
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al a i
a .iN
“And for a long time I didn’t. And then a picture
.N
was put up and a short red- faced man in a new top-
l l
eh‹ brh‹nd‹.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
“Ú©l neu« eh‹ á¡fš x‹¿Y« kh£o¡bfhŸsÉšiy
a s
a s
hat — some well-known dealer — who had bought
a s
a s
x‹W« brŒaÉšiy. ã‹d® xU XÉa¤ij Vy¤â‰F
as
P Paadd
quite a number, electrified the room by starting the
bidding at a figure a little higher than any that he
P Paadd
bfh©LtªJ it¤jh®fŸ. át¥ò Kf¤ij bfh©l bjh¥ãia
w
w ..
had yet given or that anything had reached.
w ..
mªâUªj xU òâa kÅj® xU gl¤ij Vy¤â‰fhf K‹nd
w
wwww wwww
it¤jh®. ahU« nf£f ïayhj Éiyia XÉa¤â‰F nf£L
ad
ee t
guineas or a hundred guineas, with a gradual cre-
e e t v©iz¤ bjh£lJ. áw¥ghd Koit neh¡» eh‹ mo¡fo
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a a.iN
.N
scendo to which I had often been safely contribut-
i
ing. But no sooner was the new picture displayed
l l a
l a.iN
.N
ghJfh¥ghf g§fˤnj‹. Mdhš á¿J neu¤âš òâa¥gl«
i
it¡f¥g£lîl‹ ÉahghÇ gu¥gu¥ghf Mu«g¤ bjhifahf
assaa aa aa
w
ddaas s
“eh‹F MÆu« Guineas” v‹W T¿dh®.
P
.. Paa P Paa
.ÃyÉaJ.
.
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
have done at first, that he had shot his bolt.
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
ga‹gL¤âÆU¡»wh® v‹W ï¥nghJ eh‹ cz®ªnj‹.
assaa aa aa
“Four thousand and fifty guineas offered”, said “eh‹F MÆu¤J I«gJ Guineas tH§f¥gL«”,
a
dd s
a s
the auctioneer, again searching the room.
ddaass
âU«gî« miwia neh£lÄ£L¡bfh©L Vy« ÉLgt®
..Paa
“My heart stopped; my blood congealed. There
P P
T¿dh®.
.. Paa
w
was no sound but a curious smothered noise from
w ww vdJ ïjaJo¥ò ËwJ. ïu¤j« ciwªjJ. vªj
my friend.
wwww wwwwr¤jK« ï‹¿ v‹ e©gÅ‹ f£LgL¤jg£l r¤j« k£Lnk
nf£lJ.
115
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
“‘Four thousand and fifty guineas. Any ad-
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
“eh‹F MÆu¤J I«gJ Guineas” eh‹fhÆu¤J
vance on four thousand and fifty guineas?’ — and I«gâ‰F VjhtJ nfŸÉ c©lh? ãwF R¤âaš mo¡f¥g£L
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
”That was a nice pickle to be in! Here was I,
Vy« Ko¡f¥g£lJ.
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Vy miwÆ‹ cŸns ïU¡f vd¡F beU¡foahf
w P
.. P ww P
..P
with sixty-three pounds in the world and not five ïUªjJ!, mWg¤J _‹W gî‹o‰F eh}W gî‹£
w
wwww wwww
hundred pounds’ worth of securities, the purchaser Éiy kâ¥ò bgwhj vd¡F ão¡fhj mªjgl¤ij
of a picture which I didn’t want, for four thousand nt©lhj,ïªehËš ca®ªj Éiyahd eh‹fhÆu¤J I«gJ
and fifty guineas, the top price of the day. uineas ‰F th§»nd‹.
g
Turning for some kindly support to my friend fÅthd MWjš bgw v‹ e©gid neh¡» âU«ãnd‹.
et
e t eet t
I found that he had left me; but not, as I feared at eh‹ gh®¤jnghJ v‹id jÅna É£L br‹¿Uªjh‹; mªj
lalai.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
the moment, from baseness, but, as I afterwards
i
discovered, in order to find a remote place in which
l a
l
ËW v‹ Ãiyia gh®¤J áǤjh‹.
a .iN
.N
ÃÄl« gaªnj‹, Mdhš, v‹ e©g‹, jÅikahd ïl¤âš
i
assaa saa
s
to lean against the hall and laugh.
aa aas saa
et
aadd nrfÇ¥gtÇl« v‹ fh®il x¥gil¡f eh‹PP
.”Stunned and dazed as I was, I pulled myself
PP
eh‹ ïij¡ f©L
a
m⮢áailªnj‹.
adïašghf
d gz«
ww..
together sufficiently to hand my card, nonchalantly
ww . . rkhË¡f eh‹
m§F
wwww wgl§fŸ
w tªJ ɉgid
.N
(I hope) to the clerk who came for the millionaire
ïUªnj‹. mL¤J tU« ãu¢ridia
collector’s name, and then I set to pondering on
nahá¤nj‹- gl§fŸ nkš
the problem what to do next. Picture after picture
w w
M»wJ .eh‹ vijí« gh®¡fÉšiy. eh‹ Xo br‹W
ai
was put up and sold, but I saw none of them. I fl‹ th§f rh¤âakhf ïU¡Fbk‹W khkhÉ‹ bga®
was running over the names of uncles and other
eet t e
persons from whom it might be possible to borrow,
et t kd¤âiuÆš tU»wjh vd¥ gh®¤nj‹. Mdhš tuÉšiy.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
but wasn’t; wondering if the moneylenders who .N a i
a .iN
kWgoí« ï¥gl¤ij Vy« Él rh¤âa¡TW cŸsjh? vd
.N
ÉdÉnd‹. vdJ Vœikia eh‹ cŸs xU gÂahsÇl«
l l
assaa s aa s aa
talk so glibly about ‘note of hand only’ really mean
a a s a a s
vL¤J¡T¿nd‹. mªj gl¤ij âU«gî« Vy« Él
as
P Paadd
it; speculating on the possibility of confessing my
poverty to one of Christie’s staff and having the
P P add
brh‹nd‹. ïJjh‹ áwªj tÊ - mid¤J Ka‰áí«
a
w
w ..
picture put up again. That was the best way —
ww..
brŒjãwF eh‹ ïªj Vy¤ij v›thW brŒa ngh»nw‹,
mªj gÂahs® tskhf fh£áaˤjhY« ïu¡fk‰wt®, ïJ
wwww
and yet how could I do it after all the other bids
wwww
ad
e t
have been rectified at once.
e ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
”Meanwhile the sale came to an end and I
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
rÇahdneu« ɉgid Koî¡F tªjJ. eh‹
assaa aa aa
stood on the outskirts of the little knot of buyers ÉahghÇfŸ ïU¡F« btË ïl¤â‰F br‹nw‹. mt®fŸ
w
a
dd s
a s
round the desk who were writing cheques and
a s
a s
fhnrhiy vGâ¡bfh©L« tÊKiwfŸ brh‹dh®fŸ.
dd
P
.. Paa
giving instructions. Naturally I preferred to be the
P
.. Paa
v¥nghJ« nghš eh‹jh‹ filá. mªj neu« v‹ e©gDl‹
w
w
w
last. It was there that I was joined by my friend;
wwnru Ka‹nw‹, v‹id gh®¤jîl‹ mt‹ if¡F£ilahš
wwww
but only for a moment, for at a look at my face he
wwww j‹Kf¤ij _o¡ bfh©lh‹. ÉâÆ‹ go eh‹ jÅahf
w
rammed his handkerchief in his mouth and again Él¥g£nl‹. v‹ thœehËš mijnghš K£lhŸjdkhf eh‹
disappeared. Alone I was to *dree this awful weird. cz®ªjâšiy. ïu¡fÄšyhj kÅjiu gh®¤jJÄšiy.
I have never felt such a fool or had colder feet in all
t t
my life. I believe I should have welcomed a firing
ee eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
party.
lal i
a.iN
.N thœ¡ifÆš áy neu§fËš lalai.iN
”And then the unexpected happened, and I
ne®ikíŸs .N
assaa aa a ssaešbyhG¡f¤â‰F
a vdJm¥ghš
realized that a career of rectitude sometimes has
a
rewards beyond the mere consciousness of virtue. A
cz®ªnj‹. fhâš a
btFkâfŸ bg‰WŸsJ v‹gij
dd “k‹Å¤J¡ bfhŸS§fŸ, rh®, Ú§fŸ bgÇa
xU Fuš
a
âObud
a as
ddbgÇas
brh‹dJ,
aa
P
..P
voice at my ear suddenly said, ‘Beg pardon. Sir, but
ww w w P
. P
.jhnd?”
kÅj®,
wwww wwww
Daubigny
was you the gent that bought the big Daubigny?”
gl¤ij th§»a Ókh‹ Ú§fŸ
“I admitted it. “eh‹ jh‹ v‹W x¥ò¡bfh©nl‹”.
116
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l l a .iN
.N
.” Well, the gent who offered four thousand
a i
guineas wants to know if you’ll take fifty guineas
l a
l a .iN
.N
e‹W, eh‹F MÆu« Guineas c§fS¡F mˤjbgÇa
i
kÅj® c§fŸ Vy¤ij I«gJ G uineas‰F bg‰W¡
assaa for your bid.’
a a
dd s
a aa
s
.”If ever a messenger of the high gods wore
a a s aa
s
bfhŸå®fsh? vd bjǪJbfhŸs Ãid¡»wh®.”
aadd a
ca®ªj flîË‹ öj® xU fuLKulhd g¢ir f«gË
P
.. P
a green baize apron and spoke in husky Cockney
ww ww P
..P
nky§» mªJ bfhHbfhHbt‹w FuÈš ngádh®.
wwww wwww
tones this was he. I could have embraced him and mtiu f£o jGÉ rªnjhr¤âš eidªnj‹. I«gJ Guineas
wept for joy. Would I take fifty guineas.’’ vL¤Jbfh©oU¥ng‹. V‹ eh‹ Fiwªj fhir vL¤J
bfhŸs nt©L«.
Why, I would have taken fifty farthings. “ïJ jh‹ nf£f¡ Toa mâfg£r Éiyah?” v‹W
et
e t eet
.”But how near the surface and ready, even in
t
the best of us, is worldly guile! ‘Is that the most he
nf£nl‹.
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
would offer?’ I had the presence of mind to ask.
l a a .iN
.N
“mtÅl« brhšY§fŸ eh‹ üW vL¤J bfhŸ»nw‹”,
i
eh‹ brhšÈ ãwF bg‰W¡bfh©nl‹.
l
assaa saa s aa
.” ‘It’s not for me to say,’ he replied. ‘No ‘arm
aa s aas
v‹ e©gid eh‹ fhQ« nghJ ehD« áǤJ
et
PPaadd
in trying for a bit more, is there?’ “Tell him I’ll take a
hundred,’ I said. “And I got it.
P P dd
bfh©oUªnj‹, Mdhš mt‹ mªj fhnrhiy
aa
ww..
.”When I found my friend I was laughing too,
w
w ..gh®¤jîl‹ ka§»dh‹”. “všyh« mâ®Zl«. ešyJ eh‹
bjhl§F»nw‹” v‹wh‹.
wwww wwww
.N
but he became grave at once on seeing the cheque. eh‹ miH¡fÉšiyba‹whš Ú christie’s tªâU¡f
‘”Well, I’m hanged!’ he said. ‘Of all the luck! Well, KoahJ v‹gij kwªJÉlhnj” v‹W e©g‹ brh‹dh‹,
I’m hanged!’ “eh‹ mij kw¡f kh£nl‹“ v‹W T¿nd‹. “ïJ
ai
“Then he said, ‘Don’t forget that if it hadn’t mÊ¡fKoahj beU¥ghf v‹ beŠáš ïU¡F«. vdJ Ko
eet t
been for me you wouldn’t have come into Christie’s
eet t btŸisahf khwhJ, ghU§fŸ?”
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
at all.’ ‘I shall never forget it,’ I said. ‘It is indeli-
al i
bly branded in letters of fire on my heart. My hair
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa hasn’t gone white, has it?
a as aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
P P aadd F¿¥ò
MáÇa®
P Paadd
ww .xU. M§»y eif¢Rit vG¤jhs®, f£Liuahs®,wehlf
w ..
w w w
v.nt.ÿ¡fh° (1868-1938)
w vG¤jhs®, ò¤jf btËp£lhs®, fÉP®,w
w ww
ad
ee t ee t
g¤âÇ¡ifÆY« gÂah‰¿dh®. bg®dh®£ gh®£l‹ v‹w Fth¡f® fÉPÇ‹ thœ¡if
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
tuyh‰iw vGj mt® g¡f¥g£lh®. mij áw¥ghf vGâajhš rh®y° ny«ã‹
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
ò¤jf§fis kâ¥ãL« thŒ¥ò¡ »il¤jJ. ã‹ò ït® 1904š ‘gŠ¢’ v‹w ïjÊš thœehŸ
w
a s
a s
KGtJ« gÂah‰¿dh®. j‹ áW f£Liu¡fhf ãugykhdh®. gy ghlšfisí« (verses),
dd a
dd s
a s
ehlf§fisí« vGâíŸsh®.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
w
w ww
wwww GLOSSARY
w
w ww
w
TEXTUAL
Words Tamil Meaning Synonyms Antonyms
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
1. Brittany ãuh‹° eh£o‹ tl»H¡»š
cŸs
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
A region on the coast of
i
North – West France
-
wwww wwww
3. bloatocrat trâgil¤j A fat and rich person of -
high station
117
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
4. electrified cz®¢á bgh§f¢ brŒ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Shocked
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Fearless/calm
assaa s aa s aa
5. crescendo Progress towards a climax Decreasing
go¥goahf ca®jš
dd aa s a
dd a s
6. congealed
aa
ciwªJnghd
P
.. P P
..Pa
Thickened as if frozen
a Melt, dissolve
7. smothered
ww
thail
ww
Suppressed Allowed
8. nonchalantly
wwwwkd¡»s®¢áa‰w March 2023 wwww
Coolly / unconcernedly Concernedly Mar 23
9. glibly btWŠbrhš tsKila Smoothly but not sincerely Awkwardly, clumsily
10. note of hand V‰òila Promissory note Disagreement
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N
11. rectitude ne®ik
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Honesty,good behaviour
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Dishonesty, infamy
assaa aa aa
12. farthing fhR¡F As low as a paisa -
aass as
as
et
13. baize
PP add
bk‹ f«gË ÉÇ¥ò
a P Padd
Coarse woollen material
a -
14. guile ..
Nœ¢á âw‹
ww w
w ..
Cunning, deceit Honesty, frankness
wwww wwww
.N
15. indelible Ãiyahd cannot be rubbed out or Delible, erasable
removed
ai
ADDITIONAL TEXTUAL
eet t
Words Tamil meaning eet t
Synonyms Antonyms
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
1. rescued al
fh¥gh‰W l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Saved
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Imperil/danger
assaa mtkhd¥gL¤J a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
2. humiliation Embarrassment/shame Flattery/praise
PPaadd P Paadd
3. critical
..
F‰w§fh©»w
ww
Fault finding
ww.. Complimentary/praising
4. adventurous
wwwwcl‰TWfshf
J¢ryhd Daring,bold
wwww Prudent/cautious
ad
t t
.P
ee t
7. persuaded ïz§fit
ee t
Convinced dissuade
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
8. tremendous Äf¥bgÇa
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Huge
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Insignificant
assaa aa aa
w
9. modestly
s s
j‰bgUik bfhŸshj
a
dd a
Bashfully
a
dd s
a s boastfully
10. rustle
a
ruru xÈ
P
.. P a Whisper
P
.. Paa Noisy
w
11. curious
w
w
M®tKŸs
ww
Mysterious/queer Incurious
12. stunned
wwwwâif¥ó£L wwww
Astonished Unsurprised
w
eet t
15. speculating mDkhd« brŒ
eet t
contemplate Ignore/neglect
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
16. confess x¥ò¡bfhŸ
lal i
a.iN
.N
Admit
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Deny
wwww wwww
19. rammed jŸS bang into/ plunge / push tap
118
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
20. husky fufu¥ghd
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Loud
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Low
assaa aa aa
21. embraced jGîjš Hug/clasp Release
22. have cold feet a
dd s
a s
ÄFâahd ga« Too fearful a
dd s
a s
23. skin of his teeth P
.. Paa
mâ®Zltrkhf Narrowly P
..Paa
ww ww
24. shot his bolt
25. a nice picklewwww r¡âbg‰w
ï¡f£lhd Ãiy wwww
Achieved the power to do
Difficult position
26. dree this weird to put up with one’s fate
1.
et
e t eet t
Choose the most appropriate answer for the following questions. (Pg.No. 108)
lalai.iN
.N
a. ‘Tight Corner’ means a _____
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa saa s aa
i. difficult situation ii. crowded corner
aa s aas
et
iii. tragic incident
PPaadd P Padd
iv. fierce fight
a
b.
ww..
Barbizon refers to a ______
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
i. kind of paint ii. type of architecture
iii. region in Britain iv. French school of painters
c. The narrator visited the sale-room as he ______
ai
i. wished to see an auction ii. had a painting to sell
eet t
iii. was persuaded by his friend eet tiv. wanted to buy a painting
l a
l i
a .iN
d..N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l
The narrator had been a safe contributor at the auction, as ______ a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa i.
a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
there were bidders quoting higher prices ii. he had a sound financial background
as
aadd
iii. his friend had lent him money
P P aadd
iv. he did not make any bidding
P P
e. w
w ..
“And I got it.” Here ‘it’ refers to the ______ ww..
wwww wwww
ad
a. ee t ee t
What is a tight corner? Aug 2022 What happens when one finds oneself in a tight corner? GMQ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Tight corner refers to the difficult or critical situation that one faces in his life.
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
The person who finds himself in a tight corner becomes stressful both physically and mentally.
b.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
What is the difference between a physical and mental tight corner? March 2019
w
w
w w
Physical tight corner is something which is visualised in person on spot.
w
wwww wwww
One can over come this if he has extreme courageousness.
w
Mental tight corner affects the whole system of a man as his mind is filled with stress till he comes
out of it.
Infact it is more dangerous than physical tight corner.
c. eet t
Why did the narrator visit Christie’s?eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
The narrator visited Christie’s as his friend persuaded him to see the auction inside.
l
assaa d.
aa a s
a aa
s
aa aassaa
The narrator heard his own voice saying,”and fifty”.What does this suggest?
dd dd
The narrator without his knowledge and any understanding of the situation said, ‘and fifty’.
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
e. What was the narrator’s financial condition?
The narrator had exactly sixty – three pounds in the bank and he did not have securities even for five
119
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N hundred pounds.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
f. The narrator could not pretend to have made a mistake in bidding. Why?
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
The narrator could not pretend to have made a mistake in bidding because already he made many
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
biddings earlier which made others think of him as a bloatocrat.
ww ww
More over a genuine mistake of such a kind would have been rectified at once.
g. wwww wwww
What could have been the best way for the narrator, to get himself out of the tight
corner?
The best way for the narrator to get himself out of the tight corner was to confess his poverty to one
of christie’s staff and having the picture put up for sale once again.
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N
h.
l a
l a .iN
.N
Why did the narrator feel he could have welcomed a firing party?
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
It was his thought of bidding for fun which made him get caught in a tight corner.
assaa
asaa
s as
asaa
If he welcomed a firing party that would bring his death and he need not be humiliated in front of
a
et
others.
PPaadd P Padd
a
i.
ww..
What was the bidder’s offer to the narrator?
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
The bidder’s offer was to give fifty guineas to the narrator.
j. How did the narrator take advantage of the situation?
ai
The narrator took advantage of the situation by asking hundred guineas from the bidder who offered
four thousand guineas for big Daubigny.
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Text Inside Questions
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a.
a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
Describe the activity that was going on in the sale room at king street.
as
P Paadd P Paadd
The place was full. They were selling Barbizon pictures and getting tremendous sums even for little
bits of things.
w
w .. ww..
b.
wwww wwww
What can you say about the author’s attitude when he high – handedly participated in the
ad
auction?
The author is a nonchalant person who tries to have some fun in his life.
At the same time he knows his limitations.
t t
.P
c. ee t ee t
Why was the author sure he would not be caught?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
He was sure he would not be caught as he decided that he was not going to run any risks of bidding
assaa aa aa
w
huge amount.
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
d.
P
.. Paa
What made the author ignore his friend’s warning?
P
.. Paa
w
The author ignored his friend’s warning just because he liked to have some fun and was sure that he
w
w ww
wwww
was not going to run any risks.
wwww
w
e. How had the author managed the auction without getting involved in the deal?
The author managed the auction as they had been started modestly at fifty guineas and then there
was a gradual crescendo. So he was contributing his part very safely.
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
f.
.N lal i
a.iN
What came as a shock to the author?
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
There was a bidding for four thousand guineas and as usual he added fifty guineas to it.
assaa
g. aadd s
a aa
s
But to his surprise none of them bid more than that.
a
What did the falling of the hammer indicate? add
a aassaa
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
The falling of the hammer indicated that the bidding got over by four thousand and fifty guineas.
h.
wwww
What made the friend laugh heartily? wwww
The narrator had to pay four thousand and fifty guineas for his bidding.
120
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
In reality he had only sixty three pounds. This made his friend laugh heartily.
.N
assaa aa aa
i. What kind of excuses did the narrator think he could make?
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
The narrator thought of confessing his poverty to one of christies staff and had the picture put up
again.
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
ww ww
He thought of pretending to have made a mistake in bidding.
j.
wwww wwww
Why did the friend desert the narrator, a second time?
The narrator was among the buyers to pay for his bid.
Seeing him in a tight corner made his friend laugh and leave the place
k.
et
e t t t
How does the narrator describe the man who approached him with an offer? March 2020
ee
lalai.iN
.N cockney tones.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The man was a messenger of the high gods who wore a green baize apron and spoke in husky
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa
et
l. How does the Narrator show presence of mind in the sudden turn of events?
aadd add
a
The man who bid for the picture first was ready to pay fifty guineas to the narrator.
PP P P
ww.. w
w ..
At that moment the narrator asked for hundred guineas which shows his presence of mind.
wwww wwww
.N
m. The narrator would not forget two things about his friend What are they?
It was because of his friend he came there into Christies.
The way he deserted him when he was in a tight corner.
ai
t t t t
3. Form a meaningful summary of the lesson by rewriting the numbers in the correct
ee ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.Nsequence. (Pg.No. 109)
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
a) 8
The narrator had only 63 pounds with him and did not know how to manage the situation
a s
a s a s
a s
as
b)
P Paadd 10
P Paadd
The narrator thought of all his relations from whom he could borrow
c)
w
w .. 6
Unfortunately he had made the highest bid.
w
w ..
wwww wwww 1
ad
d) The narrator entered Christie’s as his friend persuade him to visit the sale-room.
e) Every time someone else made a higher bid and the narrator was not caught. 3
f) 5
The narrator on a sudden impulse added 50 more guineas, to the amount offered.
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
g)
.N i. N. N 12
i.iN
.N
His friend joined him then but left immediately unable to control his laughter.
l a
l a i l a
l a
assaa aa aa
w
h)
11 dd
the staff at Christie’s.
s
a da
d s
He even thought of borrowing from moneylenders and confessing the truth to
a s a s
..PPaa P
.. Paa
w
7
i)
w
w
The picture was declared sold to the narrator.
w
w
j) wwww wwww 4
After sometime a picture was put up and a bid for 4000 guineas was a raise.
w
k) A sudden stroke of luck befell the narrator when he heard that the gent who
had made the bid of 4000 guineas and buy the picture. 13
l) eet t
The narrator kept bidding just for fun.eet2t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
m) The picture was given away to the other bidder and the narrator was saved
assaa 15
from humiliation.
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
n) P
..P P
9P
..
His friend had left the place roaring with laughter at the narrator’s predicament.
w w ww
o)
wwww wwww
The narrator was quite happy at the offer but demanded 100 guineas instead of the 50.
121
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
Now there was no need for him to make any payment. 14
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
4. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of about 100-150 words. (Pg.No. 110)
a) a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
Narrate the circumstances that led to the narrator getting into a tight corner, by his own
folly. P
.. Paa P
..Paa
ww ww
wwww wwww
The narrator entered Christies sales room just because his friend persuaded him to do so. There
was a sale of Barbizon pictures for a huge sum of money. The narrator was well aware of the fact
that he had only sixty three pounds in bank and did not have any security to borrow more than that.
Though he knew well that he couldn’t participate in the auction, he started bidding just for fun. His
et
e t t t
friend gave him a warning. He didn’t mind it. At first there was no risk in his bidding as it started
ee
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
modestly and there was a gradual crescendo. Later the start of the bid itself was high. The narrator
might have stopped his bidding atleast at that moment. It was because of his foolishness he raised
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa
the bidding to four thousand and fifty guineas which he knew was the top price of the day. More than
et
Paadd P Padd
a
that the picture was of no use to him. Thus it was very clear that because of his false judgement he
P
w ..
got caught in a tight corner.
w w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
b) Trace the thoughts that went on in the mind of the narrator, when picture after picture
was put up and sold at the auction.
ai
The narrator started bidding for fun and got into difficult position of paying four thousand and fifty
eet t t t
guineas for a picture which was useless for him. He had only sixty three pounds with him and didn’t
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
know how to pay for it. He handed over his card to the clerk and without seeing the picture put for
assaa aa aa
sale he was thinking about the names of uncles and other persons from whom he might borrow
a s
a s a s
a s
money. He wondered of the money lenders who would ask promissory note. He also thought of
as
Paadd P Paadd
confessing his poverty to one of Christie’s staff and make them put up the picture again. All his
P
w
w .. ww..
thoughts ended in vain as the staff of Christie’s seemed unsympathetic and he was sure that they
wwww
wouldn’t believe it to be a mistake.
wwww
ad
c) Explain how the narrator got out of the tight corner that he was in. HY - 2018 Aug - 2022
The narrator got caught in a tight corner of paying huge amount for the bidding which he started for
t t
.P
ee t ee t
fun. After the end of the sale he was standing at last for the payment. His friend joined him but left
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
him immediately as he could not control his laughter. The narrator never felt such a fool in all his life.
A sudden stroke of luck befell the narrator when he heard that the gent who had made the bid of
assaa aa aa
w
a s
a s a s
a s
4000 guineas would offer him the additional 50 guineas and buy the picture. The narrator was very
dd dd
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
happy at the offer. Suddenly an idea sparkled in his mind and he demanded hundred guineas instead
w
w
w ww
of the fifty. This was how he was rescued from the humiliation at the auction house.
d) wwww wwww
As the narrator, make a diary entry about the tight corner you faced at Christie’s and
w
eet t t t
for sale there. I started bidding just for fun. I know that I had only sixty three pounds in bank and
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
was confident that I would bid in a safe zone. After some time a picture was put up and a bid for 4000
assaa aa aa
guineas raised. It is in this context. I made a false judgement and offered 50 guineas more. I was
a s
a s aass
shocked when the picture was declared sold to me I didn’t know how to pay for it. My friend couldn’t
dd dd
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
control his laughter and left me. I thought of very many ways to come out of my tight corner. There
ww ww
was a sudden stroke of luck. The gent who made the bid of 4000 guineas was ready to offer who
wwww wwww
made additional 50 guineas and buy the picture. I considered it to be a good chance and demanded
100 guineas. Really it was a narrow escape. I couldn’t forget this incident in my life time.
122
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Paragraph for Toppers (gifted students):
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Narrate the circumstances that led to the narrator getting into a tight corner, by his own
a
dd s
a s a
dd
folly and how he got our of the tight corner that he was in? s
a s
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
ww w
Plan of the paragraph:
w
wwww Introduction
wwww
The Tight Corner
Sudden Stroke of Luck
Conclusion
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.NIntroduction:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
In ‘Tight Corners’ E.V. Lucas narrates the story of how he was rescued from humiliation at an auction
aass as
as
house, by a sudden stroke of luck. Let us see how he got himself in a tight corner and found his way
et
a
out of that situation.
PP add P Padd
a
w
The tight corner:w.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
The narrator was persuaded by his friend to visit the sale room. He started bidding for fun. Every
time someone else made a higher bid and he was not caught. When a dealer made a bid of 4000
guineas for a new picture, he raised it by fifty guineas. Unfortunately there was no other bidder for
ai
the sale. The picture was declared sold to him. He had only 63 pounds in his account. He thought of
eet t eet t
all his relations and money lender to borrow. His friend too had left the place.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Sudden stroke of luck:al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s aa
s a s aa
s
Finally he plans to confer the truth to the staff. Unexpectedly, an agent approaches the narrator with
a a
as
Paadd P Paadd
very strong proposal. The rich bidder assures as extra 50 guineas, if the narrator gives up his claim.
P
w
w .. ww..
The sudden stroke of luck assures a fortune. He demanded 100 guineas. There was no need for him
wwww
to make any payment.
wwww
ad
Conclusion:
E.V. Lucas points out the tight corners can be both mental as well as physical, but the mental tight
corners are too difficult to bear.
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
Paragraph for Average students:
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
Prose
a
dd s
a s
Tight Corners
a
dd s
a s
Author
P
.. Paa
Edward Verrall Lucas
P
.. Paa
w
Characters
w
w ww
narrator, friend, auctioneer, clerk, christie’s staff, messenger
Theme wwww wwww
Circumstances led one to get into a tight corner.
w
E.V Lucas shares his experiences when once he was caught in the tight corner at the Christie’s an
auction sale hall. This was due to his friend’s compulsion. The author took part in the auction for fun.
t t t t
Every time he raised the bid by a small amount, he escaped when someone else made a higher bid.
ee e e
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal ai.iN.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
When a dealer made a bid of 4000 guineas for a new picture, he raised it to fifty guineas . Unluckily
there was no other bidder for the sale . The picture was sold to him. He had only 63 pounds . His
assaa a a a as saa
aa aassaa
friend left the place. So he wanted to tell the truth to the staff. He was in a tight corner. At that time an
dd dd
agent approached him. He told that a rich bidder assured an extra 50 guineas if he gave up his claim.
ww ..P P w
w P
.. P
At once he demanded 100 guineas . He became very happy because he needn’t pay the amount.
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Paragraph for Slow learners: (Late bloomers)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Prose
Author aadd s
a aa
s
Tight Corners
a
Edward Verrall Lucas aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Characters ww P
.. P ww P
..P
narrator, friend, auctioneer, clerk, christie’s staff, messenger
Theme wwww wwww
Circumstances led one to get into a tight corner
E.V.Lucas shares his experiences when once he was caught in the tight corner.
The author took part in the auction for fun.
et
e t eet t
Every time he raised the bid by a small amount he escaped when someone else made a higher
lalai.iN
.N
bid.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Once he made the highest bid.
aasaa
s as
asaa
et
PPaadd
The picture was sold to him.
P Padd
a
ww..
He had only 63 pounds. He had no money to buy it.
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
He wanted to tell the truth to the staff.
He was in a tight corner.
At that time another bidder gave him extra amount for the picture.
ai
But he demanded 100 guineas. He became very happy as he need not pay the amount
eet t eet t
There is always a ray of hope at the end of a dark tunnel.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
VOCABULARY
a s
a s a s
a s
as
(i)
P Paadd
Auction House Puzzler (Pg. No. 111)
P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
You have come across many terms associated with an auction, in the lesson. Now solve the
wwww wwww
crossword puzzle with words from the lesson. Make use of the clues given.
ad
2B 4A
B a
3C
t t
.P
ee t ee rt
c d a
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
1D
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N 3C
assaa aa aa
d r t c
w
a
dda s
a s hd
a
d s
a s
P Paa b
. . A u c t i o n e ww.e . r P
Paa
w
w
w 1A
wwww wwww
w
b z i
4B
eet t b i d
eet t o s
l a
l i
a .iN
.N g lal i
a.iN
.N
n t l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa 2A
a p r o d
aa a
d
n
s
a aa
s
a
i
a a
dd s
a aa
s
ww PP
.. y ww PP
.. e
wwww wwww
124
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N Across Down
1. conducts auction
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
1. painter
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa 2. a protective garment
3. strip with numbers
aa a
dd s
a aa
s 2.
3. a s
school of painting
aa
auction housedd a aa
s
4. offer
ww P
.. P 4.
w
panting
w P
..P
wwww
(ii) Idioms: (Pg.No. 111) wwww
An idiom is an expression in English with a special meaning of its own.
Idioms do not give the literal meaning of the individual words used in them.
et
e t t t
Ex: by the skin of ones teeth - a narrow escape
ee
lalai.iN
.N
A)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Here are some more idioms taken from the lesson. Find out their meanings and use
assaa aa aa
them in sentences of your own.
aass as
as
et
1.
PP add
tight corners-difficult situation
a P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
Ex: He got caught in a tight corner as he had lot of debts
wwww wwww
.N
2. shot his bolt-to have already achieved the strength to do & unable to do more
Ex: He started off the game well but seemed to have shot his bolt by half-time
3. in a nice pickle-in a troublesome or difficult situation
ai
Ex: Things are in a nice pickle when I am left unassisted.
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
4.
.N al
have cold feet-to be too fearful
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Ex: I was going to try bungee jumping, but I got cold feet
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
B)
P P add P P add
Match the following idioms related to difficult situations with their meanings. (Pg.No. 112)
a a
w
w
A .. ww.. B Answers
wwww wwww
ad
ee
4 t saved by the bell d
ee t
in serious difficulty 4 e
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 5 hang out to dry
l a
e
l i
a.iN
.N a i
a.iN
.N
help at the last moment rescuing one from a
l l 5 a
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s difficult situation
a
dd s
a s
C)
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
We use a variety of idioms in our daily life to describe various situations. Describe the
w
w
w ww
narrator’s situation in your own words, making use of some of the new idioms you have
wwww
just learnt.
wwww
w
The narrator and his friend entered the auction hall. Out of fun, the narrator raised the bid. A dealer
made his bid for 4000 guineas when a picture was put up for sale. The narrator raised it. He heard
the alarm bells ringing in his head. The dealer kept mum, which showed that he had shot his
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
bolt. The hammer fell, indicating the close of sale. As the narrator did not have that much of amount,
.N
he was in a nice pickle. It was a tight corner as there was no way to escape. When he turned
assaa aadd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
to see his friend, he had changed out to dry. The narrator was back to the wall. He thought of
a
confessing his poverty to the clerk. he was clutching at straws. The narrator felt desperation. He had
w P
..P ww P
.. P
cold feet. Luckily, a messenger went up to him and offered him 50 guineas more. He was relieved
w
wwww
of the tight corner and saved by the bell.
wwww
125
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
iii) Phrasal verbs: (Pg.No. 112)
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Use the following phrasal verbs in sentences of your own. The first one has been done for you:
assaa Stand
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
i)
P
.. P P
..P
Up – Your statement will not stand up as proof in the court of law (make others accept)
ww ww
wwww wwww
ii) for – My father always stands for truth and honesty. (support)
iii) by – Come what may, I will stand by you. (ready to help in difficult situations)
Look
i) into : The principal promised to look into the matter (examine)
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N ii)
iii)
at
through:
:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l
I have looked through some catalogues (glance) a
l i
a .iN
Have a look at the beautiful scenery in this photography (see)
.N
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa
et
run
i) Over :
PPaadd P Padd
a
When the well is full, water will run over (to hit someone with a vehicle)
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
ii) away : Don;t let your imagination run away with you (escape)
.N
iii) into : All rivers run into the sea (reach)
Put
ai
i) on : She put on her red dress (wear)
eet t
ii) up : eet t
I thought he would put up a bit more of a right (intended to deceive)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N iii) off : al
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a
The decision was put off till December (postpone) .iN
.N
assaa aassaa a s
a aa
s
as
P Paadd
LISTENING ACTIVITY READING
P Paadd
A.
w w..
Listen to the announcement made by
ww ..Read the following passage and answer the
wwww
your teacher and answer the Questions
wwww questions that follow . (Pg.No. 115)
ad
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
i.
.N of School Education. l a
l a.iN
.N
The programme is organized by the Department
i history?
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
The accident was unparalleled in the world’s
assaa aa aa
w
ii. a s
a s
The topic of the seminar is Career Guidance
dd a s s
Industrial history because it affected more
dd a
and Counselling.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
than 600,000 people.
w
w
w ww
(ii) How was Dastagir affected by the
wwww wwww
iii. The programme is to be held at 3 p.m at
D.r.A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Auditorium. poisonous gas?
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
provide information on career optioned and
l a
l i
a .iN
superintendent?
.N
assaa aa aa
the institutions that offer relevant courses. As soon as he heard about the deadly gas , he
a
dd s
a s ddaass
tried stopping the movement of trains through
vi.
..Pa
Students who wish to attend the second
P a
session should register within two days. P
.. Paa
Bhopal.
ww ww
wwww wwww
126
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
(iv) How did Dastagir and his staff break
.N rules?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
anything in the world if I had one crore rupees.
Oh, I am starting to sound a little materialistic.
assaa a s aa
s
Dastagir and his staff broke the rules by
aadd a
flagging of the train without getting permission
aadd s
a aa
s
Well, I will do (do) good things with the money
a
as well. If anybody needs (need) help, I will
w P
..
from the head office.
w P ww P
..P take (take) care of their needs. I will donate
wwww
(v) What was the cause of Dastagir’s death?
Dastagir suffered from diseases caused as a
wwww (donate) money to charities. I will give (give)
money to help support the arts. If I won (win)
that much money,I wouldn’t keep it all for
direct result of exposure to Methly Isocyanate myself. I would help (help) as many people as
et
gas .
e t eet t possible.
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
(vi) Find words from the passage which mean
.N l a i .iN
.N
iii) Fill in the blanks in the following dialogue.
l a
assaa aa aa
the opposite of the following.
aass ss
Gopal : What’s wrong, Muthu? You look terrible!
aa
et
a) safeguard x
PP add
risk
a P Padd
a
Muthu : Well, you would look (look) terrible today,
b) common
c) prompt
x
x ww.. queer
delay w
w .. too, if you had (have) a day like mine
wwww wwww
.N
yesterday. My car slid into a tree, because
d) cause x result the roads were slippery.
Gopal : Oh! I was driving on the slippery roads
GRAMMAR
ai
yesterday, and I didn’t have such
t t
Conditional Clause: (Pg.No.117)
ee eet t trouble.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
(For rules see Text Book Pg. No. 116)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
What happened?
i
assaa aa aa
i) Complete the following with appropriate Muthu : Well, I think if I had not driven (drive not)
a s
a s a s
a s
so fast, I would not have slid (slide, not)
as
conditional clauses.
P Paadd
a) We will miss our train, If we are late .
P Paaddinto the tree.
w
w ..
b) Jayashree would travel to France, If she ww..
Gopal : Slippery roads and speed don’t mix. If
wwww wwww drivers speed (speed) on wet roads,
ad
ee t
studied well . ee t I had had (have) it, I would not have had
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
e) I wouldn’t refuse, If you offered it .N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
to (have to, not) pay an extra fine in the
assaa aa aa
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
in a game show? If I had won (win) that much
.N
money, I would have quitted (quit) my job the
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
(lose, not) your wallet. If you had not lost
your wallet you would have had (lose,
assaa a dd s
a aa
s
next day. I would have travelled (travel) round
a
the world and stayed (stay) in the most luxurious
a add
a aassaa
not) your driver’s license with you when
you hit the tree. If you had had (have)
P
..P
hotels. If I wanted (want) anything, I would
ww ww P
.. P your driver’s license with you, you would
wwww wwww
buy (buy) it. If I saw (see) a Mercedes that I
wanted, I would buy (buy) it. I could (can) do
not have to pay (have to pay, not) a big
fine when you go to court next week. And
127
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
of course, if you had not driven (drive,
.N
not) too fast, you would not have run into
Waiter
l a
l i
a .iN
: Ok, Do you prefer hot tea or cold tea?
.N
Seema : I prefer it cold.
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
(run into, not) a tree, and you would not
have been (be, not) in this mess now. If
aa a
dd
Waiter
s
a aa
sCan you bring me an ice cream?
: Sorry Ma’am we don’t have ice creams
P
.. P
I were (be) you, I would take (take) it
ww ww P
..P served here. But you can get it in the
wwww wwww
easy for a while and just stay (stay) home
outlet next door.
where you would be safe.
Seema : Oh that’s fine. Ok, please get these
Muthu : Enough about me! How about you? quickly.
Gopal : Well, things are really looking up for me. Waiter : Sure Ma’am.
et
e t e t
I’m planning to take off for Goa as soon
e t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
as I finish my finals. I’m sick of all this old, B.
l a
l a .iN
.N
Read the following story and do the
i
exercises that follow. (Pg.No. 119)
assaa aa aa
rainy weather we’ve been having.
aass as
as
Answer the questions after reading the story.
et
PPaadd
Muthu : I wish I would go (go) with you. How are
you planning on getting there?
P Padd
a
(Pg.No. 120)
ww.. w
w .. 1. Did Mrs. Umar see the thief?
wwww wwww
Gopal : If I have (have) enough money, I will fly
.N
(fly). Otherwise, I will take (take) the bus. No Mrs. Umar did not see the thief .
I wish I would drive (drive) my own car 2. What was Mrs. Umar doing when thethief
ai
because it would be (be) nice to drive broke into the house?
there, but it’s such a long trip. I’ve been
eet tlooking for a friend to go with me andeet t Mrs. Umar was watching TV. when the thief
l a
l i
a .iN
.N share the driving.al l a
l i
a .iN
.N 3.
l a
l a .iN
.N
broke into the house.
i
Was Mr. Umar watching movie with his
assaa s aa
s
Muthu : I have a super idea! Why don’t I go with
a a a s
a aa
s
wife when the thief broke in the house?
as
P Paadd
you? I can share the driving. I’m a great
P Paadd
No Mr. Umar was not watching movie with his
driver!
w
w .. ww.. wife.
wwww
Gopal : Oh, Muthu! I can’t believe it.
wwww 4. What was Mr. Umar doing in the kitchen?
ad
t t
.P
ee t
waiter explains to her the different
ee t statements. (Pg.No. 120)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l
conversation between them. Complete a
l a.iN
items available at that time. Here is the
i .N 1.
l a
l
occurred. a.iN
.N
Mr. Umar was at home when the event
i
assaa aa aa
w
dd s
a s
the dialogue. You may use modals to
a a s
a s
Where was Mr. Umar when the event occurred?
dd
frame questions.
P
.. Paa P
.. P
2.aa Yes, Mr. Umar saw the thief entering the
w
Seema :
w
Could I get something to eat
w ww neighbour’s house.
wwww
immediately?
wwww Did Mr Umar see the thief entering the
w
Waiter :
Yes Ma’am. We have a number of neighbour’s house?
dishes. What would you like to have?
3. Mrs. Umar was watching the movie while
Seema : Can I have vadai?
ee
Waitert t
: Yes Ma’am. It is available. eet t her husband was drinking water.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Seema : Will it take much time?
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
What was Mrs. Umar doing while her husband
i
was drinking water?
assaa Waiter
aadd s
: It should not take long.
a a aa
s
Would you like to have a cup of tea?
4.
add
a aassaa
The thief broke into the house while they
w P
..P
Seema : Yes bring that too.
w ww P
.. P were watching a movie.
When did the thief break into the house?
wwww
please bring them fast.
wwww
128
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N QUESTION TAGS
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i
a .iN
10. These should not be thought of as luxury but
.N
as necessity, should they?
l
assaa s aa s aa
(For Rules see Text Book Pg No. 120)
Textual examples: a
dd a s B.
a
dd a s
Add appropriate question tags and
1. P
.. Paa
You are a student aren’t you? P
..Paa
role play the dialogue with your friend.
ww ww (Pg.No. 121)
2.
3.
wwww
Aji is not a lawyer is she?
Lawrence saw the snake sliding into the hole
wwww
Jeyanth : Hello, Anish! It’s your Physics exam
today, isn’t it ?
didn’t he? Anish : Yes. They have set a very long paper.
Yet, I managed to finish the paper.
4.
et
e t eet t
Jordi attends the class regularly doesn’t he?
-didn’t I?
lalai.iN
.N
5.
l a
l i
a .iN
Madhav doesn’t speak Telugu does he?
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Jeyanth : True. My maths paper too was very
assaa aa aa
long. I couldn’t finish it. -could I?
A.
aas
Add appropriate question tag to the
s as
as
et
PPaadd
following sentences. (Pg.No. 121) Anish
P Padd
a: I could not solve my paper properly.
-could I?
aren’t they? w..
1. Cities are increasingly becoming urbanised,
w w
w ..
Jeyanth : Ok. Actually, my question paper was
wwww wwww
.N
2. They experiment with various ways to improve very easy. -Wasn’t It
air quality, don’t they? Anish : Mine wasn’t easy. I made a silly
ai
3. The aim should be to reduce congestion. mistake. -Didn’t I?
shouldn’t it?
eet t eet t Jeyanth : Tell me about your English paper.
-won’t you?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a .iN
.N
4. There is an urgent need to provide clean,
al a i
reliable and affordable energy to their growing
l Anish
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
: The story comprehension was very
w
w ..
role in this transformation, won’t they?
ww.. very well. There wouldn’t be any
mistake.- would there?
6
wwww
It changes the way people commute in cities,
wwww
ad
l a
l i
a .iN
.Nrates, won’t they?
l l a.iN
.N
8. These shared AVs will run at higher utilization
a i Jeyanth :
l a i
a.iN
.N
Me too. So, see you later. All the
l
assaa aa aa
w
a s
a s
9. They can substantially reduce the cost of mo-
dd a
dd s
a s
best, bye.
P
.. Paa
bility and congestion, can’t they? Anish
P
.. Paa : Thank you. Wish you the same, bye
w
w
w ww
wwww WRITING
wwww
w
A. Read the information in the table below and answer the following questions. (Pg.No. 122)
e t
1.
e t Earthquake 2001
e t t
Bhuj, Gujarat
e
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 2. Tsunami 2004
lal i
a.iN
.N a i .iN
.N
Coastline TN, Kerala, A.P., A&N Islands, Pondicherry
l l a
assaa 3.
4.
Floods
Earthquakeaa a
dd s
a aa
s
July 2005
2008
Maharashtra
Kashmir add
a aassaa
5. w
Floodsw P
..P 2008 w
North Biharw P
.. P
6. wwww
Cyclone 2008 wwww
Tamil Nadu
129
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N Sl No. Event
l a
l i
a .iN
Year
.N l i .iN
.N
Affected Area
a
l a
assaa aa aa
7. Floods 2009 Andhra Pradesh & Karnataka
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
8. Cyclone
P
.. Paa 2011
P
..Pa
Tamil Nadu / Cuddalore
a
9.
w
Flash floods
w June 2013
w
Uttarkhand
w
10.
11
wwww
Cyclone
Floods
Oct 2013
Dec 2015
wwww
Coastline of Orissa & Jharkhand
Tamil Nadu / Chennai
12. Cyclone Dec 2016 Tamil Nadu / Chennai
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N
1.
l a
l a .iN
.N
What kinds of natural disasters have occurred before 2005?
i l a
l i
a
Earthquake and Tsunami are the natural disasters have occurred before 2005.
.iN
.N
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa
et
2.
PP add
Name the disasters that are common in India.
a P Padd
a
ww..
Floods and cyclone are the common disasters in India
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
3. Mention the states often affected by disasters.
Tamilnadu & Andhra Pradesh are often affected by disasters.
4. List out the disasters that are common in North India.
ai
Cylone, Flood & Earthquakes are common in North India
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
5.
.N al l a
l a .iN
.N
Write three sentences on your inference about the data given.
i
• This data is about the natural disasters occurred in India
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa
s
• Cyclone &floods are common disasters in India
a s
a aa
s
as
aadd
• Tsunami affected Tamilnadu, Kerala, etc in 2004.
P P P Paadd
B. w
w .. ww..
Study the pie-chart carefully and answer the questions that follow.
wwww wwww
ad
Mandarin 12.44%
t t
.P
ee t ee t
.iN
.N .iN
.N .iN
.N
Spanish 4.85%
l a
l i
a l a
l i
a l a
l i
a
assaa aa aa
w
English 4.83%
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s Use expressions such as…
Arabic 3.25%
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
Generally….
Hindi 2.68%
w
w ww
Arabic 3.25%
wwww wwww A majority____
w
Other 60.17%
Bengali 2.66% Most of the….
Portuguese 2.62%
Russian 2.12% Some of the….
eet t Minority of ….
.iN
.N .iN
.N .iN
.N
German 1.33%
l a
l i
a Javanese 1.25%
lal i
a l a
l i
a
In conclusion….
assaa 1.
aa a s
a aa
s
Which language is spoken by most people?
dd add
a aassaa
ww P
Mandarin is spoken by most people.
..P ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
2. What are the Indian languages that rank among the top five spoken languages?
Hindi & English
130
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
3.
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
Which are the languages that are spoken by less than three percent of people?
.N
Bengali, Portuguese, Russian, German, Japanese are the languages spoken by less than three per-
assaa 4.
cent of people.
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
With the help of the question and answers draw your own conclusions from the pie
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
chart. Then write a paragraph on the popular spoken language.
wwww wwww
Generally people are known by their mother tongue or the language which they speak. As per the
pie chart 12.44% of people speak Mandarin. Apart from this most of the people speak English and
Spanish. Only two Indian languages - Hindi and Bengali find their place in this pie chart. Some of
the languages are spoken by very few people when compared with other languages. For example,
et
e t e t t
Japanese and German are spoken by 1.80% and 1.33% respectively. The languages which appear in
e
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
the pie chart make for nearly 40% of the people
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aassaa WRITING
DIALOGUE
as
asaa
et
PPaadd P P
Write conversations on the following situations (Pg.No. 125)add
a
ww.. w
w ..
i. Between two friends about uses and abuses of mobile phones.
wwww wwww
.N
Seetha : Hello Geetha, your mobile is very beautiful. When did you buy?
Geetha : I bought it yesterday.
ai
Seetha : Is it an Android phone?
Geetha
eet t t t
: Yes, it is an android phone with many facilities
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Seetha
al l a
l a .iN
: Are these facilities essential?
i .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Geetha : It depends on how we use it.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
Seetha
P P add
: Do we use it or abuse it?
a P Paadd
Geetha
w
w ..
: We should use it properly if we want.
ww..
wwww wwww
Seetha : Nowadays there are many chances to misuse it. There are many problems due to mobiles.
ad
Geetha : I do accept it. We have a facility to google in the phone, we can get many information with
just a touch.
Seetha : Alright, It is time to leave.
t t
.P
Geetha
ee t: Bye, we will meet again.
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
ii. Between two friends about planting trees.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
Raju : Yesterday, I attended a workshop about the plantation and its importance.
Sonu : Oh that’s great! Can you explain me about the workshop?
Raju : Yes. Now-a-days trees have been cut widely in our cities which increase the pollution and
eet t eet t
even causes green house effect. So to protect our environment we should plant more trees
l a
l i
a .iN
.N in our surroundings.
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Sonu : Thats a great idea. Come lets create the awareness even among others and make our
a
dd s
a s
environment eco-friendly
ddaass
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
iii. Between two friends about the importance of reading newspapers.
ww ww
wwww wwww
Shalu : Hai Sara, Where are you going?
Sara : I am going to buy a newspaper.
131
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Shalu
Sara
:
:
l a
l a
Yes, of course. Don’t you?.iN
.N
Oh! Do you read newspaper regularly?
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Shalu
Sara
:
:
a s aa
s a s aa
s
No, I don’t. What is the use of reading it regularly?
aadd a aadd a
Newspapers are helpful in knowing the current affairs of the country and world.
Shalu :
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
Oh no! So long I have been unaware about the importance of newspaper reading.
Sara
Shalu
:
:
wwww wwww
Now its never late to start. Inculcate the habit of reading and enhance yourself.
Yes. See you later. Bye.
Sara : Bye.
et
e eet
iv. Between two friends about the uses of internet.
t t
lalai.iN
.N
Raju
Ram
l a
l a .iN
.N
: Hello Ram, You were not available online for past few days.
i
: I had some network issue. So, I couldn’t connect you.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Sam
aasaa
s
: Is that cleared now?
as
asaa
et
Ram aadd add
a
: Yes, but I really felt very difficult without internet facility.
PP P P
Sam
ww.. w
w ..
: You are right. Internet has become a prime part of our modern lifestyle.
wwww wwww
.N
Ram : Infact mobile and internet are used widely for its quick communication transfer.
Sam : Especially we use internet for onloading various data, and other social networking sites
make us get new friends.
ai
Ram : Right. Internet has made our life easy and comfortable.
Sam eet t eet t
: Though we are getting immense benefits from it, we should use it with care to avoid it.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
v. Between a father and a son on choice of a career.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Father
a s aa
s
: Good morning Rahul. What are you doing?
a a s
a aa
s
as
Son
aadd aadd
: Good morning Daddy. I am just chatting with my friends Dad.
P P P P
Father
w
w .. ww..
: Okay. Now you have completed your board exams with good result. So whats your next
wwww
move?
wwww
ad
ee
Father t ee t
: Thats really good. Whats your goal in that field?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Son
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a i.iN
.N
: Actually I am interested in research and new inventions in petroleum products.
l a
assaa aa aa
w
Father
All the best. a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
: Good job, my son. No need to worry about the expenses. Pursue your goal and be successful.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
Book seller : These books are very popular among the readers. You can just go through them and pick
l
assaa s aa
s ssaa
your favourite one.
Myself
a a
dd a addaa
: Okay. Please give me these two books. What is the cost of these books?
a a
P
..P
Book seller : These books cost two hundred rupees.
ww ww P
.. P
Myself
wwww
: Here is the money.
Book seller : Thank you. Visit again sir. wwww
132
eet t eet t
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Roshan
l l a .iN
.N
vii. Between two friends on the benefits of early rising.
a i
: Hai Pranav, Why are you often late to school?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Pranav
Roshan a s aa
s a s aa
s
: I never use to wake up early, that’s why I am unable to reach school
aadd a
: Oh! By what time do you wake up everyday
aadd a
Pranav
w P
.. P
: Usually I rise by 8 am.
w ww P
..P
Roshan
Pranav wwww wwww
: This is something bad. You have to rise up early and be punctual to class.
: Why is it so important to get up early?
Roshan : Rising up early makes you feel energetic throughout the day. You can do your work by your
own and also you can reach school on time.
et
e
Pranavt eet t
: Thank you, you made me realise my mistake. Hereafter I will make a habit of rising early.
lalai.iN
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
viii. Between two friends on exciting cricket match.
l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Sanjay
saa
s
: Hello Sam! How are you?
aa as
asaa
et
Sam
aadd
: I am fine. What about you?
PP P Padd
a
Sanjay
ww.. w
w ..
: Yeah. I am fine. Did you watch yesterday’s cricket match between India and Pakistan.
wwww wwww
.N
Sam : I was very happy that India defeated Pakistan and I enjoyed the match in the stadium.
Sanjay : What is your impression about the match?
Sam : I was deeply impressed by performance of our Indian team.
ai
Sanjay : Yes you are right. The fielding by our Indian players was awesome.
Sam
eet t eet t
: Certainly! It was the great reason behind the success of Indian team.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Sanjay al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
: Let’s hope they keep playing like this in future too.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s
ix. Between two friends on the importance of punctuality.
a a a s
a aa
s
as
Leela
P Paadd P Paadd
: Hai Veena, have you prepared for today’s class test?
Veena
w
w .. ww..
: No dear. Since I am late to school often, I couldn’t copy the notes and further I didn’t
wwww
prepare.
wwww
ad
ee t punctual to classes.
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Veena
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
: How does being punctual to classes, help me solve the issue of writing notes?
assaa aa aa
Leela : When you are punctual to school, you can write all your notes without fail and you can
w
a s
a s
study for the tests also.
dd a
dd s
a s
Veena
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
: Oh! You are right dear. Let me follow your advice and change my attitude of being late.
w
w
w ww
x. Between two friends on a picnic they enjoyed recently.
Hari wwww
: Hi Kavitha. How are you? wwww
w
assaa Hari
What about you?
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a
: Of course! The floral arrangements were beautiful.
aassaa
Kavi
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
: Not only that, our teachers were very friendly with us. The music, dance, games and camp-
Hari wwww
fire also added to our pleasure.
wwww
: The picnic was so enjoyable that we will recall it for a long time,
133
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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et
PPaadd P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
ai
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
wwww wwww
ad
t t
.P
ee t ee t
Macavity’s a Mystery Cat: he’s called the Hidden Paw bk¡fÉ£o k®kkhd óid;
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a.iN
.N
For he’s the master criminal who can defy the Law.
i l a
l a.iN
.N
mt‹ kiwthd ghj« v‹W miH¡f¥gLth‹.
i
He’s the bafflement of Scotland Yard, the Flying Squad’s VbdÅš mt‹ r£l¤ij kâ¡fhj Kj‹ik F‰wthË
assaa aa aa
w
despair:
aass
dd bk¡fÉ£o ïU¥gJ ïšiy. PPaadd aass
Scotland yard-‹ FH¥gkhfî«;
For when they reach the scene of crime — Macavity’s Flying squad-‹ ãoglhj F‰wthË,
not there!
P
.. Paa mt®fŸ F‰w« elªj ïl¤â‰F bršY« nghJ m§F
. .
w
w
w ww
wwww mt‹ nghš ahU«w
kÅj r£l¤ijí«, w
Macavity, Macavity, there’s no one like Macavity,
w w
Macavity
ïšiy.
w
He’s broken every human law,he breaks the law of òÉ <®¥ò Éiriaí«
gravity. cil¤bjǪjh‹
His powers of levitation would make a fakir stare, mt‹ jhîjš M‰wš thŒªjjhf ïU¡F«.
And when you reach the scene of crime — Macavity’s Ú§fŸ F‰w« elªj ïl¤â‰F bršY«nghJ, - Macavity
eet t
not there!
eet tm§F ïU¥gJ ïšiy.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N la i
a.iN
. N
You may seek him in the basement, you may look up
l
Ú§fŸ mo¤js¤âš mtid¤ njlyh«; Ú§fŸ
l a
l i
a .
i N
.N
assaa ssaa s aa
s
in the air — fh‰¿Y« mtid njlyh«.
aa
dd xU Mdhš eh‹ kWgoí« kWgoí« brhš»nw‹ a
But I tell you once and once again, Macavity’s not there!
aa aadd a Macavity
ww P
Macavity’s a ginger cat, he’s very tall and thin;
..P v¢rÇ¡ifahd
You would know him if you saw him, for his eyes are
óid
mt‹ bkȪJ« k‰W« caukhfî«
ww P P (ginger)
. .ïU¥gh‹.
sunken in.
wwww Ú§fŸ mtid
mtdJ f©fŸ _œ» w www
gh®¤jîl‹
ïU¡F«.
mtid m¿å®fŸ;
134
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
domed;
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
His brow is deeply lined with thought, his head is highly
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
mtdJ òUt§fŸ Mœªj áªjid bfh©lit;
assaa aa aa
mJ Äfî« Mâ¡f« brY¤J«. mtdJ clš KGtJ«
a
dd s
a s
His coat is dusty from neglect, his whiskers are
a s
a s
öá goªâU¡F«
dd
uncombed.
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
mtdJ ÛirfŸ Óuhf ïU¡fhJ. mtdJ jiyia
w
He sways his head from side to side, with movements
w ww gh«ig¥ nghš m§F« ï§F« M£Lth‹.
like a snake;
wwww
And when you think he’s half asleep, he’s always widewwww Ú§fŸ mt‹ bfhŠr« ö§» ïU¥gh‹ v‹W
Ãid¥Õ®fŸ, Mdhš e‹W ÉʤâU¥gh‹.
awake.
Macavity, Macavity, there’s no one like Macavity, Macavity ahU« mt‹ nghš ïšiy
et t e t t
For he’s a fiend in felineshape, a monster of depravity. óid tot« bfh©l vâÇ, Ôa g©òfŸ bfh©l
e e
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
You may meet him in a by-street,you may see him in mu¡f®.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
the square — mtid Ú§fŸ bjUÉš rªâ¡fyh«, mtid square
aass
But when a crime’s discovered, then Macavity’s not Tl gh®¡fyh«.
a s
as
et
there!
PPaadd aadd
Mdhš xU F‰w« f©l¿ªjhš, Macavity m§F
P P
ww.. ïU¥gâšiy!
ww ..
wwww mtdJ btË¥gL¤jš w w TWth®fŸïU¡F«
.N
He’s outwardly respectable. (They say he cheats at
cards.)
wwkâ¡f¡Toajhf
mt®fŸ mt‹ Éiy Vkh‰Wtij ( )
And his footprints are not found in any file of Scotland mtdJ fhyo jl§fŸ Scotlands Yard’s v§F«
ai
Yard’s. fhz¥gLtJ ïšiy.
eet t eet t
And when the larder’s looted, or the jewel-case is rifled, KG mykhÇí« Niwahl¥gL« nghJ, eiffŸ všyh«
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Or when the milk is missing, or another Peke’s been bfhŸisÆl¥gL« nghJ«
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aaml¡f¥gL« nghJ aa
stifled, ghš všyh« fhzhkš nghf, xU bg¡»Å ehia
aass aass
as
P Paadd mšyJ »ß‹Aî° f©zhofŸ P PaaddnghJ,
repair w
w ..
Or the greenhouse glass is broken, and the trellis past
ww..
cilí«
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
fhzhkš nghF« nghJ,
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s
There may be a scrap of paper in the hall or on the stair
But it’s useless to investigate,Macavity’s not there! a
dd s
a s
áy J©L fh»j§fŸ Ahš k‰W« gof£LfËš
P
.. Paa P
.. Pa
ïU¡F«
a
w
And when the loss has been disclosed, the Secret Mdhš mit ÉrhÇ¡f VJthf ïšiy! Macavity
w
w ww
wwww wwww
Service say: m§F ïšiy!
‘It must have been Macavity!’ but he’s a mile away. ïH¥ò btË¥gL¤jg£ljhš; ufáa nrit T¿aJ,
w
eet t eet t
You’ll be sure to find him resting, or a licking of his f©o¥ghf mt‹ XŒbtL¡F« nghJ mt‹
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
thumbs,
lal i
a.iN
.N
Or engaged in doing complicated long division sums.
l a
l a .iN
f£ilÉuiy e¡Fth‹
i .N
mt‹ ÔÉukhf gy fodkhd bgÇa brašfis¢
assaa aadd s
a aa
s
Macavity, Macavity, there’s no one like Macavity,
a
There never was a Cat of such deceitfulness and suavity. a ss
brŒth‹.
add
a a aa
Macavity, Macavity mt‹ nghš ahU« ïšiy
ww P
..P ww P
.. Pe«ã¡ifí« jªâuK« bfh©l óidia
135
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
He always has an alibi, and one or two to spare:
l
At whatever time the deed took place, MACAVITY x‹W mšyJ ïu©L ïl§fŸ jÉu a
l a .iN
.N
mt‹ v¥nghJ« nt‰¿l thj« ( allbi) bfh©lt‹,
i
assaa WASN’T THERE!
a
dd s
a aa
s
And they say that all the Catswhose wicked deeds are ïU¥gâšiy!
aa aadd s
a aa
s
vªj neu¤âš áy brašfŸ V‰g£lhš, Macavity m§F
a
widely known,
ww P
.. P P
..P
mid¤J óidfË‹ áwªj brašfŸ m¿jhŒ
ww
ïU¡F« vd mt®fŸ TWth®fŸ.
Griddlebone) wwww wwww
(I might mention Mungojerrie, I might mention (Mungojerrie g‰¿ TW»nw‹, Griddlebone g‰¿
TW»nw‹)
Are nothing more than agents for the Cat who all the mid¤J neuK« Kft®fŸ nghš áwªjt®fŸ ïšiy
time ïij¥ ngh‹W ïa¡f¤ij jL¡f; be¥nghÈaÅ‹
t t
Just controls their operations: the Napoleon of Crime.
ee eetF‰w§fŸ.
t
Mifahš Macavity ia Napoleon of crime v‹W T¿d®.
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.NF¿¥ò l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a(1888-1965)
a aa
fÉP®
aa s s aas s
et
P P add Ék®rf®, ehlf MáÇa®, fÉP® Mth®. ït®PPmnkÇ¡fhÉš
jhk° °nld° vÈa£
a
ü‰wh©o‹ Äf¢áwªj a dd
Äf¢áwªj f£Liuahs®. ït® ïUgjh«
a
ww. . gšfiy¡fHf¤â‹
cŸs Ah®t®£
w w. . _y« ïªâa
khzt® rk°»Uj« f‰wj‹
wwww wwww
.N
j¤JtÆaiyí« f‰wh®. “The Wasteland”, “Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock”, “Ash
Wednesday”, Four Quartets, “Journey of the magi”, “After strange gods”, Naming of cats
M»ait ïtÇ‹ áwªj gil¥òfŸ. ïtU¡F 1948« M©L ïy¡»a¤â‰fhd nehgš
ai
gÇR tH§f¥g£lJ.
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.Nor two.
l a
l a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
A. Based on your understanding of the poem, answer the following questions in a sentence
al i i
assaa a s aa
s
i) What is the Macavity’s nickname?
a a s
a aa
s
as
aadd
Macavity’s nickname is the Hidden Paw.
P P P Paadd
w
w ..
ii) Why is the flying squad frustrated?
ww..
wwww wwww
Macavity is too clever to leave any evidence of his guilt. He is a puzzle for the flying squad who is
ad
e t
iv) What makes the fakir stare in wonder ?
e ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Macavity’s levitation is so powerful that it causes a fakir to stare bewildered.
assaa aa aa
v) Describe Macavity’s appearance.
w
a s
a s a s
a s
Macavity is a tall and thin ginger cat whose eye brows are deep with lines. He has sunken eyes which
dd dd
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
gives him a devil look. His coat is untidy and his whiskers are uncombed.
w
w
w
vi) Where can you encounter Macavity? ww
wwww wwww
We can encounter Macavity in a by-street or in the square.
w
vii) Why does the poet say Macavity is ‘out wardly respectable?
The poet says that Macavity is ‘outwardly’ respectable because he pretends to be a good one. But
his actions disprove it.
eet t eet t
viii) Who does the secret service suspect when a loss is reported?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
The secret service suspects Macavity when a loss is reported.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s aa
s a ssaa
ix) What is Macavity expected to be doing after committing a crime?
aadd a add
a
Macavity will escape a mile away from the scene of crime. a
x)
w P
..P
Mention any two qualities of Macavity.
w ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
Macavity possesses supernatural powers which allow him to levitate up in the air . He is so confident
in his manner that whenever the crime is discovered, he disappears without leaving a single trace.
136
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN l a
l i
a .iN
xi) Which two characters does the poet refer to as examples of wicked cats?
.N .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Macavity is too clever to be caught and he is nowhere near at the crime spot. He is an enigmatic
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
figure even to the specialized detective agencies.
a a
dd a
xii) Why is Macavity called the ‘Napoleon of crime’?
a aa a
dd a
w P
.. P ww P
..P
Napoleon of crime means the commanding leader of criminals. Here the Macavity is the commanding
w
wwww wwww
leader for other wicked cats (Mungojerrie and Griddle bone). So Macavity is called the ‘Napoleon of
crime’.
B. Read the poem and complete the summary using the words given in the box:
(a) Qualities (e) Gravity (i) Whiskers (m) Green house
et
e t
(b) Criminal (f) Fakir eet t (j) Devil (n) Division
lalai.iN
.N (c) Detective
l a
l i
a .iN
(g) Sunken.N l a
l i
a
(k) Respectable .iN
.N (o) Alibi
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa
et
(d) Desperate (h) Thought (l) Larder (p) Agents
PPaadd P Padd
a
C.
ww.. w
w ..
Read the poem and answer the following in a short paragraph of 8 to 10 sentences
wwww wwww
.N
each. (Pg.No. 129)
i) What are the mysterious ways in which Macavity acts?
ii) Give an account of Macavity’s destructive mischief?
ai
iii) Describe the appearance and qualities of Macavity? March 2023
eet t
Paragraph for Toppers: eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Poem
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Macavity The Mystery cat l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Poet a
T.S.Eliots
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
Theme
P Paadd
The cat-master of crimes
P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
wwww wwww
In T.S Eliot’s poem, ‘Macavity: The mystery cat, he describes the mysterious qualities of a cat of
ad
villainous characters
‘Macavity’s a ginger cat, he’s very tall and thin
Macavity is a tall and thin cat who is always up to some crime. He is too clever to leave any evidence
t t
.P
ee t
of his guilt.
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a.iN
.N
“He’s the bafflement of Scotland Yard, the flying squad’s despair”
i l a
l i
a.iN
.N
He is an enigma to every detective agency in the world including. Scotland Yard and flying squad who
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s
are specialized investigating crime.
a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa
“It must have been Macavity! But he’s a mile away”
P
.. Paa
w
There is never enough proof to arrest and he’s a mile away from all crime spots.
w
w ww
wwww wwww
His brows are deeply lining as a result of continuous planning of crime. Macavity has sunken eyes and “his
w
head is highly domed”. He never combs his whiskers His movements resemble that of a snake. He spends
his time plotting for the criminal acts and how to carry them out.
The poet accuses, Macavity of his behaviour, such as stealing milk, but also holds him responsible for major
eet
crimes.
t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal a.iN
.N
‘For he’s a fiend in feline shape, a monster of depravity’.
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The cat is a devil in disguise and he is a monster of wickedness. He has been suspected of stifling
assaa dd s
a aa
s ddaassaa
Pekes, Vandalism, theft, cheating of cards, and spying. He has also controlled an organized crime with
a
Mungojerrie, Griddle Bone among the members .So the poet says that all the notorious cats are
aa aa
w P
..P ww P
.. P
nothing but the agents of Macavity, the Napoleon of crime.
w
wwww wwww
“Are nothing more than agents for the cats who all the time
Just controls their operations the Napoleon of Crime.
137
eet t eet t
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
Paragraph for Average students:
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Poem Macavity The Mystery cat
Poet a
dd
T.S.Eliot s
a s a
dd s
a s
Theme P
.. Paa
The cat-master of crimes P
..Paa
ww ww
wwww wwww
Mavacity is a cunning cat. It does all sorts of crimes, but escapes from the scene of crime leaving
no evidence. Even the Scotland Yard are unable to arrest him, eventhough he is behind the crime.
He seems to be respectable but in reality he is a monster of depravity. He commits a lot of crimes
from looting the larder to robbing the Foreign office’s Treaty. But he could not be arrested. He will be
et
e t t t
happily relaxing a mile away from the crime spot, when they search for him. He can float in the air
e e
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
and run very fast. Macavity is a ginger cat known also as Hidden Paw. All notorious cats are nothing
.N
before him. He is ‘The Napoleon of Crime’ who leave’s a smile in the minds of the readers with its
et
PP a add
Mysterious qualities
P Padd
a
ww..
Paragraph for Slow learners: (Late bloomers)
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
Poem Macavity The Mystery cat
Poet T.S.Eliot
ai
Mavacity is a cunning cat. It is called as hidden paw.
eet
t e et t
It does a lot of crimes but escapes from the scene of crime.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
He is a monster of depravity.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
He will be happily relaxing a mile away from the crime spot, when they search for him.
aa s s a s
a s
as
P P a add
He can float in the air and run very fast.
He is the Napoleon of crime.
P Paadd
w
w ..
He is called the mystery cat w
w ..
wwww Mysterious qualities leaves an awe in the minds.
wwww
ad
Read the given lines and answer the questions that follow. (Pg.No. 129)
i) Macavity’s a Mystery cat: he’s called the Hidden Paw.
t t
.P
e t
a) Does the poet talk about a real cat?
e ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N No, Macavity is not a real cat.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
b) Why is he called the Hidden Paw?
w
a s
a s a s
a s
He is called the Hidden Paw as he is the criminal mastermind who disregard law.
dd dd
ii)
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
He’s the bafflement of Scotland yard, the Flying Squad’s despair:
w
w
w ww
For when they reach the scene of crime Macavity’s not there!..
wwww
a) What is ‘Scotland yard’? HY 2019 wwww
w
assaa dd s
a aa
s
a) Explain the comparison made here. March 2023
aa add
a aas
And when you think he’s half asleep, he’s always wide awake….
a saa
w P
..P ww P
.. P
Macavity moves his head from side to side and his body movement is compared to a snake.
w
wwww
b) What does he pretend to do?
He pretends to be asleep. wwww
138
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N c) Who is he?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
He is macavity, the mischievous cat March 2019
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa d)
a s
a aa
s
Mention the figure of speech used here? March 2019
Simile aadd aa a
dd s
a aa
s
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
wwww wwww
iv) For he’s a fiend in feline shape, a monster of depravity.
a) How is the cat described in this line? June 2019
The cat is a devil in disguise of a cat.
b) Explain the phrase ‘monster depravity’ GMQ, June 2019
et
e t eet t
‘Monster of depravity’ means he is a monster of wickedness.
lalai.iN
.N a i .iN
.N
c) Identify the poem and poet - poem - Macavity - The Mystery Cat GMQ
l l a l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa saa
s ssaa
Poet - T.S.Eliot
aa aa
et
v) aadd add
a
And his foot prints are not found in any file of Scotland Yard’s
PP P P
ww.. w
w ..
a) What seems to be a challenge for the Scotland yard?
wwww wwww
.N
Macavity’s foot prints are never to be found in any file of the Scotland Yard’s.
b) Why do they need his foot prints? HY 2019
ai
They need his foot prints to catch him.
e t t t t
c) Whose foot prints do the police need and why March 2020
e ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The police need the foot prints of Macavity, a mysterious cat because Macavity is the master
assaa aa aa
criminal
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P P add
d) Pickout the words in alliteration March 2020
a P Paadd
w
w ..
Footprints, Found, File
ww..
wwww wwww
vi) ‘It must have been Macavity! But he’s a mile away.
ad
ee
b) t Where is he? ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i
a.iN
.N
He is a mile away from the scene of crime.
l l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a s
a s
vii) There never was a cat of such deceitfulness and suavity.
dd a
dd s
a s
P Paa
a) Which cat is being talked of here?
.. P
.. Paa
w
w
w
Macavity is the cat being talked. ww
b) wwww
How is he different from the rest? wwww
w
He is different from the rest by his dishonesty , cunningness but be pretends to be innocent.
viii) His brow is deeply lined with thoughts his head his highly domed;
eet t eet t
His coat is dusty from neglect, his whiskers are uncombed.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a i.iN
.N
a) How is the cat described in the above lines Sep 2020
l l a l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s ssaa
The cats eyebrow is deeply lined with thought. His head is dome - like in shape. His coat is
a
dd a
dusty His whiskers are not combed.
aa add
a aa
P
..P
b) Why is his coat dusty? Sep 2020
ww ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
Because he has never thought of cleaning it. He is busy in making a plan to commit a crime
anywhere.
139
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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lalai .iN
I..N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
His powers of Levitation would make a fakir stare’ June 2019
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Reference:
aa
This line is taken from a
dd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Poem ww P
.. P
Macavity-The Mystery cat ww P
..P
Poet wwww T.S Eliot wwww
Context:
Here the poet talks about power of Macavity.
et
e tExplanation:
eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The poet says that his levitation is so powerful that it causes a fakir to stare bewildered.
assaa saa
s
II. ‘And when you think he’s half asleep, he’s always wide awake.
aa as
asaa
et
Reference:
PPaadd P Padd
a
ww..
This line is taken from
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
Poem Macavity-The Mystery cat
Poet T.S Eliot
Contect:
ai
Here the poet talks about the pretending sleep of Macavity.
eet t
Explanation: eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i .iN
.N
Macavity is a clever fellow. When you think he is sleeping, he is wide awake in fact.
l a
assaa s aa
s s
III. And his foot prints are not found in any file of Scotland Yard’s
a a a a aa
s
as
Reference:
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w ..
This line is taken from
ww..
wwww wwww
ad
ee t ee t
Here the poet talks about the great escapism of Macavity.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Explanation:
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s
him he is a mile away from the scene of crime. a
dd s
Macavity foot prints are never to be found in any file of the Scotland Yard’s. When they try to find
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
Reference:
This line is taken from
Poem Macavity-The Mystery cat
eet t
Poet T.S Eliot
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Context:
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Explanation:
aadd s
a aa
s
The poet talks about the mastermind of cat.
a add
a aassaa
w P
..P ww P
.. P
When the foreign office’s Treaty is not found or the Admiralty Treaty loses some plans and drawing.
w
wwww wwww
It is useless to investigate as they all know that the mastermind behind this act is undoubtedly
Macavity’s.
140
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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lalai .iN
.N Reference:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa This line is taken from
Poem aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Macavity – The Mystery cat aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Poet ww P
.. P
T.S Eliot ww P
..P
Context: wwww
Here the poet talks about making up an alibi.
wwww
Explanation:
eet t eet t
The poet says that there has never been a cat of such deceitfulness and tactfulness. Macavity is
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
always ready with an alibi or two and when the crime is discovered, Macavity is not there.
et
P Pa dd
a tÇfŸP P aadd
F¿¥ò:
ww . . ia vGjî«
Macavity-The Mystery Cat poem
¤âš ïUªJ vªj
ww .. bfhL¤jhY« poetic
.N
ÑnH bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs
Key words:- Keywords
c§fS¡F cjÉahf ïU¡F«.
(Hidden paw, Scotland yard, levitation, fakir, gingercat, feline, friend, depravity, Admiralty,
ai
Secret Service, Napoleon of crime, cat)
eet t Context:-
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Poem al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Macavity- The Mystery cat
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Poet s
T.S.Eliot
a a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
Explanation:-
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
Macavity is a mystery cat who has supernatural powers. He commits a lots of crimes. But
wwww wwww
ad
every time he escapes from the scene of crime without leaving any evidence. He can fly and
float in the air with case. He has the wicked tricks to cheat the police. So he is called as the
Napoleon of crime.
t t
.P
F.
ee t ee t
Eliot has many figures of speech to present the poem to the readers in an interesting way. He
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
has attributed human qualities of a cat in this poem. (Pg.No. 130)
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
i) Identify the literary devices used in the following lines:(Figure of Speech)
w
a) a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
He sways his head from side to side, with movements like a snake – simile
b)
P Paa P Paa
They say he cheats at cards. – metaphor/Personification
.. ..
w
c) w
w ww
Macavity, Macavity there’s no one like Macavity -Repetition
ii) wwww wwww
Give four instances where the poet has used alliteration in the poem.
w
eet t
Deeply – domed / head - highly.
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
2)
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
“For he’s fiend in feline shape, a monster of depravity”
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
fiend – feline.
3) a s
a s aass
“Or when the milk is missing, or another Peke’s been stipled.”
dd dd
Milk – missing.
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
ww ww
wwww wwww
4) “And his foot prints are not found in any file of Scotland yard’s”
Foot prints – found – file
141
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
iii) What is the rhyme scheme used in the poem? – aa, bb
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
iv) Pick out all the pairs of rhyming words used in the poem.
Rhyming words a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
1. Paw – law 2. Despair – there 3. Macavity – gravity 4. Stare – there 5. Air – there
ww ww
wwww wwww
6. Thin – in 7. domed – uncombed 8. Snake – awake 9. Macavity – depravity
10. Square – there; 11. Cards – yard’s 12. Rifled – stifled 13. Repair – there 14. Astray – way
15. Repair – there 16. Stair – there 17. Say – away 18. Thumbs – sums 19. Macavity – suavity
20. Spare – there 21. Known – griddlebone 22. Time – crime.
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
WRITING ACTIVITY
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa saa
s ssaa
G. Complete the verse with what you hear:- (Pg.No. 131)
aa aa
et
I)
aadd
A wonderful bird is the (i) _______
PP P Padd
a
ww..
His beak can hold more than his
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
(ii) ______ can.
He can hold in his beak
ai
Enough food for a (iii) _______!
eet t eet t
But I’ll be darned if I know how the Peli-can?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a
II) There once was a (iv) ______ at the zoo .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa
s
Who always had something to do
a s
a aa
s
as
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w ..
When it (v) ______ him, you know,
ww..
wwww wwww
To go to and fro,
ad
t t
.P
ee t
Who I thought was sweet and (viii) ____
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N He ate all the carrots,
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
And looked at the (ix) ___________
a s
And that was my cute little (x) _______. a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
Answers:
w
w ww
(i)
wwww
1. pelican 2. belly
wwww
3. weak
w
eet t eet t
SPEAKING ACTIVITY
l a
l i
a .iN
H..N l
Speaking Activity. (Pg.No. 131)
al i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aadd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
Work with a partner. Read the following questions and share your views with the class. Have you
a
heard of the phrase ‘cat’s paw’? The meaning is similar to that of ‘firing from the other’s shoulder’.
w P
..P ww P
.. P
‘Cat’s paw’ refers to a person who is used unwittingly or unwillingly by another person to accomplish
w
wwww
his own purpose.
wwww
142
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
a.
.N l a
l
contradicts the phrase ‘cat’s paw’.
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
This phrase originates from the fable ‘The Monkey and the Cat’. Explain how Macavity
i i
assaa a dd s
a aa
s
a a
dd s
a aa
s
‘Cat’s paw’ means a person, who is used by someone else to achieve his end. One who acts does it
a
not for his but for somebody else. Macavity does not use others for his crime. He is used by others
a a
w P
.. P ww P
..P
also. He commits the crime for his own purpose. So he contradicts the phrase ‘cat’s paw’.
w
b.
wwww wwww
‘When the mouse laughs at the cat, there is a hole nearby.’ Explain the meaning of this
statement to your friends.
When there is away to escape the mouse will also laugh at the cat. The mouse is sure if the cat jumps
on him he can escape maybe by entering the hole which is close by. In the same way, if a weak
et
e t e t t
person is happily facing a strong man in fight, it is clear he has a way to escape from him.
e
lalai.iN
.N
c.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Compose your own limericks on a elephant, a peacock and a butterfly. Read it out to your
assaa class.
aasaa
s as
asaa
et
Elephant
PPaadd P Padd
a
I love Elephant
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
It’s eyes are tiny
But they are shiny
It’s trunk is long
ai
But it is very strong
eet t
It moves slowly
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N But it is brainly al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa ‘A peacock’’
a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
aadd
Joy is a peacock-it’s beauty so rare;
P P P Paadd
w
w ..
A rainbow of colours that vibrantly flare.
ww..
wwww
After the train, brightly they come out.
wwww
ad
ee t
I saw a butterfly ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N It wings so high
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
This colourful fly
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
A treat to my eye.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
w
w ww
wwww wwww
w
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
143
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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et
PPaadd “v‹id xU òif¥gl« vL¤J¡bfhŸs nt©L«”
P Padd eh‹
a
ww..
“I want my photograph taken,” I said. The
w w. . gh®¤jh®.
v‹W
wwww ww
.N
photographer looked at me without enthusiasm.
T¿nd‹.Òòif¥gl« vL¥gt® v‹id M®tÄšyhkš
He was a drooping man in a gray suit, with the ww
mt® Tdš ÉGªj kÅj‹. rh«gš
dim eye of a natural scientist. But there is no
Ãw Mil mªâUªjh®.
ïa‰if ÉŠPhÅia¥ nghš f©fis _oa t©z« ïU¥gh®.
ai
need to describe him. Everybody knows what a Mdhš mtiu Éthâ¥gâš m®¤j« ïšiy midtU«
eet
photographer is like.
t eet tm¿ªjJ nghš òif¥gl« vL¥gt® nghš ïUªjh®.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a
hour. I read the Ladies Companion for 1912,.iN
“Sit there,” he said, “and wait.” I waited an
al i .N l a
l a .iN
.N
“ï§nf c£fhU§fŸ”, “fh¤âU§fŸ”v‹W mt® v‹Ål«
i
brh‹dh®. eh‹ xUk neu« fh¤âUªnj‹.bg©fŸ
assaa s aa
s
the Girls Magazine for 1902 and the Infants
a a a assaa
Jizt‹ (1912) nyo° g¤âÇ¡if (1902) FHªij g¤âÇ¡if
as
P Paadd
Journal for 1888. I began to see that I had done
P P aadd
(1888) ngh‹wt‰iw go¤J¡ bfh©oUªnj‹. eh‹ v‹
w
w ..
an unwarrantable thing in breaking in on the
w w..
Kf¤ij fh£ond‹ mJ mtU¡F m¿Éaš Éthjkhd bghJ
wwww ww
privacy of this man’s scientific pursuits with a fhÇa§fis cil¥gJ nghš jtwhf bjǪjJ.
w w
ad
ee t
“Come in,” he said severely.
ee t “cŸns thU§fŸ vd fLfL¥ghd FuÈš T¿dh®.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
I went into the studio.
“Sit down,” said the photographer.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N eh‹ °Lonah cŸns br‹nw‹.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
“mkU§fŸ” v‹W òif¥gl« vL¥gt® T¿dh®.
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s
I sat down in a beam of sunlight filtered through
a s
a s
gÅgl®ªj NÇa xË¡F vâuhf bjh§fÉl¥g£l bjhʉrhiy
dd
P
.. Paa
a sheet of factory cotton hung against a frosted gU¤â.
P
.. Paa
w
skylight.
w
w ww
J tÊahf tU« xË¡F vâuhf eh‹ mk®ªâUªnj‹.
wwww
The photographer rolled a machine into the mid-
wwww
mt® mªj ïaªâu¤ij miwÆ‹ eLgFâ¡F bfh©L tªjh®.
w
dle of the room and crawled into it from behind. ã‹d® C®ªJ br‹W ã‹g¡f« m⚠Ëwh®.
He was only in it a second,--just time enough mt® xU ÃÄl« v‹id gh®¤JÉ£L ã‹ò btËna br‹wh®.
for one look at me,--and then he was out again, fh£l‹ Ó£il »Ê¤J, r‹dš ngdšfŸ ë¡»§ F¢áfSl‹
eet t
tearing at the cotton sheet and the window
eet t ïiz¤J, mt‰iw btË¥gilahf fh‰W k‰W« xË bršy
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
panes with a hooked stick, apparently frantic
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
brŒjh®. ã‹d® mt® C®ªJ ïaªâu¤â‰F br‹W mt®
assaa aa aa
for light and air. Then he crawled back into the nkš xU fU¥ò JÂia ngh£L bfh©lh®. eh‹ mikâahf
a
dd s
a s
machine again and drew a little black cloth over
aass
ïUªnj‹. òif¥gl« vL¥gt® btËna tªJ ÔÉukhf v‹
dd
P
..Paa
himself. This time he was very quiet in there. I
P
.. Paa
Kf¤ij gh®¤JÉ£L v‹ jiyia mir¤J É£L br‹wh®.
ww
knew that he was praying and I kept still. When
ww
wwww
the photographer came out at last, he looked
very grave and shook his head. wwww
144
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
“The face is quite wrong,” he said.
l a
l i
a
“I know,” I answered quietly; “I have always
.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
“ïªj Kf« Äfî« jtwhf cŸsJ” vd T¿dh®.
assaa aa aa
“vd¡F bjÇí«”, vd gâš mˤnj‹ ,
known it.”
a
dd s
a s a s
a s
“eh‹ v¥nghJ« m¿ªjJ jh‹”.
dd
He sighed.
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
mt® bgU_¢RÉ£lh®.
w
“I think,” he said, “the face would be better
w ww
“c‹ clš _‹¿š fhšghfkhf ïUªjhš e‹whf ïUªâU¡F«,
wwww
three-quarters full.”
“I’m sure it would,” I said enthusiastically, for wwww
v‹W“eh‹ Ãid¡»nw‹” v‹W mt® T¿dh®.
“eh‹ mij cWâahf e«ò»nw‹“ eh‹ M®tkhf T¿nd‹,
I was glad to find that the man had such a mtU¡F kÅj jFâ ïUªjJ Ãid¤J. eh‹ bgUÄj«
human side to him. “So would yours. In fact,” I bfhŸ»nw‹.
et
e t
continued, “how many faces one sees that are
eet t “vdnt c‹DilaJ c©ikahdJ” v‹wh®. mªj òif¥gl«
lalai.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
apparently hard, narrow, limited, but the minute
i
you get them three-quarters full they get wide,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
vL¥gt® nf£gij ÃW¤âbfh©lh®. mt® v‹ mU»š ifahš v‹
assaa s aa s aa
jiyia ö¡»dh®. ã‹ò m§F« ï§F« âU«ãdh®. v‹Ål«
large, almost boundless in----”
aa s a a s
et
aadd
But the photographer had ceased to listen. He
PP P Paadd
K¤jÄl tU»wh® vd Ãid¤J, v‹ f©fis _ond‹.
ww..
came over and took my head in his hands and
ww ..
Mdhš eh‹ jtwhf Ãid¤nj‹.
wwww ww
.N
twisted it sideways. I thought he meant to kiss
me, and I closed my eyes. But I was wrong.
He twisted my face as far as it would go and
w
w
mt® m§F« ï§Fkhf v‹ Kf¤ij c‰W neh¡»¥ gh®¤J
ai
then stood looking at it. bfh©L ïUªjh®.
eet t
He sighed again.
eet tmt® kWgoí« bgU_¢RÉ£lh®.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
“I don’t like the head,” he said.
al l a
l
Then he went back to the machine and took i
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
“vd¡F c§fŸ jiyia ão¡fÉšiy” v‹W T¿dh®.
i
ã‹ò mt® ïaªâu¤â‰¡F cŸns br‹W k‰bwhUKiw mj‹
assaa another look.
a s
a aa
s tÊahf gh®¤jh®.
a s
a aa
s
as
aadd
“Open the mouth a little,” he said.
P P aadd
“thia á¿jhf âw§fŸ” vd¡ T¿dh®
P P
I started to do so.
w
w .. ww..
ehD« m›thW brŒnj‹.
wwww
“Close it,” he added quickly.
wwww
“_L§fŸ” vd clnd T¿dh®.
ad
e t
under the lids. Put the hands on the knees,
e ee t ïikfS¡F Ñœ mt‰iw RH‰W§fŸ, jaîbrŒJ, iffis
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a.iN
.N
please, and turn the face just a little upward.
i
Yes, that’s better. Now just expand the lungs!
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
f©z§fS¡F ÑnH ití§fŸ, bfhŠr« nkšòwkhf Kf¤ij
assaa aa aa
âU¥ò§fŸ, M«, ïJ ešyJ. ï¥nghJ k®hig ÉÇîgL¤J§fŸ!
w
dd s
a s
So! And hump the neck--that’s it--and just
a a s
a s
M«! fG¤ij neuhf it¤J¡bfhŸS§fŸ, m›tsî jh‹.
dd
P
.. Pa
contract the waist--ha!--and twist the hip up
a P
.. Paa
motƉiw btWkdhf ití§fŸ, -«! ã‹ò ïL¥ig
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
wasn’t made for me, but it’s my face, the only
l a
l a .iN
.N
FiwfŸ vd¡F bjÇí«, mJ mHfhdJ mšy. Mdhš ïJ
i
vdJ Kf«, eh‹ it¤âU¥gJ mJ x‹Wjh‹-” v‹ FuÈš áy
assaa aa aa
one I have--” I was conscious of a break in my
a s
a s
voice but I went on--”such as it is, I’ve learned
dd a ss
eL¡f« bjǪjJ. Mdhš eh‹ ngánd‹, ï›thwhf, eh‹mij
dd a
P
..Paa
to love it. And this is my mouth, not yours.
P
.. Paa
ÉU«g f‰W¡bfh©nl‹ ïJ v‹Dila thŒ, c‹DilaJ
mšy, vdJ fhJfŸ, -” v‹W T¿ v‹ ïU¡ifÆš ïUªJ
ww
These ears are mine, and if your machine is too
ww
wwww wwww
narrow--” Here I started to rise from the seat. vGªnj‹.
Snick! Snick!
145
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t e et t
lalai .iN
.N
The photographer had pulled a string. The
l a
l i
a .iN
photograph taken. I could see the machine still.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
òif¥gl« vL¥gt® xU fƉiw ão¤J ïG¤jh® òif¥gl«
assaa aa aa
vL¡f¥g£lJ. M¢áÇa¤JlD« jLkh‰w¤JlD« mªj
staggering from the shock.
a
dd s
a s a s
a s
ïaªâu¤ij gh®¤Jbfh©oUªnj‹.
dd
P aa
“I think,” said the photographer, pursing his lips
.. P PPaa
mt® mikâahf áǤJ¡bfh©L “c‰rhf« gL« neu¤âš
..
ww
in a pleased smile, “that I caught the features
ww
c§fis gl« ão¤nj‹,” v‹W T¿dh®.
wwww
just in a moment of animation.”
“So!” I said bitingly,--”features, eh? You didn’t
eh‹ vdJ
wwww Photo
it gh®¡f nt©Lbk‹nw‹.
think I could animate them, I suppose? But let “eh‹ KjÈš efš vL¡f nt©L«. rÅ¡»Hik eh‹ ïj‹
me see the picture.” mriy¤ jU»nw‹, ï¥nghJ gh®¡f KoahJ” v‹W T¿dh®.
et
e t eet
“Oh, there’s nothing to see yet,” he said, “I have t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
to develop the negative first. Come back on Sat-
l a
l a .iN
.N
rÅ¡»Hik br‹nw‹. mªj ngh£nlh»uhg® v‹id cŸns
i
tunt‰wh®. K‹ò ïUªjijÉl mikâahfî« ga§fukhfî«
et
PPaadd
On Saturday I went back. The photographer
P Padd
a
ww..
beckoned me in. I thought he seemed quieter
ww ..
wwww ww
.N
and graver than before. I think, too, there was a
certain pride in his manner.
He unfolded the proof of a large photograph,
w w
mt® bgÇa òif¥gl¤ij ÉǤjh®. eh§fŸ ïUtU« mij
ai
and we both looked at it in silence. mikâahf gh®¤njh«.
e t t
“Is it me?” I asked.
e eet t “ïJ eh‹ jhdh? vd¡ nf£nl‹.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
“Yes,” he said quietly, “it is you,” and we went
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
“M« ïJ Ú jh‹ v‹W mikâahf¡ T¿dh®.
assaa aa aa
on looking at it.
a s
a s s s
“mªj f©fŸ “v‹Dilajhf bjÇaÉšiyna” v‹W eh‹
a a
as
P Paadd
“The eyes,” I said hesitatingly, “don’t look very
P P add
ja¡fkhf nf£nl‹.
a
much like mine.”
w
w .. ww..
“eh‹ mt‰iw âU¤j« brŒJŸns‹. mJ mHfhf tªJŸsJ
wwww wwww
“Oh, no,” he answered, “I’ve retouched them. m¥go¤jhnd?” v‹W mt® gâyˤjh®.
ad
They come out splendidly, don’t they?” “e‹W Mdhš f©o¥ghf vdJ òUt§fŸ ï›thW ïU¡fhJ?”
“Fine,” I said, “but surely my eyebrows are not v‹W T¿nd‹.
like that?”
t t
.P
e t
“No,” said the photographer, with a momentary
e ee t “òUt§fŸ Ú¡f¥g£L òâa brŒKiw _y« òJòUt«
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l
We have a process now-the Delphide--for a
l a.iN
glance at my face, “the eyebrows are removed.
i .N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
nr®¡f¥g£lJ v‹W xU ÃÄl« òif¥gl« vL¥gt® v‹ Kf¤ij
assaa aa aa
gh®¤JÉ£L, T¿dh®. òUt¤âš cŸs KofŸ Ú¡f¥g£L ïU¡F«.
w
a
dd s
a s
putting in new ones. You’ll notice here where
a s
a s
mªj k©il X£o‹ Ñœ _o ïU¥gij eh‹ ÉU«gÉšiy”.
dd
.. Paa
we’ve applied it to carry the hair away from the
P P aa
vdJ ÉU¥g«go mªj gu¥òfËšcŸs Koia Ú¡»É£L òJ
.. P
w
w
brow. I don’t like the hair low on the skull.”
w ww
òUt tÇia tiuªJŸns‹” v‹wh®.
wwww
“Oh, you don’t, don’t you?” I said.
wwww
“fhJfŸ v‹d MdJ”? eh‹ fr¥òl‹ mtÇl« T¿nd‹,”ïJ
w
“No,” he went on, “I don’t care for it. I like to get v‹Dilajh?
the hair clear back to the superficies and make “eh‹ á¿J rÇbrŒnj‹“ v‹wh® mt®
out a new brow line.”
eet t
“What about the mouth?” I said with a bitter- eet t “c§fSilaJ ÑnH jŸË ïUªjJ. vd¡F mJ cjthjJ nghš
l a
l i
a .iN
.N la i
a.iN
.N
ness that was lost on the photographer; “is that
l
ïUªjJ”.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
“fhJfŸ Tl th” vd¡ nf£nl‹. “ešy rhayhf cŸsJ mJî«
mine?”
a
dd s
a s aass
v‹DilaJ nghynt ïšiy”.
dd
..
I found I couldn’t use it.”Paa
“It’s adjusted a little,” he said, “yours is too low.
P P
.. Paa
ww ww
wwww
“The ears, though,” I said, “strike me as a good
likeness; they’re just like mine.” wwww
146
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
“Yes,” said the photographer thoughtfully, “that’s
so; but I can fix that all right in the print. We
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
“M«“ òif¥gl« vL¥gt® nahá¤J brh‹dh®, m›tsî jh‹.
assaa aa aa
Mdhš mid¤ijí« tyJ òw¤âš bghU¤â cŸns‹. Òòâa
a s s
have a process now--the Sulphide--for removing
dd a a s
a s
KiwÆš it¤J fhJfis K‰¿Ykhf mf‰¿É£nl‹.
dd
.. Paa
the ears entirely. I’ll see if.....”
P
“Listen!” I interrupted, drawing myself up and PPaa
m¥òw« gh®¤J .......
..
ww ww
eh‹ ï§F v‹id òif¥gl« vL¡f tªnj‹ - xU gl« -
wwww
animating my features to their full extent and
speaking with a withering scorn that should
have blasted the man on the spot. “Listen!
wwww
mJ v‹id¥nghš fh£áaË¥gjhf ïU¡f nt©L«. vdJ
Kf¤ij á¤âÇ¡F« tifÆY« kªjkhf ïUªjhY« v‹Kf«
I came here for a photograph--a picture-- jh‹ vd¡F ntD«. vdJ ïw¥ò¡F ãwF vdJ e©g®fŸ
something which (mad though it seems) would it¤âU¥gj‰F VJthf, mJ¡F rÇbrŒí« Éjkhf ïU¡f
et
e t
have looked like me. I wanted something that eet t nt©L«. ïij eh‹ jtwhf v‹D»nw‹ eh‹ bgw Ãid¥gJ
lalai.iN
.N a i .iN
.N
would depict my face as Heaven gave it to me,
l l a l a i .iN
.N
ï‹D« Koªjghošiy. c§fŸ ÉU¥g¥go v‹ òif¥gl¤ij
l a
assaa aa aa
humble though the gift may have been. I wanted
aass ss
vL¤JŸç®fŸ. vdnt ï¥òif¥gl¤ij c§fS¡fhfî«
aa
et
P aadd
something that my friends might keep after my
death, to reconcile them to my loss. It seems
P P P dd
c§fŸ e©g®fS¡fhfî« it¤J¡bfhŸS§fŸ. mt®fS¡F
aa
ww..
that I was mistaken. What I wanted is no longer
w
w ..
nt©Lbk‹whš ï¥òif¥gl« kâ¥òÄ¡fjhf ïU¡F«. Mdhš
v‹id¥ bghU¤jtiu ï¥òif¥gl« kâ¥g‰wit v‹W T¿a
wwww wwww
.N
done. Go on, then, with your brutal work. Take
mt® f©ÙnuhL m›Él¤ij É£L br‹wh®.
your negative, or whatever it is you call it,--dip it
in sulphide, bromide, oxide, cowhide,--anything
ai
you like,--remove the eyes, correct the mouth,
t t
adjust the face, restore the lips, reanimate the
ee eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a a .iN
necktie and reconstruct the waistcoat. Coat it
al i .N
with an inch of gloss, shade it, emboss it, gild
l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
it, till even you acknowledge that it is finished.
a a a a
as
P P add
Then when you have done all that--keep it for
a P Paadd
w ..
yourself and your friends. They may value it.
w
To me it is but a worthless bauble.” I broke into
ww..
tears and left.
wwww wwww
ad
MáÇaiu¥g‰¿
°Og‹ ã.A¢ g£s® ä¡fh¡ FRSC (Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada 1986-1944)
t t
.P
ee t ee t
fdlh eh£il¡ rh®ªj MáÇa®. muáaš ÉŠPhÅ, vG¤jhs®, eif¢Ritahs®.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
nlhbuh©nlhÉš m¥g®- fdlh fšÿÇÆš fšÉ gÆ‹wt®. 1981 š nlhbuh©nlh
assaa aa aa
w
w
w ww
vGJtâš ït® Äfî« ãugykhdt®. r‹nrh‹ °bf£¢r° M¥ m È£oš lî©,
wwww wwww
m®fhoa‹, m£t‹r®° ɤ â Ioaš Ç¢ ngh‹wit ïtÇ‹ gil¥òfŸ MF«.
w
1. Based on your understanding of the story, answer the following questions in two or
three sentences each. (Pg.No. 135)
a)
e t t
Why did the author go to the photo studio?
e eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
The author went to the photo studio to take his photograph.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s ssaa
b) Describe the photographer .
a a
dd a addaa
The Photographer was a drooping man in a gray suit with dim eye of a natural scientist.
a a
c)
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
Bring out the significance of what Leacock was reading at the photographer’s.
wwww wwww
He read very old magazines like ladies companion, The Girls magazine and The Infant’s journal.
147
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
d)
.N l a
l i
a .iN
Why did Leacock assume that the photographer was praying?
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
The photographer crawled back into the machine again and drew a little black cloth over himself.
l
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
That time he was very quiet. So Leacock assumed that photographer was praying in silence.
e)
aa a
dd a
How did the inner room get light?
aa a
dd a
w P
.. P ww P
..P
A beam of sunlight filtered through a sheet of factory cotton hung against a frosted skylight. From
w
wwww wwww
this the inner room got light.
f) Why did the photographer take a long time to photograph leacock?
The photographer wanted the best feature and expression of the author. So he took a long time in
all type of arranging suggestion and criticism.
g)
et
e tWhat angered the author?
eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The author got angry because the photographer was continuously criticizing the author’s face.
assaa saa
s ssaa
h) Why did the photographer feel happy afer taking the photograph?
aa aa
et
happy.
PPaadd P Padd
As photographer had caught the features just in a moment of animation, the photographer felt
a
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
i) Why did leacock visit the studio on Saturday?
Leacock visited the studio on Saturday to collect his phoptograph
j) How did the author react on seeing his photograph?
ai
On seeing the photograph the narrator was surprised as the photographer made so many changes
eet t
in his photo.
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
k)
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
What changes had the photographer effected on Leacock’s face in the picture?
assaa aa aa
The photographer made so many changes in his eyes, eye brow, mouth etc. He removed the eyebrows
a s
a s
and he had retouched the eyes.
a s
a s
as
l)
P Paadd
What was the human side to the photographer?
P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
The photographer suggested some ideas to make his photo look better. That was the human side of
wwww
the photographer.
wwww
ad
t t
.P
n)
ee t ee t
What was the only similarity between Leacock face and his photograph?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a.iN
.N l a
l a.iN
Ears was the only similarity between Leacock’s face and his photograph.
i i .N
assaa aa aa
2. Based on your understanding of the lesson, complete the sentences given below to make
w
a s
a s a s
a s
a summary of the story ‘With the Photographer’ in a paragraph. (Pg.No. 136)
dd dd
a.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
The narrator went to the photographer to take his photograph.
w
b.
w
w w
The photographer made the author wait for an hour.
w
c.
wwww wwww
While waiting in the studio the narrator kept reading Magazines.
w
148
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
3.
a).N a i
a .iN
.N a i
a .iN
Answer the following questions in a paragraph of 100-150 words each. (Pg.No. 136)
.N
Stephen Leacock’s visit to the photo studio turns out to be an annoying experience for
l l l l
assaa s aa s aa
him. Discuss citing relevant instances from the story.
a
dd a s a
dd a s
Stephen Leacock went to the photographer to take his photograph. The photographer made the
P
.. aa P aa
author wait for an hour. While waiting in the studio the narrator kept reading some magazine. After
P ..P
ww ww
an hour, the narrator was called in. The photographer told him that the face was quite wrong. The
wwww wwww
photographer wanted to prove his skill. He took the author’s head in his hands and twisted it side
ways and looked at it. He didn’t like the author’s head. He asked to open the mouth and then to
close. He felt that the author’s ears were bad so he asked him to drop them a little more. He asked
the author to roll his eyes under the eyelids, to put the hands on knees, to turn the face little upward
to expand the lungs, to bend the neck, to contract the face. The photographer was continuously
et
e t eet t
criticizing the author’s face as he felt that the face was not appropriate for a photograph. The author
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
felt humiliated at this. He couldn’t bear. Thus because of humiliation and insult of his face, the author
assaa aa aa
was angry with the photographer.
aass as
as
et
b) “To me it is but a worthless bauble”Why did the photographer’s touch of technical
aadd
expertise appear a worthless bauble to Leacock?
PP P Padd
a
ww.. w ..
On Saturday, the author went back to the photographer for his photograph. The photographer
w
wwww wwww
.N
showed his photo. He looked at the photo. The author was surprised as the photographer made so
many changes in his eyes, eyebrow, mouth etc. He removed the eyebrows and he retouched the
eyes. The photograph didn’t look like the author’s photo at all. The author wanted a photograph that
ai
would have looked like himself. He wanted something that would depict the face as God gave it to
him. He wanted something that his friends might have kept after his death to reconcile them to his
eet t eet t
loss. But what the author wanted was not done at all. The purpose of the photograph was wasted.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
So the author told him “ To me it is but a worthless bauble.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
Paragraph for Toppers (gifted students):
a a a a
as
Paadd P Paa
I. Narrate the experiences of Leacock with the photographer GMQ
P dd
w
w .. or
ww..
wwww wwww
a) Leacock - goes to a studio - The photographer dislikes Leacock’s face - passes several
ad
comments - Leacock gets irritated - the photo - taken - wants to see the proof - visits the
studio again - The photo is edited - help of technology - Leacock upset over the changes
- calls it worthless - leaves in anger. March 2019
or
t t
.P
ee t ee t
b) Leacock - waits - studio - read magazines - long wait - many adjustments - got angry
l a
l i
a .iN
.Nworthless bauble Sep 2020
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
- took photograph - Saturday - final proof - retouched - no resemblance - frustrated -
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s or
a
dd s
a s
c) Stephen Leacock - visits a photo studio - for photograph - the photographer - unpleasant
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
comments - takes a long time - leacock gets angry - The photographer - rude - comments
w
w ww
on Leacock’s features - ill - treats leacock - takes photo in animation - asks to come on
wwww wwww
Saturday - Leacock goes - disappointed - does not resemble him - assures and leaves in
w
assaa Introduction aa a s
a
Plan of the paragraph:
dd
aa
s
add
a aassaa
w
At the studio
w P
..P ww P
.. P
wwww
Sad story
Conclusion wwww
149
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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eet t eet t
lalai .iNIntroduction:
.N l a
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.N l a
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Stephen Leacock is one of the most delightful writers of contemporary times. His experiences with
assaa s aa s aa
the photographer in a studio made him laugh at himself.
At the studio: a
dd a s a
dd a s
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
The narrator goes to the photographer to have his photograph taken. His experience turns out to be
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an unforgettable one. The simple process of taking a photo becomes a nightmare. The narrator does
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them sincerely but the photographer prefers a candid shot. With patience, he returns on saturday to
get the proof. He goes speechless on seeing the photo. The photo is modified to such an extent that
the narrator asks, “Is it me?”.
Sad story:
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The photographer expecting perfection has altered the eye brows, eyes and the mouth that the photo
e e
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.N l a
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.N l a
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doesn’t look like the original. The photographer has employed all his professional skills in the photo.
He has completely ignored the narrator’s originality. The narrator detested his fake appearance. He
assaa asaa
s as
asaa
gets terribly angry with the photographer for destroying his real face. The narrator bursts out making
a
et
PP add P P dd
the photographer realize his faults. He leaves the studio in tears refusing to take the photo with him.
a aa
Conclusion:
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w ..
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The creator has adorned every creature with its uniqueness searching for perfect alignment is a futile
.N
task. Accept the gifts bestowed on you from above with humanity and gratitude.
ai
eet t
Story With the photographer
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Author
al l a
l i
Stephen Leacock
a .iN
.N l a
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.N
assaa aa aa
Characters Author, Photographer
a s
a s a s
a s
as
Theme
P P add
Love Yourself
a P Paadd
w .. ww..
The narrator wanted to take a photograph. The photographer appeared to be a scientist making a
w
study of the faces of people who visit his studio. He had a serious face. So the photographer took
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it without interest. The narrator wanted to give the photo to his family and relatives, so that they
ad
remember him after his death. The narrator went to receive his photo. He got shocked on seeing
the changes in it. His eyebrows were removed, eyes retouched and mouth adjusted. Only the ears
remained the same. He became very angry for destroying his real face. He scolded the photographer.
t t
.P
e t
He shed tears and left the studio. e e t
He asked him to do all sorts of corrections and keep it with himself. To him it was a worthless bauble.
e
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a
“Don’t Judge a book.ibyN
.Nits cover”
l a
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a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a ss
Paragraph for Slow learners: (Late bloomers)
dd a a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ww
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eet t eet t
.iN
.N .iN
.N .iN
.N
Prose
lalai l a
l i
a l a
l i
a
assaa Unit a
dd s
a aa
s a
dd s
a aa
s
5
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
ww ww
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t The Convocation t Address
N ee t N ee t
- Dr. Arignar Annadurai
lalai.i. N l a
l i
a .
i . N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa g£lkË¥ò ÉHhÉ‹ aassaa as
a aa
s
et
PPaaddKfîiu P Padd
a
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.N
ghl¢ RU¡f«
1967 M« M©L et«g® 18« njâ m©zhkiy gšfiyfHf¤âš eilbg‰w g£lkË¥ò
ai
(convocation) ÉHhÉš K‹dhŸ jÄHf Kjšt® C.N.m©zhJiu mt®fŸ khzt®fS¡F M‰¿a
t t t t
ciuÆ‹ (famous address) xU gFâ ï¥ghlkhF«. ïWâ M©L gÆ‹W Ko¤j khzt®fŸ r_
ee ee
l a
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fh©ngh«.
l a
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f¤ij vâ®bfhŸs nt©oa, r_f¤â‰F brŒant©oa gÂfŸ flikfis g‰¿ ï¥ghl¤âš ÉÇthf
al i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa e«ik R‰¿ tUtJ, nghtJ v‹d? aassaa
s
as
P Paadd
What goes around comes around
Every activity in a society, be it development of
P Paaddts®¢á,
r_f¤âš eilbgW« brašfŸ, f£lik¥ã‹
w
w ..
infrastructure, education, health care etc. demands
fšÉ, clš ey« mid¤J .všyh
w w . etc…
tifÆY«
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resources in all forms. Resources can be mobilized
wwwwmid¤J
njitahd ts§fŸ MF«. tifahd
ad
e t e
mental and physical abilities. Thus, the fruits of
e e t fÅfŸ ghl¥glhj gy ënuh¡fË‹ Ka‰áÆ‹ _ykhf
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
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.N
development we enjoy today have come about only tªjit.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa eh« bg‰wij r_f ts®¢á¡fhf âU«g¡ bfhL¥gJaa
through the hardwork of many unsung heroes.
w
aass
It is our duty to contribute to development by
dd ekJ flik. J‹gÄ¡f khzt‹/khzÉPPjdJ aas
ddgÂÆš s
aa
giving back what we have taken. When a qualified
P
.. P a a
. . g£ljhÇiaí«
w
w
w
student embarks on his/her career, an element of
ww
b#hȤjhš mt‹/mtŸ nrit m§f¤â‹ C¡fkhf
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service should always be a part of motivation. The
fUj¥gLt®. ïªj
wwwmt‹/mtŸ
r_f« w ky®ªJ j‹
x›bthU
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
on my by this institution. I stand before this august
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
kÇahij¡fhf eh‹ e‹¿ brY¤J»nw‹. ïªj bgUikÄF
assaa aa aa
assembly today to deliver the Convocation address, mit¡F K‹dhš ï‹W eh‹ g£lkË¥ò Kfîiu
a
dd s
a s
for though it is a pleasure to be present on the happy
aass
tH§f¥ngh»nw‹. ïªj k»œ¢áahd jUz¤âš ï§nf
dd
P
..Paa
occasion of greeting the graduates of the year and
P
.. Paa
ïU¥gJ vd¡F k»œit¤ jU»wJ. ïªj M©L g£l«
w
wishing them all a bright and prosperous future, it is
w ww bgU« g£ljhÇfŸ midtU¡F« ešy bghÊthd vâ®fhy«
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The fact that I am conscious of my own limitations
gives me a sense of relief, for I shall not attempt to offer
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c©ik v‹dbt‹whš v‹ f£Lgh£L tu«òfis
eh‹ m¿ªâU¡»nw‹ v‹gJ vd¡F ëkâ jU»wJ,
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
original ideas or theories with a special stamp, but only
reiterate some of the cardinal principles enunciated by
aa a s
a aa
s
eh‹ v‹ fU¤J¡fis mšyJ nfh£ghLfis xU áw¥ò
dd
K¤âiuahf tH§f Ka‰á¡f kh£nl‹. Mdhš flªj
P
.. P
those who offered their advice in past years, perhaps
ww ww P
..PM©LfËš vd¡F m¿îiu tH§»a midtU¡F« eh‹
wwww wwww
with annotations here and there, bringing to bear the âU«gî« áy bfhŸiffis bjËthf brhšy¥ngh»nw‹.
lay-man’s point of view to the findings of experts in M§fh§nf nk‰nfhŸfŸ it¤J, fšÉíl‹ bjhlu¥g£l
various fields connected with education. gšntW JiwfËš Ãòz®fË‹ f©Lão¥ã‰fhf
rhjhuzkÅj¡ f©nzh£l¤ij RkªJ bfh©L tu
nt©L«.
et
e t eet t
This is the age of the common man - whatever ïJ rhjhuz kÅjÅ‹ fhy« - áy® gytif
lalai.iN
.N l a
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the regrets some might have - and it is his point of view
l a
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.N
ntjidfŸ bg‰¿U¡fyh« - mtDila gh®it¡F
assaa aa aa
that matters most and I do claim to represent him in mJ bgÇjhf bjÇí«. eh‹ mtiu mid¤J tÈik
aass as
as
et
all his ruggedness. ãuâÃâ¤Jl‹ fUJnt‹.
PPaadd
Systems and schools of thought, whether it is in
P Padd
a gŸËfË‹ mik¥ò Kiw v©z§fŸ, j¤Jt«
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w
philosophy or politics, ethics or economics, are certainly.. k‰W« muáaš, mwbe¿ k‰W« bghUshjhu« mid¤J«
wwww wwww
.N
meant for him. Universities, as the repositories of mtD¡fhf mika nt©L«. gšfiy¡fHf§fŸ m¿É‹
knowledge and the nursing ground for the emissaries fsŠáa§fŸ k‰W« ãuâÃâfŸ v©z¤â‰F nghyî«,
of thought, wisdom and service, have got a prominent bkŒaËî k‰W« nrit jÅ¢áw¥ig K¡»a¤Jt«
ai
role to play and the prominence is growing every day, bg‰W âdK« ts®¢á mil»wJ. všyh taâY« r_
t t t t
as more and more individuals get themselves equipped
ee ee
f¤ij K‹nd‰W« bghU£L nkY« nkY« jÅeg® ïªj
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
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have eschewed monarchy and autocracy and have.N
for the task of bettering society in all its age when we
al i l a
l a .iN
.N
ntiy brŒ»‹wh‹. eh« bg‰W jÉ®¤j Koah£á k‰W«
i
r®thâfhu« #dehaf« fhy¤ij¤ njh‰WÉ¡F«.
and their wisdom was meant for the mansion, not for nobles
¡F mu©kidfËš
the market place. Those were days when numbers did
mt®fË‹ bkŒa¿î khËif¡F ga‹gL¤j¥g£lJ.
not count, nor were eminent scholars asked to face the rªij btËÆš ga‹gL¤j¥glÉšiy. mªj ehËš
problems comfronting the masses. They were content eh£fŸ fz¡»l¥gLtâšiy. k¡fis M¡»uÄ¡F«
t t
.P
ee t e e t
to work in secluded spheres, far from the din and noise ãu¢áidfis vâ® bfhŸtj‰F ãu¤ânaf m¿P®fŸ
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of the common man and weave the costly fabric of ïUªjh®fŸ. mt®fŸ jÅahf ïl¤âš ntiy brŒth®fŸ.
assaa aa aa
philosophy of poetry which in turn was to be converted j¤Jt fÉijfË‹ Éiyía®ªj üÊiyia Milahf
w
a s
a s aas s
into dazzling garments for the select and the privileged. cL¤â rhjhuz k¡fË‹ r¤j« nf£fhj ïl¤âš
dd ddï¥nghJ
P
.. Paa thœªjh®fŸ.
P
.. P aa
w
w
The role of the University today is not cloistered
w gH§fhy¤âš ïUªjij
ww Él
wwww
and confined as in the past. Its function has been
gšfiyfHf¤âš
wwwwmšy. Mdhš mj‹
f£L¥gL¤j gLtâšiy. mj‹
w
eet eet
do his duty as the citizen of a democracy - a task which
t
kindles sweet hopes but which demands patience andt el¤â bršY« K‹ò mt‹ Fokfdhf #dehaf¤J
flikia¢ brŒa nt©L«. ïªj â£l« ek¡F
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.N lal i
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.N
perseverance, faith and confidence, faith in himself
l a i .iN
.N
e«ã¡if jªjhY« ïit ek¡F bghWik, ÉlhKa‰á
l a
assaa aa aa
mtÅl« cŸs e«ã¡if, mtDl‹ ãwªj brašfŸ
a
dd s
and in others and confidence in his inherent ability
a s
to shoulder the responsibilities. The common man has
ddaass
K¡»a¤Jt¤â‰F njhš bfhL¡»‹wd®. bghJ kÅj‹ xU
PPaa
become the origin of a potential ruler and the duty
.. P
.. Paa
rh¤âakhd M£áahs® flikÆš ïUªJ njh‹W»wh®.
ww w
today, the responsibility today of the universities is to
w ï‹W gšfiyfHf¤â‹ bghW¥ghdJ, #dehaf«
wwww wwww
fashion out of him an individual fitted and equipped for
the task of making democracy fruitful and effective.
gadË¡F« âwDl‹ brašgLtj‰fhf gaDŸs xU
jÅegiu cUth¡FtjhF«.
152
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l a . N
.
Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, our former President, made
FoauR¤
N
While addressing the University of Brussels,
i i gšfiy¡fHf¤âš
jiyt®
Brussels
ekJ K‹dhš
ciuah‰¿a la
l i
a .iN
.N
Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
lalai.iN
.N
and opportunities, of the present.”
l a
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.N l a
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a .iN
Ãid¤J j‰nghija ÃiyikfŸ, thŒ¥òfŸ, rthšfŸ
.N
k‰W« mid¤ijí« vâ® bfhŸs nt©L«.
assaa saa
s
Graduates of the year, I wish you all a prosperous
aa as
asaa
ïªj tUl¤â‹ g£ljhÇfns, ešy vâ®fhy« mika
et
PPaadd
future - for, after all, the immediate concern of every
P Padd
c§fis thœ¤J»nw‹. mL¤J, x›bthUtU¡F«
a
ww..
individual, graduate or no graduate, is to acquire the
w
w .. eh‹ bjÇÉ¡f Ãid¥gJ, g£ljhÇfŸ, kÅj brašghL
wwww wwww
means for a decent living. That is the first motivation bgWtj‰fhd mojs«. kÅj brašgh£o‹ Kjš
.N
for all human activity and no one can ignore it, but that C¡Fɤjš ïJjh‹. ahU« ïij ÃuhfÇ¡f KoahJ.
ought not to be the sole objective. Something higher Mdhš xnu F¿¡nfhŸ mšy. jŤjÅ bghUŸ
and nobler than mere individual material advancement
ai
K‹nd‰w¤ij¡ fh£oY« ca®ªj k‰W« c‹djkhd
is expected of you – for remember that this University x‹W Ú§fŸ vâ®gh®¡fgLtJ ïªj gšfiyfHf¤â‹
eet t eet t
education is a privilege that you enjoy, for which you fšÉ k»œªJ bgUik¥gl Toanj, Ú§fŸ thœªj ïªj
l a
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.N al l a
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.N
are deeply indebted to the community of which you
l a
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.N
r_f¤â‰F ïªj fšÉia âU«g bfhL¡f nt©L«.
and the toilers, men who did not enjoy this privilege,
Koahjt®fŸ. j§fË‹
men who willingly submit themselves to discomfort, Rf¤ij ïHªJ mL¤J jiyKiwÆ‹ ešthœÉ‰F
so that they can enable the next generation to lead ciH¡»wh®fŸ. g£ljhÇfns, eh‹ c§fËl« nf£»nw‹,
t t
.P
e t e t
a better life. Graduates, may I ask you, how are you
e e v‹d ifkhW brŒa ngh»Ö®fŸ? r_f¤â‰F c§fŸ
l a
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.N l a
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.N
going to repay - what is to be your contribution to the
social chest on which you have drawn so largely. Unless
l a
l i
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.N
g§fË¥ò v‹d? Ú§fŸ Ãu¥ghj tiuÆš tuÉU¡F«
assaa aa aa
jiy KiwÆd® xU bt‰¿l¤ij k£Lnk fhz Koí«.
w
a s
a s
you replenish it richly, coming generations will find only
dd ddaass
an empty coffer.
P
.. Paa P P a a
. . c§fËlÄUªJ
w
w
Your superior education increases your respon-
w cdJ ca®fšÉ
ww
r_f¤â‹ bghW¥òz®it
wwww
sibility to society and therefore, apart from or along
nk«gL¤J«. cdJ jÅ¥g£l
nghJkhd tUkhd¤ijw w ww vâ®gh®gj‰F cÇik
K‹nd‰w«,
w
eet t eet t
toning up society, in bringing light into the dark alleys, bfh©L tu, ghâ¡f¥g£nlhU¡fhd MWjš mÊ¡f,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal a.iN
.N
sunshine into dingy places, solace into the afflicted,
i
hope unto the despondent and a new life unto every vâ®gh®¡»nw‹.
l a
l a .iN
.N
x›bthUtU« kd¢nrh®É‹¿ ciH¡f òâa thœ¡ifia
i
assaa one.
wwww
dream of an aristocracy of achievements arising out of
a democracy of opportunities.” f©lhf nt©L«” ww w w ãuâÃâ¤Jt¤ij fdî
153
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ww
www.Padasalai.Net
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
And when I seek your help and cooperation in the
supreme task of serving society, please do not wink and
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
eh‹ rKjha¤ij¢ nrÉ¡F« Äf¢ áwªj gÂÆš
c§fŸ cjÉiaí« x¤JiH¥igí« njL« nghJ,
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
smile and say, it is all so easy to say. I am not unaware
of the difficulties in the way, nor am I going to brush
aa a s
a aa
s
jaîbrŒJ f© áÄ£o áÇ¡fhkš brhšY§fŸ,
dd
mJ brhštj‰F Äfî« ïÅikahdJ. v‹tÊÆš
P
.. P
aside the influence of the environment on you. Maybe,
ww ww P
..P
M»nahÇ‹ J‹g§fŸ g‰¿ bjÇahJ, c‹ NHÈš
wwww wwww
the world in which you are to begin the journey is one cŸs bršth¡if xJ¡» ö¡» nghL»nw‹. c‹
which will dim your hope, disturb your determination. gaz« bjhl§» nghF« ïªj cyf¤âš c‹ e«ã¡if
You may come face to face with the unpleasant sight of ïUshf ïU¡fyh«. c§fŸ cWâia bjhªjuthf
practices widely differing from the principles inculcated brŒayh«. c§fËl« cŸs nfh£ghLfËÈUªJ
in you. You may find self-seekers enthroned and the gutyhf ntWgL»‹w gH¡ftH¡f§fSldhd
et
e t eet t
patient worker decried. Tyranny of all sorts may stare ne®ikahd gh®itia Ú§fŸ vâ®bfhŸs neÇlyh«.
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
at you and every step you take will be a struggle. I
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Ú§fŸ Raey thâfŸ, á¤âutijfŸ, k‰W« nehahË
assaa aa aa
admit that the environment is such that even people bjhÊyhË Jnuhf« fhzyh«. bfhLik c‹id neÇ£L
aass
with robust optimism will be discouraged and forced to
as
as
et
gh®¡fyh«. cdJ x›bthU moí« cd¡F ãu¢rid
aadd
take to the path of ease and comfort.
PP P Padd
a
jU«. tYthd e«ã¡ifíl‹ Toa “k¡fŸ c§fS¡F
ww.. w
w .. C¡fkË¥gh®fŸ” v‹W eh‹ fUJ»nw‹. ârakhf
wwww wwww
.N
mt®fŸ cd¡F vËjhfî«, MWjyhfî« ïU¥g®.
But, we should also realize that a continuous KG Ka‰áíl‹, KG c¤ntf¤Jl‹
stream of men and women endowed with the spirit of M©fS« bg©fS« rKf¤â‰fhf ciH¤jhš e«
ai
service have been carrying on the crusade successfully r_f¤ij bt‰¿fukhd r_fkhf kh‰w Koí« v‹gij
eet t
and have conferred rich benefits on humanity.
eet t eh« cz®ªJ bfhŸs nt©L«.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l a .iN
.N
We, the Tamilians, have been holding aloft this
i
ideal for more than two thousand years as expressed
l a
l a .iN
.N
jÄHh»a eh« ïu©L MÆu« M©Lfshf ekJ
i
òweh}W (182)‰iw ö¡»Ã‰»nwh«.
assaa in Purananuru (182).
a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
Ú jh‹ c‹ áwªj M‰wÈÈUªJ ïªj NœÃiyfis
as
aadd
As inheritors of that rich legacy, you are best
P P P aadd
vâ®bfh©L r_f nrit brŒant©L«.
P
w ..
suited to overcome even the environment and serve
w ww.. ïªj mf©l cyf¤âš c‹id e«ã¡ifíl‹
wwww wwww
society to the best of your abilities. mD¥ò»nw‹. ïijit¤J Ú bt‰¿ bgw nt©L«.
ad
I am confident that you are being sent into the ïªÃWtd« cd¡F mˤj cz®îfŸ k‰W« kdÃiy
wide world. With this objective - you are bound to win, bfh©L cdJ thœ¡if ãufhrkhf mika£L«.
for you are adequately equipped with the spirit supplied c§fŸ ÄË®î ïªj ïl¤ij ãufhr kh¡f£L«! v‹Dila
by this great institution. May your life be a bright one,
t t
.P
of smiles.
ddaas s ddaas s
P
.. Paa ..PP aa
w
w
w MáÇa® F¿¥ò w w
www w w
w ww
w
eet t t t
Ék®rf®, brh‰bghÊths®, muáaš îth», fjháÇa® v‹w g‹Kf j‹ik bfh©lt®.
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
r_f muáaš, ïy¡»a ò¤jf§fŸ gyt‰iw vGâíŸsh®. mnkÇ¡fhÉ‹ naš
gšfiyfHf¤jhš r¥ ~bgšnyhÎ¥ ÉUJ tH§» bfsuÉ¡f¥g£lh®. ïJ mnkÇ¡f®
assaa dd s
a aa
s ddaassaa
mšyhj xUtU¡F tH§f¥g£l Kjš bfhsutkhF«. ïnj rka« m©zhkiy¥
a
gšfiy¡fHf¤âš bfsut Kidt® g£l« tH§» bfsuÉ¡f¥g£lh®.
aa aa
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
154
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aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
GLOSSARY
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
TEXTUAL
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Words
w P
.. P
Tamil Meaning
w
Synonyms
ww P
..P Antonyms
wwwwm¿îW¤J wwww
1. conferred mDTy« Granted a title, degree,
benefit or right
2. reiterate Say or do again Take back
3. enunciated bjËthf TW Spoke clearly Muffle, mumble
et
e t
4. ruggedness tÈik
eet t
Strength, toughness exhausted, weakened
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .
iN. N l a
l i
a .
i N
. N March 2023
assaa saa
s ssaa
5. repositories fsŠáa« Store houses
aa aa
et
6. emissaries
jÉ®.PP aadd
öJ¢ brŒâahs® ambassadors
P Padd
a
7. eschewed
ww . w
w ..
Have nothing to do with / Embrace, like
wwwwVfhâg¤âa« wwww
.N
avoid, stay away
8. autocracy Government by one ruler democracy
9. feudal ÃyîÇik Kiw Having to do with the middle modern
ai
ages, old
eet t
10. confronting vâ®Kfkhf Ú
eet t
Aggressively resisting / avoid, surrender
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i.iN
a .N
oppose
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa
jÅ, xJ¡fkhd ïl« aa aa
11. secluded spheres
aas s Isolated areas
a s
a sMingled, socialized
as
nkš tisîd dd
12. cloistered
PPa a d
_Lghij Restricted / withdrawn
P Paa free, open
13. perseverance ..
ÉlhKa‰áíl‹
ww ww..
Continued effort, stead Idleness, lethargy
wwwwïa‰Twhd fastness
wwww
ad
ee t
17. tillers Étrha« brŒ»wt‹ ee t
Persons who produce crops/
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l i.iN. N
raise animals, cultivators
a
l a l a
l i
a.iN.N
assaa aa aa
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
25. lustre x訔
lal i
a.iN
.N
Glow of reflected light
l a
l i
a
Dullness .iN
.N
assaa a addaas saa
ADDITIONAL TEXTUAL
add
a aassaa
1. mobilized
ww P
Ma¤j¥gL¤J, P
. . jah®ÃiyÆš ïU Activated, impelled
ww P
.. P Halt, hold back
2. embarks wwww
bjhl§F wwww
Commence, set about Disembark, stay
155
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
3. excerpt FW«gFâ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Portion, piece
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Whole
assaa aa aa
4. cardinal Important, key Insignificant,
K¡»akhd
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s unimportant
5. regret tUªJ P
.. Paa P
..Pa
Grief, worrya Happy, satisfaction
ww ww ww
6. wisdom
7. prominent
gFâj¿î
ww
F¿¥ãl¤j¡f wwww
Knowledge
marked, important, famous
ignorance
Obscured, sunken
8. inaugurated m¿Kf¥gL¤J Introduced, begun Ended
9. adorn mHF nr® Decorate, beautify Damage, deform
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N
10. gilded
11. eminent
j§fKyh« óRjš
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Luxurious, prosperous
l
Famous, renowned a
l i
a .iN
.N Poor, unsophisticated
Inferior, unnotable
assaa
òfœthŒªj
12. privileged
aasaa
s as
asaa
Honoured, special
et
jŢ rYif Under privileged
13. domain
PPaadd P Padd
a
Rule, authority Surrender
ww..
bra‰fs«
w
w ..
wwww wwww
14. sole xUtU¡F k£L« caÇa Single, alone Together, shared
.N
15. adequate nghJkhd Plenty Inadequate
16. dingy mG¡fhdJ« ïU©lJkhd Shabby, soiled, dirty Clean, spotless
ai
17. solace MWjš mË Comfort, peace Discord, disharmony
eet t
18. afflicted J‹òWjš eet t Suffering, depressed Delighted/supported
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
19. inculcate al
kdâš MH¥ gâait¤jš
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Implant, impart
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Take out/remove
wwww wwww
ad
t t
.P
ee t ee t
TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a
A. Answer the following questions briefly in a sentence or two: (Pg.No. 143)
.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
1. a s
a s
Who does the speaker claim to represent?
dd a
dd s
a s
P
.. aa P aa
The speaker claims to represent the common man, who tried to work hard to put an end to monarchy
P .. P
w
and autocracy.
w
w ww
2. wwww wwww
Why are universities necessary for a society? May 2022
w
Universities are necessary because they impart wisdom and service in an individual. They equip and
train the individuals for the task of bettering the society.
3.
eet t eet t
What was the role of scholars and poets in olden days? March 2020
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
In olden days scholars and poets were treated as private properties.
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Their wisdom was meant for high society people not for common man.
a
dd s
a s ddaass
4.
P
..Pa
In what ways have universities improved the society?
a P
.. Paa
Universities have improved the society by training and guiding an individual before he is asked to do
ww ww
wwww
his duty as the citizen of a democracy.
wwww
156
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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lalai .iN
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
Universities develop the true spirit of democracy.
l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa
etc.
aadd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
It develops good qualities such as appreciating others points of view and having healthy discussions
a
6.
w P
.. P w P
..P
What should the youngsters aim in life after their graduation?
w w
wwww wwww
The immediate aim is to acquire the means for a decent living but they are highly indebted to the
community which they should replenish richly.
7. How can a graduate give back to his/her society?
A graduate can give back in terms of service like toning up society, bringing light into the dark alleys
et
e t eet t
hope and new life into the suffering society.
lalai.iN
.N
B. l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Answer the following questions in three or four sentences: (Pg.No. 143)
assaa 1.
aasaa
s as
asaa
‘Wisdom was meant for the mansion, not for the market place’ What does this statement
et
signify?
PPaadd P Padd
a
ww.. w ..
This statement signifies that knowledge, in olden days was meant only for high society people and
w
wwww wwww
.N
not for the common or down trodden ones.
2. According to the speaker, how should universities mould the students of the present
day?
ai
The universities should mould the students by putting a task before them which demands patience
eet t eet t
and perseverance, faith in himself and others and confidence in his inherent ability to shoulder the
l a
l i
a .iN
.N responsibilities. al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa 3.
a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
How does Arignar Anna highlight the duties and responsibilities of graduates to the
as
society?
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
The graduates must perform their duties in terms of service like toning up society, bringing light into
wwww wwww
dark alleys, sunshine into dingy places, solace into the afflicted and new life to everyone.
ad
4. Students are instilled with some of the essential values and skills by the universities.
Enumerate them.
The universities train and guide the students in many ways. They induce in students patience
t t
.P
ee t ee t
and perseverance faith in himself and others and confidence in his inherent ability to shoulder the
l a
l i
a .iN
.N responsibilities.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
5.
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
What are the hindrances a graduate faces in their task of serving the society?
The main hindrance is the influence of the environment which disturbs an individual’s hope and
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
determination. Apart from this unpleasant sight of practices and tyranny of all sorts discourage even
w
w ww
wwww TEXTUAL INSIDE QUESTIONS wwww
the people with robust optimism.
w
1. What does the speaker try to convey in the beginning of his speech?
eet t eet t
The speaker tries to convey that he is going to repeat some of the key principles spoken by some
l a
l i
a .iN
.N la i
a.iN
.N
eminent personalities in the past years.
l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa 2.
aa a s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
How can a university trim and train guide and lead a person to function better in society?
dd
ww P
..P ww P
A university can trim and train a person by making him realize his duty as the citizen of a democracy.
.. P
It has to fashion out of him an individual fitted and equipped for the task of making democracy
wwww
fruitful and effective.
wwww
157
eet t eet t
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
3.
.N future generations how?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
According to Dr. S. Radhakrishnan universities ensure the democratic way of life for the
.N
assaa
dd s
a aa
s
adjustment of differences through discussions.
aa aadd s
a aa
s
Universities ensure the democratic way of life by mere appreciation of other’s points of view and
a a
P
.. P P
..P
It is kept healthy by individual responsibility. Universities make a person recall the struggles of the past
ww ww
wwww wwww
and realize the dangers and challenges of the present.
4. List the contributions of the educated youth to the society.
Educated youth must render their service in toning up the society, in bringing light into the dark
alleys, sunshine into dingy places, solace into the afflicted, hope into the despondent and a new life
et
e tunto everyone.
eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
C. Answer the following questions, based on your understanding of Dr. Arignar Annadurai's
assaa aa aa
speech, adding your own ideas in a paragraph of about 100 - 150 words.
aass as
as
et
to them?
PPaadd P Padd
1. How do universities mould students apart from imparting academic education
a March 2019
ww.. w
w ..
The role of University today is not confined as in the past. Its functions has been enlarged and
wwww wwww
.N
plays a vital role in moulding students. It trains and guides the students before they are asked to
do their duty as the citizen of democracy. It provides tasks to the students which inherits patience
and perseverance, faith in himself and in others and confidence in his inherent ability to shoulder
ai
the responsibilities. Infact the main responsibility of the universities is to fashion out of a student
t t t t
on individual fitted and equipped for the task of making democracy fruitful and effective. It also
ee ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
induces in him the quality of appreciating other’s point of view and adjustment of differences through
al i i
discussions. In short it moulds the student in such a way that he can face any challenges of the
a privilege to enjoy university education. Most of the money needed for maintaining institutions of
higher education come from the revenues collected from the community through the state. Naturally
a good proportion of that revenue comes from the tillers and the toilers. These are the common men
t t
.P
who were not provided with an opportunity to enter university. They are the one who willingly submit
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
themselves to their discomfort. They don’t like their next generation to have the same discomfort.
.N
Instead they want them to lead a better life. This thought of the common men is to be really
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
appreciated. Thus the younger generation has got the responsibility to repay this society in terms
a s
of their service. That is the best way in which they can pay their tribute to the common men who
P Paa
indirectly help them in their university education.
.. P
.. Paa
w
w
w ww
3.
wwww wwww
How does the speaker highlight the importance of giving back to the society?
w
eet t t t
have to overcome many hindrances to perform their service successfully. They may have to face
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
unpleasant sight of practices, tyranny of all sorts which will discourage them. But they must realize
that a continuous stream of men and women endowed with the spirit of service have been carrying
assaa a s aa
s a ssaa
on the crusade successfully and have conferred rich benefits on humanity. The Tamilians have been
aadd a add
a a
holding this ideal for more than two thousand years as expressed in Purananuru. It celebrates the
w P
..P ww P
.. P
selfless spirit and courage of people who served society by sharing everything with their fellow men.
w
wwww wwww
So as inheritors of that rich legacy the graduates must overcome their hindrances and serve society
to the best of their abilities.
158
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i
a .iN
You were one of the fresh graduates at the convocation function of the University. You
.N
had the rare privilege of listening to the enlightening speech of Dr Arignar Anna. Write
l
assaa speech on you.
aadd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
a letter to your friend high lighting the core ideas of his speech and the impact of the
a
ww P
.. P ww P
..P 5/20, II street,
et
e t eet t
I would like to share my experience with you. He started his speech saying universities which are the
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
repositories of knowledge play a vital role in the life of an individual. I come to know that universities
assaa aa aa
in olden age train scholars, who in turn render their service only to the royal society and not to the
aass as
as
et
common men. But now the function of university has been e nlarged which moulds an individual in
Paadd P Padd
a
all ways and equips him for the task of making democracy fruitful. It is the duty of the graduate to
P
ww.. w
w ..
repay the society in terms of service in the path of which he has to overcome many obstacles. We
wwww wwww
.N
are expected to follow the ideals expressed in Purananuru and serve the society to the best of our
abilities. His speech was really very impressive and enlightening. It kindles the spirit in me to serve
the society. His enlightened speech indulge an optimistic outlook in my view. I even took oath of
ai
serving this society to my fullest.
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
Paragraph for Toppers (gifted students):
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
1. How does the speaker highlight the importance of giving back to the society? HY 2019
a s
a s a s
a s
as
(or)
P Paadd P Paadd May 2022 Mar 2023
w .. ww..
How do universities mould students apart from imparting academic education to them?
w
wwww wwww
March 2019
ad
ee t
Conclusion
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Introduction:
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
Dr. Conjeevaram Natarajan Annadurai, popularly called Arignar Anna served as the Chief Minister of
a
Tamil Nadu. This is a famous address made by Arignar Anna at the Annamalai University on November
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
18, 1967, on the occasion of convocation. He defines the role of universities and responsibilities of
w
w ww
wwww wwww
students in the duty of nation building.
w
e t t t t
make our democracy efficient. It should give faith and confidence to shoulder responsibilities. Only
e ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N difference take place. lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
in universities, the true spirit of democracy, appreciation of other's points of view and adjustment of
assaa aa a s
a aa
s
aa aassaa
As students, the immediate concern is to earn a living. The aim of education is to contribute to the
dd dd
society. The society has been the backbone of the universities. The revenue is paid by the common
w P
..P w P
.. P
man. Because of such selfless men, the world continues to exist. The education should bring hope
w w
wwww wwww
and progress to the needy. Every step we put forward might be a struggle. Never allow anyone or
anything to dim your hope.
159
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N Conclusion:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Education moulds the student in such a way that he can face any challenges of the present in an
assaa abilities.
aadd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
optimistic way. Graduates must overcome their hindrances and serve society to the best of their
a
ww P
.. P
Paragraph for Average students:
ww P
..P
Prose wwww Convocation Address wwww
Author Dr. Arignar Annadurai
Theme Duties and responsibilities of the students to the society
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Arignar Anna talks about the duties and responsibilities of the students towards the society. Universities
should make students as better citizens. Universities should train, guide and lead the common man
assaa asaa
s as
asaa
to make our democracy efficient. It should give faith and confidence to shoulder responsibilities
a
et
PPaadd P Padd
a
Students should get familiar with the struggles of the past and get accustomed to the dangers,
ww.. w
w ..
challenges and opportunities of the present. Students should serve the society . Society doesn't need
wwww wwww
.N
money. It needs the service of students. The goal of a graduate is to earn a living. The society is
the backbone of universities. Education should bring hope and progress to the needy. Never allow
anyone or anything dim your hope.
ai
Selfless service to society brings happiness
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l a .iN
Paragraph for Slow learners: (Late bloomers)
i .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Prose s aa
s
Convocation Address
a a a s
a aa
s
as
Author
aadd
Dr. Arignar Annadurai
P P P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
Arignar Anna talks about the duties and responsibilities of the universities and students. Universities
wwww wwww
ad
should make the students as better citizens. It should give faith and confidence to shoulder
responsibilities. Students should serve the society. Society doesn't need money. It needs the service
of the students. Education should bring hope and progress to the needy. The graduate must overcome
their hindrances and serve society to the best of their abilities.
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN. N
Selfless service to society brings happiness
l a
l i
a.iN.N
assaa aa aa
w
ddaass
VOCABULARY
a
dd s
a s
A.
P
.. P a a ..PPaa
Based on your understanding of paragraphs 6 and 7, complete the mind map: (Pg.No. 143)
w
ww w w
www
w Individual ww ruler
wwPotential
w
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
Democracy
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
a a a
dd s
a aa
s
w w ..P P
Universities w
Inherent
w P
.. P
abilities
wwww wwww
160
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
B.
.N l a
l i
a .iN
Words belonging to different semantic field. (Pg.No. 143)
.N l a
l
Now, read the following statements taken from Arignar Anna’s address:i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a s
a aa
s
aa a s
a aa
s
‘The role of the universities today is not cloistered and confined as in the past.’
dd dd
The highlighted word ‘universities’ is used in the field of education Find other words pertaining to the
ww P
.. P
field of education from the speech of Anna.
ww P
..P
wwww wwww
Field of education – institution, graduates, wisdom, scholars.
C Look at the following words and classify them according to their fields. (Pg.No. 144)
clinical, orthopeadic, dividend, operations, fertile, Carnatic, diagnostics, industries, keyboard, hacker,
et
e t t t
desktop, vocal, cultivation, organic, unplugged, disease, harvest, livestock, mother-board, investment,
ee
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
internet, proxy, recycle bin, orchestra, trade, hip-hop, uprooting, guitar, cure, contracts.
assaa saa
s ssaa
Carnatic Keyboard Vocal
aa aa
et
Music
PP add
Orchestra
a Hip-Hop
P Padd
Guitar
a
ww..
Fertile Cultivation
w
w .. Organic
wwww wwww
.N
Agriculture Harvest Uprooting Livestock
Desktop Unplugged Internet
Computer Hacker Motherboard Recycle bin
ai
Contract Trade Investment
eet t
Commerce eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Dividend
al
Clinical
l a
l a .iN
Proxy
i .N
Orthopaedic
Industries
Operations
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Medicine
a s
a
Diagnosticsaa
s Disease Cure
a s
a aa
s
as
P Paadd P Paadd
D.
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Words with different functions
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Read the following sentence taken from the speech of Dr Annadurai.
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¾¾“It has to take into account the commonness but to trim and train, guide and lead him…”
¾¾Notice the use of the words trim, train, guide and lead. Some words can be used in different
contexts, so as to bring out their various meanings.
t t
.P
ee t
¾¾Do you want a trim? (noun) ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
¾¾Do you trim your hair regularly? (verb)
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
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a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
Now, choose appropriate words to complete the sentences. The first one is done for you.
P
.. Paa
(frame, guide, book, play, print, plan)
P
.. Paa
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1. w
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a. We usually book tickets for movies in advance. ww
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b. Thirukkural is my favourite book. wwww
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l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a i
b. The tourist guide explained the historical importance of the site.
l a .iN
.N
assaa 4.
aadd s
a aa
s
a. We enacted a humorous play in our school function.
a
b. The children play in the ground every afternoon.
add
a aassaa
5. ww P
..P
a. My plan worked out well. ww P
.. P
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b. We should plan our work well in advance.
wwww
161
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
6.
.N b. We print wedding cards here
l a
l i
a .iN
a. The print is not clear; we cannot read the sentences.
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa E. a
dd s
a aa
s a
dd s
a aa
s
Words that define belief, attitude, theory, etc. that is referred to by a word ends with
aa aa
ww P P ww P
..P
the suffix '-ism'. Here is a sentence from the speech of Dr. Annadurai: 'I admit that the
..
environment is such that even people with robust optimism will be discouraged and
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forced to take to the part of ease and comfort'.
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The meaning of the word 'optimism' is 'the hopeful feeling that all is going to turn out
well'. Match the '-ism' words with the appropriate meanings. (Pg.No. 145)
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e t S.No. eet t
Meanings Words
lalai.iN
.N 1
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a
e.g. love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it .iN
.N patriotism - 1
assaa 2
aasaa
s
a brutal barbarous, savage act
as
asaa nationalism - 3
et
3 aadd add
a
the doctrine that your country's interests are superior
PP P P egocentrism - 9
4
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participating in sports as a hobby rather than for money feminism - 8
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5 belief that the best possible concepts should be pursued criticism - 6
6 a serious examination and judgement of something amateurism - 4
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7 habitual failure to be present at work barbarism - 2
eet t 8 t t
a doctrine that advocates equal rights for women
ee idealism - 5
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 9
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
concern for your own interests and welfare
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
heroism - 10
assaa aa aa
10 exceptional courage when facing danger absenteeism - 7
a ass a s
a s
as
P PaadLISTENING
d ACTIVITY
P Paadd
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Listen to the information about Vishalini and complete her profile with suitable words/
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the keynote speaker in International conferences. At the Google India Summit, she was honoured as
l a
l i
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.N l a
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a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
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the youngest Google speaker . She is the recipient of five international awards. This child prodigy is
assaa aa aa
considered a wonder girl.
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aass
dd READING a
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P
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A. w
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Answer the following questions. (Pg.No. 148) (For passage see Text Book Pg. No. 147)
1. wwww wwww
Who according to Gandhi, can fight against evil and how?
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eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
Answers:-
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
1. According to Gandhi a person who follows non violent methods can fight against evil.
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N GRAMMAR
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Gramer Reported speech: (Pg.No. 149)
aass as
as
et
Tenses
PPaadd Direct Speect
P Padd
a Reported Statements
Present Simple
ww.. Sindhu said, "I play chess."
w
w .. Sindhu said that she played chess.
wwww wwww
.N
Present Continuous Jayashree said, "I am working in a Jayashree said that she was working in
school." a school.
Past Simple Mani said, "I bought a car". Mani said that he had bought a car.
ai
Past Continuous Madhu said, "I was walking along the Madhu said that she had been walking
eet t street." eet t along the street.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Present Perfect al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Sekar said, "I haven't seen her."
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Sekar said that he hadn't seen her.
ee t
Zuber said to Saira, "Are you living here?.ee t Zuber asked Saira if she was living there.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i
a.iN
Senthil said, "Where is the post office?"
l .N l a i
a.iN
.N
Senthil enquired where the post office was.
l
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s
Shanthi said to Baskar, "What are you doing now?"
a
dd s
a s
Shanthi asked Baskar what he was doing then.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
The librarian said to the students, "Speak softly." The librarian instructed the students to speak
softly.
Raj said to Sukumar, "Please drop me at the station Raj requested Sukumar to drop him at the station
eet t
tonight." eet t the night.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
Here's a table of some more conversions..N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a s
a
Direct Request
dd
aa
s
add
a aassaa Reported Request
now
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
then / at that time
wwww wwww
today that day
163
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
yesterday
l a
l i
a .iN
.N the
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
day before / the previous day
assaa aa aa
last night the night before / the previous night
last week a
dd s
a s the a
dd s
a s
week before / the previous week
tomorrow
P
.. Paa P
..
the
Paa
next day / the following day
ww ww
wwww wwww
Note: The reporter's point of view governs the changes from the direct into indirect mode. These changes
are in respect of - personal pronouns, tense of the verb and adverbs of time and place.
et
e t
A. Report the following dialogue.
eet t “It was a day I felt really good. Last game, I was not
lalai.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
Prabhu : What are you doing here, Kiran? I
i
haven’t seen you for a few months. l a
l a .iN
.N
in the right kind of mindset. This is a beautiful place
i
to bat under lights. That’s the idea behind bowling
assaa aasaa
s
Kiran : I have just come back from my native
as
asaa
first. I like setting up for the short ball. It was a
et
aa
town Virudhunagar.
PP dd add
a
blessing in disguise, and they kept bowling short. I
P P
ww..
Prabhu : Did you enjoy your vacation?
w
w ..
think the pitch got better to bat on under lights. It
wwww wwww
.N
Kiran : Yes. I love the place. It is a clean and has been a roller coaster till now. People who are
busy town. close to me deserve a lot of credit. Obviously, you
want to lead from the front, and that’s a wonderful
ai
Prabhu : Where did you go and what did you
see? feeling. I have got eight or nine years left in my
l a
l i
a .iN al l a
l i
a
Prabhu : Share some pictures of your trip..iN
Kiran : I went to Courtallam falls in Tenkasi.
.N .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
day. It’s a blessing that I am healthy and getting
assaa aa aa
to captain my country. They have shown great
Kiran : Sure. See you later.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P Paadd P Paadd
character – especially the two young spinners.
The way the series went augurs well for us. We’re
w ..
Prabhu asked Kiran what he was doing there and
w ww..
looking forward to the T20s. The tour is not over
wwww wwww
added that he hadn’t seen him for a few months.
ad
Kiran replied that he had just come back from yet. After losing the Test series, I was talking to
his native town Virudhunagar. Prabhu enquired if you. I am here talking to you after winning the ODI
Kiran had enjoyed his vacation. Kiran replied in series.”
the affirmative and stated that he loved the place
t t
.P
ee t e
and added it was a clean and busy town. Prabhue t B. Rewrite Virat kohli’s words in Reported
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
asked where he had gone and what he had seen. speech
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s
Kiran replied that he had gone to courtallam falls in
Tenkasi. Prabhu asked Kiran to share some pictures a
dd s
a s
Virat kohli said that it had been a day he had felt
P
.. Paa P
.. Pa
really good. Last game he had not been in the right
a
w
of his trip. Kiran accepted it and informed to see kind of mindset. That was a beautiful place to bat
w
w ww
wwww wwww
him later. under lights. That was the idea behind bowling first.
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
between India and South Africa February 2018 had
l a
l a .iN
.N
People who were close to him deserve a lot of credit.
i
Obviously, he wanted to lead from the front and
assaa dd s
a aa
s
this to say during the post match presentation. India
a
won the match by 8 wickets and won the series by
aa aa aassaa
that was a wonderful feeling. He had got eight or
dd
nine years left in his career and he wanted to make
P
..P
5 – 1, a historic win against South Africa in their
ww ww P
.. P
the most of every day. It was a blessing that he
wwww wwww
home soil.
was healthy and getting to captain his country. They
164
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN l a
l i
a .iN
had shown great character-especially the two young
.N .N
spinners. The way the series had gone augurs well
l a
l i
a .iN
is not my fault; I am ready to pay a hundred
.N
rupees to repair the damaged cycle. The cyclist
assaa aadd s
a aa
s
for them. They were looking forward to the T20s.
a
The tour was not over yet. After the Test series he
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
said,” No, Let me call the police “.
P
.. P
had been talking to us. He was there talking to us
ww ww P
..P
2. The striking workers demanded an increase in
salary and asked for the withdrawal of all cases.
C.
wwww
after winning ODI series.
assaa aasaa
s
hundred rupees to repair the damaged cycle.
as
asaa
We continue the strike if the demands are not
et
aadd
The cyclist refused the money and insisted
PP P Padd
a met”. The manager said,” call off the strike and
w ..
that let the police be called.
w w
w .. come for a discussion. I am ready to listen to
wwww wwww
.N
Ans: The cyclist said to the driver,” Don’t move your demands”.
my car till the police arrive”. The driver said, “It
ai
Sample - @ E-mail. (Text book Pg.No. 152)
e t t
Inviting chief guest to Annual sports day
e eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N To: [email protected] l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
P P add
Cc: [email protected], [email protected]
a P Paadd
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w ..
Subject: Invitation - Annual Sports Day
ww..
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ad
Dear Sir,
We are happy and honoured that you have agreed to be the chief guest on our 34th
Annual Sports Day on 5th January, 2021. Our students are the thrilled about this and eagerly
look forward to seeing you on that great day. We expect your esteemed presence by 5pm. at
t t
.P
ee t ee t
the stadium. Please find attached a copy of our invite
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Regards
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
To: [email protected]
Cc: [email protected].
eet t
Subject: Thanks giving eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Dear uncle,
a s
a s aass
Many thanks for your good wishes and for your valuable present. The camera is a good
dd dd
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
one. I have been desiring for a long time a camera of this type. I shall be able to take some
ww
really fine pictures with it.
ww
C. Rithish.
wwww wwww
165
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
b)
.N l a
l i
a .iN
Write an e-mail to a charitable trust requesting for a scholarship.
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
To: sigaram thodu educational [email protected]
Cc: [email protected]. a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa
Subject: Scholarship - request.
P
..Paa
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Dear Sir,
I came to know that your trust is providing scholarship for the poor students. I scored 90%
marks in +2 and am unable to continue my studies. I request you to grant me scholarship to
continue my studies.
et
e t
J. Arul - Palayamkottai.
eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
LETTER WRITING.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a assaa
Formal Letters (For sample letters see Text Book Pg. No. 153)
as
asaa
et
a)
PPaadd P Padd
a
Mohamed Yusuf is the student secretary of the literacy club of your school. He writes a
ww.. w
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letter to a book seller requesting him to supply some books for the school library.
wwww wwww
.N
(or)
b) Write a letter to a book seller placing an order for some books for your school library Aug - 2022
ai
From
t t
The Student Secretary
ee eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l a .iN
Govt. Hr. Sec. School, Nagarcoil - 629 002.
i .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
To
a s
a s a s
a s
as
The Manager
P Paadd P Paadd
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w ..
Puthaga Ulagam, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli
ww..
Respected Sir,
wwww wwww
ad
I would like to place the following order for our school library. Kindly send the books by the
28th of this month. Please ensure that the books are in good condition and are neatly packed.
List of Books
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
1.
l
Sixth edition OUP, 2018a
l a.iN
.N
Oxford Advanced learner's dictionary -
i 5 copies
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
2.
a s
a s
History of English literature by
dd - 2 copies
a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa
William J Long
P
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w
3.
w
w
Intermediate English Grammar -
ww
2 copies
wwww
by Raymond Murphy
wwww
w
assaa aa a s
a aa
s
Thank you, Yours faithfully,
dd add
a aassaa
Mohmed Yusuf
ww P
..P
Place: Nagercoil Secretary, Literary club ww P
.. P
wwww
Date : July 10, 2022
wwww
166
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N Address on the envelope
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
To STAMP
The Manager
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
Puthaga Ulagam
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
ww
Palayamkottai. Tirunelveli-6270 07
ww
Formal Letters wwww
Tasks (Pg.No. 154)
wwww
1. a) Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper about the need to wear seat belt while driving.
et
e t
From
eet t
lalai.iN
.N
XXXX
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
YYYY
aass as
as
et
To
The Editor,
PPaadd P Padd
a
ww..
The Daily, Tirunelveli
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
Sir,
Sub: Need to wear seat belt while driving - Regarding
This is regarding the use of seat belt while driving. Many drivers do not take this matter seriously
ai
though the car company has introduced many signals to use it. People have not understood the
e t t t t
importance of the seat belt. The seat belt can save the life of the driver if the car meets with an
e ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
accident. Now-a-days the hi-end cars come with many balloons to save the life of people inside the
al i i
car. The balloons will open only when the seat belt is worn. So it is better that the people take it
assaa s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
seriously and wear the belt as soon as they get into the car to drive.
a
as
P P add P P add
Please publish this letter in your letter to the editor's column so that it will be useful to the public.
a a
w
w ..
Thank you, Yours faithfully,
ww..
wwww wwww
XXXX
ad
Place: Tirunelveli
Date : 6th July, 2023
Address on the envelope
To STAMP
t t
.P
ee t
The Editor ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N The Daily, Tirunelveli-6270 07
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a s
a s a s
a s
1. b) Write a letter to your friend stating the need to use a mask for your school library. Aug - 2022
dd dd
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa YYYYY
w
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w ww 22nd Aug 2022
Dear Kalai,
wwww wwww
w
I hope you and your family members are fine. Luckily none of us have been infected by the
covid - 19 disease. But we have to be careful. When you go out don't forget to wear the mask and
try to stay distant from others. Have a sanitizer and use it whenever you go out. Mask will prevent
e t t
us from infectious disease.
e eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Date : 22nd Aug 2022
lal i
a.iN
Place : YYYY Yours lovingly
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N XXXX
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ww
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ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN l a
l i
a .iN
.N
conditions of the streets in your locality. May 2022
l a
l i
a .iN
2. Write a letter to the commissioner of the corporation complaining about the sanitary
.N .N
assaa From
XXXX aa a
dd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
YYYY
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
To wwww wwww
The Commissioner,
City Corporation,
et
e t
Tirunelveli
eet t
lalai.iN
.N Sir,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa
et
PP add P P dd
Sub: Complaint about the sanitary conditions of the streets - Regarding
a aa
ww.. w
w ..
I would like to bring to your kind notice the insanitary condition of my street. As there is no proper
wwww wwww
drainage system, the rain water stagnates in the middle of the street. It becomes a breeding place for
.N
mosquitoes. Kindly make arrangements to provide a proper drainage system in our area.
Thanking you,
ai
Yours faithfully,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Place : Tirunelveli al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Date : 6th July, 2023
a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
P Pa
Address on the envelopeadd P Paadd
w
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wwww wwww
To STAMP
ad
The Commissioner,
City Corporation,
Tirunelveli-627007
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
3.
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Write a letter to a sports company ordering sports items for the Physical Education
assaa aa aa
Department of your school
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From a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
XXXX
w
w ww
YYYY
wwww wwww
w
To
The Manager,
t t
Rangeela Sports House,
ee eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Madurai – 25.
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Sir,
a
dd s
a s ddaass
Sub: Ordering sports good – Regarding
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
We are in need of the following sports goods for our school. Kindly send the goods by train to the
ww ww
wwww
above address and the railway receipt through V.P.P.
wwww
168
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N Items Quantity
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Foot ball 5 Nos.
Volley ball 5 Nos. a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
Cricket bat P
.. Paa
6 Nos. P
..Paa
ww ww
wwww wwww
Cricket ball 10 Nos.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,
S Ravi.
et
e t
Place : Pudupet,
eet t
lalai.iN
.N Date : 6th July, 2023
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Address on the envelope
aass as
as
et
To
The Manager,
PPaadd STAMP
P Padd
a
ww..
Rangeela sports House, w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
Madurai – 25.
4. Write a letter to the Chief Reservation Supervisor of Railways requesting him to grant
ai
concession for your educational tour.
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
From
XXXX al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa YYYY
a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
To
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w ..
The Chief Reservation Supervisor, ww..
wwww wwww
ad
Southern Railways,
Chennai – 75.
Sir,
t t
.P
ee t ee t
Sub: Concession for educational tour - Regarding
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
We have planned to go for an educational tour to Bangalore from our school. Fifty of our school stu-
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
dents are ready to join this tour. We will be grateful if you provide us with some concession in our train
P
.. Paa
fare. Hope to receive an immediate reply from you.
P
.. Paa
w
w
w ww
Thanking you,
wwww Yours sincerely, wwww
w
XXXX
Place : Chennai,
t t
Date : 18th Sept, 2023
ee eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Address on the envelope
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa To
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
The Chief Reservation Supervisor,
STAMP
add
a aassaa
P
..P
Southern Railways,
ww ww P
.. P
wwww
Chennai – 75.
wwww
169
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
5.
.N
From l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
Write a letter to the curator of the museum seeking permission for a school visit.
.N
assaa XXXX
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
YYYY
To ww P
.. P ww P
..P
The curator,
Rajaji Museum,
wwww wwww
Madurai.
et
e tSir,
eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Sub: Seeking permission for a school visit - Regarding
assaa aa aa
A group of sixty students of our school has planned to visit your museum on 26th of this month. We
aass as
as
et
are very much interested to see the display items of artistic, cultural and scientific significance. Kindly
Paadd P Padd
a
grant us permission to visit your museum. Expecting a positive reply from your side.
P
ww.. w
w ..
Thanking you,
wwww wwww
.N
Yours sincerely,
XXXX
ai
Place : Madurai,
Date : 6th Sept, 2023
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
Address on the envelope
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa s aa
To STAMP
aa s a a s
as
The curator,
P Paadd P Paadd
Rajaji museum,
Madurai. w
w .. ww..
wwwwLETTER OF APPLICATION wwww
ad
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
From
XXXX
l a
l i
a.iN
. N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa a a aa
w
YYYY a
dd s
a s CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENT
a
dd s
a s
To
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
WANTED 100 Part-time Graphic Artists
w
w
w ww
Experienced in Photoshop and InDesign -
wwww wwww
The Manager
MM Graphics, Salary negotiable.
w
eet t
Respected Sir, eet t or Mail your Resume to [email protected]
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Sub: Application for the post of Part-time Graphic Artist - Regarding
a
dd s
a s ddaass
Ref: Your advertisement in "The Hindu" dated 3rd July 2023
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
With reference to your advertisement, I apply for the post of part-time graphic artist. I have
ww ww
wwww wwww
six years of experience in the field of advertisement. Moreover, I have more than 3 years of working
experience in Photoshop and In Design packages. I have enclosed my bio-data for your perusal.
170
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
wwww wwww
ww
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ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
Looking forward for your favourable reply.
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Bio-Data
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa
1. Name of the applicant : XXXX
P
..Paa
ww
2. Father's Name : YYYY ww
wwww
3. Date of Birth : wwww
3rd April, 1998
4. Age : 25 years old
et
e t
5. Gender (Male/Female) :
e t t
Male
e
lalai.iN
.N 6. Religion (Any) :
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Hindu
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa saa s aa
7. Educational Qualification : Passed B.A. English in first class in Anna University
aa s aas
et
PPaadd
8. Additional Qualification :
P Padd
Diploma in Computer Application
a
ww..
9. Working Experience : 2 years
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
10. Languages Known : Tamil and English (Both speak and write)
11. Special Talent : Fluency in English, a good knowledge in computer,
ai
a good athlete
eet t
12. Salary expected : t t
Rs. 15,000 per month
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Declaration al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
I XXXX hereby declare that the detail furnished above are true and correct to the best of my knowl-
as
edge.
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w .. Thanking you
ww..
wwww
Place : Tirunelveli Yours sincerely
wwww
ad
ee t
To, STAMP
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N The Manager
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
MM Graphics,
w
a
Triplicane, Chennai-5
dd s
a s ddaass
P
.. Paa P
.. Pa a
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The Director,
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
Must be bold and confident
.N
Good Salary, transport and food allowance
assaa aa aa
ARV Institute of Languages,
149B, Bose Road,
a
dd s
a s ddaass provide.
Apply to: ARV Institute of Languages,
Coimbatore
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
149B, Bose Road, Coimbatore
ww ww
wwww wwww
Ph: 94400 XXXXX
E-mail: [email protected]
171
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.NRespected Sir,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Sub: Application for the post of IELTS Teacher - Regarding
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s th
P
.. Paa P
..Pa
Ref: Your advertisement in "The Hindu" dated 7
a July 2023
ww ww
With reference to your advertisement, I apply for the post of IELTS teaching faculty. I have four
wwww wwww
years of teaching experience in English at post graduate level. I have also passed IELTS test with a good
score. I have enclosed my bio-data for your perusal.
Looking forward for your favourable reply.
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N Bio-Data
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa saa
s ssaa
Name of the applicant : XXXX
aa aa
et
Father's Name :
PPaadd YYYY
P Padd
a
ww..
Date of Birth : 4 th
w
w ..
August, 1998
wwww wwww
.N
Age : 25 years old
Gender (Male/Female) : Female
ai
eet t
Religion (Any) :
t t
Hindu
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
Educational Qualification
l a
l i
:
a .iN
.N i .iN
.N
Passed M.A. English in first class
l a
l a
assaa a
Additional Qualifications
a aa
s :
a s aa
s
Diploma in Computer Application, IELTS Qualified
a
as
P Pa
Working Experience add :
P Paadd
4 years of teaching English in an International School
w
w .. ww..
wwww
Special Talent :
wwww
Orator at National level, Fluency in English,
ad
t t
.P
ee t
Declaration
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a i.iN
.N
I XXXX hereby declare that the detail furnished above are true and correct to the best of my
l a
assaa aa aa
w
knowledge.
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
Thanking you
w
w
w
Place : Tirunelveli Yours sincerely ww
wwww wwww
w
eet t
To,
t t
STAMP
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N The Director
la
ARV Institute of Languages,
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa 149B, Bose Road,
Coimbatore.
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
172
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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wwww wwww
ww
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ww www.CBSEtips.in
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa
et
PPaadd P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
ai
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa
s aassaa
as
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w .. ww ..
wwww w
w ww
ad
We are proud and feel so tall, caukhŒ X§» ca®ªJ ts®ªJ Égâš ah« bgUik
Our virtues though be few and small bfhŸ»nwh«.
Our nature it is that whatever we try
t t
.P
a
dd s
Defeat we repel, courage our fort;
a s
Cringing from others we haven’t done, a
dd s
a s
K‰Wifia x›thikahf ijÇa¤ij¡ nfh£ilahf
P
.. Paa P
.. Pa
Mdhš if¥g‰WtJ k‰W« brŒtJ ïšiy
a
w
We deem it our duty and mission in life, ïij ah« xU flikahfî«, thœÉ‹ xU âU¥gÂahfî«
To bless and praise the deserving ones; tho tUªJnthiu Má®tâ¡fî« Jâ¡fî«
Never shall we fail in what we commit, ah« brŒtâš ïUªJ r‰W« jtwhkš
Shall nourish the ones that nourish the world.
eet t eet tcyif ca®¤Jtâny cWâahŒ É»nwh«.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
We are proud of the position we
Hold; humble as we are,
lal i
a.iN
.N bfhŸ»nwh« l a
l a .iN
.N
ah« j‰nghJ ïU¡»‹w Ãiyia¥ gh®¤J bgUik
i
assaa a s
a aa
s
Our pride springs from the way we live.
aadd
Ours is a path of dignity and honour,
aa aassaa
gªJ bfh©L É»nwh« -
dd
v§fË‹ thœî¥ghijia v©Â bgUÄj« bfhŸ»nwh«
P
..P
A life that knows no kneeling and bending.
ww w P
.. P
kâ¥ò Ä¡f v§fË‹ ghij
w
wwww
We are proud and feel so tall.
wwww
xU thœÉš tisí« FWfyhdJ« ïšyhjij Ãid¤J
X§» ca®ªJ ts®ªJ Égâš ah« bgUik bfhŸ»nwh«
173
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aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Everest is not the only peak,
Every hillock has a summit to boast !
l a
l i
a .iN
.N ïka« xU c¢á mšy
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
mid¤J c¢áfS« Jâ¤J¥ ghlnt
a
dd s
a s
The height you reach is not that we care;
a s
a s
Ú§fŸ bfhL¡»‹w cau¤ij¥ g‰¿ ftiy ïšiy
dd
P
.. Paa
He, who does not stoop, is a king we adore.
We bow before competence and merit; P
..Paa
nkÈUªJ ÑnH ïw§» tUgtnd murdhf ah« bfhŸnth«
ww w
c©ik¡F« Úâ¡F« K‹dhš ah« jiy tz§Fnth«
w
wwww
The ones that are true and stand on their own
Are really the ladder for the rise of Man. wwww
c©ikahd fhÈny ÉF« xUtid
ah« xU VÂahf kâ¤J
Honour is a property, common to all: kÅjÅ‹ KG ts®¢á¡F
In dignity and pride no one need to be poor. všnyhU¡F« bghJthf, ngh‰Wtj‰F cÇa xU brh¤jhf
et
e t
We are proud and feel so tall.
t t
tWikÆY« bgUikÆY« ah« xU ViH mšy
ee
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
X§» ca®ªJ ts®ªJ Égâny ah« bgUik bfhŸ»nwh«.
a .iN
.N
assaa aa saa fÉP® F¿¥ò
s aassaa
et
P a add (1929-2016) xU áwªj bgh¿Æaš tšYd®.PP
nguháÇa® É.á. FHªijrhÄ
P a add
Ú®nkyh©ik
w w .fhš
JiwÆš áwªJ . ww . .j‹fšÉ
És§»dh®. áwªj vG¤jhs®, fšÉahs®, ïy¡»a«, vd gy
ww wwww
.N
ww
JiwfËš gâ¤jt®. ït® Fnyh¤J§f‹
vGâíŸsh®. 1988« M©L jdJ “thG« tŸSt«” v‹w
v‹w òid¥bgaÇš fÉijfis
üY¡F rh»¤âa m¡fhlÄ
ÉUJ bg‰wt®. 1999-š jÄHf muR tH§»a âUtŸSt® ÉUij¥ bg‰wh®. ït® kÅj
ai
tsnk©ghL g‰¿a fÉijfis mâf« vGâíŸsh®.
eet t eet t
A. Based on your understanding of the poem, answer the following questions in a sentence
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
or two each. (Pg.No. 158)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
1. Which line is repeated in the poem? What is the effect created by this repetition?
a
as
Paadd P Paadd
‘We are proud and feel so tall.”This line is repeated in the poem. We should have pride and courage
P
w
w ..
to reach the highest level of position.
ww..
wwww wwww
ad
ee t ee t
The speaker wishes to nourish the quality of doing work with determination. His mission is doing his
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a i.iN
.N
work with full dedication and never give it up.
l l a l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
4.
a s
a s
Which path should we follow in life?
dd a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
We should be happy and proud about our position and we should follow this path in life.
w
w
w ww
wwww wwww
5. What does ‘Everest’ in the title stand for?
w
174
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
B.
1..N l a
l i
a .iN
Read the given lines and answer the questions that follow.(Pg.No. 158)
Our nature it is that whatever we try .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aadd s
a aa
s
We do with devotion deep and true
a
a) Who does ‘we’ refer to? HY - 2018
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
P
.. P
‘We’ refer to human beings (virtuous people)
ww ww P
..P
wwww wwww
b) How should we carryout our duties? HY - 2018
We should carryout our duties with devotion deep and true.
2. Defeat we repel, courage our fort:
a) How do we react to defeat? Aug - 2022 Mar 2023
et
e t We hate to face the defeat. eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
b) Which is considered as our stronghold? Aug - 2022 Mar 2023
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa saa
s
Courage is considered as our strong hold.
aa as
asaa
et
3.
aadd
We are proud of the position we hold;
PP P Padd
a
humble as we are,
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
a) What is the speaker proud of? HY - 2018
The speaker is proud of the position he holds.
b) How is the speaker both humble and proud?
ai
He is happy with his position.
eet t eet t
c) Pick out the alliteration in these lines. HY - 2019
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
Proud, position; hold, humble
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa 4.
s aa
s
He, who does not stoop, is a king we adore.
a a a s
a aa
s
as
P Paadd
We bow before competence and merit.
P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
a) Who is adored as a king? June 2019 / Whom do we adore? March 20
wwww wwww
We adore as a king who does not sacrifice his virtues or dignity for success.
ad
ee t ee t
The ability to do something efficiently and the quality of being good are valued and respected
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
d) Pick out the alliterated words in the second line June 2019
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
bow - before
w
a s
a s
5. Honour is a property, common to all:
dd a
dd s
a s
P aa
In dignity and pride no one need to be poor.
.. P P
.. Paa
w
w
w
a) Who are considered rich? Sep 2020
ww
wwww wwww
Those who have honour, dignity and pride are considered rich
w
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
7.
.N We are proud and feel so tall
l a
l i
a .iN
A life that knows no kneeling and bending
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aadd s
a aa
s
a) What kind of a life, does the poet talk about? GMQ
a
A life that knows no kneeling and bending
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
P
.. P
b) Pick out the alliterated words GMQ
ww ww P
..P
wwww
knows - kneeling
FIGURE OF SPEECH
wwww
S.NO Poetic lines Figure of speech
et
e t1.
t t
He, who does not stoop, is a king we adore
ee Metaphor
lalai.iN
.N 2.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Honour is a property common to all
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Metaphor
assaa aa aa
3. We bow before competence and merit Metaphor
aass as
as
et
4.
PP add P Padd
The ones that are true and stand on their feet
a a
Metaphor
ww.. w
w ..
Are really the ladder for the rise of man
wwww wwww
.N
ALLITERATION
1. ‘We do with devotion deep and true’
Do – devotion - deep
ai
2. ‘We are proud of the position we hold'
eet t
Proud – position
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
3..N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
‘A life that knows no kneeling and bending’
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa s aa
Knows – kneeling
a a s a a s
as
4.
aadd
‘We deem it our duty and mission in life
P P P Paadd
Deem – duty
w
w .. ww..
wwww
Rhyming words and Rhyming scheme in the 1st stanza
wwww
ad
ee
(or)t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
2. The poem does not focus on the destination but the journey towards it - Discuss.
assaa aa aa
3. What are the qualities the speaker wishes to nourish and what is his mission in the
w
a s
a s a s
a s
poem, "Everest is not the only peak"? HY 2018, June 2019, Sep 2020, May 2022
dd dd
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
Poet Kulothungan
Theme Strength to design destiny
eet t eet t
The poet Kulothungan says that we should do our work with full determination and honest in our
l a
l i
a .iN
.N activity/duty
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa dd s
a aa
s
“We do with devotion deep and true”
a ddaassaa
The poet wishes to nourish the quality of doing his work with full dedication and never give it up.
aa aa
w P
..P ww P
.. P
“Never shall we fail in what we commit, Shall nourish the ones that nourish the world”
w
wwww wwww
Poet says that we should not depend on others but stand on our own legs. That is the ladder for the
man to reach the highest position in life.
176
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
“The ones that are true and stand on their own are really the ladder for the rise of man”
.N
The poet Kulothungan advises us to be happy. There is some work for everyone to do in this world.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Paragraph for Average students:
aass as
as
et
Poem
PPaadd Everest is not the only peak
P Padd
a
Poet ww.. Kulothungan w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
Theme Strength to design destiny
The poet advises his readers to be always proud and to stand tall. Success cannot be measured with
ai
the size of achievement, but by the path taken to achieve it. The poet ask mankind to stand tall with a
eet t e et t
sincere, honest and dignified life. It is not possible to mount the summit of Everest for everyone. So learn
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l ai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
to appreciate and honour the efforts taken to reach the summit even if it is a hillock. Man should move
assaa aa aa
away from failures and take the next step to success with courage. Never bow down to power or for
a as s a s
a s
as
success.
P P aadd P Paadd
favours. Fight with dignity for your rights. Respect and honour others. Efforts are more important than
Bigw
w
or . . our achievements don't define our personalityww. .
small
wwww wwww
ad
ee t
Poet Kulothungan
e e t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i.iN
.N
The poet advises his readers to be always proud and to stand tall. The poet says never estimate others
l a
assaa aa aa
w
dd aa s s a
dd s
with their success. Respect competence and merit. He says not to stoop to grasp success. Stand
a s
proud and feel tall. Be bold even when we fail. Don't bow for favours. Respect and honour others.
P Pa a P Paa
Effects are more important than success. Fight with dignity for your rights. He advises mankind to
.. ..
w
w
w
stand tall with a sincere, honest and dignified life.
w
w
wwww Mysterious qualities leaves an awe in the minds.
wwww
w
e t t e t
In dignity and pride no one need to be poor
e e t
l a
l i
a .iN
.NReference:
lal i
a
Poem : Everest is not the only peak.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Poet : Kulothungan
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Context : The poet says that honour is an asset
add
a aassaa
w P
..P ww P
.. P
Explanation : The poet tells honour is our property. It is common to all. A life of truth and dignity
w
wwww wwww
is our property. If we follow the path of nobility and pride, we are not poor.
177
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
2)
.N l a
l i
a .iN
We deem it our duty and mission in life
.N
To bless and praise the deserving ones HY 2019
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Reference:
a
dd s
a aa
s
Poem : Everest is not the only peak
aa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Poet P
.. P
: Kulothungan
ww ww P
..P
wwww wwww
Context : Here the poet talks about the determination
Explanation : We should consider it as our duty and aim in life to bless and praise the deserving
ones.
3) Every hillock has a summit to boast! June 2019
Reference:
et
e t
Poem : Everest is not the only peak eet t
lalai.iN
.N Poet : Kulothungan
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Context : The poet advises his readers to be always proud and to stand tall
aass as
as
et
Explanation :
Paadd P Padd
a
Mount Everest is not the only peak which is high. Every small hill has the highest point of which we
P
ww.. w
w ..
can speak with pride. We should feel proud and high of ourselves, though our good qualities are few.
wwww wwww
.N
4) Our pride springs from the way we live Aug 2022
Reference:
Poem : Everest is not the only peak
ai
Poet : Kulothungan
eet t
Explanation :
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The poet says we are proud of the positions we hold. We are always humble. Our pride arises from
assaa aa aa
the way we live. It is our duty to bless and praise the deserving ones.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P P add
E.R.C for slow learners:-
a P P aadd
F¿¥ò:
ww . . ia vGjî«
“Everest is not the only peak” poem
¤âš ïUªJ vªj
w ..
tÇfŸ
w poetic
bfhL¤jhY«
wwwÑnH
w bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs
ÑnH bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs ERC .
wwwïU¡F«).
w
ad
ee tContext:-
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Poem
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Everest is not the only peak
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
Poet
a
dd s
a s
Kulothungan
a
dd s
a s
Explanation:-
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
w
w ww
The poet advises his readers to be always proud and to stand tall. Success cannot be
wwww wwww
measured with size of achievement, but by the path taken to achieve it. So the poet asks
w
mankind to stand tall with a sincere, honest and dignified life. Respect and honour others.
Efforts are more important than success.
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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ww
fhjš thœÉY« w
, w
ïir MáÇaÇ‹ thœÉš
âUkz thœÉY« mDgɤj fr¥ghd mDgt§fis¥w
J‹g§fis ïirÆ‹ _y« flªJ br‹wij
ww w
g‰¿
És¡F»wJ.
İbknlh°
j‹
Ús
fî‹ cilíl‹ ifÆš á¿a F¢áíl‹ (ïir Û£l cjî« F¢á (ng£l‹) ) ïirÆ‹_y« g»®ªJ
bfhŸ»wh®. thœ¡ifÆš FL«g¤ij btW¤j ïtÇ‹ fijia ÉÇthf¡ fh©ngh«.
et
e t ENGLISH
eet t jĜ
lalai.iN
.N a a.
Now, read the story 'The Singing Lesson'
l l N
“ïir¥ ighl«”
i . Nv‹w ï¡fijÆš xU ïir MáÇaÇ‹
l a
l i
a .
i N
. N
assaa aa Ãahak‰w KiwÆdhš kd mikâÆHªJ mtË‹a a
a ss
in which the attitude of an aggrieved music
kdÃiyahdJ
a a s
a s
et
with her moods.
PPaaddthá¥ngh«.
teacher undergoes a drastic change in keeping
kdÃiy¡nf‰g
P P dd
v›thW fLikahf kh‰w¤â‰FŸsh»wJ v‹gij
a a
ww.. e«ã¡ifa‰W - ïja¤â‹ MH« w
With despair- cold, sharp despair - buried w . .br‹W òijªJ
wwww wwbršÉ,
tiu
.N
deep in her heart like a wicked knife, Miss
ww
»l¡F« nkhrkhd f¤âia¥ ngh‹W,
Meadows, in cap and gown and carrying a
Ú©l js® cil k‰W« bjh¥ã mªjtshŒ, ifÆš ïir¡FG¤
, (Miss Meadows)
little baton, told the cold corridors that led jiyt® ïiria tÊel¤j¡ Toa áW bkšÈa F¢áia¤ ö¡»¡
ai
to the music hall. Girls of all ages, rosy from bfh©L, ïir f‰ã¡f¡ Toa Tl¤â‰F¢ bršY« FËuhd eil¡
eet t
the air, and bubbling over with that gleeful
eet t
Tl¤â‹ tÊahf elªjhŸ. gšntW taJila áWÄfŸ gugu¥ghd
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
excitement that comes from running to school
a
on a fine autumn morning, hurried, skipped,
.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
k»œ¢áahd NHÈš tskhd thŒ¥òfSila kdÃiyíl‹ ïjkhd
assaa aa aa
ïiyíâ®fhy¤â‹ xU fhiy ntisÆš gŸË¡F tU« ÃiyÆš
a s
a s
fluttered by; from the hollow classrooms came
a s
a s
ÉiuªJ«, Fâ¤J¤ jhÉí«, glgl¥òlD« flªJ br‹wh®fŸ,
as
aadd
a quick drumming of voices; a bell rang; a
P P aadd
jhœthd tF¥giwfËÈUªJ KuR ngh‹w FubyhÈfŸ nf£ld;
P P
w
w ..
voice like a bird cried, "Muriel." And then there
ww..
k mo¤jJ; gwitÆ‹ Fuiybah¤j xU FuyhdJ ‘ÛôÇaš'
wwww wwww
came from the staircase a tremendous knock- v‹W r¥jkhf xȤjJ.
ad
knock-knocking. Someone had dropped her khoÆÈUªJ jlhby‹w xU khbgU« r¥j« tªjJ. ahnuh
dumbbells. jirfis tY¥gL¤j¥ ga‹gL¤J« ïUòwK« rk vilíŸs
The Science Mistress stopped Miss cl‰gƉᡠfUÉia eGt É£oUªjd®.
Meadows.
t t
.P
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a.iN
"Good morning," she cried, in her sweet,
i .N
affected drawl. "Isn't cold? It mightbewinter."
l a
l a.iN
.N
mtŸ j‹Dila ïÅikahd FuÈš bkšy ïG¤J¥ ngRtJ
i
nghy “fhiy tz¡f«” v‹W f¤âdhŸ. “fL« FËuhf ïšiyah?
assaa aa aa
w
dd s
a s
Miss Meadows, hugging the knife, stared in
a
hatred at the Science Mistress. Everything a
dd s
a s
ïJ FË®fhykhf ïU¡F«” v‹whŸ. bršÉ bknlh°, Jau¤ij
miz¤J¡bfh©L, m¿Éaš MáÇia btW¥òz®¢áíl‹
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
about her was sweet, pale, like honey. You bt¿¡f¥ gh®¤jhŸ. mtsJ bghU¤j tiuÆš všyhnk njid¥
w
w
would not have been surprised to see a bee ww
ngh‹W ïÅikahdJ, btË¿a ÃwKilaJ. á¡fyhd KW¡»a
wwww
caught in the tangles of that yellow hair
wwww
mtsJ kŠrŸ Ãw KoÆš njÜ Tl á¡»¡ bfhŸtij Ú§fŸ ahU«
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
"You look frozen," said she. Her blue eyes
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
“ïW¡fkhd ÃiyÆš fhz¥gL»Ö®fŸ”. v‹W mtŸ T¿dhŸ.
assaa aa aa
opened wide; there came a mocking light in
a
dd
them. (Had she noticed anything?)s
a s ddaas
mtSila Úy Ãw¡ f©fŸ mfy¤âwªjd; mâÈUªJ nfÈ
s
brŒ»‹w xU xË bj‹g£lJ. (mtŸ vijnah f©LÉ£lhnsh?)
P
..Paa
"Oh, not quite as bad as that," said Miss
P Paa
“X m›tsî nkhrkhf ïšiy” v‹whŸ İ bknlh°; gâY¡F
..
ww
Meadows, and she gave the Science Mistress,
ww
m¿Éaš MáÇiaÆl«, mtsJ ò‹dif¡fhf, btW¥ig¤ j‹
wwww
in exchange for her smile, a quick grimace and
passed on. wwww
Kf¤âš fh£oÉ£L¡ flªJ br‹whŸ.
179
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l a
in the music hall. The noise was deafening. .iN
Forms Four, Five, and Six were assembled
i .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
tF¥ò¥ goÃiy eh‹F, IªJ k‰W« MW ïir gÆY«
assaa aa aa
mu§f¤âš ToÆUªjd. brÉfis¥ ãs¡F« msî¡F¢ r¥jkhf
a
dd s
a s
On the platform, by the piano, stood Mary
a s
a s
ïUªjJ. nkilÆš ãahndhî¡fU»š, nkÇ bg°Ì, İ bknlhÌ‹,
dd
P
.. Paa
Beazley, Miss Meadowsʹ favourite, who
played accompaniments. She was turning the P
..Paa
ã‹dÂÆir thá¡»‹w bršy¥ ãŸis ËW bfh©oUªjhŸ.
ww w
mtŸ İ bknlhi[¡ f©lîl‹ mikâahŒ ïU¡F«go
w
wwww
music stool. When she saw Miss Meadows she
gave a loud, warning "Sh-sh! Girls!" and Miss wwww
v¢rÇ¡if¡ FubyG¥ãdhŸ. İ bknlh° j‹ iffis r£il¡
iffS¡FŸ kiw¤J¡ bfh©L« ïir¡FGit tÊ el¤J»‹w
Meadows, her hands thrust in her sleeves, the F¢áia j‹ m¡FŸ gFâÆš ïL¡»¡ bfh©L«, eLntíŸs
baton under her arm, strode down the centre eh‰fhÈ tÇir¥ gFâfS¡»ilnaahd tÊÆš elªJ, gofËny¿,
et
e t
aisle, mounted the steps, turned sharply, seized
eet t âObud¤ âU«ã, bt©fy ïir¤ jh§»ia ïG¤J mtŸ K‹dhš
lalai.iN
.N l a
l a
and gave two sharp taps with her baton for.iN
.N
the brass music stand, planted it in front of her,
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
ÃW¤â, mikâahŒ ïU¡F« go jdJ ifÆYŸs bkšÈa F¢áahš
assaa aa aa
ïUKiw fLikahf¤ j£odhŸ. “mikâ , jaîbrŒJ! cldoahf!”
aass
silence. "Silence, please! Immediately!" and,
as
as
v‹W« ahiuí« F¿¥ã£L¥ gh®¡fhkš, flš ngh‹w ~¥shdš
et
aadd
looking at nobody, her glance swept over that
PP add
a
ÓUilaªJ miyngh‹W mir¡»‹w átªj Kf§fŸ k‰W«
P P
w..
sea of coloured flannel blouses, with bobbing
w w ..
iffŸ, jiyfËš g£lh«ó¢á jiyaÂfŸ mªJ ïir¥
w
wwww wwww
.N
pink faces and hands, quivering butterfly hair- ò¤jf§fis âwªJ ÉǤJ it¤J¡ bfh©L Ëw FHªijfis
bows, and music-books outspread. She knew nknyh£lkhf gh®¤jhŸ. mt®fŸ v‹d Ãid¤J¡ bfh©oU¡»wh®fŸ
perfectly well what they were thinking. "Meady v‹W mtS¡F KGikahf¤ bjÇí«. “ïiraháÇia nfhgKl‹
ai
is in a wax." Well, let them think it! Her eyelids ïU¡»whŸ.” e‹W, mt®fŸ m¥gona Ãid¡f£L«; mtŸ f©fŸ
eet t
quivered; she tossed her head, defying them.
eet t
glglbtd¤ Jo¤jd; mt®fS¡F¢ rthyhf¤ j‹ jiyia¤
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
What could the thoughts of those creatures
l a
l
matter to someone who stood there bleeding i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
âU¥ãdhŸ. ïja¤ij CLUÉ¡ F¤âa ï›thwhd xU foj¤âdhš
assaa aa aa
ïu¤j« fáªJ ïwªJ bfh©oU¡»‹w xUtU¡F ï›îÆÇd§fshš
aas s
to death, pierced to the heart, by such a letter v‹d brŒJÉl Koí«.
a s
a s
as
—
P Paadd “ekJ âUkzkhdJ jtwhdjh» ÉL« v‹WP Paad d
w
w ..
— "I feel more and more strongly that
ww .v‹gj‰fhf
.
nkY« nkY« eh‹
wwww
our marriage would be a mistake. Not that
cz®»nw‹”. eh‹ c‹id
ww ww
neá¡fÉšiy ïšiy.
ad
e t
that I am not a marrying man, and the idea of
e ee t
É£nl‹, k‰W« âUkzkh» brsfÇakhf ïU¡f nt©L« v‹gJ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
settling down fills me with nothing but—" and
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
x‹WÄšiy”-k‰W« “V‰fKoahjbj‹W” v‹w mªj¢brhš nyrhf
assaa aa aa
the word "disgust" was scratched out lightly mo¡f¥g£L “tUªj¤j¡fJ” v‹w mj‹ nknyna vGj¥g£oUªjJ.
w
aa
and "regret" written over the top.s s a
dd gháš! v‹W İ bknlh° ãahndhî¡F¥PPã‹aadbr‹whŸ.
d s
a s
P
.. Paa
Basil! Miss Meadows stalked over to the
. .f‹d§fËš
w
w
w
piano. And Mary Beazley, who was waiting
ww
nkY« ïªj neu¤â‰fhf¡ fh¤J¡ bfh©oUªj nkÇ ãns°È,
wwww
for this moment, bent forward; her curls fell
K‹g¡f« FŪJ; mtSila
w
RUŸ
w ww
ngh‹w Ko jtH
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
ritual of the flower had been gone through
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
bjhl§Ftj‹ xU gFâahf ïUªjJ. Mdhš ï‹W fhiyÆnyh,
assaa aa aa
for ages and ages, quite a term and a half. It mij V‰W¡ bfhŸshkš, mij¤ j‹ ïil¥g£ilÆš brhU»¡
a
dd s
a s
was as much part of the lesson as opening the
ddaass
bfhŸshkš, tH¡fkhf nkÇia neh¡» FŪJ brhšthŸ, “e‹¿,
..Paa
piano. But this morning, instead of taking it
P nkÇ.
P
.. Paa
ww
up, instead of tucking it into her belt while she
ww
wwww
leant over Mary and said, "Thank you, Mary.
wwww
180
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
How very nice! Turn to page thirty-two,"
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
v›tsî e‹whf ïU¡»wJ! g¡f« K¥g¤âÆu©il¤
assaa aa aa
what was Mary's horror when Miss Meadows âU¥ò§fŸ”. nkÇíila ga« v‹dbt‹whš, İ bknlh° rhkªâ¥
a
dd s
a s
totally ignored the chrysanthemum, made no
a
dd s
a s
ó tH§»a nghJ K‰¿Ykhf f©LbfhŸsÉšiy jÉ®¤J É£lhŸ,
.. Paa
reply to her greeting, but said in a voice of ice,
P P
..Paa
mtSila th®¤ij¡F¥ gâyË¡fÉšiy. Mdhš gÅ¡f£o
ww
"Page fourteen, please, and mark the accents
ww
wwww wwww
ngh‹w FuÈš, “g¡f« gâdh‹F, jaîbrŒJ c¢rÇ¥ig e‹whf¡
well."
F¿¤J¡bfhŸS§fŸ” v‹W T¿dhŸ.
Staggering moment! Mary blushed until jLkh‰wkhd neu«! f©fŸ fy§» Éf nkÇ Kf« átªjhŸ.
the tears stood in her eyes, but Miss Meadows Mdhš İ bknlh° ïir¤ jh§»ÆdU»š br‹WÉ£lhŸ;
et
e t
was gone back to the music stand; her voice
eet t mtSila Fuš ïir mu§f« KGtJ« vâbuhȤjJ. “g¡f«
lalai.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
rang through the music hall. "Page fourteen.
i .N
We will begin with page fourteen. 'A Lament.'
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
gâdh‹F, g¡f« gâdh‹»š bjhl§Fnth«, ‘xU ïu§f‰gh',
assaa saa
s ssaa
ï¥bghGJ, áWÄanu, ïij Ú§fŸ bjǪJ bfh©oU¡f nt©L«.
aa
Now, girls, you ought to know it by this time.
aa
et
aadd
We shall take it all together; not in parts, all
PP P Padd
všyhU« nr®ªJ ïij¥ ghLnth«; jÅ¡ FG¡fËš mšy, všnyhU«
a
w ..
together. And without expression. Sing it,
w w
w ..
nr®ªJ vªjbthU cz®ití« btË¥gL¤jhkš, c§fŸ ïlJ
wwww wwww
.N
though, quite simply, beating time with the ifahš fhy msit¤ j£o¡ bfh©L, MdhY« Äf vËikahf¥
left hand." ghL§fŸ”.
She raised the baton; she tapped the bkšy F¢áia ca®¤â; ïir¤ jh§»ia ïUKiw j£odhŸ.
ai
music stand twice. Down came Mary on the nkÇí« bjhl¡f x¤âir¢ Ru§fis ïir¡f, mt®fSila ïlJ
eet t
opening chord; down came all those left
eet t iffŸ ÑnHtu, fh‰¿yir¤J¡bfh©L, xnu FuyhŒ mªj ïsikahd
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
hands, beating the air, and in chimed those
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
nrhf¡ FušfŸ xȤjd:- “ntfkhf! M, Äfî« ntfkhf k»œ¢áÆ‹
assaa aa aa
young, mournful voices:- "Fast! Ah, too Fast
a s
a s s s
nuh#h¡fŸ thL»‹wd; ÉiuÉnyna ïiyíâ®fhy« rÈ¥ghd
a a
as
Fade the Ro-o-ses of Pleasure; Soon Autumn
P aadd
yields unto Wi-i-nter Drear. Fleetly! Ah, Fleetly
P aadd
FË®fhy¤â‰F tÊÉL»wJ. T£lkhf! m T£lkhf ïirÆ‹ <®¥ò
P P
w
w ..
Mu-u-sic's Gay Measure Passes away from the
ww..
msî nf£F« fhJfËÈUªJ flªJ brš»wJ.”
Listening Ear."
wwww wwww
ad
ee t
Meadows lifted her arms in the wide gown
ee t jdJ mf©l nky§»nahL İ bknlh° j‹ iffis ca®¤âdhŸ,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
and began conducting with both hands. "—I
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
k‰Wk jdJ ïU iffËdhY« tÊel¤j¤ bjhl»dhŸ. “ekJ
assaa aa aa
âUkz« jtwhdjh»ÉL« v‹W eh‹ nk‹nkY« cz®»nw‹”
w
dd s
a s
feel more and more strongly that our marriage
a
would be a mistake —" she beat. And the a s
a s
mtŸ j£odhŸ. všyh¡ FušfSnk xȤjd; “T£lkhf! M
dd
P
.. Paa P Paa
T£lkhf”. ïªj khâÇahd foj¤ij vGJtj‰F mt‹ kdâš
..
w
nothing. His last letter had been all about a ‘v§fSila' ò¤jf§fis it¥gj‰fhf òifí£l¥g£l X¡
fumed-oak bookcase he had bought for "our" ku¤jhyhd ò¤jf mykhÇia¥ g‰¿ašyhkš T¿ÆUªjh‹ k‰W«
books, and a "natty little hall-stand" he had
eet t
seen, "a very neat affair with a carved owl eet t Tl¤âš it¡f¡ Toa xU á¿a ne®¤âahd, mt‹ gh®¤âUªj
l a
l i
a .iN
.N la i
a.iN
.N
on a bracket, holding three hat-brushes in its
l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
jh§» x‹iw, xU öŒikahd ntiy¥ghLila Mªij cUt«
assaa aa aa
mj‹ nk‰òu¤âÈU¡f, mj‹ fhšfËÈU¡»‹w ef§fËš _‹W
dd s
a s
claws." How she had smiled at that! So like a
a
man to think one needed three hat- brushes!
ddaas
bjh¥ã¤ öÇiffŸ.s
P
..Paa
"From the Listening Ear," sang the voices. P
.. Paa
ww ww
wwww wwww
181
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
"Once again," said Miss Meadows. “But
l a
l i
a .iN
this time in parts. Still without expression".N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
kp!; bknlh!; ``kPz;Lk; xU Kiw~~ vd;W Twpdhh; ``Mdhy;
assaa aa aa
,g;nghJ gFjpgFjpahf ,d;Dk; KfghL VJk; ,y;yhky;.~~
a s s
“Fast! Ah, too Fast.” With the gloom of the
dd a a s
a s
``ntfkhf ... kpf ntfkhfnth kdr;nrhh;t[ld; jhH;e;j bgz;Fuypy;
dd
.. Paa
contraltos added, one could scarcely help
P
shuddering. “Fade the Roses of Pleasure.” P aa
nrh;j;J ntfkhf ghl cw;rhf@l;l ,ayhj epiyapy; ``nuh$hit
..P
ww ww
,dpik FiwfpwJ~~ brd;w Kiw ngrpy; bkny ghh;f;f te;jnghJ
wwww wwww
Last time he had come to see her, Basil
had worn a rose in his buttonhole. How
xU nuh$h g{it jdJ nkh; bghj;jhd; Jisapy; mzpe;jpUe;jhd;.
handsome he had looked in that bright blue mg;nghJ ePy epw cilapy; mlh;e;j rptg;g[ nuh$ht[ld; vt;tst[
suit, with that dark red rose! And he knew MHfhf bjhpe;jhd;. mtDf;F bjhpe;jpUe;jJ. mij bjhptpf;f
it, too. He couldn’t help knowing it. First cjtt[k; Mdhy; ,aytpy;iy. Kjypy; jdJ Koia nfhjpdhd; jd;
et
e t
he stroked his hair, then his mustache; his
e et t
kPiriaj; jltpdhd;. mtd; rphpf;Fk;nghJ gpufhrpj;jhd;
lalai.iN
.N
teeth gleamed when he smiled.
l a
l i
a .
iN. N l a
l i
a .
i N
. N
assaa aa hpahpd; kidtp ,ut[ cztpw;F te;J kPazame;s;Lsk;jaa
"The headmaster’s wife keeps on asking me
a s
kPa s
``jiyikahrp
et
P aadd,lj;jpy; ,J xU ey;y khiyntis vdf;F ,=;
to dinner. It’s a perfect nuisance. I never get
z
an evening to myself in that place."
P P P ddiy~~.
;Lk; miHf;fpwhh;. ,J vdf;F bjhy;iyahf ,Uf;fpwJ.
Faa
,y;
ww.. ww . . y;iyah> ``vd;
wwww wwnrh;f;fhJ~~ vd;W ng!py;
“But can’t you refuse?”
.N
``Mdhy; mij cd; d hy; kWf; f ,aytp
epiyapy; cs;s xU kdpjDf;Fw
“Oh, well, it doesn’t do for a man in my
w
mJ
position to be unpopular.” Twpdhd;.
ai
“Music’s Gay Measure,” wailed the voices. ``,irapd; rpwg;g[ mstPL~~ rpy Fuy;fs; xypj;jd FWfpa
eet t
The willow trees, outside the high, narrow
t t
$d;dy;fs; tHpna btspna tpy;nyh ku=;fs; X=;fp cah;e;J
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
windows, waved in the wind. They had lost
.N al
half their leaves. The tiny ones that clung
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
tpy;nyh ku=;fs; fhw;Wf;F MLtJ bjhpe;jJ. mtw;wpd; ghjp
,iyfs; cjph;e;Jtpl;ld. g[jpa rpwpa ,iyfs;/ J}z;oypy; rpf;fpa
assaa s s aa ssaa
wriggled like fishes caught on a line. “— I kPd;fs; nghy; bjh=;fpf; bfhz;oUe;jd. ``ehd; jpUkzk; Md
a a aa
as
silent; the piano waited.
P Paadd
am not a marrying man ” The voices were
P P add
kdpjd; my;y~~. Fuy;fs; mikjpahapd. gpahndh fhj;jpUe;jJ.
a
w
w ..
“Quite good,” said Miss Meadows, but still in ww .Twp. dhs;. Mdhy;
wwww www w Fuypy; Twpajhy;
``kpf ed;W~~ vd;W kp!; bknlh!;
ad
ee t e
can put into it. Think of the words, girls. Use
e t
ftdpj;Jg; ghL=;fs; bgz;fns- c=;fsJ fw;gidfis
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
your imaginations.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N gad;gLj;J=;fs;.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
“Fast! Ah, too Fast,” cried Miss Meadows.
a s
; “That ought to break out - a loud, strong a
dd s
a s
``ntknkh... ntfk; ... kpft[k; ntfkhf~~ vd;W kp!; bknlh!;
Tr;rypl;lhs;. ``,d;Dk; @h;f;fj;jdkhf Kaw;rpf;f ntz;Lk;.
P
.. Paa
forte - a lament. And then in the second; line,
P
.. Paa
rj;jkhf/ gykhd rpwg;ghd Fuypy; `xU g[yk;gy;~ ,uz;lhtJ
w
w
w
'Winter Drear,’ make that ‘Drear’ sound as if ww
thpapy; `nkhrkhd Fsph;fhyk;~ `Dear~ vd;w thh;j;ijia
wwww
a cold wind were blowing through it. ‘Dre-
wwww
Fspu; fhw;iwg;nghynt Cjpf;bfhz;nl ghlntz;Lk;. `Dear~
w
ear!” said she so awfully that Mary Beazley, vd;W kPz;Lk; kpft[k; nrhrkhf kpft[k; gykhf cr;rhpj;jhs;
on the music stool, wriggled her spine. The
kp!; bknlh!;. ,irg; gyifapy; mkh;e;jpUe;j nkhp gP!;ny
third line should be one crescendo. ‘Fleetly!
,ijf;fz;lJk; rw;W tise;jhs;/ bjspe;jhs;/ bespe;jhs;.
eet t
Ah, Fleetly Music’s Gay Measure.’ Breaking
eet t``@d;whtJ thp cr;rj;jpy; ghlntz;oa thp. `xUikg;ghlhdJ...
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a i.iN
.N
on the first word of the last line, ’Passes.’
l l a l a
l i
a .iN
M... xUg;ghlhdJ... ,irapd; rpwg;g[ mstPL~ filrp thpapd;
.N
Kjy; thh;j;ij `njh;r;rpfs;~ mg;nghJ epWj;j ntz;Lk; gpwF
assaa s aa s aa
And then on the word, ‘Away,’ you must `mg;ghy;~ vd;w thh;j;ijia cr;rhpf;f ntz;Lk; gpwF bfh+;rk;
a
dd a s
begin to die - to fade - until The Listening
ddaa s
bfh+;rkhf rhf ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ xypia Fiwf;f ntz;Lk;.
P
..Paa
Ear’ is nothing more than a faint whisper
P aa
fhjpy; fpRfpRg;gJnghy; `ftdpf;Fk; fhJ~ tiu ,t;thW bra;a
.. P
ww
— You can slow down as much as you like ww
ntz;Lk;. filrp thpia ghLk;nghJ c=;fshy; vt;tst[
wwww
almost on the last line. Now, please.”
wwww
Koa[nkh mt;tst[ bkJthf ghl ntz;Lk;. ,g;nghJ jat[bra;J
ghL=;fs;.
182
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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wwww wwww
ww
www.Padasalai.Net
ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a
again. “Fast! Ah, too Fast.” —and the idea .iN
Again the two light taps; she lifted her arms
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
kPz;Lk; ,UKiw ,irf; nfhypid bkJthfj; jl;o/ mtsJ
assaa aa aa
iffis cah;j;jp ``ntfnkh ntfk;... kpf ntfk;~~. thH;f;ifia
a s s
of settling down fills me with nothing but
dd a a s
a s
ed;F mikj;Jf;bfhs;s ntz;Lk; vd;w vdJ vz;zk;
dd
.. Paa
disgust—" Disgust was what he had written.
P
That was as good as to say their engagement P aa
ntbwJt[k; ,y;iy tpuf;jpahy; kl;Lnk epug;gg; gl;oUf;fpwJ.
..P
ww ww
`tuf;jp~ vd;gJ mtd; vGjpa thhj;ijjhd;. mtd; mij Kd;dnu
wwww wwww
was definitely broken off. Broken off. Their
engagement! People had been surprised brhy;ypapoUe;jhy; mth;fsJ epr;rajhh;j;jk; xU Kot[f;F
enough that she had got engaged. The te;jpUf;Fk;- mth;fsJ epr;rajhh;j;jk;... kf;fs; midtUk;
Science mtSf;F (kp!; bknlh!;) epr;rajhh;j;jk; Mfg;nghfpwJ
Mistress would not believe it at first. But vd;wt[ld; kpft[k; Mr;rhpak; mile;jhh;j;jk; mwptpay; Mrphpia
et
e t
nobody had been as surprised as she. She
eet tKjypy; mij ek;gtpy;iy Mdhy; mtisg; (kp!; bknlh!;)
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
was thirty. Basil was twenty-five. It had
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
nghy Mr;rhpak; mile;jth;fs; ahUk; ,Uf;f KoahJ. me;j
assaa aa aa
been a miracle, simply a miracle, to hear mst[ mtns Mr;rhpakile;jhs; mtSf;F taJ Kg;gJ.
aass
him say, as they walked home from church
as
as
et
ngrpYf;F ,Ugj;ije;Jjhd;. mJ tprak;jhd;. njthyaj;jpUe;J
aadd
that very dark night, “You know, somehow
PP P add
a
mth;fs; btspna tUfpwnghJ me;j ,ut[ ntisapy; mtd;
P
w..
or other, I’ve got fond of you." And he had
w w
w ..
brhd;dJ/ ``cdf;Fj; bjhpa[kh vg;gonah cd; kPJ ehd; ghrk;
wwww wwww
.N
taken hold of the end of her ostrich feather
bfhz;Ltpl;nld;~~ mtd; M!;l;hpr; gwitapd; ,wFfshy;
boa. “Passes away from the Listening Ear.”
"Repeat! Repeat!” said Miss Meadows.
bra;ag;gl;l mtsJ Jg;gl;lhtpd; Edpia gpoj;Jf;bfhz;L
,t;thW brhd;dhd;. ``ftdpf;Fk; fhJfis fle;J brd;WtpL~~
ai
"More expression, girls! Once more!”
``kPz;Lk; ghL=;fs;- kPz;Lk; ghL=;fs;~~ vd;whs; kp!; bknlh!;.
eet t eet t
``,d;Dk; czh;t[g{h;tkhf ghL=;fs; bgz;fns- kPz;Lk; xU
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N Kiw ghL=;fs;.~~
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
"Fast! Ah. too Fast.” The older girls were
a s
a s s s
``ntfnkh ntfk;-... kpf ntfkhf~~ bghpa khztpfspd;
a a
as
P aadd
crimson; some of the younger ones began
to cry. Big spots of rain blew against the
P P P add
Kfk; rpte;J. rpy rpwpa khztpfs; mHj; bjhl=;fpdhh;. bghpa
a
w
w ..
windows and one could hear the willows
ww..
kiHj; Jspfs; $d;dy;fspd; nkhjpaJ. ``,y;iy/ ehd; cd;id
wwww wwww
whispering, " __ not that I do not love
nerpf;ftpy;iy~~ vd;W tpy;nyh ku=;fs; KdFtij xUtuhy;
ad
you—"
nfl;fKoe;jJ.
"But, my darling, if you love me,” thought ``Mdhy; md;ng eP vd;id nerpj;jhy;/ ``kp!; bknlh!;
Miss Meadows, “I don't mind how much it epidj;jhs;/ `vt;tst[ vd;gijg; gw;wp ehd; ftiyg; gltpy;iy/
t t
.P
e t
is. Love me as little as you like.” But she
e ee t
cdf;Fg; gpoj;j rpwpjsthtJ nerp.~~ Mdhy; mtSf;Fj; bjhpa[k;
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
knew he didn't love her. Not to have cared
l a
l i
a
enough scratch out that word “disgust,” so.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
mtd; mtis nerpf;ftpy;iy/ `tpuf;jp~ vd;w thh;j;ijia
assaa aa aa
w
"Soon Autumn yields unto Winter Drear.” ``tpiutpy; ,iya[jph; fhyk; nkhrkhd Fsph;fhykhf khWk;~~
w
w
She would have to leave the school, too, ww
wwww wwww
mts; gs;spia tpl;L bry;yt[k; nehpLk;/ mJ bjhpe;J tpl;lhy;
She could never face the Science Mistress
w
e t t
whisper - to vanish
e e et t
brj;Jf; bfhz;oUe;jd Fiwe;J... Fiwe;J... fpRfpRg;ghfp... gpd;
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.NâwªjJ. Úy Ãw cil mªj xU áW bg© lalai.iN
Suddenly the door opened. A little girl in
âObu‹W fjî
kiwe;JnghdJ.
.N
assaa aa a s saaeil ghijÆš jiyia jhœ¤âago jdJ cjLfis
blue walked fussily up the hanging her head,
a
mu§»‹
ddâU»agona gugu¥ghf elªJ tU»whŸ. mtŸ P
biting her lips, and twisting the silver bangle
fo¤jgo mtsJ átªj iffËš ïUªj btŸË
aa aa
dV¿,
d İs
tisaiy
saa
P
..P
on her red little wrist. She came up the steps
ww ww .. P
gofËš
wwww wwww
and stood before Miss Meadows. bknlhá‹ K‹ò É»whŸ.
183
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N "Well, Monica, what is it?"
l a
l i
a .iN
"Oh, if you please, Miss Meadows," said .N v‹d nkhÅfh, v‹d mJ?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
c§fS¡F Koí«dh, ï¥g, İ ta£ c§fis mtnuhl
a
dd s
a s
the little girl, gasping, "Miss Wyatt wants to
a s
a s
miw¡F tªJ gh®¡f nt©L« vd brhšÈÆU¡fh§f. miwÆš
dd
P
.. Paa
see you in the mistress's room."
"Very well," said Miss Meadows. And she P
..Paa
it¤J gh®¡f nt©Lbk‹W ÉU«ò»wh®fŸ.
ww w
ešyJ v‹»wh® İ bknlh°. İ bknlh° bg© ãŸisfis
w
wwww wwww
called to the girls, "I shall put you on your miH¤J eh‹ ï¥nghJ btËna ngh»nw‹. Ú§fŸ r¤j«
honour to talk quietly while I am away." But brŒahkš bkJthf ngá¡bfhŸsyh« v‹»whŸ. Mdhš bg©
they were too subdued to do anything else. ãŸisfŸ vJînk brŒaKoahjgo xL§»ÆU¡»‹wd®. mt®fËš
Most of them were blowing their noses. bgU«ghydt®fŸ j§fŸ _¡if Óªâago ïU¡»‹wd®.
et
e t
The corridors were silent and cold;
eet t tuhªjh¡fŸ FË®¢áahfî« mikâahfî« ïU¡»‹wd. mit
lalai.iN
they echoed to Miss Meadows' steps. The
.N l a
l i
a .iN
headmistress sat at her desk. For a moment .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
İ bknlhá‹ fhyofis vâbuhÈ¡»‹wd. jiyikaháÇia
jdJ nkirÆš mk®ªâU¡»wh®. xU beho¥bghGJ mt® mtis
assaa saa s aa
she did not look up. She was as usual
aa s aas
ÃÄ®ªJ Tl gh®¡fÉšiy mtŸ jdJ tH¡f¥go f© f©zhofis
et
PPaadd
disentangling her eyeglasses, which had
got caught in her lace tie. "Sit down, Miss
P P dd
fH‰W«nghJ mtsJ fG¤âš ïU¡F« JÂÆ‹ th® ïiHÆš
aa
ww..
Meadows," she said very kindly. And then she
w
w ..
mJ á¡»¡bfhŸ»wJ. c¡fhU§f İ bknlh° v‹W m‹ghf¢
brh‹dtŸ, ik x‰W« gyifÆÈUªJ xU ïsŠát¥ò Ãw ciwia
wwww wwww
.N
picked up a pink envelope from the blotting- vL¡»whŸ. “ïªj jªâ c§fS¡F tªâU¡»wJ. mjdhš c§fis
pad. "I sent for you just now because this tu¢brh‹nd‹.”
telegram has come for you." İ ta£ vd¡F jªâah?
ai
"A telegram for me, Miss Wyatt?"
eet t
Basil! He had committed suicide, decided
eet t gáš mt‹ j‰bfhiy brŒJ bfh©LÉ£lh‹ v‹W İ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
Miss Meadows. Her hand flew out, but Miss
l a
l
Wyatt held the telegram back a moment. "Ii
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
bknlh° Koî brŒJÉ£lhŸ. mtsJ iffŸ K‹nd br‹wd.
Mdhš, İ ta£ bfhŠr« j‹ ifia ã‹D¡F ïG¤J¡bfh©L,
assaa s aa
s
hope it's not bad news," she said, so more
a a a s aa
s
ïJ bf£l brŒâ ïšiy v‹W Ãid¡»nw‹. v¥nghJ« ïšyhj
a
as
P Paadd
than kindly. And Miss Meadows tore it open.
P Paadd
m‹nghL brh‹dhŸ mtŸ. İ bknlh° mij¥ãǤJ¥ gh®¤jhŸ.
w
w ..
"Pay no attention to letter, must have
ww..
mªj¡foj¤ij bghU£gL¤jhnj. mJ Vnjh ig¤âa¡fhu¤jdkhf
wwww wwww
been mad, bought hat-stand today Basil," she vGâaJ. xU bjh¥ã it¡F« °lh©L th§»nd‹. v‹W mtŸ
ad
read. She couldn't take her eyes off the tele- mâš thá¤jhŸ. mªj jªâÆÈUªJ mtshš f©fis vL¡f
gram. "I do hope it's nothing very serious," KoaÉšiy. mJ Vnjh xU tU¤j¥gL»w Éra« ïšiy v‹W eh‹
said Miss Wyatt, leaning forward. Ãid¡»nw‹ v‹whŸ İ ta£.
"Oh, no, thank you, Miss Wyatt," blushed
t t
.P
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
and she gave an apologetic little laugh - "it's
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Éjkhf xU á‹d áÇ¥ò áǤjhŸ. ïJ vd¡F kh¥ãŸisahf¥
assaa aa aa
from my fiance saying that - saying that - "
w
a s
a s
There was a pause. "I see," said Miss Wyatt.
dd ddaas
ngh»wt® »£l ïUªJ tªâU¡F. mJy v‹d ïU¡F‹dh. . . xU
s
ïilbtË. . . m¥goah mJ rÇ v‹»whŸ İ ta£. Û©L« xU
.. Paa
And another pause. Then, "You've fifteen min-
P P Paa
ïilbtË. ãwF c§fS¡F ï‹D« gâidªJ ÃÄl« tF¥ò
..
w
eet
my teachers having telegrams sent to them in
t e
school hours, unless in case of very bad news,et tV¤J¡fwâšy. mJ buh«g bf£l brŒâah ïUªjh k£Lnk. mjhtJ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
such as death," explained Miss Wyatt, "or a.N l a a .iN
.N
br¤J¥ nghd brŒâ mšyJ mJ khâÇ x©Q ešy brŒâ jh‹
i
v¥gí« ntQ«. ïij¤ bjÇŠR¡nfh§f v‹W İ ta£ mtËl«
l
assaa s aa s aa
very serious accident, or something to that
a
dd a s
effect. Good news, Miss Meadows, will always
dd a s
És¡»shŸ. e«ã¡i, ner«, k»œ¢á M»a áwFfnshL ïir
a
mu§F¡F ÉiuªJ br‹W mu§»‹ ika¥ ghijÆš elªJ br‹W
P aa
keep, you know." On the wings of hope, of
..P P
.. Paa
gofËš V¿, ãahndhit neh¡» br‹whŸ İ ta£.
ww
love, of joy, Miss Meadows sped back to the
ww
wwww
music hall, up the aisle, up the steps, over to
the piano. wwww
184
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l
thirty-two," and, picking up the yellowa
l i
a .iN
.N
"Page thirty-two, Mary," she said, "page
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
g¡f« K¥g¤J bu©L nkÇ v‹whŸ mtŸ. g¡f« K¥g¤J bu©L
assaa
v‹wgo mU»Uªj rhkªâ¥ óit ifÆš vL¤J¡ bfh©lhŸ. jdJ
a s aa
s
chrysanthemum, she held it to her lips to hide
a a s
a aa
s
ò‹difia kiw¥gj‰fhf mij j‹ cjLfË‹ mUnf bfh©L
aadd
her smile. Then she turned to the girls, rapped
P P aadd
br‹whŸ. ãwF mtŸ bg© ãŸisfis neh¡»¤ âU«ã jdJ
PP
ww..
with her baton: "Page thirty-two, girls. Page
ww..
(ng£l‹) F¢áahš j£oago ãŸisfsh, g¡f« K¥g¤J bu©L g¡f«
wwww wwww
thirty-two." K¥g¤J bu©L v‹whŸ.
"We come here To-day with Flowers o'er ky®fŸ mâf« RkªJ tªnjh« ï‹iw¡F ehnk. mnjhL
laden, With Baskets of Fruit and Ribbons to TilfËš fÅfS«, Ç¥g‹fS«, thœ¤jnt.
boot, To-oo Congratulate ...
et
e
"Stop! Stop!" cried Miss Meadows. "This
t eet t ÃW¤J. ! ÃW¤J v‹W f¤âdhŸ İ bknlh°. ïJ buh«g
lalai.iN l a
l i
a .iN
is awful. This is dreadful." And she beamed
.N .N
at her girls. "What's the matter with you all?
l a i
a .iN
.N
nkhr«gL nkhrkh ïU¡F. mtŸ bg© ãŸisfis neh¡»
c§fS¡F v‹d M¢R. nahá¢R¥ghU§f. Ú§f v‹d ghLnwh«D
l
assaa saa s aa
Think, girls, think of what you're singing. Use
aa s aas
nahá¢R ghL§f. c§f f‰gidia ga‹gL¤J. ky®fŸ mâf« RkªJ
et
PPaadd
your imaginations. 'With Flowers o'er laden.
Baskets of Fruit and Ribbons to boot.' And
P P dd
tªnjh«. mnjhL TilfËš fÅfS« Ç¥g‹fS« thœ¤jnt. İ
aa
bknlh° fh£lkhf¢ brh‹dhŸ. ãŸisfsh buh«g nrhfkh ghlhÔ§f.
ww..
'Congratulate'." Miss Meadows broke off.
w
w ..
mJ bfhŠr« ïjkh ïU¡fD«.k»œ¢áah M®tkh thœ¤jnt kWgo
wwww wwww
.N
"Don't look so doleful, girls. It ought to sound xUKiw. ntfkh všnyhU« ï¥g ghL§f.
warm, joyful, eager. 'Congratulate'. Once ïªj¤ jlit, İ bknlhá‹ Fuš k‰w všyh¡ FuiyÉl
more. Quickly. All together. Now then!" mâf xÈíl‹ xȤjJ.KGikahŒ, MHkhŒ cz®îfnshL
ai
And this time Miss Meadows' voice xËU«goahŒ xȤjJ.
t t
sounded over all the other voices - full, deep,
ee e et t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
glowing with expression.
al l a
l ai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a as aa F¿¥ò
s
MáÇa®
aas aa
s
as
a a
nf¤ä‹ nk‹°ÕšL K®Ç
P P dd(1888-1923) a a
ït® nf¤jÇ‹ nk‹°ÕšL v‹w òid¥bgaÇš
P P dd
w w. .M»nahUl‹ bjhl®ò bfh©oUªjh®.
vGâa Ãôáyhªâ‹ áWfij vG¤jhs®. ït® òfœbg‰w
ww. . M»ait
vG¤jhs®fshd o.v¢.yhu©°,
wwww
É®éÅah cš¥
wwwwïtU¡F Äf¢áwªj
"Bliss, The garden Party"
ad
t t
.P
A.
ee t ee t
Based on your understanding of the story, answer the following questions in about 30-
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 50 words each. (Pg.No. 165)
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
1. What was the knife that Miss Meadows carried with her?
w
a s
a s a s
a s
Miss Meadows carried with her was a wicked knife. This means a sense of how deeply affected Miss
dd dd
P
.. Paa
Meadows was after she had read Basil’s letter.
P
.. Paa
w
2. w
w ww
What kind of relationship existed between Miss Meadows and the Science Mistress?
wwww wwww
Meadows hated the Science Mistress for her cheerfulness, her beauty and charm. She hated her
w
especially for her sweetness. So the kind of relationship existed between Miss Meadows and the
Science Mistress was not good.
3. Why was Miss Meadows upset and dejected?
eet t eet t
Miss. Meadows had received a letter from her bridegroom, Basil. That letter made her that their
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a i.iN
.N
relationship was ended. So Miss Meadows was upset and dejected.
l l a l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa 4.
change that day?
aadd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
How would Miss Meadows usually treat Mary? How did her behaviour towards the girl
a
w P
..P ww P
.. P
Mary was liked by Miss Meadows. Mary was her favourite student. Miss Meadows totally ignored the
w
wwww wwww
chrysanthemum and made no reply to her greeting. Her behaviour made Mary so scared and her
eyes got filled with tears.
185
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
5.
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
Why had Miss Meadow chosen ‘A Lament’ as the lesson that particular day?
.N
Miss Meadows chose ‘A Lament’’ as the lesson that particular day because she was deeply affected
assaa aa a s
a aa
s
aa a
sadness every note was sob, a sigh, a groan of mournfulness.
s
a aa
s
by the letter which was sent by Basil. That letter made that their relationship was ended. Due to her
dd dd
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
wwww wwww
6. What brought agony to the girls during the music lessons?
Miss Meadows beated the baton asking for silence. She was in bad state of mind. She ordered the
girls to sing ‘A Lament’. Everything brought agony to the girls during the music lessons.
7. Bring out the substance of Basil’s letter to Miss Meadows
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
Basil went on to say that he was not a “marrying man” and that although he loved her, the thought
.N
of marrying her filled him with regret. Miss Meadows saw that he had written ‘disgust’ first and had
assaa aasaa
s
crossed it out and wrote “regret”.
as
asaa
et
PPaadd P Padd
a
8.
ww.. w
w ..
Why did Miss Wyatt summon Miss Meadows to her room?
wwww wwww
Miss Wyatt summoned Miss Meadows to her room. She walked to the head mistress office. There
.N
Miss Wyatt handed her a telegram.
9. How did Miss Meadows express her joy, when she returned to the music class?
ai
Miss Meadows picked up the yellow chrysanthemum, she held it to her lips to hide her smile and
eet t eet t
asked for the students sing another song happy and sweet.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
10. Briefly explain the cause of Miss Meadow's joy at the end
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P P add P P add
A telegram from Basil was sent to Miss Meadows, asking her to apologize him. Miss Meadows felt
a a
w
w .. ww..
happy and returned to the class with vigour and good cheer.
wwww VOCABULARY
wwww
ad
Note the following words from the story. They all refer to different ways of walking. Find
out their meanings and use each of them in meaningful sentences of your own. Refer a
t t
.P
ee t ee t
thesaurus and add a few more to the list. (Pg.No. 165)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
a. trod -
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
put your foot on something while walking
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
B.
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Complete the mind map given below and write a brief summary of the story in your own
assaa aa aa
words. (Pg.No. 166)
Miss Meadows was upset
a
dd s
a s a s
a s
She remains gloomy and worried in
dd She taxes the students
P
.. P
called off the weddingaa
over Basil, her fiancé, had class.
P
..Paa making them silence.
ww ww
wwww wwww
The girls sense her change Basil seems to have called off his She thinks of the letter from
of mood marriage proposal with Miss Meadows Basil.
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa
et
Miss. Wyatt
PPaadd
Suddenly she is called by
P Padd
The headmistress gives her a a tel-
a
egram which asks her to forget His
Miss Meadows feels happy
and returns to the class with
ww.. w ..
word and asking her to apologize him
w vigour and good cheer
wwww wwww
.N
C. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of about 150 words each. (Pg.No. 166)
1. Describe Miss Meadow’s mood before and after receiving the telegram. How did it affect
ai
her class? GMQ
A despairing singing teacher, Miss Meadow has to start her class, but she has just received a letter from
eet t eet t
her fiance, Basil. This letter makes her that their relationship was ended. As she entered the class, she
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i .iN
.N
doesn’t answer the girl’s greeting. Mary’s eyes get filled with tears. The teacher orders the girls to sing a
l a
assaa aa aa
‘lament’. They sing with ‘mournful voices’. The teacher contaminates them with her state of spirit. Soon
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P aadd P aadd
a telegram ‑from Basil was sent to Miss Meadows, asking her to apologize him. The teacher comes back
to the class smiling and ask the students to sing another song, happy and sweet without explanations
P P
w
w ..
as if nothing had happened.
ww..
wwww wwww
ad
2. ‘The only difference between good day and a bad day is your attitude’ Relate this to a
real life experience you have to share your thought in class.
The difference between ‘A Good day’ and ‘A Bad day’ depends upon our attitude. Actually you can
make that happen by simply changing your attitude. It really is just about our attitude that shifts
t t
.P
ee t ee t
one good feeling to a bad one. If we let the bad feeling overcome us, chances are no good will
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
come out of it. Once I got scolding from mother for getting low marks in the Quarterly Exam I didn’t
assaa aa aa
w
take my breakfast. With the bad state of the mind, I went to the school. I thought that the day
a s
a s a s
a s
would be a bad day for me. During the break time I sat alone and thought about why my mother
dd dd
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
advised and scolded me. I realized my mistakes. Then I started to study well, concentrate on my
w
w
w ww
class work and listened to the class with keen eyes I changed my attitude towards right way. In the
wwww wwww
evening, I went to my mother and asked her to forgive me. My mother hugged me. So, that day
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N will you handle this situation.lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
today is a big day at school with two tests lined up. What will be your state of mind? How
assaa aa a s
a aa
s
aa aassaa
My best friend is my soul mate If he/she fought with me I couldn’t concentrate my work peacefully
dd dd
I will give more importance to my friendship as my family. If we got misunderstanding surely the
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
day will be the worst day for me. Because I can’t be happy without my friend. One day, I had a
wwww wwww
misunderstanding with my friend. The very next day, there were two tests in my school. My mind was
totally blank. I couldn’t remember a sentence to write. I kept on thinking about the fighting which
187
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a i
a .iN
was unforgettable. Even, very known answers
.N
were not written properly. I tried to overcome
l l a
l i
a .iN
headmistress gives her a telegram. In that
.N
Basil asked her to forget about the matter
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
my emotions. At last I decided to reconcile in the letter sent recently. Ms. Meadows felt
a
dd a
with my friend by taking him/her to ice cream
aa a
dd a
happy and returned to the class with vigour
aa
ww P
.. P
parlour. However I did my tests very well.
ww P
..P
and good cheer. She made the children sing
a song of joy.
wwww
Paragraph for Toppers (gifted students):
Miss meadows, a music teacher - gets a
wwww
Moral:
There is calm after every storm.
letter - feels upset - fiance not interested -
reflects her gloom on students - changes Paragraph for Average students:
t t
the happy song to a sad one - Headmistress
ee eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
to wedding - meadows happy - changes the.N
calls - delivers a telegram - fiance - agrees -
i Story
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The singing Lesson
assaa aa aa
Author Katherine Mansfield
ss
song again - to a cheerful one March 2019
aa as
as
et
Characters Miss Meadows
aadd
Miss Meadows - music teacher -
PP P Padd
a
ww..
received letter - fiance' - upset with message
w
w ..
Theme Sufferings of a woman
wwww wwww
Miss Meadows is a music teacher. This story
.N
- affected her mood - reflected in class - called
tells the events that happened in a single day in
by Headmistress - gave a telegram - sender
her life. She was engaged to Basil. Basil wanted to
Basil - request to forget - message in letter
break up from her. So he sent a letter to her, so she
ai
- indicated reunion - Meadows turned happy
became very sad. She asked her students to sing
eet t
- selected cheerful song - teach children
eet t songs to suit her mood. She was not ready to share
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
Plan of the paragraph:
l a
l a .iN
.N
March 2020
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
the news with anyone. It reflected in the classroom
assaa aa aa
and affected the students. She chose a song 'A
Introduction
a s
a s a s
a s
lament' to suit her mood and drills the students
as
aadd
Meadows' depressed mood
P P aadd
repeatedly. Later she received a telegram from
P P
w ..
Turn of events
w ww..
Basil. He expressed his love for her once again. She
Moral
wwww wwww
became very happy. She made the children sing a
ad
ee t
with dismay.
ee t Paragraph for Slow learners:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Meadow's depressed mood:
l a
l i
a.iN
.N (Late bloomers)
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Miss Meadows is a music teacher. This story Story The singing Lesson
w
a
dd s
a s
tells the events that happened in a single day Author a
dd s
a s Katherine Mansfield
P
.. Paa
in her life. Miss Meadows was very serious
P
.. Paa
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
Meadows felt very sad and the girls sensed
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Later she receives a telegram from Basil.
He says that he wants to marry her.
assaa aa aa
the change in her immediately.
Turn of events: a
dd s
a s a ss
Miss Meadows becomes very happy now.
dd a
P
..Paa
Suddenly, she was called by Ms. Wyatt. A P
.. Paa
She makes the children sing a song of joy in
the class.
ww
little girl in blue walked up the aisle and ww
wwww wwww
She also sings the song in a sweet voice.
came to her to give the information. The A calm temperament ensures happiness.
188
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
.iN
.N .iN
.N .iN
.N
Prose
lalai l a
l i
a l a
l i
a
assaa Unit a
dd s
a aa
s a
dd s
a aa
s
6
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
ww ww
wwww wwww
et
e t The Accidental
eet t Tourist
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
- Bill Bryson
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa
et
P P aadd P Padd
a
ïlU¡FŸshdww. . ga w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
ai
ghl¢ RU¡f«
e t t e t t
e«Äš xUáy® e«Kila áW jtWfshš á¡fËš kh£o¡ bfhŸ»nwh«. ïJ ehnk njo¡ bfhŸtJ.
e e
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
bgU«ghY« e«Äš áy®, j§fË‹ Phgf kwâÆ‹ fhuzkhf ek¡F J‹g¤ij njo¡bfhŸ»nwh«.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
ïjdhš eh« milí« J‹g§fis ïªj f£LiuÆ‹ MáÇa® ãš ãiur‹ eif¢Ritíl‹
a s
a s
És¡F»wh®. jdJ Ékhd¥gaz§fË‹ nghJ, jh‹ rªâ¡F« áW beU¡fofis jd¡nf cǤjhd
aass
as
aadd
eif¢Ritíl‹ mt® És¡FtJ ï¡f£LiuÆ‹ jÅ¢áw¥ò.
P P P Pa dd
a
w
w .. ww ..
wwww ww ww
ad
ENGLISH jĜ
Of all the things I am not very good at, living in
všyht‰¿Y« eh‹ Äfî« áwªjt‹ mšy, c©ikahd
the real world is perhaps the most outstanding. I am cyf¤âš thœtJ Äfî« áwªjJ. áy k¡fŸ bjËthf
t t
.P
ee t ee t
constantly filled with wonder at the number of things áuk«Ä‹¿ brŒtij Ãid¤J eh‹ M¢rÇa¥gL»nw‹.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
that other people do without any evident difficulty mJ vd¡F e‹whf cŸsJ. cjhuzkhf, eh‹ âna£lÇš
that are pretty much beyond me. I cannot tell you fÊ¥giw njo bršY« nghJ filáÆš xU rªâš
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
the number of times that I have gone looking for jhÅa§» fjÉ‹ K‹ Ë¿U¥ng‹. eh‹ âdK« _‹W
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
the lavatory in a cinema, for instance, and ended up mšyJ eh‹F Kiw nAh£lš nkir¡F âU«ã tªJ
w
standing in an alley on the wrong side of a self-locking vdJ miw v©iz nf£L bršnt‹. eh‹ F£ilahf
w
w ww
wwww wwww
door. My particular specialty now is returning to hotel (FŸskhf) ïU¥gjhš vËâš FH«ãÉLnt‹.
w
eet t eet t
en famille on a big trip. It was at Easter, and we were gaz¤â‰F br‹wij Ãid¤J¡ bfh©oUªnj‹. mJ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal a.iN
.N
flying to England for a week. When we arrived at Logan
i
Airport in Boston and were checking in, I suddenly
l a
l a .iN
.N
fhy«, xU thu fhy« eh§fŸ ï§»yhªJ br‹nwh«.
i
eh§fŸ Bostonš cŸs Ékhd Ãiya¤âš o¡bf£
assaa a s
a aa
s
remembered that I had recently joined British Airways’
aadd
frequent flyer programme. I also remembered that I
aa aassaa
rÇgh®¤J bfh©oUªnjh«. m¥nghJ âObud ãÇ£o°
dd
Ékhd¥gilÆ‹ â£l¤âš nr®ªjJ Ãidî¡F tªjJ.
P
..P
had put the card in the carry-on bag that was hanging
ww ww P
.. P
mj‹ m£ilÆš v‹ igÆš it¤âU¥gJ Phgf« tªjJ.
wwww wwww
around my neck. And here’s where the trouble started. mJ v‹ fG¤ij R‰¿ ïUªjJ« ÃidÉš tªjJ. m§F
jh‹ ãu¢rid bjhl§»aJ.
189
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
The zip on the bag was jammed. So I pulled
i
on it and yanked at it, with grunts and frowns and
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
v‹ igÆ‹ Í¥ig âw¡fKoaÉšiy. Mjyhš,
mij mâf mG¤j« bfh©L ïG¤nj‹. mij áy
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
increasing consternation. I kept this up for some
minutes but it wouldn’t budge, so I pulled harder and
aa a s
a aa
s
k¤JËfŸ mG¤j« bfhL¤J ïG¤nj‹. Mdhš
dd
mij âw¡fKoaÉšiy. Mjyhš Äf fodkhf ÄFªj
P
.. P
harder, with more grunts. Well, you can guess what
ww ww P
..P
cWkšYl‹ ïG¤nj‹. âObud mªj Í¥ tÊÉ£lJ.
wwww wwww
happened. Abruptly the zip gave way. The side of the xU tÊÆš mªj igÆš ïUªjJ, brŒâ¤jhŸ J©LfŸ
bag flew open and everything within — newspaper k‰W« ïju fh»j§fŸ, 14 ounce FHhŒ, òifÆiy o‹,
cuttings and other loose papers, a 14- ounce tin of g¤âÇ¡iffŸ gh°ngh®£, M§»y %ghŒfŸ, gl« -
pipe tobacco, magazines, passport, English money, Ml«gukhd bl‹Å° nfh®£ M»a mid¤J« btËna
film — was extravagantly ejected over an area about tªjJ.
et
e t
the size of a tennis court.
eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l ai .
iN.
I watched dumbstruck as a hundred carefully
üW N
tÇir¥gL¤j¥g£l Mtz§fŸ ftdkhd Ú®
l a
l i
a .
i N
. N
assaa a 圢á nghš ÑnH ïiw¢rnyhL ïa§Ftij f©nl‹.a
a a
ss
sorted documents came raining down in a fluttery
aa aass
et
PPaadd l¥ghÉ‹ jfu« Ú©L tÊÆnyna ájw¥nghÆUªjJ.
cascade, coins bounced to a variety of noisy oblivions
and the now-lidless tin of tobacco rolled crazily across
P P dd
ehza§fŸ gšntW r¥j§fis vG¥ãaJ òifÆiy
aa
ww..
the concourse disgorging disgorging its contents as it
mj‹ cŸbghUis btËna gu¥ãÉ£L w
w .btWikah¡»aJ.
.
wwww ww
.N
went.
“My tobacco!” I cried in horror, thinking what I
ww
“vdJ òifÆiy” vd tUªând‹, eh‹
would have to pay for that much tobacco in England òifÆiy¡F ï§»yhªâš mâfkhf brytÊ¡f
ai
now that another Budget had come and gone, and nt©Lnk? vd kdâš tªJ br‹wJ. ãwF “v‹ Éuš!
eet t ee
then changed the cry to “My finger! My finger!” ast t v‹ Éuš! vdJ Éuš igÆ‹ ͥ㚠g£L MHkhf Ñuš
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
I discovered that I had gashed my finger on the zip
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
ÉGªjjhš f¤ând‹. mJ Éiykâ¥g‰w ïu¤j¤ij
assaa aa aa
and was shedding blood in a lavish manner. (I am not btËÆ£lJ. (mjhtJ eh‹ ïu¤j¤ij áªJtâš ešyt‹
a s
a s
very good around flowing blood generally, but when
a s
a s
mšy, Mdhš mJ v‹DilaJ. tË¥ò nehŒ cŸnsh®
as
aadd
it’s my own — well, I think hysterics are fully justified.)
P P P aadd
ïij Ãaha¥gL¤Jth®fŸ vd Ãid¡»nw‹. ïªj neu¤âš
P
w ..
Confused and unable to help, my hair went into panic
w ww..vdJ kidÉ gj‰w¤Jl‹ - nfhg«, vÇ¢rš ïšyhkš
wwww
mode. It was at this point that my wife looked at
wwww Mdhš á¿a âif¥òl‹ “Ú§fŸ thœtj‰F ï¥go¢
ad
me with an expression of wonder — not anger or brŒå®fŸ vd eh‹ e«gÉšiy,” v‹W brh‹dhŸ.
exasperation, but just simple wonder — and said, “I
can’t believe you do this for a living.”
t t
.P
ee t ee t
But I’m afraid it’s so. I always have catastrophes Mdhš, eh‹ bfhŠr« gaªnj‹. vâ®ghuhj ÃfœîfŸ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a.iN
.N
when I travel. Once on an aeroplane, I leaned over to
i
tie a shoelace just at the moment someone in the seat
l a
l a.iN
.N
gaz¤â‹ nghJ ÃfG«. xU Kiw Ékhd¤âš, eh‹
i
ÑnH FŪJ vdJ shoe lace ia kh£o¡bfh©oUªnj‹,
assaa aa aa
w
dd s
a s
ahead of me threw his seat back into full recline, and
a
found myself pinned helplessly in the crash position. It a
dd s
a s
r‰W neu¤âš vdJ K‹ ïU¡ifÆš ïUªjt® ã‹dhf
KGtJkhf rhŒªjh®. vdJ mUnf ïUªjt® fhšfis
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
was only by clawing the leg of the man sitting next to ïUg¡fK« ngh£L¡ bfh©lh®. ehD« mtÇl« ïUªJ
w
w
me that I managed to get myself freed. This, however, ww
wwww wwww
ÉLjiy bgw Ãid¤nj‹. vdJ Ékhd gaz¤âš
was not my worst experience on a plane flight. My ïJ k£Lnk vdJ nkhrkhd mDgt§fŸ mšy. vdJ
w
worst experience was when I was writing important K¡»akhd v©z§fis eh‹ ò¤jf§fËš vGJtnj
thoughts in a notebook (‘buy socks’, ‘clutch drinks vdJ nkhrkhd jUz§fŸ. (rh¡° th§f »s£¢
carefully’, etc.), sucking thoughtfully on the end of ghd§fŸ ftdkhf....) nahá¤J¡bfh©L ngdh EÅia
eet t eet t
my pen as you do, and fell into conversation with an thÆš it¤J c¿Šánd‹. vdJ mUnf cŸs áWtaJ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
attractive young lady in the next seat. I amused her for
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
bg©kÂÆ‹ ciuahlÈš _œ»nd‹. 20 ÃÄl§fŸ
assaa aa aa
perhaps 20 minutes with a scattering of urbane bons mtis bjhl®ªJ gh®¤J¡ bfh©oUªnj‹. ã‹d®
a
dd s
a s
mots, then retired to the lavatory where I discovered
aass
fÊ¥giw neh¡» br‹nw‹. m¥nghJ jh‹ eh‹ gh®¤nj‹
dd
..Paa
that the pen had leaked and that my mouth, chin,
P
tongue, teeth and gums were now a striking, scrub- P
.. Paa
ngdhÉ‹ ik v‹ thŒ, f©z«, eh¡F, gš k‰W«
<WfŸ mid¤âY« bjǪjJ. Navy blue, gy eh£fshŒ v‹
ww ww
wwww
resistant navy blue, and would remain so for several
days. wwww thÆÈUªJ nghfhkš ïUªjJ.
190
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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wwww wwww
ww
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ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
So you will understand, I trust, when I tell you
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
eh‹ áwªj g©ghsdhŒ ïU¡f v›tsî
how much I ache to be suave. I would love, just once áuk¥gL»nw‹ vd Ú§fŸ cz®ªâU¥Õ®fŸ vd eh‹
assaa a s aa
s a s aa
s
in my life, to rise from a dinner table without looking e«ò»nw‹. czî nkirŒÈUªJ gh®¡fhkš xU Besimic
aadd a aadd a
as if I have just experienced an extremely localised event brŒnjnd vd Ka‰á brŒJ gh®¡f nt©L«.
w P
.. P ww P
..P
seismic event, get in a car and close the door without vdJ 14 ï‹¢ nfh®£il kwthkš vL¤JtªJ fhÇš V¿
w
wwww wwww
leaving 14 inches of coat outside, wear light-coloured #‹diy rh¤j nt©L«. bkšÈa Ãw§fis¡ bfh©l
trousers without discovering at the end of the day MilfŸ mªJ mªj ehŸ ïWâtiu, eh‹ K‹ò
that I have at various times sat on chewing gum, ice brŒjJ nghš chewing Gum, Ice cream, cough syrup and
cream, cough syrup and motor oil. But it is not to be. motor oil brŒa¡TlhJ. Mdhš, mJ m›thW el¡fhJ.
et
e t
Now on planes when the food is delivered, my
eet t ï¥nghJ Ékhd¤âš czî cgrÇ¡f¥gL»wJ.
lalai.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
wife says: “Take the lids off the food for Daddy” or
i
“Put your hoods up, children. Daddy’s about to cut
l a
l a .iN
.N
“m¥ghÉ‹ rh¥gh£L _oia âw§fŸ” mšyJ “c§fŸ
i
jiyfis _L§fŸ FHªijfns m¥gh j‰nghJ mtuJ
assaa saa
s
his meat.” Of course, this is only when I am flying
aa assaa
czit rh¥ãl ngh»wh®. vd v‹ kidÉ TW»whŸ “M«,
a
et
PPa dd
with my family. When I am on my own, I don’t eat,
a P Padd
a
eh‹ v‹ FL«g¤Jl‹ gw¡F« nghJ el¥gJ. eh‹ jÅahf
ww..
drink or lean over to tie my shoelaces, and never put
w
w .. bršY« nghJ rh¥ãl, Fo¡f vdJ shoe lace f£l Ka‰á¡f
wwww wwww
.N
a pen anywhere near my mouth. I just sit very, very kh£nl‹. vdJ thÆ‹ mUnf ngdhit bfh©L bršy
quietly, sometimes on my hands to keep them from kh£nl‹. eh‹ ÄfÄf mikâahf ïU¥ng‹. áyneu«
ying out unexpectedly and causing liquid mischief. It’s v‹ ifÆš ïUªJ toí« Únu vd¡F ãu¢ridia¡
ai
not much fun, but it does at least cut down on the bfhL¡F«. ïJ áÇ¥ã‰FÇa Éõa« mšy, Mdhš
laundry bills. ïitaid¤J« vdJ yh©lÇ ãšÈš nr®¡f¥gL«.
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a i
a .iN
I never did get my frequent flyer miles, by the
.N
way. I never do. I couldn’t find the card in time. This
l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
v‹Dila m‹whl flyer milesia eh‹ ï‹D«
bgwÉšiy. eh‹ brŒjJ ïšiy. vdJ fh®il-neu¤â‰F
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
has become a real frustration for me. Everyone I know v‹dhš bgw KoahJ. vd¡F bjǪj midtU« - Bali-
a a a a
as
P Paadd
— everyone — is for ever flying off to Bali first class
P P add
¡F Kjš tF¥ò V® ikš° brš»‹wd®. v‹dhš vijí«
a
w
w ..
with their air miles. I never get to collect anything. I
must fly 100,000 miles a year, yet I have accumulated ww.. bgwKoaÉšiy. eh‹ tUl¤âš 100,000 ikšfŸ
wwww wwww
gw¥ng‹, Mdhš 23 V® iy‹fŸ _y« bkh¤j« 212 air
ad
only about 212 air miles divided between twenty-three miles cŸsd.
airlines.
This is because either I forget to ask for the air ïJ vdJ ftd nfhshW. eh‹ Phgf« brŒJ«
miles when I check in, or I remember to ask for them mJ gâî brŒa¥glÉšiy. vG¤jÇl« nf£lnghJ mt®
t t
.P
ee t ee t
but the airline then manages not to record them, or vd¡F ïâš cÇik ïšiy v‹W« bjÇɤjh®. #dtÇ,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l ai.iN
.N l a i.iN
.N
the check-in clerk informs me that I am not entitled to M°ânuÈah Ékhd¤âš ïªj Ékhd¤âš zillion air
l a
assaa aa aa
w
them. In January, on a flight to Australia — a flight for miles bgw¥ngh»wJ - eh‹ vdJ fh®il vG¤jÇl«
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
which I was going to get about a zillion air miles — the bfhL¡F«nghJ mtŸ jiy ÃÄ®ªJ gh®¤J ïâš
P Paa P Pa a
clerk shook her head when I presented my card and “ahU¡F« cÇik ïšiy,”v‹whŸ.
.. ..
w
w
w
told me I was not entitled to any.
ww
“Why?”
wwww “V‹”? w
w ww
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
wouldn’t have it.
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a
mij V‰fÉšiy. .iN
g‰¿a kâ¥òfis g‰¿ vL¤J¡ T¿nd‹, Mdhš mtŸ
.N
assaa s aa
s ssaa
So I didn’t get my air miles, and I won’t be flying mjdhš vdJ air milesia bgw Éšiy, Kjš tF¥ãš
a
dd a
to Bali first class just yet. Perhaps just as well, really. I
aa addaa
v‹dhš Bali-¡F gaz« bršy KoaÉšiy. ïUªjhY«
a
P
..P
could never go that long without eating.
ww ww P
.. P ešyJjh‹, ï›tsî öu« v‹dhš rh¥ãlhkš ïU¡f
wwww wwww
KoahJ.
191
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t e t
e t
lalai .iN
.N MáÇa®
l a
l i .iN
F¿¥ò
a N xU M§»nyh mnkÇ¡fh ïd¤jt® lalai.iN
.ït® .N
assaa Mth®. aa aa
mnkÇ¡fhÉš, mnahth khfhz¤âš, 1951š ãwªj
ïtuJ jhŒ IÇZ ïd¤jt®. a s
a s
dd mDgt§fis it¤J¡bfh©L, ò¤jf§fŸPvGâíŸsh®.
ït®
ddaa
bgU«ghyhd fhy¤ij ï§»yhªânyna fʤJŸsh®.ss
ït® Inuh¥ghit R‰¿¥gh®¤Ja a aa
mnkÇ¡fhÉš cŸs w
w P
. P mj‹
£nu¡.gšfiyfHf¤â‹ ntªjuhf gÂah‰¿íŸsh®. ww ..P Notes from a small Island
et
e t TEXTUAL
eet t
lalai.iN
.N
Words Tamil Meaning
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Synonyms
l a
l i
a .iN
.NAntonyms
et
2. en famille FL«gkhf
P P aadd As a family (French)
P Padd
a -
3. yanked
ww . . ïG
btL¡bf‹W w
w ..
Pulled with a jerk or suddenly Pushed
ww ftiy ww
.N
4. consternation
5. extravagantly
wwfy¡f«,
CjhǤjdkhd
Worry
Excessively
w
w Happy, calm
Moderately
ai
6. cascade ڮ圢á Waterfall drought
e t t
7. con course
e bghJ c£Tl«
e t t
a open central area hall in a
e Portion.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Public building
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
8. disgorging C‰Wjš Discharging Retaining
aass a s
a s
as
9. gashed MHkhd bt£L
P Pa
k£LÛ¿a.m¢r«,add Cut deeply
P Paadd Healed
10. hysterics
w w . gj‰w«
ww..
A fit of uncontrollable laughing or Calm, control
ww vÇ¢rš gL¤J
wwÄFâahf
crying
wwww
ad
ee t
14. suave ee t
Polite and sophisticated Awkward, clumsy
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
15. venerable
etehfÇfkhd el¤ij
tz§Ftj‰FÇa
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Valued
l a
l i
a.iN
.Nunrespected
assaa aa aa
w
da a
dvÇ¢ršss ADDITIONAL TEXTUAL a
dd s
a s
..PPaa P
.. Paa
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
5. evident bjËthd
lal i
a.iN
.NApparent, clear
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Unclear, vague
assaa 6. jammed
7. grunts
beU¡» òF¤J
aa a
dd s
a
jhœFuš F‰nwhir
aa
s Cry, groan add
a aassaa
Stuck-fast, push or force Loose, operating
Laugh
ww
vG¥ò P
..P ww P
.. P
8. frowns
wwww
KfŠRˤJ¡ nfhg«
wwww
Dirty look Grin, smile
192
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
9. budge ïl« É£L¡bfhL
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Give way, move
l a
l i
a .iN
.N hinder/Prevent
assaa aa aa
10. ejected btËna‰W Thrown out Take in
11. dumbstruck âif¥gilªj a
dd s
a s Shocked
a
dd s
a s calm/Peace
12. sorted
P Pa
tif¥gL¤J
.. a P aa
Arrange, Place in order
..P Disorder
13. fluttery ww
òfœ¢á ww
Under Pressure Calm, laid-back
14. oblivions wwww
kwâÃiy wwww
Forgetfulness Awareness,
consciousness
15. lavish bgUksÉš gz« Splendid Economical, scanty
brytÊ¡»w
et
e t
16. Panic eet t
Extreme fright, fear Calm, contentment
lalai.iN
.N
17. clawing
m¢r cz®î, ⻚
ifÉuš ef§fshš
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Hurt
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Heal
et
18. amused
PPaa
nto¡if fh£Ldd Entertained
P Padd
a Bored
19. scattering ..
eh‰òwK« áj¿¢brš
ww disperse
w
w .. Collect, gather
wwww wwww
.N
20. mischief FW«ò Playfulness, bad behaviour Obedient, behaviour
21. accumulated âu£L, xU§Fnr® Gathered dispersed
22. zillion r«ghâ¤j Innumerable Countable, limited
ai
nfhof¡z¡fhd
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l a .iN
.N
A. Answer the following in one or two sentences: (Pg.No. 171)
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
1. Give a few instances of Bryson’s confused acts.
a s
a s a s
a s
Whenever he went looking for the lavatory in a cinema he used to stand in an alley on the wrong
as
aadd
side of a self-locking door.
P P P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
Forgetting his room number while staying in hotel, he often visited the hotel desks.
wwww wwww
ad
t t
.P
assaa aa aa
w
4.
a s s a s
Why did the author’s concern over tobacco shift to his finger?
dd a dd a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
The author’s concern over tobacco shifted to his finger as he gashed his finger on the zip and blood
w
When he leaned to tie his shoelace someone in the seat ahead of him threw his seat back to relax
and he found himself pinned in the crash position.
6.
eet eet
How did Bryson free himself from the crash position?
t t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
By clawing (hurting) the leg of the man sitting next to him, Bryson managed to free himself.
assaa aa aa
7. What was Bryson’s worst accident on a plane?
a
dd s
a s ddaass
His worst accident was he fell into a conversation with a young lady in the next seat for 20 minutes
sucking his pen.
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
ww ww
Later he discovered that his pen had leaked and that his mouth, chin, tongue, teeth and gums
wwww
remained navy blue for several days.
wwww
193
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
8.
.N l a
l i
a .iN
What did Bryson wish to avoid in his life?
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
Bryson wished to avoid seismic event while rising from a dining table, leaving 14 inches of coat
l
assaa 9. aadd s
a aa
s
aadd
How would staying away from liquid mischief benefit Bryson?
s
a aa
s
outside while getting into a car and dirtying light coloured trousers.
a a
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
Staying away from liquid mischief benefited Bryson by cutting down his laundry bills.
wwww wwww
10. Why did the clerk say that Bryson was not entitled to flyer miles? March 2023
As the ticket was in the name of B. Bryson and the card was in the name of W. Bryson he was not
entitled to flyer miles.
et
e t eet t
B. Answer the following questions in about three to four sentences each: (Pg.No. 171)
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
1. Why doesn’t Bryson seem to be able to do easily what others seem to ? Give a few
assaa aa aa
reasons.
aass as
as
et
Bryson does not seem to do what others do easily because he gets confused very easily. He is also
P a
a man of forgetfulness.
P add P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
2. What was the reaction of Bryson’s wife to his antics?
.N
Bryson’s wife was not angry or irritated by looking at his behaviour. She was rather struck with
wonder thinking how a normal human being could behave in that manner.
ai
3. Briefly describe the ‘accidents’ encountered on the flight by Bryson.
eet t t t
Once when he leaned over to tie a shoe lace, he was pinned helplessly in the crash position when
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
some one in the seat ahead of him threw his seat back to relax. The most embarrassing situation was
i i
when he knocked down soft drink on to the lap of a lady repeatedly. The worst experience was sucking
assaa s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
his pen thoughtfully without knowing that it was leaking and that his mouth, chin,tongue,teeth and
a
as
aadd
gums remained navy blue for several days.
P P P Paadd
C.
w
w .. ww..
Based on your understanding of the text, answer the following questions in a paragraph
wwww
of about 100-150 words. (Pg.No. 171)
wwww
ad
1. ‘To this day, I don’t know how I did it’ – What does ‘it’ refer to?
‘It’ refers to the incident which Bill Bryson experienced while knocking down a soft drink to the lap
of a sweet little lady sitting beside him. It was really the most embarrassing moment for him. When
t t
.P
ee t ee t
he knocked a soft drink on to the lap of the lady, the flight attendant came and cleaned her up.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a i.iN
.N
He was then provided with a replacement drink which he knocked it onto the woman again. He
l a
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
was just thinking about it and could not understand how it happened repeatedly. He felt that it so
a s
happened in a strange manner as what usually happened in 1950s horror movies with the title ‘The
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
undead Limb’. The lady looked at him with the stupefied expression which was quite natural and
w
w
w ww
uttered an oath that was not heard by Bryson before. Thus ‘It ‘was really an embarrassing moment
for Bryson.wwww wwww
w
2. ‘____But, when it’s my own-well, I think hysterics are fully justified’- How?
It is a general fact that we human beings never worry much when something disastrous happens to
eet t t t
others. At the same time it hurts us a lot when the same situation is being faced by us. The same is
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
the feeling of Bill Bryson when there was a cut in his finger. When he was about to open his carryon
bag for taking out the card, the zip got jammed. He enforced his utmost effort to open it. Because
assaa aa a s
a aa
s
aa aassaa
of this incident there was a deep cut in his finger out of which blood started shedding out in a lavish
dd dd
manner. He never bothered about flow of blood when it was for others. But now he was there in panic
w P
..P ww P
.. P
mode and felt like crying in an uncontrollable manner. This clearly justifies the statement ____But,
w
wwww wwww
when it’s my own – well, I think hysterics are fully justified’.
194
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
3.
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
Bring out the pun in the title “The Accidental Tourist”. GMQ Sep 2020
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Pun is the humorous use of words that have two meanings. The title ‘The Accidental tourist’ is a pun
assaa a s aa
s a s aa
s
which brings out two meanings. ‘One who travels by accident’ and the other meaning is the one who
aadd a aadd a
meets with accident often in his/her trip. The second meaning is what aptly suits this story. We come
w P
.. P ww P
..P
to know that Bill Bryson, a globetrotter often meets with catastrophes when he is there on travel.
w
wwww wwww
Once on an aeroplane when he tried to tie his shoe lace leaning down he got pinned helplessly in
crash position just as the person ahead of him threw his seat back to rest. The next accident was
he knocked down a soft drink on to the lap of a young lady who was sitting beside him. The worst
accident was sucking his pen thought fully without knowing that it was leaking and found his mouth
et
e t t t
remained navy blue for several days. All the above incidents clearly brings out the pun in the title
ee
lalai.iN
.N
4.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Can a clumsy person train himself/herself to overcome short comings? How could this be
assaa aa aa
done.
aass as
as
et
No man is perfect in this world. There may be short comings in their life in one way or the other.
P aadd P add
a
There is no use feeling worried about it. On the other hand one must think of some fruitful ideas to
P P
ww.. w
w ..
overcome those short comings. In this story we come to know that Bryson often forgets the room
wwww wwww
.N
number of his stay. A person like him can tackle such a situation by noting down the important
dates, numbers and their schedule in their diary. A person like him gets confused just because of
nervousness. It is their over excitement which makes them do everything in a haphazard way. This
ai
can be controlled if they practice doing meditation regularly. Nothing is difficult. Everything lies in the
eet t eet t
hands of the clumsy person who likes to come out of it ‘Practice makes a man perfect’ .If he practices
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
doing the above said ideas, naturally he can overcome his shortcomings to a great extend.
assaa 5.
a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
As a fellow passenger of Bill Bryson on the flight, make a diary entry describing his clumsy
as
P P add P P add
behaviour during the trip and the inconveniences caused to others as a result of his
a a
nervousness.
w
w .. ww..
wwww wwww
I had a trip on a plane where I happened to meet a clumsy person named Bryson. There arose many
ad
inconveniences to the fellow passengers because of his clumsy behaviour. He leaned over to tie his
shoelace and was pinned in the crash position as the person ahead threw his seat back to relax. He
might have informed the person in his front row to pull the seat front. Instead he hurt the leg of
t t
.P
the man sitting next to him and freed himself. Later he knocked down a soft drink on to the lap of a
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a i
a.iN
young lady who was sitting next to him.The lady got drenched and was helped by the flight assistant
.N
to clean herself. To her surprise Bryson knocked down yet another cup of drink on her lap. She was
l
assaa aa aa
w
because of his n dd s
a
ervousness.
s a
dd s
a s
really shocked of his behaviour and didn’t know what to do. I understood that everything happened
a
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
D.
w w
Briefly describe the ‘accidents’ encountered on the flight by Bryson. / Give an account of
w w
wwww wwww
Bill Bryson’s awkward behaviour during his trip to England
w
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iNAccidents met by Bryson:
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Robert Wilson meets with accidents often. He cannot even do simple activities without confusion. He
assaa a dd s
a aa
s
a a
dd s
a aa
s
gets easily confused. He struggles to go to the lavatory in a cinema theatre. He cannot remember
a
his hotel room number. When he travels too there is confusion. He suffers or makes others suffer. He
a a
w P
.. P ww P
..P
doesn’t take food or drink in flight to avoid accidents. But he can never control mishaps. His funny
w
wwww wwww
moments occur during his travel by plane. Once while he was searching for his flying card at the
reporting desk, he sets a cascade of documents falling down.
Title justified:
Once when he bent down to tie his shoe lace in the plane, he got caught when the passenger in front
et t e t t
reclined his seat at the same time. While trying to impress a young lady he accidentally sucks ink
e e
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
from his pen and his mouth, chin, tongue, teeth and gums were stained with blue ink. It remained
assaa aa aa
for several days. Bryson wishes to be polite and refined. But the situation becomes so awkward that
aass
everything is out of control.
as
as
et
PPaadd P Padd
a
Conclusion:
ww.. w
w ..
He suffers or makes others suffer. His wife cautions the kids whenever he cuts his meat or opens his
wwww wwww
.N
food, luck does not favour him. He gets knocked down badly either by fate or his own fault. The way
he creates accidents justify the title “The Accidental Tourist”.
ai
Accidents can be rectified if there is no confusion.
eet t
Paragraph for Average students: eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Prose The Accidental Tourist
a s
a s a s
a s
as
Author
P P add
Bill Bryson
a P Paadd
Theme
w
w ..
One’s own worries bothers him a lot
ww..
wwww wwww
Bryson narrates about the confusion in his everyday life. His funny moments occur during his travel by
ad
plane. Once while searching for his flying card at the reporting desk, he sets a cascade of documents
falling down. In another incident when he bent down to tie the shoelace in the plane, he got caught
when the passenger in front reclined his seat at the same moment. While trying to impress a young
t t
.P
ee t ee t
lady, sucks his pen thoughtfully and amuses her. Bryson admits that he wishes to be polite and
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
refined. But the situation becomes so awkward that everything goes beyond his control. His wife has
assaa aa aa
begun to caution their kids with precautionary measures whenever he cuts his meat or opens his
w
a s
a s a s
a s
food. Luck doesn’t favour him. He gets knocked down badly either by fate or his own fault.
dd dd
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
eet t eet t
Bryson narrates about the confusion in his everyday life.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
lal i
a.iN
.N
Bryson meets with accidents often.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
He gets easily confused. add
a a
He cannot even do simple activities without confusion.
assaa
ww P
..P ww P
..
He struggles to go to the lavatory in a cinema. P
wwww wwww
He cannot remember his hotel room number.
196
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t e et t
lalai .iN
.N
When he travels too there is confusion.
l
He suffers or makes others suffer.a
l ai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa
a add a as saa
He doesn’t take food or drink in flight to avoid accidents.
But he can never control mishaps.
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
w P
.. P
He gets knocked down badly either by fate or his own fault.
w w w P
..P
wwww Accidents can be rectified if there is no confusion.
wwww
VOCABULARY
A. Foreign words and phrases. (Pg.No. 172)
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
You have come across the French phrases ‘en famille’ |ən <famille>| and ‘bons mots’
bɑn ˈmɑːts | in the lesson. Now look at the following phrases and their meanings.
assaa aasaa
s
Eg : enfamille - as a family
as
asaa
et
aadd
a) viva voce - /ˌvaɪvə vəusi / - a spoken examination
PP P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
b) sine die - /ˈsɪnə ˈdʌɪiː/ – without a date being fixed
wwww wwww
.N
c) resume- /ˈrezj uːmeɪ/ - a brief summary
d) rapport - /ræˈpɔː(r)/ - close relationship with good understanding
ai
e) bonafide - /ˌbəʊnə ˈfaɪdi/ - genuine
eet t eet t
Refer to the dictionary and find out the meanings of the following foreign words /phrases.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Use them in sentences of your own: (Pg.No. 172)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa 1) bon voyage 2)
a s
a aa
s
in toto 3) liaison
a
4) s
a aa
sex gratia 5) en masse
as
6) en route 7)
P Paadd
ad hoc 8) faux pas
P Paadd
9) par excellence 10) in camera
11) status quo w
w ..
12) magnum opus 13) ww..
vox populi 14) in cognito 15) dejavu
wwww wwww
ad
16) a-la-carte 17) via-media 18) percapita 19) teta te 20) carte blanche
1. bon voyage – have a good journey/good bye.
Ex: He wished us bon voyage.
t t
.P
2.
ee t
in toto – totally, as a whole
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Ex: The available information amounts to very little in toto
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
eet t t t
Ex: I stopped en route (to the party) and got some wine
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
7..N lal i
a.iN
.N
ad hoc – arrangement made for a special purpose
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Ex: We deal with the problems on an ad hoc basis.
8. a
dd
faux pas – social blunder s
a s ddaass
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
Ex: She made the faux pas of referring to Wales as “part of England”
ww ww
wwww wwww
9. par excellence: - better or more than all other of the same kind
Shakespeare is par excellence playwright.
197
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
10. in camera - secret session
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
Ex: Judges assesses the merits of such claims in camera
l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s aa
s
11. status quo - the situation or state of affairs as it is now.
aadd a aa a
dd
Ex: They have a vested interest in maintaining the status quo
s
a aa
s
ww P
.. P
12. magnum opus - a great work
ww P
..P
wwww
Ex: His novel was his magnum opus
13. vox populi - voice of the people
wwww
Ex: The government accepted the vox populi
14. in cognito - in disguise
et
e t eet t
Ex: Kings of ancient India travelled in cognito to get to know the problem of their subjects.
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
15. deja vu - a feeling of having already experienced the present situation.
assaa asaa
s as
asaa
Ex: I entered the room and immediately felt as a sense of dejavu
a
et
aadd
16. a-la-carte - a menu which are priced separately.
PP P Padd
a
ww..
Ex: You get more choice if you eat a’la-carte
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
17. via media - a middle course
Ex: You are in a via media.
18. per capita - for each person
ai
Ex: The government announced to give Rs. 1000 per capita due to corona
eet t eet t
19. teta - te - an intimate private conversation between two people.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Ex: The close friends met after a long time. They had tete-te
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s
20. carte blanche - complete freedom to act as one wishes.
a a a s
a aa
s
as
aadd
Ex: The architect gives carte blanche to design the store.
P P P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
Here is a list of some words borrowed from Indian languages and have been included in the
wwww wwww
ad
ee t
bungalow Hindi
ee ta house in the Bengal style
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Chutney Hindi
l a
l i
a.iN
.N a i
a ground or mashed relish
l l a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
Cheetah
a
dd s
a s
Sanskrit uniquely marked
a
dd s
a s
Coir
P
.. Paa
Malayalam rope
P
.. Paa
w
Bamboo
w
w Kannada wood
ww
bandicoot
wwww Telugu
wwww
kind of rat
w
eet Pandal
t Tamil
eet t temporary shelter
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Pitla Telugu
lal i
a.iN
.N young bird.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa
anna Tamil
masala a
Urdus
a aa
s
elder brother
aassaa
mixture of ground spices
dabba
PPaadd
Punjabi
P Padd
a
a roadside food stall or restuarant
ww.. ww..
wwww wwww
avatar Sanskrit descent of a deity from heaven
198
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
C.
.N Idioms. (Pg.No. 173)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Look at the list of idioms given below. Find their meanings from a dictionary. Read
a s
a s a s
a s
the sentences that follow and replace the words in italics with the appropriate idioms,
dd dd
P
.. Paa
making suitable changes wherever necessary.
P
..Paa
ww ww
right up one’s alley – well suited to one’s tastes
wwww wwww
drive one up the wall –annoy or frustrate one
hit the road – set out on a journey
et
e t
eet t
take (one) for a ride –deceive or cheat someone
lalai.iN
.N
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
in panic mode –very strong feeling of anxiety or fear
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a)
aasaa
s as
asaa
The old man got irritated at the loud noise outside. (drove up the wall)
et
b)
P aadd P add
a
We were driving, when it started raining heavily. After stopping for an hour, we began the journey
P P
ww..
again. (hit the road)
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
c) Ramesh gave false excuses for not attending the meeting and deceived me. (took me for a ride)
d) At the interview when questions were fired at me rapidly, I forgot everything and grew irritated.
ai
(was in a panic mood)
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
e)
.N al l a
l ai .iN
I love thrillers and this book appeals to me strongly. (right up my alley)
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa ssaa
LISTENING
a a ACTIVITY
a s
a aa
s
as
D. aadd aadd
Listen to the dialogue read out by the teacher or to the recorded version and answer the
P P P P
w
w ..
questions that follow: (Pg.No. 173)
ww..
wwww wwww
ad
ee t
a) Swarnalayam b) Gitalayam
ee t
c) Chitralayam d) Saranalayam
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
iii)
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Varkala is the oldest port of _________.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a) Quilon
a
dd s
b) Andhra
a s c) Puducherry
a
dd s
a
d) the Andamans
s
iv)
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
Mahesh had been to the ________ Lake Wild Life Sanctuary.
w
READING
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
E.
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. (Pg.No. 174, 175)
assaa aa aa
Answer the following questions.
1. a
dd s
a s ddaass
Labrador retriever was covered with tri-colour. What does this signify?
2. P
..Paa P
.. Paa
How did Casesar save several lives at the CST railway station?
ww ww
3.
wwww wwww
Which word in the third paragraph of the passage means the same as ‘forced’.
199
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN l
three services rendered by Caesar.
a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
4. “Services of retired members of Dog Squad during 26/11 will be unforgettable”. Mention
.N .N
assaa Police force.
aa a s
a aa
s
aa a s
a aa
s
5. Caesar is a Labrador breed of dogs. Name a few other native breeds that are used by the
dd dd
6.
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
ry to rewrite the news item in your mother tongue without losing the spirit and flavour
T
Answer
wwww wwww
of the text. Give a suitable title to your translated version.
1. It signifies that Caesar was given due respect by the government during its funeral Ceremony.
2.
et
e t eet t
He saved several lives by sniffing out the busy CST railway station.
lalai.iN
.N
3.
a i .iN
.N
The word which means the same as ‘forced’ is pressed.
l l a l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa 4.
aasaa
s as
asaa
Caesar took part in bomb detection operations during the terrorist attack on Mumbai in 2008.
et
PPaadd P Padd
He sniffed out the hand grenades and saved the life of many people at CST railway station.
a
ww.. w
w ..
He was also a part of the search team at Nariman house where terrorists were hold up for 3 days.
wwww wwww
.N
5. German Shepherd, Belgian Malinois, Boxers, Doberman Pinscher, Blood hound and Giant Schnauzer.
GRAMMAR
ai
F. Transformation of sentences. (Pg.No. 176)
eet t
(For rules see Text Book Pg. No. 175) eet
6.t Ajay and Tijo went to the canal. They wanted
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Now complete the following:-al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i .iN
.N
to catch some fish.
l a
assaa a. Do as directed.
a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
(into a simple sentence)
as
aadd
1. Dinesh and Prabhu wanted to meet Varsha at
P P P aadd
Ans: Ajay and Tijo went to the canal to catch
P
w
w ..
the bus stop. They went to the bus stop.
ww.. some fish.
wwww
(Change into a compound sentence)
wwww7. He tried his best, but he did not succeed.
ad
ee t
friends waiting for him.
ee t 8. You have to hurry or you will miss the bus
l a
l i
a .iN
.N (Combine into complex sentence)
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a i
a.iN
.N
(Rewrite as simple and complex sentence)
l
assaa aa aa
Ans: When Harsha reached the railwaystation,
w
a s
a s
he saw his friends waiting for him.
dd a
dd s
a s
Ans: Unless you hurry, you will miss the bus.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
In-case of your not hurrying, you will miss the
w
Ans: Inspite of the train being late, she performed all over the world
reached on time.
(rewrite as complex).
4. Hussain and Victor were too young to work in Ans: He is a magician from Mumbai, who has
eet t
the industry.
eet t performed all over the world.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N (change into a compound sentence)
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
10. Though the battle has been won, the war is’nt
assaa aa aa
Ans: Hussain and Victor were very young and
a s
a s
so they could not work in the industry.
dd ddaass
over yet.
5. P
..Paa
On seeing the snake, the dog barked P
.. Paa
(rewrite into compound sentence)
wwww wwww
(as complex sentence)
isn’t over yet.
Ans: When the dog saw the snake, it barked.
200
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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wwww wwww
can work properly, but first the food eaten has
Two kings - ruled-neighbouring kingdoms. King
to be broken down through a process called
Arya - great warrior - looked after - subjects -
digestion so that it can dissolve in the blood
very well - People loved him - looking - their
and carried to all parts of the body.
safety and welfare - all his subjects - very
Ans:
et
e t eet t happy - healthy life - King Vaishal on the
lalai.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
Like all living things, human beings also need
i
food in order to live. Every part of the body l a
l i
a .iN
.N
other hand - very lazy man - spend his time
- entertaining - dancing - ignoring - needs of
assaa aasaa
s
must get a steady supply of food. It can work
as
asaa
developmental - people - His people - angry -
et
aadd
properly. The food has to be broken down.
PP P Padd
anever came out of the palace - listen to their
ww..
This process is called digestion. It can dissolve
w
w .. woes.
wwww wwww
.N
in the blood. It can be carried to all parts of Powerful Sultan attacked - with his strong
the body. army - King Arya’s army - alert - ready -
preparedness - enemy - more powerful - love
WRITING
ai
for King even women and children - come to
(For example see (TB Pg. No. 176)
eet t eet t the war front - fought - protected their King - a
l a
l i
a .iN
Expand the proverbs: (Pg.No. 177)
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Write a short story to explain these proverbs.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
different story - King Vaishal - impending war
- people started fleeing - King all by himself -
assaa s aa
s
1. Actions speaks louder than words.
a a a s
a aa
s
not interested to protect - King - did nothing
as
aadd
Speech is silver. Silence is golden. Action
P P P Paadd
for their welfare.
w
w ..
is diamond. Action is very important than
ww.. King Vaishal - realised his foolishness - too late
wwww wwww
all other things. Some speak well but fail to - defeated in the war and fled for his life - King
ad
execute them. There is no use of the above Arya - defeated the Sultan - people to live in
things without action. Anyone can plan, peace - King Arya - welfare of his people at
everyone can speak but only a few do. Doing heart at all times - subjects - returned his love
is prominent. A popular saying is ‘An ounce - loyal and supportive - during testing times.
t t
.P
ee t ee t
of practice is better than a tones of speech’. Ans:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Action only helps us to evaluate the quality of
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
There were two kings ruling neighbouring
assaa aa aa
our plan. Action without dreaming is useless.
w
.. Paa
Do or die is an old proverb. Do before you die
P P
.. Paa
People loved him for looking after their safety
w
is a new one.
w
w ww and welfare. All the subjects were very happy
2.
wwww
Despair gives courage to a Coward.
wwww and they had healthy life. The other king was
w
Everyone cannot be successful always. Failure King Vaishal who was a very lazy man. He spent
and success are the two sides of a same coin. his time in entertainment and dancing ignoring
Like that we may not be loved by all at all the needs or development of his people. His
eet t eet t
times in the entire situation. Depends on the people were angry with him. The king never
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
needs of people, choose. We should not be
up due to that. Sometimes we may be in a l a
l i
a .iN
.N
came out of his palace to listen to their vows.
assaa aa aa
Once the powerful Sultan attacked the
a
dd s
a s
group. Sometimes we are isolated. It helps us
aass
kingdoms with his strong army. King Arya’s
dd
P
..Paa
to understand our ability and talent. We may
face failure but it’s not the end. Victory is not P
.. Paaarmy was alert and ready with preparedness.
wwww
permanent and failure is an end. We should
not leave our courage and confidence. We wwww due to the love for the king even the women
and children came out to the war front to fight
201
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
and protect the king. In the kingdom of Vaishal it was different story. The people to avoid the
impending war started fleeing the battle field. The king was all alone by himself. People were not
l
assaa dd s
a aa
s a
dd s
a aa
s
interested to protect the king who did nothing for their welfare.
a
King Vaishal then realised his foolishness but it was too late. He was defeated in the war and fled for
aa aa
w P
.. P ww P
..P
his life. King Arya defeated the Sultan and his people lived in peace. King Arya had the welfare of his
w
wwww wwww
people at heart all the time. So his subjects returned his love. They were loyal and supportive during
the testing time.
et
e t
For rules see TB Pg. No. 177
eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l
Modeli
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa
et
1. Name
PPaadd : XXXX
P Padd
a
2. Father’s name
ww.. : Antony.
w
w ..
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.N
3. Age & Date of birth : 10th February 1997, 25 years old
4. Sex : Male
ai
5. Nationality : Indian
eet t
6. Address :
t
YYYY
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
7. Marital status
al l
:
a
l i
a .iN
.Nunmarried
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa s aa
8. Educational qualification : M.A. B.Ed., M.Phil.
a a s a a s
as
S. No Course
P Paadd Institution Studied
P Paadd Board/ University Year of % of
w
w .. ww.. passing marks
wwww wwww
ad
1. S.S.L.C Holy Cross Anglo Indian Anglo Indian Board Mar 2010 92%
School, Tuticorin.
2. H.S.C. Vinayaka Matric. Hr. Sec. State Board Mar 2012 94%
School, Kovilpatti.
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 3. B.A.(Eng)
l a
l a.iN
.N
American College, Madurai. Madurai Kamaraj
i University
l a
l i
a.iN
.N May 2015 90%
assaa aa aa
w
4. M.A (Eng)
a s s
St. Joseph’s College,
dd a a
dd s
a s
Bharathiyar Apr 2017 85%
P
.. Paa Trichy.
P
.. Paa University
w
5.
w
w
B.Ed(Eng) Y.W.C.A. Teacher Training
ww Madras University Apr 2019 87%
wwww College
wwww
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
9. Mother Tongue
lal i
a.iN
.N
: Tamil
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa 10. Interest Sports
Other activities aa a
dd s
a aa
s :
:
aassaa
Basket ball winner in District level.
add
a
Journalism-writing articles to Magazines.
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
11. Experience : Worked as a P.G. Asst (Eng) in S.B.O.A. Matric. Hr. Sec.
School, Madurai for 5 years
202
eet t eet t
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N12. Salary expected
l a
l i
a
:
.iN
.NRs. 12,000/- p.m.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
13. Extra-curricular activities : 1. Passed Hindi Rastrabasha
a
dd s
a s a
dd
2. N.S.S. in school s
a s
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
3. N.C.C. in college
ww ww
wwww 4. A
wwww
ctive part in Oratorical Competitions at school and
college level.
14. Time required to join : Can join immediately.
et
15. Languages known
e t :
eet
Tamil, English and Hindi
t
lalai.iN
.N (Speak and write)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
16. Special Talent : Fluency in English, good knowledge in computer
aass as
as
et
PPaadd Declaration
P Padd
a
ww.. w
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I XXXX hereby declare that all the information given above are true and correct to the best of my
wwww wwww
.N
knowledge.
Place : YYYY
Date: 3rd March, 2023 Yours faithfully,
ai
XXXX.
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
Task 1: You come across an advertisement in the newspaper. A publishing House in Chennai
al i i
has brought out a paperback edition of the complete works of Khuswant Singh. You want to
assaa a s aa
s a s aa
s
buy it. You are asked to send a Demand Draft for Rs. 1000/- Fill in the following DD chalan in
a a
as
Paadd P Paadd
favour of ‘X Publishing House, New Delhi’ payable at Chennai. The surcharge for . 1000/- is
P
w ..
. 25/- (For sample see Text Book Pg. No. 179)
w ww..
wwww wwww
ad
6/6/2018
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.NAnna Nagar
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
6253500171
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
A. JAYA
w
w
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One thousand and twenty five only
wwww wwww
1025/-
w
A. JAYA
A. JAYA
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l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
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a .iN
.N
9487723186
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
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203
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ww
www.Padasalai.Net
ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN l a
l i
a .iN
Task2: Fill in the following forms with imaginary details.
.N .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
2(a)
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
........................ RAILWAY CM257
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RESERVATION/CANCELLATION REQUISITION FORM
wwww
If you are a Medical Practitioner
Please tick ( ) in Box
wwww Dr.
(You could be of help in an emergency)
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e t Train No & Name 6261
e t t
Nilgiris Express Date of journey______________________
___________________
e 20-7-2022
lalai.iN
.N 11-AC
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Class ____________________________
Station from _______________________
Chennai
l a
l a .iN
.N
No of Berth/Seat_______
i 1
To __________________
Coimbatore
assaa saa s aa
Boarding at ______________________ Reservation upto _____________________
aa s
Central
aas Coimbatore
et
PPaadd
Name in Block
P Padd
a
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S.No. letter(not more than 15 Sex(M/F) Age
Concession/TravelAuthority
No.
Choice
if any
wwww wwww
.N
chars)
1. Vivek M 25 Lower/Upper
2. berth
ai
3. Veg./Non-
eet t 4.
eet t veg. Meal for
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 5. al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N Rajdhani/
Shatabdi
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
6. Express Only
a a a a
as
P Paadd P Paadd
w
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CHILDREN BELOW 5 YEARS (FOR WHOM TICKET IS NOT TO BE ISSUED)
wwww wwww
ad
t t
.P
ee t ee t
ONWARD/RETURN JOURNEY DETAILS
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Train No. & Name________________________ Date ________________________
Class ________ Station from:___________________ To________________________
assaa aa aa
w
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
Name of applicant _______________________________________________________
a
Full Address ___________________________________________________________
P Paa P Paa
______________________________________________________________________
.. ..
w
w
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____________________________________________________________________
wwww wwww
Vivek
Signature of the Applicant/Representative
w
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N FOR OFFICE USE ONLY
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
S.No. of Requistion_______________________ PNR No._______________________
assaa s aa
s ssaa
Berth/Seat No._______________ Amount collected _____________________________
aa a
dd a ddaa
_________________________
aa
Signature of Reservation Clerk
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
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204
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
2(b)
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
ww P
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et
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lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
5 4 6 7 8 0 9 1
aass A
as
as J A Y A
et
PPaadd J O H N
P Padd
a
ww.. w
w .. 0 1 0 1 1 9 9 1
wwww wwww
.N
ai
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
Perumalpuran
l a
l i
a .iN
Tirunelveli Post Office,
.N 123456
9-12-20
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 500
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w .. HSC
ww.. 2018 All
wwww SSLC
BERCHMANS
19, RAJ NAGER, TIRUNELVELI
Palayamkottai Tirunelveli
t t
.P
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l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa All
w
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xxxxxxxx
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa X X X X X X X X X X
a
dd s
a s ddaass
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
ww ww
wwww wwww
205
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
2(c)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
wwww Perumalpuram
wwww
12-07-2022
3 5 7 8 0 4 4 9 3 0 9 8 4 1 7 2 3 1 8
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa A. JAYA
aasaa
s as
asaa
26-12-1961
et
PPaadd P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
ai
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
wwww wwww
ad
A. JAYA
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
w
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wwww wwww
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eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
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206
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ww
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wwwcŸsJ.
w mt‹ flîŸ mšy v‹gij ï¡fÉij tÈíW¤J»wJ.
murD« kÅj‹ jh‹.
mâfhu« mtÅl«
mt‹
wwww ne‰W ãwªjt‹
thœªjt‹ ï‹W ïšyhkš nghŒÉL»wh‹. ï¡fÉij ïij bjËthf brhš»wJ.
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa
et
PPaadd P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
ai
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
P Paadd I
P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
wwww wwww
ad
t t
.P
ee t
Let’s talk of graves, of worms, and epitaphs,
ee t eh« fšyiwfŸ, òG¡fŸ, fšyiw fšbt£LfŸ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Make dust our paper, and with rainy eyes
l a
l i
a.iN
.N g‰¿¥ngRnth«
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Write sorrow on the bosom of the earth. k©izna fh»jkh¡», f©fË‹ Ú® brhÇa óÄÆ‹
w
a
dd s
a s
Let’s choose executors and talk of wills.
kh®ã‹
a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa
And yet not so – for what can we bequeath
P
.. Paa
ÛJ e« Jau¤ij vGJnth«
w
e t t
And that small model of the barren earth
e eet t e« Ãy§fŸ k¡fŸ k‰w ahî« nghȧnuh¡»DilaJ
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
Which serves as paste and cover to our bones.
mªj¡fs®
l a
l a .iN
.N
ekJ vG«òfis _oíŸs FiH¡f¥g£l k© cŸs
i
assaa aa aa
For God’s sake let us sit upon the ground
a
dd s
a s
And tell sad stories of the death of kings: ntbwh‹W«
ddaass
Ãykhd á¿a ïl« k‰W« kuz¤ijí« jÉu
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
ek¡F brhªj« vd brhšy ïayhJ.
ww ww
flîË‹ ÃĤj« eh« ï§F Ãy¤âš mk®ªJ
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kǤJ¥nghd
k‹d®fË‹ nrhf¡fijfis¥ ngRnth«.
207
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
How some have been depos’d, some slain in war,
Some haunted by the ghosts they have deposed,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
v›thW áy® mÇaizÆÈUªJ mf‰w¥g£ld® v‹W«,
assaa aa aa
v›thW
a s
a s
Some poisoned by their wives, some sleeping kill’d,
dd a
dd s
a s
áy® j§fŸ kidÉfshš Éõ« it¤J bfhšy¥g£ld®
P
.. Paa
All murdered – for within the hollow crown v‹W«
P
..Paa
áy® ö¡f¤ânyna bfhšy¥g£ld® v‹W« ngRnth«
w
That rounds the mortal temples of a king
w ww
wwww wwww
Keeps Death his court, and there the antic sits, všyhU«
Scoffing his state and grinning at his pomp, v¥gonah bfhiy brŒa¥g£ld®
v›thbwÅš k‹dÇ‹ be‰¿ia R‰¿ it¡f¥g£LŸs
»ßl¤â‹ cŸns kuz« j‹ muritia el¤J»wJ
m§Fjh‹ nfhkhˤjd« mk®¤âU¡»wJ.
et
e t eet t mJ k‹dÅ‹ njr¤ij¡F¿¤J gÇfhr« ngR»wJ.
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i .iN
.N
mtdJ glhnlhg¤ij¥ gh®¤J áÇ¡»wJ
l a
assaa saa
s ssaa
Allowing him a breath, a little scene, vÅD«, xU fzneu ïilbtË¡F xU áW fh£á
aa aa
et
PPaadd
To monarchize, be fear’d, and kill with looks;
P P dd
mu§nfw mDkâ¡f¥gL»wJ
aa
ww..
Infusing him with self and vain conceit,
w
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mt‹, j‹ njr¤â‹ nkš mâfhu« brY¤J»wh‹.
ãwiu m¢r« bfhŸs it¡»wh‹
wwww wwww
As if this flesh which walls about our life
.N
Were brass impregnable; and, humour’d thus, j‹ gh®itÆnyna ãwiu¡bfhš»wh‹
mtD¡FŸns RaK« gad‰w mfªijí« EiH»wJ
jdJ
ai
cÆiu¢R‰¿íŸs ïªj clÈ‹ rij
eet t eet t Vnjh, ã¤jis nghš CLUt KoahjjJ vd v©z«
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N bfhŸs it¡»wJ.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Comes at the last, and with a little pin ïWâahŒ, xU áW Cá mtdJ rijahd nfh£il¢
a s
a s a s
a s
as
Bores through his castle wall, and farewell king! RtÇid
P aadd
Cover your heads, and mock not flesh and blood
P aadd
CLUt, sk‹dnd nghŒ th
P P
w
w ..
With solemn reverence; throw away respect,
ww..
c§fŸ jiyfis t°¤âu§fshš _o rijiaí«
wwww
Tradition, form, and ceremonious duty;
wwww
u¤j¤ijí«
ad
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l
I live with bread like you, feel want,a
l a.iN
For you have but mistook me all this while.
i .N ehD«
l a
l a.iN
.N
ïJ fhW«, Ú§fŸ v‹id jtwhf v©Â tªÔ®fŸ.
i
assaa aa aa
w
a s
a s
Taste grief, need friends – subjected thus,
dd a s s
c§fis¥ nghynt buh£oia rh¥ã£L¤jh‹ thœ»nw‹.
dd a
P
.. Paa
How can you say to me, I am a king?
P
.. Paa
v‹ njitfis cz®»nw‹. Jau¤ij Uá¡»nw‹.
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
nr®ªJ eo¤J ehlf§fŸ vGâ òfœbg‰wh®. ït® 39 ehlf§fisí« 154 Sonnet fisí«,
assaa s aa
s ssaa
ïu©L beL§fÉijfisí« vGâíŸsh®. Dramatic poesy v‹gJ nr¡°ãa® fhy¤âš
a a
dd a addaa
Äfî« ãugykhd totkhf ïUªjJ. ït® eif¢Rit, rǤâu ehlf§fŸ, M»ad
a a
w P
..P ww P
.. P
vGâ jdJ ïy¡»a K¤âiuia mG¤jkhf¥ gâ¤JŸsh®. nr¡°ãa® ïy¡»a¤ij Él
w
wwww wwww
brhšÈš m¿thË v‹W Ék®rf®fŸ TW»‹wd®.
208
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN l a
l
(For Passage see Text Book Pg. 186) i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
A. Fill in the blanks using the words given in the box to complete the summary of the poem:
.N .N
assaa (a) Rebellious
(d) Epitaphs aa a
dd s
a aa
s(b) Graves
(e) Barren- earth
a s aa
s
(c) Worms
aadd a
(f) Slain
(g) Poisoned
ww P
.. P (h) Death
ww P
..P
(i) Impregnable
(j) Pin
(m) Grief
wwww (k) Farewell
(n) Friends
wwww (l) Reverence
(o) King
B. (a) Fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the box and complete the statements
et
e t suitably:- (Pg.No. 186)
eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Ans: (1) hollow (2) antics (3) bequeath (4) impregnable (5) monarchise.
assaa b.
aasaa
s as
asaa
Complete the passage given below with suitable words from box:
et
aadd
(For Passage see Text Book Pg. 187)
PP P Padd
a
Ans:
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
(a) vain (b) conceited (c) Scoffing (d) Ceremonious
(e) sorrow (f) deposed (g) pomp (h) reverence
(i) farewell.
ai
C. From your understanding of the poem, answer the following questions briefly in a sen-
eet t
tence or two. (Pg.No. 187) eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
1..N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
What do the three words, ‘graves, worms and epitaphs,’refer to?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
The three words ,’ graves, worms and epitaphs’ refer to deep sorrow of King Richard II who was
a
as
P P add
captured by rebellious cousin’s Bolingbroke.
a P Paadd
2.
w ..
What does the executor mentioned in the poem do?
w ww..
wwww wwww
The executor mentioned in the poem fulfils our wishes.
ad
t t
.P
4.
ee t
Are all deposed Kings slain by the deposer?
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a.iN
.N
No. All Kings are not slain by the deposer.
i l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
5. What does the crown of rulers stand for?
w
a s
a s
‘The crown of rulers stands for jester.
dd a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
6. What hides within the crown and laughs at the King’s grandeur?
w
w ww
wwww wwww
The ghosts (soul) hides within the crown and laughs at the King’s grandeur.
w
l a
l i
a .iN
9..N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
How does the king establish that he and his subjects are equal in the end?
assaa dd s
a aa
s ddaassaa
In the end, both their needs are common. The king and his subjects need bread to live. They fed
a
wants and taste grief. They need friends. They are equal to other common men.
aa aa
w P
..P w P
..
10. Bring out King Richard’s feeling when he was defeated.
w w P
wwww wwww
King Richard feels distress at the horror of the circumstances. He speaks of death as the final
conqueror.
209
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
D.
i).N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
“ Our lands, our lives and all, are Bolingbroke’s. GMQ, Sep 2020
l a
l i
a .iN
Explain the following lines with reference to the context. (Pg.No. 187)
.N
assaa aadd s
a aa
s
And nothing can we call our own but death
a
Reference: These lines are taken from
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Poem
ww P
.. P The Hollow crown
ww P
..P
Poet wwww William Shakespeare wwww
Context: Here the poet talks about the disowning of King Richard II
Explanation:
et
e t t t
Richard said that they have lost their lands, their lives and all things by Bolingbroke. They have noth-
ee
lalai.iN
.N
ii)
ing except their death.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
“All murdered- for within the hollow crown
aass
That rounds the mortal temples of a king
as
as
et
aadd
Keeps death his court’’
PP P Padd
a
ww..
Reference: These lines are taken from
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
Poem The Hollow crown
Poet William Shakespeare
ai
Context: Here the poet talks about the temporary licence to ‘Monarchise’
eet t
Explanation:
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l
manent. Anytime it may be lost. a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Richard said that the crown is empty in the middle and this shows the power of the ruler is not per-
assaa a s
a aa
s
iii) ‘Comes at the last, and with a little pin a s
a aa
s
as
aadd
Bores through his castle wall and farewell king’
P P P Paadd
w ..
Reference: These lines are taken from
w ww..
Poem
wwww The Hollow crown
wwww
ad
t t
.P
ee t
Explanation:
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l
to him and all his pride forever. i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Death penetrates through the castle walls, silently and unnoticed like a sharp pin, thus bidding death
assaa aa aa
w
a s
a s
IV) “How can yousay to me, I am a king” March 2020
dd a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa
Reference: This line is taken from
P
.. Paa
w
w
w ww
wwww wwww
Poem The Hollow crown
Poet William Shakespeare
w
Context: Here the king Richard II urged his men not to call him a king
Explanation:
eet t t t
King Richard II said that he too needed bread to live, tasted grief and needed friends. So he concluded
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal a.iN
.N
that he was not a king only human, just like the rest of them.
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
v) Lets’ choose executors and talk of wills. Aug 2022
Reference:
a
dd s
a s ddaass
Poem
P
..Paa The Hollow crown
P
.. Paa
Poet ww William Shakespeare ww
wwww wwww
210
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N Explanation:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
King Richard II wants future generation to know how the kings were killed for their power and
assaa a s aa
s a ssaa
royalty. He wants to choose executors who put someone’s will into effect and talk about wills.
aadd a aadd a
P
.. P
E.R.C for slow learners:-
ww tÇfŸw
w P P
. . ÑnH
wwww ia vGjî«. wwww
F¿¥ò: “The Hollow Crown” poem
¤âš ïUªJ vªj bfhL¤jhY«poetic
bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs ERC
Key words:-
(epitaphs bequeath, rainy eyes, deposed, Boling broke, antic, pomp, monarchize, death,
et
e t t t
hollow crown, impregnable, ceremonies, king, mock, bosom, graves, worms)
ee
lalai.iN
.N Context:-
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Poem
saa
s
The Hollow Crown
aa as
asaa
et
Poet
PPaadd
William Shakespeare
P Padd
a
ww..
Explanation:-
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
Richard II is a deposed king, so he is very sad. He thinks about the dead kings. Death has
his court in the king’s crown. A king has limitless power. But he too dies one day. Everyone
is equal before death.
ai
t t t t
Read the poetic lines and answer the question given below.
ee ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l a .iN
1. For you have but mistook me all this while
i .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
a) How is the speaker mistaken by the people March 2019
a s
a s
The speaker is mistaken to be powerful and deathless.
a s
a s
as
P aadd
b) Write the words in alliteration March 2019
P P Paadd
Mistook - me
w
w .. ww..
wwww wwww
ad
2. “Our lands, our lives and all are Bolingbroke’s and nothing can we call our own but death’’.
a) Whom does their lands and lives belong to?
It belongs to Bolingbroke.
t t
.P
ee t
b) What is remaining for them?
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N ‘Death’ is remaining for them.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
211
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N b) What does he talk about?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
He talks about deadly grave and the worms, which are found in the grave and epitaphs.
assaa c)
a s
a aa
s
What is meant by epitaph? June 2019
aadd aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Epitaphs bear the appreciatory words of dead ones and written on the tombs.
d) ww P
.. P ww P
..
Mention the figure of speech used here June 2019
P
wwww
Metaphor wwww
e) What do ‘dust’ and ‘rainy eyes’ refer to?
Dust refers to paper and ‘rainy eyes’ refer to writing instruments.
et
e t f) Where do they write their sorrow?
eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
They write their sorrow on the bosom of the earth
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa 5.
aasaa
s as
asaa
et
Write sorrow on the bosom of the earth
aadd
Let’s choose executors and talk of wills.
PP P Padd
a
ww..
a) What type of feelings does he want to write?
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
He wants to write his melancholic feeling.
b) What does he mean by bosom of the earth?
ai
He means the heart of the people.
6.
eet t And yet not so - for what can we bequeath
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l a .iN
Save our deposed bodies to the ground?
i .N l
a) What is the only thing we bequeath to our descendants March 2020 a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
We bequeath only our decomposed bodies to the ground to our descendants
as
b)
P Paadd
Identify the figure of speech March 2020
P Paadd
w
w ..
Interrogation ww..
wwww wwww
ad
ee t ee
And that small model of the barren earth’’ t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a)
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Pick out the rhyming words in these lines GMQ
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
death, earth
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
b)
P
.. Paa
What is the small model of the barren earth? GMQ
P
.. Paa
w
used in each of the following lines from the poem: (Pg.No. 188)
S.NO Poetic Lines Figure of Speech
eet
1. t eet t
“Let’s talk of graves, of worms, and epitaphs; Metaphor
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
Make dust our paper, and with rainy eyes
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Write sorrow on the bosom of the earth’’.
a
dd s
a s ddaass
2.
P
..Pa
“And yet not so – for what can we bequeath
a
save our deposed bodies to the ground?’’ P
.. Paa Rhetorical Question
ww ww
3.
wwww wwww
“Keeps Death his court, and there the antic sits,…’’ Personification
212
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
4.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
“How can you say to me, I am a king?’’
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Rhetorical Question
assaa s aa s aa
5. “Scoffing his state and grinning at his pomp,…’’ Internal Rhyme
a
dd a s a
dd a s
6.
P
.. Pa P
..Pa
“Bores through his castle wall, and farewell king!’’
a a Personification
ww
(b) Pick out the alliteration from the following lines: ww
wwww wwww
i. “Our lands, our lives, and all, are Boling broke’s,…’’
ii. “And tell Sad Stories of the death of kings:’’
iii. “Comes at the Last, and with A Little pin…’’
et
e t
Paragraph for Toppers (gifted students):
eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Based on your reading of King Richard’s speech / answer the following questions in about
et
PPaadd or
P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
What are the lamentations of King Richard’s in the poem “The Hollow Crown”? Aug- 2022
wwww wwww
.N
1. What are the causes for King Richard’s grief? HY 2019
2. How are eternal truths and wisdom brought to the reader here?
ai
Poem The Hollow Crown
eet t
Poet William Shakespeare
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Theme
al l a
l a .iN
.N
Death brings rationalism into the minds of men
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
The poem is an extract from William Shakespeare’s play King Richard the second. King Richard the
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P P add P P add
second had surrendered to his rebellious deep distress at the horror of his circumstances.
a a
w
w ..
“Let’s talk of graves, of worms, and epitaphs”
ww..
wwww wwww
In that desperate situation, he speaks of graves, worms, epitaphs and things connected with death.
ad
He spoke of how people leave nothing behind and call nothing their own. Except for the small path
of barren-earth where they will be buried.
“Our lands, our lives, and all, are Bolingbroke’s
t t
.P
ee t
And nothing can we call our own but death”.ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Richard yielded to dejection and talked of all different ways in which defeated kings suffer how some
assaa aa aa
w
a s
a s a s
a s
had been deposed, slain in war, poisoned by their wives and so forth.
dd dd
P
.. Paa
“Some haunted by the ghosts they have deposed
P
.. Paa
w
w
w ww
some poisoned by their wives, some sleeping killed”
wwww wwww
He attributed this loss of lives to farewell, who he personified as the jester who catches over the
w
shoulder of every ruler, who mocks kings by allowing them to think their human flesh was like im-
pregnable brass. However Death penetrates through the castle walks, silently and unnoticed like a
sharp pin, thus bidding death to him and all his pride forever.
eet t eet t
Finally, Richard appealed to his soldiers not to mock his mere flesh and blood by showing rev-
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
erence and respect to him. He added that he too needed bread to live felt want, tasted grief and
assaa aa aa
needed friends. He concluded thus, urging his men not to call him a king as he was only human just
like the rest of them. a
dd s
a s ddaass
P
..Paa
“I live with bread like you, feel want, P
.. Paa
ww ww
wwww wwww
Taste grief, need friends, Subjected thus,
How can you say to me I am King?”
213
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Paragraph for Average students:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Poem
Poet
aadd s
a aa
s
The Hollow Crown
a
William Shakespeare
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Theme
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
Death brings rationalism into the minds of men
wwww wwww
Richard II is a deposed king. He is shocked as he has lost everything to his cousin. So he is very sad.
The earth appears to him like a pile of dust. He thinks about the dead kings. He has lost his owner-
ship of everything. This leads to the realization that death is always waiting. Death has his court in
et
e e et
the king’s crown. It laughs at the king from his hollow crown. The king gets shattered when death
t t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l ai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
arrives. But death mocks at the monarch’s temporal power. The mortal power loses its validity with
.N
death. A king has limitless power. But he too dies one day. Everyone is equal before death. Richard II
assaa as aa
s as
asaa
rejects the tradition and respect shown to a king. On losing his power, he learns the valuable lessons
a
et
of life.
PPaaddEveryone is equal in death. P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
Paragraph for Slow learners: (Late bloomers)
ai
Poet William Shakespeare
l a
l i
a .N
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
He is very sad as he has lost everything to his cousin.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa
s aa
s
The earth seems to be a pile of dust.
a a a s
a aa
s
as
aadd
He thinks about the dead kings.
P P P Paadd
w
w ..
Death has his court in the king’s crown.
ww..
wwww wwww
ad
t t
.P
ee t ee t
King Richard told his soldiers not to show respect to him
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
As he was only human just like the rest of them.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
w
w ww
wwww wwww
*****
w
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
214
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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e t
e t ENGLISH
t t
em¤ij jÄœ
e n#‹, brÉÈ
lalai.iN
.N
JACK JILL, Aunt Jane, Nurse
,
l a
l
#h¡,N
i
a .
i . N
Íš,
A«°bl£ CÇš cŸs #h¡ - Íš M»nahÇ‹ la l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa åL, å£oš xU nkir mj‹ nkš avG¤J aa
The lounge of of JACK and JILL’S Villa at New Hampstead.
Ãô
aass ass
et
The essential furniture consists of a table on which are
P aadd
writing materials, and two chairs. As the curtain rises the
P P PaddnghJ,
a
bghU£fŸ, ïu©L eh‰fhÈfŸ, âiu caU«
ww..
lounge is empty, but JACK and JILL come immediately,
ww .
XŒbtL¡F« miw fhÈahf cŸsJ. . #h¡, Íš
wwww wwww ã‹nd m¤ij
.N
followed by AUNT JANE. cŸns tU»wh®fŸ. mt®fË‹
tU»wh®. Jane
ai
Jill : And this is the lounge. Jill : .... m¥òwkh ïJ jh‹ XŒbtL¡Fw ïl«...
eet t eet t
Aunt Jane : Charming! Charming! Such a cosy little Aunt Jane : ãukhj«! ãukhj«! v›tsî á‹d ešy %«
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
room! And such pretty furniture.
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
mnjhl ešy mHfhd nkir, eh‰fhÈ.
assaa s aa s aa
Jack : (modestly) We like it, you know, handy Jack
a a s a a s : (eËdkhf) ïJ v§fS¡F ão¢áU¡F
as
P Paadd
place to sit in and listen to the radiogram.
w
w ..
a car and a piano? ww..
Aunt Jane : Oh, have you got a radiogram as well as Aunt Jane : Ú§f nuonah, fh®, m¤njhl ãahndh
wwww wwww
ïijbašyh« th§»£O§fsh?
ad
Jack : Why, of course, Aunt Jane. You simply Jack : Mkh m¤ij ï¥bgšyh« xU nuonah
must have a radio set nowadays. f©o¥gh bt¢RU¡fQ«.
Jill : And it’s so nice for me when Jack’s away Jill : #h¡ ntiy¡F nghÆ£lh, ïJ nf£f
t t
.P
l a
l i
a .iN
.N while I cook.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iNrikayiw¡FŸs bfh©L tu¢ brhšnt‹
.N
rikaš brŒí« nghJ, nuonah nf£ng‹.
assaa aa aa
w
Jack
a
dd s
a s
: Sit down, Aunt Jane, you must be tired— Jack
and we’ve shown you everything now. a
dd s
a s : c£fhU§f, m¤ij. Ú§f nrh®th ïU¥Õ§f
eh§f v§f åL všyh« R¤â¡ fh£o£nlh«.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
Jill : What do you think of our little nest, Aunt Jill : v§f á‹d T£il¥g¤â v‹d Ãid¡»Ö§f
w
w ww
wwww wwww
Jane? m¤ij.
w
Aunt Jane : I think it’s wonderful, my dears. The Aunt Jane : ïJ buh«g mHfhf ïU¡F., ïªj nkir,
furniture—and the car—and the piano— eh‰fhÈ. m¥òw«. fh®... m¥òwkh ãnahdh,
and the refrigerator and the radio-what’s ãÇ£{, nuonah mJ v‹d...? buh«g
eet t eet
it—it’s wonderful, really wonderful!
t ãukhj«!
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Jack : And we owe it all to you.
lal i
a.iN
.N Jack
l a
l
:
i
a .iN
.N ïJ všyh« v§fS¡F tªjJ c§fshy
jh‹.
assaa a s
a aa
s
Aunt Jane : Yes, Jack, that’s what’s worrying me.
aadd aass
Aunt Jane
add
a
aa : Mkh, #h¡. mJjh‹ vd¡F ftiyah
ïU¡F.
Jack
w P
..P
: Worrying you, Aunt Jane?
w ww P
.. P
Jack : v‹d m¤ij, ftiyah ïU¡fh?
wwww wwww
215
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .
wedding present—it was only two
N
. N
Aunt Jane : Yes. That cheque I gave you for your Aunt Jane
i eh‹ fšahz¤j‹Å¡F : c§fS¡F
m‹gË¥gh, xU br¡ bfhL¤nj‹ ghU§f. la
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd s aa
s
hundred pounds, wasn’t it? I— didn’t
a
put two thousand by mistake?
mJ ïUüW gî©L jh‹! ïšiyah?
eh‹, mJy bu©lhÆu«
aaddaas
gî©L‹D
saa
ww P
.. P vGjiyna!.
ww P P
. . m¥go xU
Jill
wwww
: Why no, Aunt Jane. What on earth made Jill
you think that?
ïšy
wwww
n#‹! v¥go
rªnjf« tªJ¢R?
c§fS¡F:
Aunt Jane : Well, that’s all right. But I still Aunt Jane : guthÆšy, ïU¡f£L«. Mdh, ï‹dK«
don’t altogether understand. This vd¡F x©Q òÇay. ïªj åL, ïJ buh«g
et
e t eet t
house(relieved) —it’s very lovely—but ešyh ïU¡F... Mdh, ïJ¡fhd thlif
lalai.iN
.N
Jack
l l a .iN
.N
doesn’t it cost a great deal for rent?
a i
: Rent? Oh, no, we don’t pay rent. Jack
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
buh«g mâfkh ïU¡Fnk!
thlifah? ïšy.. ïšy.. eh§f thlif
assaa aa aa :
aass as
as bfhL¡»wJ ïšiy.
et
aadd add
a
Aunt Jane : But, Jack, if you don’t pay rent, you’ll Aunt Jane
PP P P
: Mdh #h¡, Ú thlif FL¡fny‹dh,
w ..
get turned out—into the street. And that
w w
w .. c‹ida bjUî¡F jŸËÉ£LUth§fns!
wwww wwww
.N
would never do. You’ve Jill and the baby mJ rÇÆšy. ï¥g, cd¡F Íš, mnjhl xU
to think of now, you know. FHªij.. mij Ú kdRy bt¢R¡fQ«.
Jack : No, no, Aunt Jane. You misunderstood Jack : ïšy.. ïšy.. m¤ij ... Ú§f v‹ida
ai
me. We don’t pay rent because the jtwh òÇŠR¡»£O§f. eh§f thlif
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Aunt Jane : Yours? al l a
l i
a .iN
.N Aunt Jane
l a
l a .iN
.N
v§fSilaJ.
i
c§fnshljh?
assaa aa aa
:
Jill
a s
a s
: Why, yes; you just pay ten pounds and Jill
a s
a s Mkh, g¤J gî©L gz« f£Ldh, ïªj åL
as
:
it’s yours.
P Paadd P Paadd v‹ndhlJ jh‹.
Jack
w
w ..
: You see, Aunt Jane, we realized how Jack
ww.. : ï§f ghU§f m¤ij g¤J gî©L gz«
wwww
uneconomic it is to go on paying rent
wwww f£Ldh, ek¡F brhªjkh, xU å£ilna
ad
year after year, when you can buy th§Fw nghJ, tUrh .. tUr« ... thlif
and enjoy a home of your own for ten f£o¡»£L ïU¡fwJ á¡fdkhdJ. ïšiy
pounds—and a few quarterly payments, ïij eh§f òÇŠá¡»£nlh«. m¤njhl, fhš
t t
.P
ee t ee t
of course. Why be Mr .Tenant when you tUl bjhif f£lQ«. mjh‹ gh®¤nj‹.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N can be Mr. Owner?
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
thlif¡fhudh FoÆU¡fwij Él, Xduh
ïU¡fyhnk!
assaa aa aa
w
a s s
Aunt Jane : I see. Yes, there’s something in that. Aunt Jane
dd a a
dd s
a s: rÇ. mJy Vnjh ïU¡F. ïUªjhY« Ú§f
P
.. Paa
Even so, you must be getting on very
P
.. Paa ešy r«ghâ¢rh¤jh‹ ï¥go xU ïl¤Jy
w
eet t eet t
really. I’m expecting ten this Christmas. »¿°k°y vd¡F g¤J Κȧ r«gs«
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
Aunt Jane : (suddenly) Jack! I’ve just thought of Aunt Jane
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
T£o¤jUth§f.
P
..Paa P
.. Paa c‹ndhlJ jhdh?
Jill
w
: Of course it’s ours.
w ww Jill : Mkh, mJ v‹ndhlJ jh‹.
wwww
Aunt Jane : All yours?
wwww Aunt Jane : všyh fhUkh?
216
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t e t
e t
lalai .iN
.N
Jack : Well, no. Not exactly all.
l a
l i
a .
i N
. NmJ Jack
tªJ, všyh fhU« ïšy.
:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Aunt Jane : How much of it? Aunt Jane
m¥g mJ v›tsî? :
Jill a
dd s
a s
: Oh, I should say the steering wheel— Jill
a as
ddbu©L
c©ikah brhšy¥nghdh, mªj °oaǧ
: s
P
.. Paa
and one of the tyres -- and about two of
P Pa
m¥òw« xU la®. mJy ïU¡»w
áÈ©l®. ï›tsî jh‹ . . a
ww
the cylinders. But don’t you see, that’s
ww v§fS¡F brhªj«.
wwww
the wonderful thing about it. Mdh, mJ
wwww vd¡F bjÇay.
buh«g
Aunt Jane : I don’t see anything wonderful about it. Aunt Jane
ïJy v‹d m‰òj«‹D
m‰òjkhdJ
:
ïšiyah?
Jill : But there is, Aunt Jane. You see, although Jill : dh, mJy xU m‰òj« ïU¡F. ehk xU
M
we could never buy a car outright, we fhiuna th§f Koaiy‹dhY«, mŠR
et
e t eet t
can enjoy all the pleasures of motoring gî©L FL¤jh, mij #hÈah X£lyh«
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
for a mere five pounds down.
.N l a
l i
a .iN
ïšiyah?. .N
assaa saa s aa
Aunt Jane : And the rest by easy instalments, I Aunt Jane
aa s :
aask¤jbjšyh«, Ryg jtizfŸ, v‹W eh‹
et
suppose.
PPaadd P Padd
a
Ãid¡»nw‹.
Jill : Exactly.
ww.. Jill
w
w .. : rÇah brh‹Ü§f.
wwww ww
.N
Aunt Jane : Exactly. And what about the radio-what’s Aunt Jane : rÇ, mªj nuonah v¥go? mJ v‹d! ...
Jack :
it?
Well, that’s the—
w w
Jack
mJ.... mJ..... :
ai
Aunt Jane : And the piano? Aunt Jane : m¥òwkh ãahndh.
Jill
eet t : Well, of course—
eet t Jill : Mkh.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
Aunt Jane : And the furniture?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Aunt Jane :
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
m¥òw«, nkir eh‰fhÈ.
assaa aa aa
Jack : I—I’m afraid so— Jack
a s
a s a s
a s
: Mkh... mJî«, m¥go¤jh‹...
as
Jill
P P add
: Well, no, as a matter of fact, it’s that Jill
a P Paadd : ešyJ. m§f x©Q ïU¡nf ... (vijnah
w
w ..
one. (She points to another.)
ww.. if fh£L»wh®).
wwww wwww
Aunt Jane : And the rest belongs to Mr. Sage, I Aunt Jane : k¤jbjšyh«, İl® nr{¡F brhªjkhdJ
ad
suppose? ïšiyah?
Jill : Er—Yes. Jill : Mkh.
Aunt Jane : Well. I’m not going to sit on Mr. Sage’s Aunt Jane : ešyJ İl® nr{¡F brhªjkhd vânyí«
t t
.P
l a
l i
a .iN
.N instalments come to?
l a
l a.iN
.N
Now, tell me, how much do all these
i l a
l a.iN
.N
ï¥g brhšY§f ïªj bkh¤j jtiz
i
všyh« bkh¤j« v›tsî tUJ?
assaa aa aa
w
Jack
a s
a s
: Well, actually—(He takes out his pocket- Jack
dd a
dd s
a s: mJ tªJ, c©ikÆy.. (mt‹ j‹Dila
P
.. Paa
book and consults it) actually to seven
P
.. Paa r£il¥gh¡bf£ neh£il vL¤J, mij¥
w
pounds eight and eight pence a week. gh®¡»wh‹).. xU thu¤J¡F VG gî©L v£L
w
w ww
wwww wwww
Κȧ, v£L bg‹Å.
w
Aunt Jane : Good heavens! And how much do you Aunt Jane : flîns! Ú v›tsî r«ghâ¡fw?
earn?
Jack : As a matter of fact—er—that is—six Jack : brhšy¥nghdh, tªJ ... MW gî©L.
eet t pounds.
e et t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
. N
Aunt Jane : But that’s absurd ! How can you pay Aunt Jane
M
dh,
seven pounds eight and eight pence out
r«gs¤ij
ïJ buh«g K£lhŸjd« MW gî©L
:
it¤J v¥go VG gî©L v£L la
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Jack
of six pounds?
aa a
dd s
a aa
s Κȧ, v£L bg‹Å flid f£Lå§f?ss
: Oh, that’s easy. You see, all you have to Jack
a
X.. mJ buh«g <Ì, mJy ghU§f.
:
a a
ddm©£a
ek¡F
aa
ww P
..P
do is to borrow the rest of the money for
mâfkh njit¥gLw
w P
gz¤ij
w P
.fh®bghnuõ‹“
. “¤Ç¥£
wwww
the payments from the Thrift and Provi
dence Trust Corporation.
¥buhÉbl‹° w w
ou°£
wwnt©oaJ jh‹.
fldh th§»¡f
y
217
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t e t
e t
lalai .iN
.N
Jill
l a
l i
a . N
. N
: They’re only too glad to loan you any Jill
i m
t§f
amount you like, on note of hand alone.
v›tsî fl‹ nf£lhY«, j®wh§f
:
m§f ¥nuh - neh£ vGâ junt©L«. l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa
s rÇ ïij v¥go âU«ã f£l¥nghÖ§f? ss
Aunt Jane : And how do you purpose to pay that Aunt Jane
back?
aadd :
aadd aa aa
Jack :
ww P
.. P
Oh, that’s easy, too. You just pay it back Jack
w w: P
X, mJî« buh«g <Ì, .mij
. P jtizÆy
wwww
in instalments.
jtizah!w
âU«ã
wwwjdJ jiyÆš ifia
f£lQ«.
Aunt Jane : Instalments! (She claps her hand to her Aunt Jane
(mtŸ :
forehead and sinks back weakly into the it¤J¡ bfh©L eh‰fhÈÆš c£fh®ªJ
chair. Then realises that she is sitting on ÉL»whŸ. ãwF, mJ İl® nr{¡F
et
e t eet t
Mr. Sage’s piece and leaps to her feet brhªjkhdJ v‹gij cz®ªJ clnd
lalai.iN
.N again with a little shriek.)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
my¿¡bfh©L, fhšfshš Fâ¤J jiuÆš
É»whŸ)
assaa Jack
aasaa
s
: Aunt Jane! Is anything the matter? Jack
as
asaa
et
: m¤ij v‹dh¢R? Ú§f gL¤J¡f
aadd
Would you like to lie down?
PP P Padd
a ÉU«òÖ§fsh!
ww.. w
w
Aunt Jane : Lie down? Do you suppose I’m going Aunt Jane.. : ï§nfah?mªj İl® nr{ mšyJ
wwww wwww
.N
to trust myself in a bed that belongs kh®¡° mšyJ °bg‹[®¡F mšyJ ntw
to Mr. Sage, or Marks and Spencer, or ahU¡fhtJ brhªjkhd gL¡ifÆy ÉGªJ
somebody? No, I am going home. »l¥ng‹D Ãid¡»Ö§fsh? ïšy, eh‹
ai
å£L¡F¥ nghnw‹.
Jill
eet t : Oh, must you really go?
eet t Jill : X, Ú§f nghna MfQkh?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
Aunt Jane : I think I’d better.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Aunt Jane :
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
mJjh‹ ešyJ‹D Ãid¡»nw‹.
assaa aa aa
Jack I’ll drive you to the station. Jack
:
a s
a s a
:
s
a seh‹ c§fs v‹ fh®y T£o¡»£L¥ nghÆ
as
P Paadd P Paadd °nlõ‹y ÉLnw‹.
w
w ..
tyre and two thingummies! No thank ww..
Aunt Jane : What! Travel in a car that has only one Aunt Jane : xU la®, bu©L rhkh‹ k£Lnk ïU¡»w
fh®y nghfQkh? ntzh« e‹¿, eh‹
wwww wwww
ad
:
ee t e
really I’m shocked to find the way
e t tU¤j¥gLnw‹. (á¿J tU¤j¤Jl‹) Ú§f
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
(relenting a little) you’re living. I’ve
l a i.iN
.N
FL«g« el¤Jw Éj¤ij gh¤J£L, eh‹
l a
assaa aa aa
w
.. Paa
do the same. (She opens her handbag.)
P P
.. Paa eh‹ ïU¡fy. cldo buh¡f« mJjh‹ v‹
w
w
w
Now look, here’s a little cheque I was
ww bfhŸif Ú§fS« mnj khâÇ ïU¡fQ«D
wwww
meaning to give you, anyway. (She
wwww eh‹ ÉU«gnw‹. (jdJ if¥igia¤
w
hands it to Jill.) Suppose you take it and âwªJ) ï§f ghU§f! c§fS¡fhf eh‹
pay off just one of your bills—so that bfhL¡fQ«D “bt¢RUªj xU á‹d
you can say one thing at least really bjhif¡fhd br¡. (mij ÍšÈl« bfhL¤J
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
jtizia f£o, FiwŠr g£r« xU
rhkhdhtJ c§fS¡F brhªjkhFw khâÇ
assaa s aa
s ssaa brŒå§f‹D Ãid¡»nw‹.
Jill
a a
dd a
: Er—thank you. Aunt Jane. It’s very nice Jill
a add
a aa : tªJ.... e‹¿ m¤ij Ú§f brŠrJ buh«g
P
..P
of you. (awkwardly)
ww ww P
.. P ešyjh ïU¡F.
wwww wwww
Aunt Jane : There! Now I must be going. (patting Aunt Jane rÇ. eh‹ nghfQ« (mtdJ ifia j£o¡
:
her arm) bfhL¡»wh®)
218
eet t eet t
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t e et t
lalai .iN
.N
Jack :
l a
l i
a . N
. N
I’ll see you to the bus, anyway.
i c§fis Jack
tÊaD¥ò»nw‹.
eh‹ g° tiu tªJ
:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Jill
a s
a aa
s
: Good-bye, Aunt Jane—and thanks so Jill
aadd
much for the present.
F£ig m¤ij, c§f m‹gË¥ò¡F e‹¿.
:
et
e t eet t
with a bill which she takes from the bag jghš ciw vL¤J, mj‹nkš, xU
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
and seals the envelope. Then she rings
.N
the bell. In a moment the NURSE comes
l a i
a .iN
.N
Éyhr¤ij vGJ»whŸ. mªj br¡if
ntbwhUtU¡F bga® kh‰w« brŒ»whŸ.
l
assaa saa s aa
in with the baby in her arms.)
aa s aas mªj br¡Fl‹ xU uÓij ïiz¤J mij
et
PPaadd P Padd
a
mªj jghš ciwÆDŸ nghL»whŸ. ãwF
kÂao¡»whŸ. xU brÉÈ xUbehoÆš
ww.. w
w .. m§F ifÆš FHªijíl‹ tU»whŸ.)
wwww wwww
.N
Jill : Oh, nurse. I want you to run and post Jill : X, e®°, clnd Xo¥nghŒ, ïij jghšy
this for me. I’ll look after baby while ngh£L£L th, Ú nghÆ£L âU«ò« tiu, eh‹
you’re gone. FHªijia gh®¤J¡»nw‹.
ai
Nurse : Certainly, madam. (She hands the baby Nurse : f©o¥ghf, nkl« (j‹ ifÆš ïU¡F«
eet t eet
to Jill, takes the letter, and goes.)t FHªijia, mtŸ ÍšÈl« jªJ É£L,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
foj¤ij th§»¡bfh©L ngh»whŸ).
assaa aa aa
Jack : Well, she’s gone! What a tartar! Still, Jack
a s
a s :
a s
a sešyJ m¤ij nghÆ£lh! v‹d xU
as
much was it?
P Paadd
she did leave us a bit on account—how
:
Jack : Phew! That’s great! We can pay off the Jack : X.. mJ buh«g mUik..! ehk, mªj fhU¡F
next two months on the car with (with a mL¤j bu©L khr¤Jy f£l nt©oa
whistle) that. jtiz¡F ïij f£oÉlyh« (Éáš
t t
.P
ee t ee t mo¡»wh‹)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Jill : I—I’m afraid we can’t—
l a
l i
a.iN
.N Jill :
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
ehk mij m¥go brŒa KoahJ.
assaa aa aa
w
Jack
Jill
: Why ever not?
a
dd s
a s Jack
: You see, I—I’ve already sent it off for Jill a
dd
:
s
a s V‹ KoahJ?
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa : ï§f ghU§f, mij ntw x©Q¡fhf
w
something else. Nurse has just gone to bfhL¤J mD¥ã£nl‹. e«k e®° mij
post it.w
w ww
wwww wwww
vL¤J¡»£L jghšy nghl nghÆU¡fh§f.
Jack : Well that’s all right. Who have you sent Jack
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Jill
to do that?
lal i
a.iN
.N
: (nearly in tears) There! Now you’re Jill
l a
l a .iN
.N
brŒí¿ah?
i
(mG« ÃiyÆš) ghU§f! v‹ nky
assaa aa aa
:
a s s
going to be angry with me.
dd a ddaass nfhg¥gLÖ§f!.
Jack
P
..Paa
: I’m not angry! But why waste good Jack
P
.. Paa : eh‹ nfhg¥gly, Mdh, V‹ ï›tsî
w
money on the doctor? Doctors don’t
w ww gz¤ij lh¡lU¡F bfhL¡»Ö§f? lh¡l®
wwww
expect to get paid anyway.
wwww gz« FL¥gh§f‹D vâ®gh®¤J ïU¡f
kh£lh§f.
219
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Jill
understand —
l a
l i
a .
i N
. N
: (sobbing a little) Bu—but you don’t Jill : (á¿J
mG»wh® Mdh.... Mdh.... Ú§f )
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
òÇŠR¡f kh£LÖ§f!
Jack : Understand what?
a
dd s
a s Jack
v‹d òÇŠR¡fy? :
aa
ddcŸsJ.ss
Jill
P Paa ï‹D«... xnu xU jtiz a
: Why; just one more installment and Jill
.. :
P P a
jh‹
. . brhªj«.
ww
BABY’S REALLY OURS!
w w
m¥òw« ïªj FHªij ek¡F
wwww
(She is holding out the infant, a little
pathetically, as we black out.)
wwwwgÇjhgkhf),
(mtŸ, bfhŠr«
vL¤J K‹nd
FHªijia
Ú£o¡fh£L»whŸ. eh«
ïUsil»nwh«)
N t t
eebr£Ç¡ kî©£ MáÇa® F¿¥ò t t
N eerh®ªj ehlf MáÇa®. áªjidfis
lalai.i. N l a
l i
(Cedric Mount)
a .
i
ï§»yhªJ eh£il¢
. N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa avda gyt‰iw gil¤JŸsh®. ïtÇ‹ Xu§f ehlf§fŸ aa
ö©l¡Toa (thoughtful)
gy ehlf§fis vGâíŸsh®. “ Twentieth Century Lullaby”, “To cut a long
aass aas s
et
short story short”, “Nature Abhorsa vacuum”
(satirical)
, ieah©o
P Pa add (witty)
brŒtdthfî«, m¿th®ªjjhfî«
P Paa
ïU¡F«.ddïªj (insightful)
w w. . btË¥gL¤J»‹wJ. mij f©o¡fî« ww. . brŒ»wJ.
ehlf§fŸ thœÉ‹ bghŒikia (admonishing)
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A. Reading Comprehension Questions: (Pg.No. 195)
ai
1. What did Aunt Jane like about Jack’s ‘Little nest’?
eet t t t
Aunt Jane liked Jack’s ‘Little nest’ because it was charming with a cosy little room.
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
2.
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Aunt Jane seemed to think that there was a mistake in the wedding present she had
assaa aa aa
given Jack. Why?
a s
a s a s
a s
Aunt Jane was surprised to find that even though Jack’s Salary was not very high, they lived with all
as
P aadd P aadd
comforts such as a radio, a car and a refrigerator by instalment. She wanted to give them a wedding
P P
w
w ..
gift of 2000 pounds instead of the 20 pounds. ww..
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ad
3. What would make Jack the owner instead of being the tenant?
Jack spent too much of money lavishly. He brought everything on the instalment basis. That would
make Jack the owner instead of being the tenant.
t t
.P
4.
ee t
What sounded absurd to Aunt Jane?
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Paying seven pounds eight and eight pence out of six pounds sounded absurd to Aunt Jane.
assaa aa aa
w
5.
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
How did Jack manage to pay seven pounds eighty and eighty pence out of six pounds?
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
Jack could take a loan or borrow the rest of the money for the payments from the thrift and
w
Aunt Jane was shocked at the way Jack and Jill ran their family. She advised them not to spend
beyond their means.
7.
eet t t t
For what purpose did Aunt Jane wish to use the cheque given by Aunt Jane?
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Jane gave ten pounds to Jill and told them to make at least one article completely theirs, using that
assaa aa aa
money.
8. a
dd s
a s
Just one more instalment and ‘Baby’s really ours!’ ddaass
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
This tells us that the couple spent beyond their means which was ridiculous.
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220
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
B.
.N l a
l a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
Answer the following questions in about a paragraph of 100-150 words each.
i i (Pg.No. 195-196)
assaa 1.
reasons from the play.
aadd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Why is there a double negative in the title: The never – Never Nest? Elucidate with
a
P
.. P P
..P
The title of the play ‘The Never- Never Nest’ has two never in it, ensuring that the nest would never
ww ww
be built. The double negative is emphasizing the impossibility of home The ‘nest’ in the title, literally
wwww wwww
refers to the home of birds. Birds make their home by collecting straws and twigs of various trees.
The nest acts as their temporary home as they do migration with respect to the changing weather
conditions. Also they are not safe, as different animals might attack their nest anytime. The same
is in the case with Jack and Jill. The couple can be attacked by the money – lenders anytime if the
et
e t eet t
instalments are not paid on the designated time.
lalai.iN
.N
2.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Bring out the humorous elements in the play.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa asaa
s as
asaa
“The Never - Never Nest” is a comic one- act play about a young couple. They make full use of the
a
et
PP add P P dd
buy – now – pay – later marketing system. This comedy is very relevant today, because we can buy
a aa
w.. w
w ..
almost anything now on the instalment basis. The author uses the humour elements. When Jane
w
asked about the car, Jill replied that they owned steering wheel of a car and one of the tyres and
wwww wwww
.N
about two of the cylinders belong to them. It means the car does not belong to them. When Jane
was asked to lie down by Jane. She replied that she was going to trust herself in a bed that belong
to Mr.Sage or Marks and Spencer or somebody. Here the author brings out the humour element at
ai
the same time makes Jack realize his mistakes. At the end of the play humour takes on wings, when
e t t e t t
we hear that the couple had their first baby in instalment.
e e
l a
l i
a .iN
3..N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i .iN
.N
How does the play ‘The Never-Never Nest’ expose the harsh reality of modern living?
l a
assaa s aa s aa
Jack and Jill bought each and every luxury of life cheerfully. Jack and Jill believe in buying furniture to
a a s a a s
as
P Paadd P Paadd
house in easy instalments. They have recently purchased a house, a car and furniture in instalments
is higher than his income. Sometimes Jack borrows from money lenders to pay the instalments. Even
w
w .. ww..
they have got their baby in instalment. The couple can be attacked by the money lender anytime if
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the instalments are not paid on the designated time. Such couple would make a nest but they will
ad
never settle happily. Thus the play ‘The Never-Never Nest’ exposes the harsh reality of modern living.
4. Jill said that they owned the steering wheel of a car, one of the tyres, two of the cylin-
ders and leg of the sofa. What does this convey?
t t
.P
ee t ee t
Both Jack and Jill show their instant gratification for luxuries and had bought them on instalments
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a i.iN
.N
without saving any money. Their life is based on buy – now – pay – later marketing system, they are
l a
assaa aa aa
w
not secure at all. Jill said that they owned the steering wheel of a car, one of the tyres, two of the
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
sofa temporarily belong to them. This situation tells that if anytime they would be unable to pay the
P
.. aa P aa
instalments they might have to leave the house, which simply shows the insecurity of the luxuries of
P .. P
w
their life.
w
w ww
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How does the play ‘ The Never-Never Nest’ expose the harsh reality of modern living?
w
OR
Jack and Jill - things in instalments - house on instalment - Aunt Jane visited - preached -
ease and comfort of buying - first baby in instalment June 2019
eet t
Paragraph for Toppers (gifted students): eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Plan of the paragraph:
Introduction a
dd s
a s ddaass
PPaa
Aunt Jane’s Visit
.. P
.. Paa
ww
Aunt Jane’s help ww
Moral
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221
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
Introduction:
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
Cedric Mount is a distinguished playwright of
l l a i
a .iN
doctor. Jack was confused. Jill reminded him that
.N
they had to pay one more instalment to the doctor
l
assaa s aa EMI’s over a longer period of time leads them
s s saa
his age. This short one act play discloses the theme to own their baby.
a
dd a
of purchases on instalments. Such purchases are
aa a add aa to
the middle classes. ww P P
both a boon and bane to the people belonging to
.. w w P
..
never ending debts.P
wwww
Aunt Jane’s Visit:
One day Aunt Jane visited Jack and Jill and
wwwwParagraph for Slow learners: (Late bloom-
ers)
was shocked at their life style. They led a very
luxurious life. She wondered whether she gave them Story The Never-Never Nest
et
e t e
2000 pounds instead of 20 pounds as a wedding
et t Author Cedric Mount
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
gift. Jack’s income was not high. When enquired
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Jack and Jill were couples.
assaa aa aa
about the rent of the house, Jack replied that they They bought their house, car, fridge, furniture
aass
as
as
et
own the house. Though nothing really belonged to
aadd
them, they bought everything on instalment basis.
PP P Padd
a
on instalments. One day Aunt Jane visited
them, she was very happy.
w ..
Jack’s weekly earning was only six pounds. But the
w w
w .. Later she was shocked to learn that everything
wwww wwww
.N
weekly instalment amount to be paid was seven was bought in the instalment scheme.
pounds. She was not happy with their life style.
Aunt Jane’s help: She advised them not to borrow money in life.
ai
When Aunt Jane asked how he could pay Cash down’ was her motto.
e t t e
the instalment with his small income he replied
e et t She gave them 10 pounds as gift to settle their
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l a .iN
.N
that he would borrow money from leading agency.
i
She was shocked by the way they lived. So she
bills.
l a i
a .iN
.N
Jill used that money to pay the doctor.
l
assaa a s aa
s
gave ten pounds to Jill before she left. When Jack
a
s aa
s
Jack was angry with Jill.
a a
as
P Paadd
accompanied Aunt Jane to the bus stop. Jill sent the
P Paadd
Jill reminded him that they had to pay one
w
w ..
amount to Dr. Martin. Jack came back and revealed
ww ..
more instalment to the doctor to own their
baby.
wwww ww
that he wished to pay the two months instalments
ww You can never be happy, if you borrow money.
ad
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Paragraph for Average students: l a
l i
a.iN
Cut one’s coat according to one’s cloth.
.N Questions:
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
i. The speaker says that our income is sufficient
w
Story a
dd s
a s
The Never-Never Nest a
dd s
a s
to meet our needs. Is it true or false? False
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
ii. EMI is the only __________ for people who
w
Theme Look before you leap iii. One is able to buy costly things with ________
power offered by EMI.
Jack and Jill were couple. They bought their house, a) physical b) withstanding
eet t eet
car, refrigerator, furniture, etc, on instalments.
One day Aunt Jane visited them, she was happy. t c) honorary d) monetary
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
She was shocked when she learnt everything was
l a
l a .iN
.N
iv. If people fail to pay EMIs, they may be
i
subjected to _________.
assaa s aa s aa
bought in the instalment scheme. Jack told her
a
dd a s
that the instalment amount exceeded his income.
ddaa s
a) expulsion b) high pressure
c) legal action d) dejection
PPaa
Aunt Jane was not happy with their life style. She
.. P
.. Paa
v. People should learn to spend ________ their
ww
told them not to borrow money in life. Cash down
ww means.
wwww
was her motto. She gave them 10 pounds as gift
wwww
to settle their bills. Jill at once used it to pay the
a) within
c) above
b) beyond
d) beneath
222
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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ee t t eet t
lalai .iN
.N1-3
Q. NO.
Synonyms
l a
l ai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N Marks
assaa aa aa
3
aa ss
dÑnHd bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs eh‹F th®¤ijfËÈUªJPPnaj®ªbjL¤Ja
dd s
a s
F¿¥ò :- SYNONYMS
..P P aa
gFâÆš bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs th¡»a¤âš nfho£l th®¤ij¡F ïizahd
.. a mnj
w w
bghUŸ bfh©l th®¤ijia,
ww
vGjî«.
wlaspwwf;f ghlg[j;jfj;jpYk;/
,g;gFjp tpiw
(Refer T.B.P.No: 4, 5, 38, 70, 108, 142, 170, 171)
Yk;
Ec Loyola Main Book-
wwapYk; cs;s
wwgFjp Prose Antonyms
thh;j;ijfis ed;F goj;Jf; bfhs;st[k;.
gapw;rp bra;J ghh;f;f Ec Loyola gapw;rp g[j;jfj;ij gad;gLj;jt[k;.
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Notes : For further synonyms refer unit I to VI in main
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
10. Some came and perched on her legs.
assaa aa aa
book. a) flew b) sat
aass as
as
c) touched d) played
et
UNIT - 1
PPaadd P Padd
a
11. They covered her with a red shroud.
1.
w..
Grandmother told them of the games she used to
w
play as a child which seemed quite absurd w
w .. a) blanket b) flower
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.N
a) illogical b) reasonable c) cloth d) box
c) inconsistent d) truthful 12. A peaceful pallor spread on her face. Sept 2020
2. Kush want Singh’s grandmother hobbled about the a) dull b) beautiful
ai
house with one hand resting on her waist. c) pale / appearance d) bright
eet t
a) walked unsteadily b) jumbed
eet t
Aug 2022 13. The dilapidated drum and sang of the homecoming
l a
l i
a .iN
.N c) ran quickly
al d) danced
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a
a) improving
.iN
.N
of warriors. June - 2019
b) damaged
assaa aa aa
3. She was like the winterlandscape in the mountains
a s
a s a s
a s
c) connected d) disturbed
as
an expanse of pure white serenity.
a) shrink
P Paadd
b) widespread
P Paadd
14. My grandfather’s portrait hung above the
c) high
w
w .. d) hot
ww.. mantelpiece in the drawing room.
4.
wwww wwww
Her silver locks were scattered, untidily over her a) shelf b) cupboard
ad
t t
.P
5.
ee t e
The common link of friendship was snapped.
e t c) calm d) confusion
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a) cut b) united
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l a.iN
.N
16. We treated it like the fables of the prophets she
i
used to tell us Mar 2020, May 2022
assaa aa aa
c) strengthened d) praised
w
6.
a s
a s
She said her morning prayer in a monotonous
dd a
dd s
a s
a) hymns b) songs
sing - song. March 2023
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa c) storeys d) stories
w
a) boring
w
w b) silly
ww UNIT - 2
wwww
c) interesting d) beautiful
wwww 1. With this princely sum that had been collected, I
w
7. Hundreds of little birds collected round her creating left for US.
a veritable bedlam of chirping. a) great b) small
a) quiet b) musical c) real d) large
eet t
c) noise d) uttering
eet t 2. The coaches consoled me and lauded me on the
l a
l i
a .iN
8.
.N resignation.
lal a.iN
.N
My grandmother accepted her seclusion with
i win.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
a) appreciated b) comforted
a) unity
a s s
b) friendship
dd a ddaass
c) scolded d) blamed
9.
c) isolation
P
..Paa
d) gathering
She fed the sparrows with frivolous rebukes. P
.. Paa
3. The greatest disadvantage for me was my loss of
223
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
4.
.N me.
l a
l i
a .iN
Words of praise and adulation were showered on
.N 5.
l a a .iN
It is because of their antipathy that people forget
i .N
to take medicines.
l
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
a) appreciation b) criticism a) love b) hate
c) denial
aa a
dd a
d) protest
aa a
dd a
c) dislike d) distress
5.
P
.. P
Mary Kom had a strong conviction in her passion
ww ww P
..P
6. I am compelled to produce an evidence of my
wwww wwww
for boxing. Aug - 2022 guilt.
a) struggle b) belief a) proof b) clarity
c) thought d) affinity c) incidence d) doubt
6. A felicitation programme was held. 7. So common is it that I am always reluctant to
a) protest b) congratulation trust a departing visitor. Sep 2020, June 2019
et
e t
c) condolence d) criticism
eet t a) eager b) unwilling
lalai.iN
.N
7.
a i
a .iN
.N
The fight and all that followed are clearly etched in
l l l a
l i
a .iN
c) willing
.N d) anxious
assaa saa s aa
my memory. 8. His loss of memory is really a tribute.
aa s aas
et
a) disappeared
c) imprinted
PPaadd b) vanished
d) removed
P Padd
a
a) confusion
c) criticize
b) blame
d) gift
8. The other Indian ww.. Boxers also w
w
performed .. 9. .......... either he has a memory like a sieve or is an
wwww wwww
.N
exceptionally. audacious perverter of the truth. Mar - 2020
a) normally b) enthusiastically a) great b) bold
c) usually d) especially c) strong d) perfect
ai
9. I was tired and suffering from jet lag. 10. The absent minded man has no time to remember
eet t
a) pleasant b) pleasing
eet t the mediocre
l a
l i
a .iN
.N c) unpleasant
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
d) appreciation a) good
l a
l i
a .iN
.N b) excellent
assaa aa aa
10. They lauded me on the silver win./ The coaches c) ordinary d) extraordinary
a s
a s a s
a s
as
11. A man who does not possess it as eccentric Mar - 2019
lauded me May 2022
a) gifted
P aadd
b) garlanded
P P Paadd
a) strangely / weird b) extraordinary
c) appreciated
w
w ..d) rebuked
ww.. c) enthusiastic d) observable
wwww
11. My medal haul continued after my marriage.
wwww 12. She arrived home with quivering lips.
ad
ee t
a) remembered b) forgotten
ee t to teach him a lesson.
l a
l i
a .iN
.Nc) challenged
l a
l i
a.iN
d) to be praised
.N a) angry
l a
l i
a.iN
.N b) smiling
assaa aa aa
c) calm d) pleasant
w
UNIT - 3
a
dd s
a s a s
a s
14. What was her vexation. March 2023
dd
1.
P
.. Pa
He had a vile meal during the summer.
a P
.. Paa a) pleasure b) happiness
w
a) good b) gentle
c) bad w
w ww c) calm d) irritation / annoyance
wwww
d) nice
2. It is only a methodical man who can always wwww 15. It is the efficiency of human memory that compels
w
my wonder. MDL
remember to take medicines.
a) inability b) ability
a) organised b) disorganised
c) superiority d) inferiority
c) confused d) orderly
3.
eet t eet t
Many people who read it have been astonished at UNIT - 4
l a
l i
a .iN
.N the absent mindedness of others.
lal i
a.iN
.N 1.
l a i .iN
.N
He persuaded me to look into the saleroom.
l a
assaa aa aa
a) quiet b) love
c) surprised
a
dd s
a s
d) worried
ddaas
a) dissuaded
s
c) discouraged
b) encouraged
d) motivated
4.
..Paa
Chemists make their fortunes out of the medicines
P P
.. Paa
2. The talk was running on the critical situation.
people forget.
ww ww
wwww wwww
a) lucky b) huge sum a) praising b) severe
c) business d) trial c) cold d) pathetic
224
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
3.
.N guineas.
l a
l i
a .iN
They have all been modestly started at fifty
.N 2.
graduate.
l a
l a .iN
The society has cradled and nurtured every
i .N
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
a) humbly b) boldly a) ignore b) brought up
c) arrogantly a
dd a
d) interestingly
aa a
dd a
c) suitable
aa
d) gave up
4.
P
.. P
The dealer made a sensational bid.
ww
3.
ww P
..P
It is not an easy task to place appropriate
wwww wwww
a) ordinary b) extraordinary guidelines.
c) amazing d) usual a) proper b) improper
5. A well known dealer electrified the room. c) suitable d) unsuitable
a) dull b) lively 4. Thankful I am for the unique honour conferred on
c) live d) darkened me.
6. et
e t eet t
There was no sound but a curious noise from my a) common b) uncommon
lalai.iN
.N friend.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N c) singular
l a
l i
a .iN
.N d) unusual
assaa saa s aa
a) interesting b) indifferent 5. But only reiterate some of the cardinal
aa s aas
et
c) inquiring
PPaadd
d) disinterested
P P dd
principles. Mar 2020
aa
a) hesitate b) keep calm
7.
a) brave
w..
I nod to the auctioneer like a bloatocrat
w b) comical w
w ..c) restate / repeat d) reassure
wwww wwww
.N
c) intelligent d) aristocrat 6. Universities are repositories of knowledge.
8. My heart stopped, my blood congealed. a) unsafe b) storeroom
a) frozen / thickened b) feared c) unsecure d) secure
ai
c) flow d) caught 7. The eminent scholars were asked to face problems
9.
eet t
The moneylenders talk so glibly
eet t confronting the masses.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a) pleasingly al i
b) awkwardly
l a
l a .iN
.N a) opposing
l a
l i
a .iN
.N b) refusing
assaa aa aa
c) cunningly d) sincerely c) hesitating d) demanding
a s
a s a s
a s
as
8. The role of the university is not cloistered. June - 2019
his friend.
P Paadd
10. He could hear a smothered noise from
aadd
a) open
P P b) free
a) loud
w
w .. b) suppressed
Aug - 2022
ww..
c) secluded d) hidden
c) strange
wwww d) weird
wwww
9. Demands patience and perseverance.
ad
ee t e
12. It is indelibly branded in letters of fire.
e t empty coffer.
l a
l i
a .iN
.Na) healthy b) weak
l a
l i
a.iN
.N a) waste
l a
l i
a.iN
.N b) refill
assaa aa aa
c) rubbed d) removed c) reuse d) use
w
a
dd s
a
13. The surface is worldly guile!. s a
dd s
a s
11. And realize the perils and possibilities. MDL
a) cunning
P
.. Paa b) chasing
P
.. Paa
a) safety b) danger
w
c) rushed
w
w d) trembling
wwc) unsafe d) prevent
wwww
14. A genuine mistake of such kind would have been
wwww
12. I do claim to represent him in all his ruggedness.
w
eet t
15. He was humiliated at the place.
eet t a) false b) correct
l a
l i
a .iN
.Na) disgrace
c) deceitful
b) cheated
lal
d) cunninglyi
a.iN
.N c) nothing
l a
l i
a .iN
.Nd) forward
assaa aa aa
14. I explained the venerable relationship.
a
UNIT - 5
dd s
a s ddaas
a) valueds b) reasonable
1.
PPaa
He was conferred with the highest award of the
.. P
.. Paa
c) expected d) doubtful
land.
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15. The toilers did not enjoy this privilege May 2022
c) adulated wwww
a) granted a title b) blessed
d) promised wwww a) kings
c) leaders
b) bosses
d) workers
225
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lalai .iN
.N UNIT - 6
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 8.
l a i
a .iN
I explained to her the close and venerable
.N
relationship between us
l
assaa aa aa
1. I wonder all the number of things that people do
a
dd s
a s
without any evident difficulty.
a
dd s
a s
a) dignified
c) admirable
b) undignified
d) un respected
a) clear
P
.. Paa b) unknown
P
..
9.
Paa
I tell you how much I ache to suave.
c) unsure
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ww a) polished b) unpolished
2.
wwww
flyer programme.
a) rare b) occasional
wwww
I had recently joined the British Airways frequent c) sophisticated d) awkward
10. I’m afraid its so. I always have catastrophes.
a) fear b) daring
c) continuously d) constant
c) disaster d) collapse
et
3.
e t Awkward actions cause discomfort to us.
eet t 11. I can’t believe this exasperation. Sep - 2020
lalai.iN
.N a) comfort
c) happiness
l a a .iN
.N
b) pleasure
i
d) displeasure
l l a
l i
a .iN
a) irritation
.N b) annoyance
assaa aa aa
c) disturbance d) innocence
4.
ss
Was extravagantly ejected over an area about
aa as
as
et
12. Tin of tobacco rolled across the concourse.
PPaadd
the size of a tennis court.
P Padd
a
a) public building b) excitement
a) excessive
c) wastage
ww.. b) shortage
d) stingy
w
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wwww wwww
.N
5. I amused her for perhaps 20 minutes. 13. I had gashed my finger.
a) bored b) hurt a) great b) vexed
c) entertained d) depressed c) cut deeply d) intense
ai
6. I just sit very quietly 14. I watched documents in a cascade.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N7.
c) silently
al l a
l a .iN
.N
d) chattering
i
This has become a real frustration for me.
c) chose
l a
l i
a .iN
.N d) waterfalls
15. Frowns and increasing consternation.
assaa a) support
a s aa
s
b) satisfaction
a s
a) sure
a a aa
s b) known
as
c) dissatisfaction
P Paadd
d) unusual
PPaadd
c) unknown d) worry
Q. NO.
w
w .. Antonyms ww.. 3 Marks
4-6
wwww wwww
ad
gapw;rpa g[js s
gapw;rp bra;J ghh;f;f
Ec Loyola
aadd a ;jfj;
a a dd
P
- .1 . P P
.. P
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N2.
dress.
lal a.iN
.N
She hobbled about the house in spotless white
i 6.
l a
l a
a) unbroken .iN
.N
She thumped the sagging skins of the drum.
i b) strong
assaa a) hopped
c) unsteady a s
a aa
s
b) steady
aadd
d) bent 7.
add
a aassaa
c) ancient d) damaged
We had to persuade her to stop to avoid
3.
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..P
My grandmother accepted her seclusion.
ww P
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wwww wwww
a) discourage b) encourage
a) isolation b) allotted
c) dissuade d) compel
c) unison d) integrity
226
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
8.
.N a) careless
l a
l
b) careful i
a .iN
We protested but she ignored our protests.
.N 6.
l a i
a .iN
The conviction that I could win.
a) disbelief
l .N b) belief
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
c) avoid d) take notice c) faith d) truth
9.
aa a
dd a
The grains were scattered all over the
a
7.
a a
dd a
There was a victory ride in the city.
place
ww P
.. P Aug - 2022
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..P a) won b) defeat
wwww wwww
a) picked b) distributed c) success d) challenge
c) gathered d) found 8. Don’t look so doleful girls. Mar 2019
10. She was of pure white serenity. a) joyful b) peaceful
a) anxiety b) calm c) doubtful d) powerful
et t
c) quiet
e d) noisy
eet t 9. I accepted the SI post in 2005.
lalai.iN
.N
11. Agreement appears to be omitted.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
a) received
i
c) rejected
b) admitted
d) appreciated
assaa aa aa
a) exchanged b) denied
aass as
as
10. I retained the world title in the Third world
et
c) expanded
PPaadd
d) included
P Padd
a women’s Boxing championship. Sep 2020
a) positively w..
12. The board members walked out in protest.
w b) accept w
w .. a) attained b) distribute
wwww wwww
.N
c) rained d) gave up
c) denied d) pleased
11. I go to office when necessary.
13. The music is dark and monotonous. a) important b) unimportant
ai
a) dull b) interesting c) need d) unnecessary
eet t
c) boring d) pleasing
eet t 12. The other teams had already completed their
l a
l i
a .iN
.Na) spacious al l
b) sultry
l a .iN
14. He sees her often growing in moist areas.
a i .N l
a) needed
a
l i
a .iN
.N
weight in, which is compulsory for all players
b) free June 19, MDL
assaa c) arid
a s
a aa
s
d) greeny s aa
s
c) voluntary / optional
a a d) enjoyable
as
15. She rebuked his studies.
P Paadd P aadd
13. It is probably the must memorable award for me.
P
a) praised
w
w .. b) denied
ww.. a) forgettable
c) confusion
b) remembrance
d) lovable
c) agreeable
wwww d) worried
wwww
ad
l a
l i
a .iN
.N UNIT - 2
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a) ordinary
a.iN
c) compulsory.N b) exceptional
d) necessarily
assaa aa aa
1. With this princely sum, I left for the US.
w
a) huge
a
dd s
a s
b) great
a
dd s
a s UNIT - 3
c) miserly
P
.. Paa d) large
P
.. Pa
1.a His memory is crowded with the name of actors
w
2.
w
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This tournament is open to both amateurs.
ww and actresses.
wwww
a) middle class b) professional
wwww a) filled b) dense
w
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c) gifted d) deserve
eet t c) rare d) particular
l a
l i
a .iN
4..N i.iN
.N
One of the boxers is inferior to others.
lal a 3.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The ordinary man seldom forgets to turn off the
assaa aa aa
a) superior b) exterior lights.
c) interior a
dd s
a s
d) great
ddaass
a) rarely b) often
5.
P
..Paa
They consoled me and lauded me.
P
.. Paa c) never d) hardly
a) appreciated ww b) praise ww 4. It is their antipathy to pills and potions. June 2019
c) scolded
wwww d) encouraged
wwww a) dislike
c) disrespect
b) hate
d) like
227
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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lalai .iN
5.
.N take medicines.
l a
l i
a .iN
It is only a methodical man who remembers to
.N 4.
l
a) poor
a
l i
a .iN
.N
The staff looked so prosperous. MDL
b) charming
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
a) orderly b) systematically c) beautiful d) rich
c) organized
aa a
dd a
d) disorganised
5.
aa a
dd a
I pulled myself together sufficiently to hand my
6.
P
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I am always reluctant to trust a departing vistor.
a) eager
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a) plenty b) enough
c) discouraged d) pleasing c) fully d) insufficiently
7. They are abstracted from the world outside them.
6. There are, it must be admitted some matters
a) inattentive b) attentive Mar 2019
a) replied b) denied
c) closely d) disorganised
c) argued d) accepted
8.
et
e t eet t
The poet’s mind is filled with matter more glorious.
lalai.iN
.N a) worse
c) prominent
l a
l i
a
d) bad
.iN
.N
b) beautiful
7.
l a a .iN
rectified.
l .N
A genuine mistake of such a kind would have been
i
assaa saa
s ssaa
a) real b) original
9.
aa
Man with fallible memories.
aa
et
a) careful
PPaadd
b) careless
P Padd
a c) fake d) true
c) perfect
ww.. d) weak
w
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wwww wwww
a) happy b) serious
.N
10. Men who like great poets, have the genius of
c) gloomy d) cheerful
memory.
a) creativity b) ability 9. It is indelibly branded.
ai
c) expert d) idiot a) removable b) unremovable
c) unclear d) clear
eet t eet t
11. Indignant at her husband’s behaviour, she decided
10. He was thinking of whom to borrow.
l a
l i
a .iN
.Nto teach him a lesson.
a) happy al
b) worried
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a) lend
l a
l i
a .iN
.N b) give up
assaa s aa s aa
c) upset d) angry
a a s a a s
c) carry d) extend
as
P Paadd
12. The family could not survive in any great modern
P P add
11. He was in a very sympathetic condition. / The
a
city.
a) exist
w
w .. b) die
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a) unkind b) kind
c) move
wwww d) prolong
wwww
ad
c) pitiable d) worry
13. She was a prosaic person. a) credible b) genuine
a) dull b) interesting c) dutiful d) sympathetic
c) boring d) daring 12. But how near the surface and ready is worldly
t t
.P
ee t
14. The thought made, her weary.
ee t guile Mar 2020
l a
l i
a .iN
.Na) energetic
c) tired
b) pleasing
d) awesome
l a
l i
a.iN
.N a) hardship
l a
l i
a.iN
.N b) peace
assaa aa aa
c) honesty d) pleasure
w
a
dd s
a s
15. He is an audacious person. June 2019
a
dd s
a s
13. My blood congealed.
a) common
P
.. Paa
b) normal
P
.. Paaa) melt b) frozen
w
wwww UNIT - 4
wwww 14. He was caught in a tight corner.
w
eet t
c) interesting d) charmingly
eet t card, nonchalantty to the clerk. Sep 2020
l a
l i
a .iN
2..N la i.iN
.N
They had all been modestly started at fifty guineas.
l a l a
l i
a .iN
a) concerned
.N b) surprised
assaa aa aa
c) motivated d) forced
a) humbly
c) simply
dd s
b) purely
a a s
d) boastfully
ddaass UNIT - 5
3.
P
..Paa
He persuaded me to look into the room.
P
.. Pa
1.a I do represent him in all ruggedness. Aug 2022
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wwww wwww
a) encourage b) dissuade a) timidity b) honesty
c) discourage d) stressed c) strength d) regularity
228
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
2.
.N before them.
l a
l i
a .iN
It is not easy task to place appropriate guidelines
.N a) rough
l
c) weak
a
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a .iN
.N b) soft
d) thin Sep 2020
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
a) correct b) proper
c) improper
aa a
dd a d) incorrect
aa a
15. _____ for you are adequately equipped.
dd a
a) provided b) stripped
May 2022
3.
P
.. P
________ but only reiterate some of the cardinal
principles. ww ww P
..P c) supplied d) attached
a) check
c) reset
wwww b) renew
d) take back
wwww 16. It requires individual responsibility.
a) classical b) personal
4. Wisdom and service have got a prominent place. c) collective d) modern
a) noticeable b) remarkable UNIT - 6
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e t
c) depressed d) obvious
eet t
lalai.iN
.N
5.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Society has got a right to expect an adequate
1.
l a
l a .iN
.N
She was happy that her fear Vanished Aug 2022
i
a) disappeared b) appeared
assaa aa aa
return from you.
aass as
as
c) proved d) concluded
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a) sufficient b) insufficient
c) suitable
PPaaddd) improper
P
2.
Padd
a We admire friends and strangers who are elegant
6.
ww..
Whatever the regrets some might have it in his
w
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a) appreciate b) condemn
wwww wwww
.N
point of view. c) depreciate d) hate
a) sorry b) worry
3. Others do without any evident difficulty.
c) disturbance d) happiness
a) clear b) careful
ai
7. We have eschewed monarchy and autocracy. c) secret d) noticeable
eet t
a) avoid b) give up
eet t 4. I am constantly filled with wonder.
l a
l i
a .iN
8..N c) embrace
al
d) deny
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The eminent scholars asked to face the problems.
l a
l i
a .iN
a) continually
.N b) rarely
assaa aa aa
c) frequently d) always
a) outstanding
a s
a s
b) superior
a s
a s
as
5. The contents were extravagantly ejected over
c) inferior
P Paadd
d) extravagant
P Paadd
large area.
9. ________ but
w
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demands patience and
ww.. a) plentiful b) economical
wwww
perseverance, faith and confidence.
wwww c) wastage d) excess
ad
t t
.P
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responsibilities.
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l a
l i
a .iN
.Na) acquired
c) artificial
b) natural
l a
l i
a
d) unnatural.iN
.N lady.
l a i
a.iN
a) beautiful
l .N b) pleasing
assaa aa aa
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appreciation.
dd s
a s
11. We can develop the true spirit of democracy,
a 8. a
dd s
a s
c) enchanting d) ugly
I amused her for 20 minutes with a scattering of
P
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b) disregard
P
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12. Unless you replenish it richly, you will find an c) sprinkle d) wavering
w
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13. Society has got a right to expect an adequate 10. As if I just experienced an extremely localised
l a
l i
a .iN
.Nreturn from you.
lal i
a.iN
.N event.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
a) suitable b) sufficient a) sharply b) mildly
c) insufficient
a s
a s
d) scarcity
dd ddaass
c) severely d) acutely
P aa
14. Even people with optimism / robust will be
..P P
.. Paa
11. The discrepancy about the crests put me on my
discouraged.
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a) hopeless
c) pessimism wwww b) hopeful
d) confidence wwww a) originality
c) functionality
b) similarity
d) triviality
229
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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lalai .iN not anger or exasperation. MDL
l a
l i
a .iN
12. My wife looked at me with an expression of wonder
.N .N l a
l
a) noisilyi
a .iN
14. There was a lot of disturbance in his travel.
.N b) calm
assaa a) excitement
c) enjoyment
aadd s
a aa
s
b) calmness
a
d) exultation
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
c) upset
15. He dropped back abruptly.
d) storm
P
.. P
13. His actions were venerable.
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a) honourable
wwww
c) dishonourable
b) respectable
d) thoughtful wwww c) slowly d) softly
eet
F¿¥ò t :- eet t
lalai.iN
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fg;gl;Ls;s RUf;fj;jpw;F rhpahd tphpthf;
l a i .fiN Nj bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s 4 tpilfspypUe;J lalai.iN
j;.i .N
assaa s a a gFjpapy; cs;s s aa
njh; e b
; jLj; J vGj ntz; L k; .
,g;gFjp tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f a a g[js a[k; a a s
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;jfj;jpy;
text prose vocabulary part Ec Loyola
main Booky; cs;s
gapw;rp bra;J ghh;f;fww . . gapw;rp g[j;jfj;ij gad;gLj;jt[k;.
Abbreviation / Acronyms
Ec Loyola ww..
wwP.No. : 39) wwww
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Abbreviation ww(TB
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It is a group of letters coined from the initial letters of an expansion.
ADDITIONAL
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
ABBREVIATION
BPO
EXPANSION
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Business Process Outsourcing
SAT
l a
l i
a.iN
.N Scholastic Aptitude Test (Am. Eng)
Standard Assessment Test (Br. Eng)
assaa aa aa
w
KPO
a s
a s
Knowledge Process Outsourcing
dd
CA
a
dd s
a s Chartered Accountant
B.Tech
aa
Bachelor Of Technology
P
.. P P
.. Paa TRB Teachers Recruitment Board
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MBBS
w
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Bachelor Of Medicine And Bachelor
ww TET Teacher Eligibility Test
wwww
Of Surgery
wwww BBC British Broadcasting Corporation
w
SSLC Secondary School Leaving AICTE All India Council For Technical
Certificate Education
HSC Higher Secondary Course AIIMS All India Institute Of Medical
eet
SBIt State Bank Of India
eet t Sciences
l a
l i
a .iN
.N IOB Indian Overseas Bank
lal i
a.iN
.N BCCI
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Board Of Control For Cricket In
assaa aa aa India
RBI
RRB a
dd s
Reserve Bank Of India
a s
Railway Recruitment Board
ddaass
BSNL Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
SSC P
..Paa
Staff Selection Commission P
.. Paa ICC International Cricket Council
ww ww
wwww wwww
CAT Common Admission Test / Career CBSE Central Board Of Secondary
and Aptitude Test May 2022 Education
230
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aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
DTH Direct To Home
l a
l i
a .iN
.N AIDS
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Acquired Immuno Deficiency
Syndrome
assaa aa aa
DVD Digital Versatile Disc
HIV
a s
a s
Human Immune-Deficiency Virus
dd a
SIM
dd s
a s Subscriber’s Identity Module
IPC
P Paa
Indian Penal Code
.. P
..Paa
RADAR Radio Detection And Ranging
ISRO ww
Indian Space Research ww MNC Multi-National Company
LPG
wwww
Organization
Liquified Petroleum Gas
wwww NLC
OPEC
Neyveli Lignite Corporation
Organisation Of Petroleum
Exporting Countries
NCERT National Council Of Educational
Research And Training PAN Permanent Account Number
et
e
UGC t ee
University Grants Commissiont t SAARC South Asian Association For
lalai.iN
.N
UPS
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Uninterrupted Power Supply
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Regional Co-Operation
assaa aa aa
NET National Eligibility Test
WWW
s
World Wide Web
aa s as
as
et
TOEFL Test Of English as a Foreign
BITS
aadd
Birla Institute Of Technology And
PP P Padd
a Language
w..
Science
w w
w .. VAT Value Added Tax
wwww wwww
.N
IIT Indian Institute Of Technology NSS National Service Scheme
HDTV High Definition Television UDRS Umpire Decision Review System
NIT National Institute Of Technology CID Criminal Investigation Department
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HUDCO Housing And Urban Development IPS Indian Police Service
eet t Corporation
eet t PTA Parent Teacher Association
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
IGNOU
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Indira Gandhi National Open PTI
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Press Trust Of India
a s
a s PRO
a s
a s Public Relations Officer
as
INSAT
P P add
Indian National Satellite
a P Paadd
NABARD
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National Bank For Agricultural And
Rural Development
ww..
1. Choose the correct expansion of CAD Sep 2020
wwww wwww
a) Computer Aided Designing
ad
l a
l i
a .iN
NGO
.N
RAM
l
Random Access Memory
a
l i
a.iN
Non-Governmental Organization
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
b) Ministry of Human Resource Development
assaa aa aa
c) Member of Housing Rural Development
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ROM
a s
Read Only Memory
dd a s a
dd s
a s
d) Metro Highways and Railways Department
CPU
.. Paa
Central Processing Unit
P P
3.
.. PaaChoose the correct expansion of HDTV
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VISCOM
w
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Visual Communication
ww a) High Definition Television Mar 2019
US/USA
wwww
United States Of America
wwww b) Heavy Dielectric Television
w
e
WHO
et t World Health Organization
eet t a) Goods and Service Trade MDL, Aug 2022
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
ILO
la i
a.iN
.N
International Labour Organization
l l a
l i
a .iN
b) Goods and Savings Term
.N
c) Goods and Service Tax
assaa s aa s aa
d) Good Social Tax
WTO
dd a s
World Trade Organization
a 5.
ddaa s
Choose the correct expansion BCCI March 2020
UNICEF
..Paa
United Nations Children’s Fund
P
(Formerly ‘United Nations P
.. Paa a) Board of Council for Cricket in India
ww ww b) Board of Cricket Control in India
wwww wwww
International Children’s Emergency
C) Board of Cricket Council in India
Fund’)
d) Board of Control for Cricket in India
231
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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lalai .iN
6.
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
Choose the correct expansion of the abbreviation ‘CAT’ May 2022
i
a) Career and Aptitude Test / Common Admission Test
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
b) Competitive Aptitude Test
assaa a
c) Capital Aptitude Test
aadd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
sd) Central law and Aptitude Test
Exercise :-
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
wwww wwww
1. Choose the correct expansion of CCTV
a) Charged Channel Television b) Closed Channel Television
c) Closed - Circuit Television d) Checked - Circuit Television
2. Choose the correct expansion of KPO
et
e t a) Kinetic Potential Output
eet t b) Knowledge Process Outsourcing
lalai.iN
.N
3.
c) Keen Programme Observation
l a
l i
a
Choose the correct expansion of PIN.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
d) Knowledge Performance Outcome
i
assaa a) Postal Index Number
aasaa
s as
asaa
b) Permanent Index Number
et
aa
c) Postal Indian Number
PP dd add
a
d) Postal Indian Nadu.
P P
4.
ww..
Choose the correct expansion of OPAC
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
a) Online Public Action Catalogue b) Online Public Access Centre
c) Online Private Access Catalogue d) Online Public Access Catalogue
5. Choose the correct expansion BBC
ai
a) British Busy Corporation b) British Broadcasting Corporation
g;gw
l;w w w
k;.
thh;j;ijfspw
my;yJ bfhLf;
yw
wfw Ls;s
ww
f;F bghUj;jkhd thh;j;ijia
combination- w w bfhLf; fg;gl;Ls;s 4
ad
e e t e e t
gapw;rp bra;J ghh;f;f Ec Loyola Practice Book ia gad;gLj;jt[k;.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a i
a.iN
.N
Compound Word (Text Book Pg.: 6)
l l l a
l i
a.iN.N
a a aa aa
w
s
a s adjective(
bga® cÇ¢ brhš a ass
ddth®¤ijia cUth¡FtJ
) or an adverb (
Éid cÇ¢ brhš x‹W mšyJ
bga®brhš
). (
x‹¿‰F
ddaas
nk‰g£l s
Compound words are a unit of two or more words. Generally, it is used as a noun ( ) an
S.No Noun + Noun S.No Noun + Verb S.No Noun + Adjective S.No Noun + Gerund
1 School girl 1 Sunrise 1 Duty-free 1 Air-conditioning
eet
2 t School boy 2 Headache
eet t 2 Home-sick 2 Eve-teasing
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 3 Head master 3
i.iN
.N
Heart attack
lal a 3 Lifelong
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 3 Bird-watching
assaa s aa s aa
4 Police station 4 Power play 4 Navy blue 4 Book binding
5 Ice cream a
dd5a s Baby sit 5
ddaa s
World famous 5 Sight seeing
6 Kitchen garden
P
..Paa 6 Bus stand
P
..
6
Paa
Skin deep 6 House keeping
ww ww
wwww wwww
7 Radio station 7 Sunset 7 Milk sweet 7 Mud-slinging
8 Book worm 8 Hair cut 8 World wide 8 Nerve-racking
232
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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lalai .iN
.N
9 Honey moon 9
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Earthquake 9 March fast
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 9 Watch-making
assaa aa aa
10 Room service 10 Milkshake 10 Praiseworthy 10 Home-coming
11 Wonder land 11
a
dd s
a s Day break 11
a s
a s
Page wise
dd 11 Day dreaming
12 Tea shop
P
.. Paa
12 Waterfall 12
P
..Paa
Knee deep 12 Match fixing
13 Bed time
ww 13 Book-post 13
ww henpecked 13 Dress making
14
15
wwww
Honey-bee
Dream world
14
15
Time pass
Cat walk
wwww
14
15
jet black
snow white
14
15
Eveteasing
Seasurfing
S.No Gerund + Noun S.No Verb + Noun S.No Verb + Gerund S.No Preposition + Noun
1
et
e tWashing machine 1
eet
Showroom
t 1 Call – waiting 1 Uphill
lalai.iN
.N
2 Dancing bird 2
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Call taxi 2
i .iN
Care – taking
l a
l a .N 2 Upstream
assaa aa aa
3 Swimming pool 3 Dare devil 3 Note – making 3 Downhill
aass as
as
et
4
5
Walking stick
Dining table
PPaadd 4
5
Watchman
Cease –fire
4
5
P Padd
Note - taking
a
Type – setting
4
5
Down stream
Overcoat
6 Working day
ww.. 6 Throw ball
w
w
6 .. Get – going 6 Undertake
wwww wwww
.N
7 Browsing centre 7 Suitcase 7 Wash - drawing 7 Over power
8 Booking clerk 8 Bathroom 8 Sleep – walking 8 Outdoor
9 Visiting card 9 Playground 9 Snow – jumping 9 Inbox
ai
10 Fishing rod 10 Workload 10 Match – m aking 10 Backfire
11
eet t
Dressing room 11
eet
Post officet 11 Type – writing 11 Over confidence
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
12 Smiling face al 12
l a
l i .iN
.N
Watch maker
a 12
a
Vote counting
l l i
a .iN
.N 12 Down stream
assaa s aa s aa
13 Jogging time 13 Wonderland 13 Coin collecting 13 To night
a a s a a s
as
P Paadd 14 Rest room 14
P Paadd
Clean shaving 14 overnight
w
w
Preposition + .. ww.. Adjective + Adjective +
wwww wwww
S.No S.No Preposition + Verb S.No S.No
Gerund Verb Gerund
ad
4
ee t
Out going 4 Input
ee t 4 Free hit 4 Easy – going
l a
l i
a .iN
5
6.N Incoming
Overwhelming
5
6
l a
l a.iN
Output
i
Outpost.N 5
6
Safeguard
l a
l i
a
Hardcover.iN
.N 5
6
Hot selling
Free – living
assaa aa aa
w
7 Upcoming 7
ddaass Outlook 7
a
dd s s
Big bang
a 7 Hard – hitting
8 Backpacking
P
.. Pa
8
a Intake
P
..
8
Paa White hope 8 Dry washing
w
l a
l i
a .iN
4.N Free bird
lal i
a.iN
.N
2. Down + to + earth
l a
l i
a .iN
6. Well – to –do
.N red handed
assaa aa aa
Adj + pre + noun Adj; + pre + noun adverb + verb
5
6
Hot seat
Freehand a
dd s
a s
3. Day –to – day
ddaass
7. Stand – at – ease
over throw
7 Greenhouse
P
..Paa Noun + pre + noun
P
.. PaaVerb + pre + noun
upset
8 White collar
ww ww
wwww wwww
4. Happy – go –lucky
9 Blue bottle
Adj + verb + adj
10 Fast food
233
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
I. Govt Exam Questions :-
.N
1.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Choose the word that can be added after ‘bee’ to
Example :-
1.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Choose the word that can be added after ‘moon’
wwww wwww
2. Choose the word that can be added after ‘key’ to 2. Choose the word that can be added after child to
form a compound word. June 2019 form a compound word.
a) note b) lock a) ship b) law
c) board d) hole c) hood d) game
3. Choose the word from the options given toform a 3. Choose the word that can be added before load to
et
e t compound word with ‘toll’ MDL, Aug 2022
eet t form a compound word.
lalai.iN
.N a) Plaza / gate b) late
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a) light
a .iN
.N b) over
assaa aa aa
c) proof d) wheel c) car d) gentle
aass as
as
et
4. Choose the word from the options given below to
4.
PP dd
Choose the correct combination for the compound
aa
word ‘over throw’ Sept 2020
P Padd
a form a compound word with ‘bee’
ww
a) adjective + Verb.. b) Adverb + Noun
w
w .. a) piece b) lash
wwww wwww
.N
c) Adverb + Verb d) Adjective + Noun c) gate d) hive
5. Choose the suitable option to pair it with the word 5. Choose the word that can be added before ever to
‘mantel’ to form a compound word. March 2019 form a compound word.
ai
a) cover b) cloth a) speak b ) how
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
6.
al i .iN
.N
Choose the word that can be added after ‘good’ to
l a
l a
6.
l a a .iN
.N
Choose the word that can be added after ‘white’
i
to form a compound word.
l
assaa aa aa
form a compound word. March 2020
a) Sense b ) time
aass a s
a s
a) wash b ) light
as
c) form
aa
d) will
P P dd PPaadd c) line d) shake
Q. NO.: 9
w
w . . and suffixes [P.No.7,39] ww. .
Prefixes 1 Mark
wwww wwww
ad
F¿¥ò :-
bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thh;j;ijf;F bghUj;jkhd prefix my;yJ suffix I bjhpt[bra;J bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s
thh;j;ijfnshL nrh;j;J vGj ntz;Lk;.
t t
.P
e e t e t
,g;gFjp tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f text g[j;jfj;jpy; prose gFjpapy; cs;s vocabulary a[k; Ec Loyola main
e
l a
l i
a .iN
.Ngapw;rp bra;J ghh;f;f
y; cs;
Book s Ia[ k
word ; ed; w hf goj; J f; bfhs;
gapw;rp g[j;jfj;ija
Ec Loyola
l
s
l
t[
a i
k
gad;
.
;
.iN
.gLj;Njt[k;. l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
dd a a s s ddaass
A prefix is a letter or a group of letters which is added to the beginning of a root word in order to modify it.
PP a a
Usually, the new word formed is the opposite of the given word.
. . K‹dhš áW mirfis ïiz¥gjhš w P
.. Paa
w
w
(bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs th®¤ij¡F
w w Prefix
c©lhF»wJ)
wwww
Ex: in – audible = inaudible
wwww
w
In the word ‘constantly’. Here the suffix –ly is added to the root word ‘constant’.
A suffix is a letter or a group of letters added to the end of a root word. By adding suffixes, the grammatical
function of the word changes.
eet t e t t
bfhL¡f¥g£l th®¤ij¡F ã‹dhš áW mirfis ïiz¥gjhš suffix c©lhF»wJ)
e
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
Ex: constant –ly = constantly, accident - accidental MDL
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Words formed with the help of Prefixes and unhappy, uneasy, unavoidable, unequal, untouchable,
suffixes a
dd s
a s ddaass
unknown, unbeatable, untidy
P
..Paa
a: atheist, aglow, aback, abase
P
.. Paa
contra: contraindicate, untidy, contradiction, contrary,
ww
un: uninhabited, unpopular, unused, unusual,
ww
wwww wwww
contrast, countersign.
unemployment, unfortunate, unimportant, unlawful,
micro: microorganism, microbiology, microteaching.
uneducated, unimaginable, unconscious, unpleasant,
234
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN l a
l i
a .iN
counter: counteract, counterclockwise, counterpart.
.N .N
Dia: Dialogue, Diameter, diagnose, diagram, dialect,
l a
l i
a .iN
auto- autocrat, automobile, autograph, automatic,
.N
autobiography, auto-cycle.
assaa dialysis.
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Fore: foretell, forecast, forearm, forbear, forego,
aa a s
a aa
s
over- overdraft, overdo, overflow, overestimate, overall,
dd
overthrow, overbridge.
w P
.. P
forehead, forenoon, foresee, foresight.
w ww P
..P
under- undertake, understand, underestimate, undergo,
wwww
Pro: Pronoun, Programme, prolong
employ: employment, employee, employer, unemployed
wwww undetermine, underline, underscore, underground.
anti- anti-element, antiseptic, antibiotic, antidote, anti-
dis: disarm, disown, disorder, disconnect, disagree, clock, antilog, anticlimax.
disunity, disappoint, disloyal, dislike, discomfort, disobey,
et
e t eet t
dishonest, disclose, discharge, disappear, disobedient
sub- sub-title, sub-ordinate, sub-collector, sub-inspector,
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
mis: misunderstand, mistake, misuse, mismanage,.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
sub-junior, sub-merge, sub-marine, sub-station.
assaa aa aa
vice- vice-chancellor, vice-principal, vice-president, vice-
aass
misfortune, mislead, misguide, mischief.
as
as
chairman, vice-captain.
et
PPa dd
il: illegal, illiterate, illegitimate
a P Padd
a
ir- irregualr, irrelevant, irrational, irresponsible, irrespect
ww..
en- enjoy, engagement, enlist, enable, enligthen.
w
w ..
wwww wwww
ex- ex-minister, ex-chairman, ex-MLA, ex-president,
.N
in- inact, inconvenience, inform, inequal, indirect,
expose.
invaluable, input, infinite, indudible, inqctive
poly- polyclinic, poly-technic, poly-wood, polythene.
re- rejoin, remember, re-write, recalculate, return,
ai
revalue, re-appear, refund, recall, rearrange, reassure, ment- movement, engagement, government,
eet t
rewind, recast, repaid, reaction, recycle.
eet t appointment, imprisonment, improvement, development,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
im-immobile, immeasurable, immodest, impossible, .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
adjustment, judgement, management
assaa s aa s aa
ish- childish, boyish, girlish, feverish, bookish, greenish
a a s
immortal, import, immovable, immoral, impatient,
a a s
as
impure, impolite.
P Paadd P Paadd
dom- kingdom, dukedom, freedom, martyrdom.
w
w ..
bi- bicycle, binocular, bisect, bi-colour.
ww..
en- tighten, fasten, strengthen, lengthen, shorten,
wwww
tri- triangle, tricycle, tricolour.
wwww fallen, hasten, loosen, broken.
ad
de- degrade, delink, defeat, devalue, dethrone, depart, tion: reception, collection, distribution, prevention,
deworm, decode, detest. promotion, cooperation, preparation, selection, action,
Pre-preposition, precaution, prepone, preuniversity, foundation, inspection, narration
t t
.P
l a
l i
a .iN
pre-degree, preset, prefix
.N
uni: uniform, unilateral, unicorn.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a i
a.iN
.N
peaceful, powerful, meaningful, useful, cheerful, lawful,
l
assaa aa aa
w
a s
a s
hyper: hypersensitive, hyperactive, hypertension
dd a
dd s
a s
successful, youthful, careful, beautiful, colourful
P Paa
non- non-vegetarian, non-existence, non-cooperation,
.. P
.. Paa
hood- boyhood, child-hood, manhood, brotherhood
w
w
w
non-sense, non-violence, non-stop, non-detail. ww ity- regularity, sensitivity, relativity, activity, possibility,
wwww
out- outcome, outpost, outgoing, outside, outstation, wwww ability, creativity, nobility, originality, superiority,
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
inter- inter-com, intermediate, interspace, inter-school,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
ship: scholarship, friendship, relationship, fellowship,
assaa aa aa
internet, interpol.
a
dd s
a s
Post- Postgraduate, Post-operation, Postwar, Post- a ss
township.
dd a
P
..Pa
meridian, Post-mortem, Postpone.a P
.. Paa
able- movable, capable, tolerable, reachable, bearable,
ww ww washable,
wwww wwww
fore- fore-see, fore-warn, foretell, fore-arm, forefront,
forefathers, fore-runner, forecast.
ance- performance, maintenance, importance
235
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
Govt. Exam Questions :-
1..N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Form a new word by adding a suitable prefix to the
8.
l a i
a .iN
.N
Form a new word by adding suitable prefix to the
word ‘audible’ MDL
l
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
a) in b) re c) un d) de
base word ‘tidy’ May 2022
a) ir b) in
aa a
dd a
c) dis d) un
aa
9. a
dd a
Form a new word by adding a suitable prefix to the
2.
ww P
.. P
Form a new word by adding a suitable prefix to the
ww P
..P base word ‘obedient’ Aug 2022
wwww wwww
base - word ‘animate’. Mar 2020 a) in b) dis c) ir d) mis
a) de_ b) un_ c) in_ d) ir_ 10. add a suitable suffix to the word ‘beauty’ to form
3. Form aderivative for the underlined word mom told a new word Aug 2022
me to ‘arrange’ the table. May 2022 a) able b) ful c) ism d) ity
et
e ta) _ful b) _ment c) _ity
e t t
d) _ness
e Exercise :-
lalai.iN
.N
4.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Form a new word by adding suitable prefix to the 1.
i .iN
.N
Form new word by adding a suitable prefix to the
l a
l a
assaa aa aa
underlined - word ‘essential’ Sept 2020 base - word ‘obey’
a) _un
aass d) _il
aa ss
et
b) _ir c) _in
5.
PPaadd
Form a new word by adding suitable prefix to the
P Padd
a
a) mis_ b) dis_ c) in_ d) over_
ww..
word ‘comfort’ June 2019
w
w .. 2. Form a new word by adding suitable suffix to the
base - word ‘associate’
wwww wwww
.N
a) _dis b) _de c) _un d) _under d) _or
a) _by b) _mass c) _ion
6. Form a new word by adding a suitable suffix to the 3. Form a new word by adding suitable suffix to the
root word ‘regular’ March 2019
ai
base - word ‘hero’
a) _ ance b) _able c) _ful d) _ity a) _ity b) _ism c) _ish d) _ic
7. eet t
Add a suitable prefix to the root word ee t t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N ‘polite’ March 2019 al l a
l ai .iN
.N 4.
root word ‘radical’
l a
l i
a .iN
Form a new word by adding a suitable suffix to the
.N
assaa s aa s aa
a) im b) non c) un d) anti
aa s a) _ment b) _ish c) _ly
a a s d) _ous
as
Q. NO.: 10 Foreigna
P P dd & Phrase (T.B. P.No.172) PPaadd
words
a 1 Mark
ww .. w w ..
F¿¥ò :-
bfhLf;fg;gl;w
Lw
ww ) bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s 2w
tpw
ww
ad
ee t ee t
Ec Loyola main Book y; cs;s foreign words gFjpiaa[k; ed;whf goj;Jf; bfhs;st[k;.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a i.iN
.N
gapw;rp bra;J ghh;f;f Ec Loyola gapw;rp g[j;jfj;ij gad;gLj;jt[k;.
l l a l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
dd s
a s
nglish is a rich language. Most of the words in English
E
a
are borrowed from other languages. But those words are a
dd s
a s
Ante Meridiem A.M. Before noon
P Paa
used in our day today communication.
.. P
.. Paa
Aqua water
w
w
w ww Aaua fortis strong water, nitric acid
wwww wwww
Ab initio from the beginning
Au revior good bye until we meet again
Addenda additions
w
Bonafide genuine
Ad hoc arrangement made for a special
purpose Bon mots witty remarks
Bon vivant a person who enjoys luxuries
Adieu
eet t good bye/farewell
eet t Bon voyage have a good journey
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Agenda
Alias
things to be done
also known as
lal i
a.iN
.N Catamaran
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a boat
assaa s aa
s ssaa
Cart blanche complete freedom to act as one
Alma mater
a a
the school or college where a
dd a
person had educated
a add
a aa wishes or thinks best
a - la - carta
ww P
..P ww P
.. P Chauffeur driver
wwww wwww
Alter ego a close friend, another self Corrigenda error to be corrected
Anno domini A.D. In the year of the Lord Coup d’etat a sudden change of government
236
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Cuisine
Curriculum vitae
style of cooking
bio data
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Pros and cons
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
for and against
assaa aa aa
Pseudonym false name used by an author
Curry
a s
a
hot, spicy dish
dd s a s
a s
Questionnaire
dd a set of questions
De facto really
P
.. Paa P aa
Quo warranto
..P on what authority
Dejavu
ww
a feeling of having already experi-
ww
Resume rapport a summary a close relationship
En block wwww
enced the present situation
all together wwww Sine die
Status quo
without a date being fixed
the same state as before
En famille as a family
Telea-tete an intimate private conversation
En masse as a whole group between two
et
e t
En route
e
on the way while travelling
et t
lalai.iN
.N
Errata / erratum list of errors
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Ultra virus
Versus
l a
l i
a .iN
.N beyond one’s power
against
assaa aa aa
Exchequer royal treasury
aass Via
as
as by way of
et
Exempli gratia
Ex gratia
PPaadd
for example
given as a favour though there is add
a
Via media
P P a middle course
ww..
no legal obligation
w
w ..
Vice versa reversed
wwww wwww
.N
Ex officio in virtue of his office Vis a vis opposite, face to face
Ex parte from one side Viva voce spoken examination
Extempore without previous preparation
ai
Viz namely
Faux pass improper act or remark
eet t
In camera secretly eet t Vox populi voice of people
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
In cognito al
in disguise
l a
l i
a .
i N
. N :-
I.
i .iN
.N
Govt. Exam Questions
l a
l a
assaa aa aa
I. Choose the meaning of the foreign word in
In memoriam
s
to the memory of
a a s a s
a s
as
Inter alia
P P add
among other things
a P Paadd
the sentence
In toto
..
totally, as a whole
w
w
1.
ww .. The meeting of the party leaders were adjourned
sinedie. Sept 2020
wwww wwww
Juggernaut a large vehicle
ad
t t
.P
ee t
Magnum opus
t
the most important piece of work
ee
University. March 2019
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Nota bene
l
note well, mark well
l a.iN
.N
done by a writer or artist
a i a) confident
l a
l i
a
c) brilliant.iN
.N b) punctual
d) genuine
assaa aa aa
w
person
w
w ww c) summary d) secret session
wwww wwww
Par excellence better than all others
4. The protestors were arrested enmasse yesterday.
Per diem for a day
w
eet
Persona grata
t ee
acceptable to certain otherst
a person especially a diplomat,
t Blanche to the manager in regard to appointment
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Post meridiem after noon
lal i
a.iN
.N a i .iN
.N
of staff. March 2019
l l a
assaa s aa
s ssaa
Post mortem medical examination of a dead a) terms and conditions laid down to continue
body
aa a
dd a add
a aa something
Precis
Prima facie
ww P
summary
..P
at the first view / sight
ww P
.. P b) full freedom and power to do something
c) certain restrictions placed to attempt something
Pro forma
wwww
standard document or form
wwww d) complete support extended to perform
something
237
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
Exercise :-
I..N l a i
a .iN
.N
Choose the meaning of the foreign word in the sentence
l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a) in the hall a
dd s
a aa
s
1. The members met in camera to decide.
b) in acampus
aa a) closely
aadd s
a aa
s
4. The judge accepted the testimony intoto
a b) totally
c) secret session
w P
.. P
d) night session
w P
..P
c) territory
ww
d) topper
wwww wwww
2. Our cricket team on the match versus the new 5. Her supporters arrived enmasse for the rally.
school cricket team. a) as a whole group b) mass media
a) against b) visits c) employees mess d) advance
c) attends d) congratulates 6. The poem is in memoriam to the poets’ dead
3. Rani is seriously preparing for the ‘viva-voce’ friend.
et
e ta) aptitude test b) spoken examination
eet ta) in support of b) in need of
lalai.iN
.N c) written examination d) fitness test
l a
l ai .iN
.N c) in memory of d) in favour of
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Q. NO.: 11
a s
Definition of the term
a saa(T.B.Pg. No. 73, 74, 101, 145) a as saa1 Mark
et
PP a add P P aadd
F¿¥ò :-
w w .. w w ..
wwntz;Lk;. ww
.N
bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thh; j;ijapd; rhpahd tpsf;fj;ij ( ) bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;
definition s 4 tpilfspypUe;J
bjhpt[ bra;w
JwvGj w w
,g;gFjp tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f g[j;jfj;jpy;
text gFjpapy; cs;s
prose vocabulary part
ai
(P.No:73,73,101,145) iaa[k; Ec Loyola main Book y; cs;s Definition of the term gFjpiaa[k; ed;whf
goj;Jf; bfhs;st[k;.
eet t eet t
gapw;rp bra;J ghh;f;f Ec Loyola gapw;rp g[j;jfj;ij gad;gLj;jt[k;.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
‘Certain psychologists tell us that we forget things because we wish to forget them’.
assaa aa aa
Who is a psychologist ?
a s
a s a s
a s
as
psychologist – one who studies the human mind and behaviour is a psychologist.
P Paadd P Paadd
Term
w
w ..
Definition
ww..Term Definition
wwww wwww
insecticide killing of insects pessimist a person who believe that worst
ad
ee t
dipsomania
ee t
a strong desire for alchoholic the welfare of others, especially
l a
l i
a .iN
.N drinks
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N by the generous donation of
assaa aa aa
pyromania a strong desire to set fire to money to good causes.
w
things
a
dd s
a s a s
a s
misanthrope
dd a person who dislike humankind
squandermania
aa
a craze to spend money waste
P
.. P P
.. Paa and avoids human society.
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N remains
lal i
a.iN
.N hedonist
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a person who believes that the
wwww wwww
sinologist one who studies china or is strongly prejudiced
optimist a person who is always hopeful against women.
238
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Term
pugilist
Definition
l a
l i
a .iN
a boxer, especially a.N Term
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Definition
assaa aa aa
agrizoophobia fear of wild animals
a s s
professional one.
dd a a s
a s
ailurophobia
dd fear of cats
suicide
P
.. Paa
killing of self (`-cide’ means
killing) P
..Paa
antlophobia fear of floods
wwww wwww
homicide killing of another person mind and behaviour
genocide killing of people arsonphobia fear of fire
patricide killing of father (patre - father) tachophobia fear of speed
matricide killing of mother (matre - snakephobia fear of snakes
et
e t mother)
eet t scolionophobia fear of school
lalai.iN
.N
introvert
l a
l a .iN
.N
one who is more interested in
i
his own thought and does not
l a
l i
satanophobia
a .iN
.N fear of satan
assaa saa
s ssaa
mix with others rupophobia fear of dirt
aa aa
et
neurologist
PP add
one who treats disorders of the
a P Padd
absenteeism
a being absent May 2022
ww..
nervous system May 2022
w
w .. Govt. Exam Questions :-
wwww wwww
mean one who is not willing to give or
.N
Choose the right definition of the given term.
share with others 1) A Person who is capable of using both hands
reserved one who is slow and unwilling with equal ease is an ____ March 2020
to express opinions
ai
a) occultist b) ambidexter
emotional one who has strong feelings
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
conservative
al i .iN
.N
one who prefers traditional
l a
l a
2)
l a
l a .iN
.N
Choose the right definition for the given term
i
“Photophobia”. March 2019
assaa aa aa
values to a sudden social
change
a s
a s a s s
a) Fear of rain
a b) Fear of flight
as
poinephobia
aadd
fear of punishment
P P P Paadd
c) Fear of light d) Fear of pictures
potophobia
w
w ..
fear of alcohol
ww..3) One who studies the human mind and behaviour
phasmophobia
wwww fear of ghosts
wwww is called a ........................ March 2019
ad
ee t
laliophobia or fear of speaking
ee t ‘Pathologist’ MDL
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
lalophobia
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
a) On who studies diseases
assaa aa aa
kleptophobia fear of stealing b) One who studies insects
w
katsaridaphobia a
dd s
a s
fear of cockroaches a
dd s
a s
c) One who studies earthquake
kakorrhaphiophobia
P Paa
fear of failure or defeat
.. P
.. Paa d) One who studies birds
w
kleptomania w
w strong desire to steal ww 6) Choose the right definition for the word
bibliomania
wwww a craze for books
wwww “Neurologist” May 2022
w
l a
l i
a .iN
Anglophobia
.N
hydrophobia
l
fear of water
al i
a.iN
fear of using English
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
d) one who treats vision problems
assaa aa aa
7) Fill in the blanks with appropriate ‘ism’ word.
claustrophobia
a
dd s
a s
fear of enclosed space
ddaass
Ravi had the habit of being absent at work.
acrophobia
agarophobia ..Paa
fear of heights
P
fear of open (or) public places P
.. Paa He is known for his .... May 2022
ww ww a) absenteeism b) patriotism
achluophobia
acousticophobiawwww fear of darkness
fear of noise wwww c) heroism d) criticism
239
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN8)
.N ‘cardiologist’
l a
l a .iN
Choose the right definition for the word
i .N 2)
l a
l i
a .iN
ablutophobia
.N
a) fear of bathing b) fear of climbing
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
a) One who treats stomach disorders c) fear of writing d) fear of thinking
a
dd a
b) one who treats heart problems
aa 3)
aa a
dd a
‘Anglophobia’
P
.. P
c) one who specializes in lung problems
ww ww P
..P a) fear of meeting strangers
b) fear of drinking
wwww wwww
d) one who treats kidney diseases
c) fear of using English
9) Oology is the study of ................ d) fear of playing outdoor
a) animals b) birds eggs 4) orgophobia
c) birds d) insect’s eggs a) abnormal fear of work
et
e t
Exercises :-
eet t b) abnormal fear of fire
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Choose the right definition of the given term.
l a
l a .iN
.N
c) abnormal fear of space
i
d) abnormal fear of light
assaa aa aa
1) genocide
a) killing rodents
aass
b) killing plants 5)
as
as
theophobia
et
c) killing people
PPaadd
d) killing posts
P Padd
a a) fear of food b) fear of dreams
ww.. w
w .. c) fear of God d) fear of home
wwww wwww
.N
Q. NO.: 12 Question Tags 1 Mark
F¿¥ò :-
ai
bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thf;fpa=;fspy; cs;s nfhol;l ,lj;jpw;F rhpahd Question tag ia bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s
assaa aa aa
(eg) 2. The dog barks at the stranger.
w
w
w
3. My friends solved the problem.
ww positive tags.
wwww
(They/did+solve/no negative)
wwww (eg) He goes nowhere these days, does he?
w
My friends solved the problem, e) “Little, few, hardly, scarcely, rarely and
didn’t they? seldom” are treated as negative.
4. They have not seen the TajMahal. They take positive tags.
t t
(They/auxiliary/negative removed)
ee eet t (eg) Few people knew the way , did they?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
They have not seen the Tajmahal , have
they?
lal i
a.iN
.N f)
l a
l a .iN
.N
A few and a little as positive , They take
i
negative tags.
assaa s aa
s ssaa
5. I am not a doctor (eg) A few people knew the answer, didn’t they?
(I/aux/negative removed)
aa a
dd a dd
g)
aa aaThe adverb ‘only’ can take either a positive
I am not a doctor, am I?
ww P
..P ww P
.. P or a negative tag.
(eg) In 1994 only three people from Tamil Nadu
wwww wwww
6. I am your friend
I am your friend, aren’t I? were selected for the project , weren’t they?
(or) were they?
240
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
h)
.N will you? or would you?
l a
l ai .iN
Invitations and suggestions may take either
.N 3)
l a
l a .iN
.N
The subject part of the given sentence is identified .
i
If it is third person singular referring to a man, ‘he’
i) ww P
.. P
‘Every body, every one, none of and some of’ w
w P
..P
plural, “they” is used in the tag . In a pronoun
wwww wwww
occurs as subject, it is repeated in the tag.
take plural tag.
Govt. Exam Questions :-
(eg)Everybody agreed to our proposal, didn’t
I. Choose the correct question tag for the
they?
following statement :
j)
et
e t e t t
The positive forms ‘need’, ‘dare’ and ‘used to’
e 1. You can nerver misuse your power and authority
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
are treated as main verbs to form question
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
______? May 2022
assaa aa aa
tags. a) can’t you b) would you
aass as
as
et
(eg)
time, don’t you ?
PP add
You need to come to the railway station in
a P Padd
a
c) wouldn’t you d) can you
ww..
He used to visit me in the morning, didn’t he? w
w .. 2. Sita is a teacher, _______ ? May 2022
wwww wwww
a) wasn’t she b) is she
.N
Learn the contracted form: c) did she d) isn’t she
3. Jeevan polishes his shoes ______? Sept 2020
am + not = aren’t had + not = hadn’t
ai
a) does he b) doesn’t he
is + not = isn’t shall + not = shan’t
eet t eet t c) didn’t he d) did he
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
are + not = aren’t
was + not = wasn’t al l a
l a .iN
can + not = can’t.N
will + not = won’t
i 4.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Many women candidates attended the interview
assaa aa aa
_____? Mar 2019
were + not = weren’t
a s
a s
may + not = mayn’t
a s
a s
a) haven’t they b) shouldn’t they
as
do + not = don’t
P Paadd
should + not = shouldn’t
P Paadd
c) don’t they d) didn’t they
w
w .. ww..5. Cities are increasingly becoming urbanised _____?
wwww wwww
does + not = doesn’t would + not = wouldn’t
ad
ee t e
ought + not = oughtn’t
e t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a ai.iN
.N:-
need + not = needn’t
l Exercise
c) does he
l a
l i
a.iN
.N d) isn’t he
assaa aa aa
w
w
w
an auxiliary verb, it can be used in the tag, If the
ww 1. The sun sets in the west ______?
wwww
main part of the sentence contains a main verb, it
wwww a) does it b) isn’t it
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Wrote did + write
lal i
a.iN
.N 3.
a i
a .iN
.N
The flag has four colours on it, _____?
l l
assaa aa aa
2) If the given main verb is in the affirmative (with no
a s
a s
negative marker) “n’t” is added after the auxiliary
dd ddaass
a) isn’t it b) hasn’t it
in the tag.
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
4.
c) has it
You are a student _____?
d) was it
ww
If the given main part contains a negative, “n’t” is
ww
wwww
not added to the tag.
wwww a) is you
c) amn’t I
b) isn’t you
d) aren’t you
241
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Q. NO.: 13 Phrasal
l a
l a .iN
verb
i .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N 1 Mark
assaa F¿¥ò :-
‰F bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs d
Exercise-1
aa a assaa
d cŸs monfho£l
th¡»a¤âš
aaddaa
‰F rÇahd Éilia
ssaa
Phrasal verb
w P
nj®ªbjL¤J vGj nt©L«.
w P
. . th¡»a¤âš cŸs monfho£l brh‰fS¡F¥ ww P
..P
verb www
Exercise-2 w
‰F bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs
ia bjÇî brŒJ vGj nt©L«. wwwwbghU¤jkhd Phrasal
,g;gFjp tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f text g[j;jfj;jpy; prose gFjpapy; cs;s vocabulary part
Ec Loyola main Book y; cs;s Phrasal verb gFjpiaa[k; ed;whf goj;Jf; bfhs;st[k;.
et
e t eet t
gapw;rp bra;J ghh;f;f Ec Loyola gapw;rp g[j;jfj;ij gad;gLj;jt[k;.
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N Phrasal verbs
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa as saa as
asaa
A ‘phrasal verb’ is nothing but a verb. Many verbs, when followed by various prepositions, or adverbs, acquire an
a
et
P P add PP dd
idiomatic sense. They generally acquire a new meaning which is different from the literal meaning of the verb.
a aa
w ..
adverb= pre) – respect ww ..
Ex: Look in (verb + adverb) – pay a short visit look after (verb+preposition) – take care of, look upto (verb +
w
v‹gJ ww verbtoÉYŸs wwww (or) adverb
.N
wwphrasal
(phrasal verb
ïiz¥gj‹ _y«
brh‰bwhl® xU Éid¢ brhš verb cl‹ preposition
cUth»wJ .
Note: same time a Phrasal verb has a social or idiomatic meaning independent of the individual words, For
ai
example, the Phrase ‘ give up’ means stop having or doing’
e t t
Ex: He gave up smoking.
e eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a
Phrasal Verbs – Their meanings and examples..iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa PHRASAL VERBS MEANING
a s
a aa
s EXAMPLE
a s
a aa
s
as
1. Get up Rise, wake up
P Paadd aadd
I usually get up at 6 0’ clock in the morning
P P
Get ahead
w
w ..
Make Progress
ww..
Uma is getting on well in maths
wwww wwww
ad
ee
Get tin arrive
ee t
The train got in at midnight.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Get out Abandon gradually
l a
l i
a.iN
.N i.iN
.N
After the doctor’s advice he got out of smoking.
l a
l a
assaa aa aa
w
Get back return He has just got back from his tour.
recover a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
He got back the money he had invested.
2. Put on
P Paa
Dress, wear
.. P Paa
Raja put on his shirt and went out.
..
w
Put off
w
w
postpone
ww
The meeting was put off to next week.
Put out
wwww
Stop burning
wwww
I put out the light and went to bed.
w
eet t
Put up with Endure, bear Tolerate
eet t
Poor people have to put up with many hardships.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Put forth Try hard, send out
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
1. She put forth all her efforts to win the race.
assaa aa aa
Put by Save The mother is putting by a hundred rupees a month for the
a
dd s
a s aass
education of her son.
dd
3.take up
Take off
occupy
P
..Paa
Remove / Start P
.. Paa
The work took up two months.
The plane took off at 5’ o clock.
ww ww
Take over
Take down wwww
Receive charge of office
Record in writing wwww
Mr. Prem has taken over as m
anager.
Take down what I am dictating
242
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Take after
Take away
resemble
remove
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
Geetha takes after her mother.
i
She took away all her ornaments.N
assaa Take to
Take in
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Get into a habit
understand deceive a s aa
s
Ramu has taken to collecting stamp.
aadd a
The boys could not take in the new lessons.
Take for P
.. P
take one to be
ww P
..P
We took him for a rich man (but he was not).
ww
wwww wwww
4. break in Enter by force The bull broke in through the fence.
Break into Force one’s way into A burglar broke into my house last night.
Break out Appear suddenly Cholera broke out in the village after the rain.
Break down Fail, collapse The bus broke down after 10 kms.
et
Break up
e t Come to an end Split
eetThe school broke up for the summer holidays
t
lalai.iN
.NBreak with
Break off interval
l a
l a .iN
.N
Cease to be friendly with
i l a
l a .iN
.N
He broke with his friend over a money matter.
i
After 3 hours of hard work they broke off for coffee.
assaa 5. bring up
s
Rear; educate
aa aa
s ssaa
Valli brought up the orphan as her own child.
aa
et
Bring forth produce
PPaadd add
a
She brought forth a male baby.
P P
Bring about
ww..
cause
..
John’s laziness brought about his failure.
w
w
wwww wwww
.N
Bring in Yield The exhibition brought in a thousand r upees.
Bring down Uproot, destroy Many trees were brought down by the storm
6. Call on Visit a person We called on the Education m inister when we went to Madras.
ai
Call off stop; cancel The strike was called off at the request of the people.
Call for demand His action called for punishment
eet t
Call upon Urge eet t
The President called upon Mr. Mohan to deliver his speech.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Call out al
Summon for action
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a i
a .iN
.N
The fire brigade was called out to put out the fire
l l
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
Call in Ask to come Call in a doctor at once.
a a a a
as
7. Carry on
P P add
Manage, continue
a P Paadd
The son carried on the business in the absence of his father
Carry out
Carry off
w ..
Give effect to, fulfil
w
Take by force ww..
The secretary carried out the orders of the president.
The disease carried off ten people.
wwww wwww
ad
Carry away Take away, remove The kite carried away a chicken.
Carry through Support His courage carried him through to success.
8. Come about Occur, take place We do not know how the accident came about
Come across Meet accidently I came across my friend at a cinema.
t t
.P
ee t
Come by acquire
ee t
He came by riches in a foreign country.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Come down descend
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
The price of oil has come down
.N
assaa aa aa
Come round Agree He came round to our views.
w
Come off
a s
a s
Take place, be the result
dd a s
a s
When do the school sports come off?
dd
P
.. Paa
of, acquit oneself
P
.. Paa
w
Give off Send out This firewood gives off a lot of smoke.
Give up Part with He has given up his claim to the property.
Give in Stop fighting The enemy was forced to give in.
eet t
Give in Submit, yield
eet t
We should not give into temptations.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Give way
Give over
break
Hand over
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
The rope gave way and the bucket fell into the well
i
I gave charge of my office to the new manager
assaa Go against
Go away
oppose
Leave
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
addaassaa
The son went against the wishes of his father.
He has gone away with my book.
a
Go down P
..P
To sink or set
ww P
.. P
He will go down in history as a good ruler.
ww
wwww wwww
Go beyond exceed Don’t go beyond the rules of the company.
10. Look after Take care of My uncle looked after our family when my father was away.
243
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N Look
Look
down upon
for
despise
search
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
Don’t look down upon a poor beggar.
i
We are looking for our lost keys.
assaa Look
Look
forward
up Refer
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Expect with pleasure
a s aa
s
We are looking forward to the visit of the minister to our school.
aadd a
We look up the dictionary to find the meaning of words.
Look into
w P
.. P
examine
w P
..P
The Director looked into the complaint.
ww
wwww wwww
Look up to respect We look up to our teachers for guidance.
Look out Be careful While walking barefoot., look out for thorns.
Govt. Exam Question :- 4) The dog was _______ by a heavy vehicle. Aug 2022
Replace the underlined word in the sentence with a) runaway b) runover
et t
the suitable phrasal verb.
e e et t c) run into d) runoff
lalai.iN
.N
1)
l a
l ai .iN
.N:-
The actor rehearsed his dialogues quickly before
Exercise
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
going to the stage March 2020
a) ran around
aass
b) ran away
as
as
Replace the underlined word in the sentence with
et
c) ran up
PPaadd
d) ran over
P Padd
athe suitable phrasal verb.
2)
ww..
I couldn’t understand what you meant March 2019
w
w .. 1) He distributes his business card to everyone
wwww wwww
a) gives out b) gives in
.N
a) break out b) find out
c) iron out d) figure out c) gives up d) gives with
3) Fill in the blanks with the suitable phrasal verb May 2022 2) I used to spend time with my friends in the park.
ai
The rebellion was _____ by the officers. a) hang on b) hang out
a) put off b) put on
eet t c) put down d) put up eet t c) hang up d) hang off
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
4) al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
John recovered after an illness. Sept 2020, June 2019
word.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Replace the underline phrasal verb into a single
assaa s aa s aa
a) got over
a s
b) got up
a a a s He was asked to pull back from confrontation
as
1)
c) got to
P Paadd
d) got back
ee t a) capsized
ee
b) stopped March 2020t a) follow b) avoid
l a
l i
a .iN
.N c) exploded d) rolled
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
c) check d) watch
assaa aa aa
w
2)
a) tolerate a
dd s
I cannot put up with this nonsense, anymore.
a s
b) handle June 2019
4)
a
dd s
a s His life was cut short because of smoking.
a) reduce b) end
c) witness
P
.. Paad) rectify
P
.. Paa c) broaden d) discourage
w
3)
w
w
Never put off until tomorrow what you can do
ww
wwww wwww
5) The Sub Inspector will look into the matter soon.
today March 2019 a) avoid b) examine
w
a) continue b) finish
c) accept d) reveal
c) halt d) postpone
Preposition TB Pg No.44
ee tQ. NO.: 14
t eet t 1 Mark
l a
l i
a .iN
.NF¿¥ò :-
lal i
a .iN
. N l a
l i
a .
i N
.N
s
a a
sa bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thf;fpa=;fspy; cs;s nfhol;
aa ssaa
l ,l=;fSf;F rhpahd id bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s a
a as s a
preposition
4 tp i lfisfsp y ; ,Ue; J
P
njh;
P a e
ab
; dd g[j;jfj;jpy; gFjpapy; cs;s y; cs;
jLj; J vGjntz; L k; .
P sa
P add
,g;gFjp tpdhf;fSf;F tpi
ww . . y; cs;s gFjpiaa[k; ed;whf goj;Jf; bfhs;st[k;.ww. .
lasp f;f text prose P.No:44 preposition
a[k; ekJ
gapw;rp bra;w
Jwwfw;f
ghh;
Ec Loyola main Book
gapw;rp g[j;jfj;ij gad;gLj;jt[k;.
Ec Loyola wwww
244
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Preposition :
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
There are three kinds of preposition:
.N
1. Simple prepositions:
assaa aa aa
A preposition is a word used to link nouns, pronouns
a s
a s
or phrases to other words within a sentence.
dd a
dd s
a s
At, by, for, from, in, of, off, on, up, out, to, through, till, with
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Look at some more examples of prepositions and
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
to, in spite of, instead of, in the vent of, on account of,
assaa aa aa
prepositional phrases. on behalf of, owing to, with reference to, with regard to.
aass as
as
et
aadd
on, off, up, in, out, above, below, over, under, to, from,
with, without, before, after, at, during, according to, a
PP P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
head of, a part of, from, as far as, in spite of, owing to, in
wwww wwww
.N
addition to, in case of, in front of, but for, on account of,
on behalf of, with reference to etc.
Sometimes, a sentence can end with a preposition.
ai
Read the sentences given below.
t t t
¾¾ This seat is not very comfortable to sit_________.
ee ee t
l a
l i
a .iN al
¾¾ Was it worth waiting _________?
l a
l i
a .iN
¾¾ My father gave me some pictures to look_________.
.N .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s
The preposition ‘in’, ‘at’, and ‘for’ occur at the end of
a a a s
a aa
s
as
P P add
the sentence and it is acceptable in usage.
a P Paadd
w
Uses Of Some Prepositions:
w .. ww..
wwww wwww
ad
ee t iii)
ee t
At’ for things at rest.
l a
l i
a .iN
.Nïš l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
Nepal is at the foot of the Himalayas.
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
In: ( ) i)
a
dd s
a s s
In is used for a periodof time
a
dd a s
I can finish this exercise in an hour.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.Nnkš
On: ( ) i)
la i
a.iN
.N
‘On’ is used for things at rest
l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s ssaa
The book is on the table.
aa a
dd a addaa
ii) ‘On’ is used before days and dates
a
ww P
..P P
.. P
He married Susan on a Saturday Hedied on 15th September 1948.
ww
By: ‘By’ is used to indicate the doer of the action
wwww wwww
A letter was written by me.
245
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N(cl‹)
For: (Mf)
l a
l a .iN
.N
‘For’ is used to denote a period of time.
i l a
l i
a .iN
She has been sleeping for the past three hours. .N
assaa With:
aadd s
a aa
s
He cut the tree with an axe.
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
‘With’ is used for the instrument with which the action is done.
a
Upon: (mj‹ nkš)
ww P
.. P ww P
..
The cat jumped upon the table.
P
‘Upon’ is used in speaking of things in motion.
(cŸns) ww wwww
Into:
ww ‘Into’ denotes motion
He jumped into the river.
Since: (m‹¿ÈUªJ) ‘Since’ is used to denote a point of time in the past.
He has been working in this office since 1980.
eet t
Between: (
eet t
‘Between’ is used in speaking of two persons or things.
lalai.iN
.N
ïUtU¡F ïilÆš)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
Valli is seated between Selvi and Rama.
.N
assaa (mâf egU¡F aa aa
Among: ‘Among’ is used to refer to more than two persons or things.
ïilÆš)
aass as
as
There is a quarrel among the villagers.
et
From: (
»s«ò« ïl« )
PPaadd They come from Italy.
P Padd
a
To: (
nrU« ïl« )
w
w .. I go to Chennai
w
w ..
www wwww
.N
Beside, Near: ( ) He sat beside/near me.
tÊahf w
mU»š
Along: ( ) They ride along the way
Of: (mila/‹) I’m the uncle of Sekhar.
ai
Down: (ÑnH) We walk down a hill
t t
Up: (nkny)
ee eet
They climb up a hill
t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
About: (g‰¿)
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Arul talks about me
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
After: (ãwF) We’ll go after 8.30
Beyond: (m¥ghš)
a s
a s
The college is beyond the station.
a s
a s
as
Before: (K‹)
P Paadd
We are before him
P Paadd
Under: (»œ)
w
w .. The cat is under the cot
ww..
Above: (nkš)
wwww wwww
Sparrows fly above the building
ad
I. ee t
Choose the appropriate e
preposition
e to
l a
l i
a .iN
.N complete the sentence.
l a
l ai.iN
Exercises
.N I.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Choose the appropriate preposition to
assaa aa aa
w
1.
a) on b) in a
dd s
I saw the cat sitting ____ the table May 2022
a
c) ofs d) at a
dd s
a s
complete the sentence.
P
.. Paa 1.
P aa
Hang the charts _____ the wall
.. P
w
wwww wwww
a) of b) from c) off d) by
3. A cool and moist breeze drifted _____ the open. 2. My uncle will visit me _____ May
w
a) from b) within a) at b) in c) on d )
June 2019
c) against d) through by
4. The angry champion broke the crystal up ____ 3. We are going _____ a holiday next week.
eet t
million pieces March 2019
eet t a) in b) on c) for d) at
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a) into
i.iN
.N
b) with c) against d) upon
lal a
4.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
In case ____ difficulty you should refer to a
assaa aa aa
5. Fill in the blanks with the suitable prepositional dictionary.
phrase.
a
dd s
a s ddaass
a) of b) to c) in d) on
P aa
_____ the present situation, people need to be
..P P
.. P
5.aa He broke the glass ____ pieces
ww
more cautious. Aug 2022
ww a) into b) with c) against d) upon
a) But for
wwww
c) according to
b) on behalf of
d) with reference wwww
246
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t e et t
lalai .iN
.N Q. NO.: 15 Clipped
l a
l a .iN
Word
i .N l a
l i .iN
.N
1 Mark
a
assaa
F¿¥ò :-
a aas saa
ddRUf;fj;ij bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s 4 tpilfspy; ,Ue;PJPnjh;
a
bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s brhy;ypd; rhpahd
a ad a
e;bd as
jLj;J
saa
vGj ntz;Lk;.
,e;j gFjp tpdw hf;w
fSf;
P P
wwF.tp. ilaspf;f g[j;jfj;jpy; gFjpapy; cs;swwww. .
text prose vocabulary part (P.No:72)
iaa[k; w wwst[k;.
w y; cs;s
Ec Loyola main Book
gapw;rp bra;J ghh;f;f Ec Loyola
a[k; ed;whf goj;Jf; bfhs;
clipped word
gapw;rp g[j;jfj;ij gad;gLj;jt[k;.
Clipped Words :-
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N meaning,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
It is a word formed by dropping one or more syllables from a longer word or phrase with no change in
et
influenza – flu
PPaadd P Padd
a
ww.. w ..
We came across the word ‘perambulator’ in the last paragraph of the story. The word ‘perambulator’ can
w
wwww wwww
.N
also be expressed as ‘pram’ in short. The word ‘perambulator’ is an unclipped word and the word ‘pram’ is
a clipped word.
Ex-aeroplane–plane
ai
examination – exam
t t
demarcate – mark
ee eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.NClipped Words
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa 1. advertisement
a s
ad
a aa
s s
34. mobike
a a aa
s bike
as
2. agriculture
P Paaddagri
aadd
35. necktie
P P
tie
3. alchemist
w
w .. chemist
ww..
36. newsflash flash
4. ampere
wwww amp
wwww 37. okay ok
ad
ee t
8. bicycle cycle
ee t 41. perambulator pram
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 9. caravan van
l a
l i
a.iN
.N 42. perquisites
l a
l i
a.iN
.N perks
assaa aa aa
w
10. co-education
11. cinematography a
dd s
co-ed.
a s
cinema a
dd s
43. photo graph
a s
44. pianoforte
photo
piano
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
eet t
17. fanatics fan
eet t 50. refrigerator fridge
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 18. gentleman
19. gymnasium
gent
gym
lal i
a.iN
.N 51. signature
l a
l i
a
52. spectacles .iN
.N sign
specs
wwww
23. hand kerchief
24. helicopter
kerchief
copter wwww 56. tubelight
57. telephone
tube
phone
247
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N 25. kilogram
26. identity
kilo
ID
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 58.
59.
tram car
l a
l i
a
top brass .iN
.N tram
brass
aa
61.
a
dd s
a aa
s
university
vegetarian
varsity.
veg
29. mathematics
ww P
.. P maths
ww P
..P
62. veterinary vet
wwww
30. memorandum
31. microphone
memo
mike wwww 63.
64.
viva voce
zoological park
viva
zoo
32. mummy/mother mom 65. zoological garden zoo
33. matriculation matric 66. veterinary surgeon vets.
et
e t
Govt. Exam Questions :- e e t t 6. Choose the clipped form of the word ‘helicopter’
lalai.iN
.N
1.
l a i .iN
.N
Choose the clipped word for demonstration MDL
l a a) heli
l a
l i
a .iN
.N b) helicop June 2019
assaa aa aa
a) demon b) monster c) copter d) helter
aass as
as
et
7. Choose the clipped form of the word ‘dormitory’
c) demo
PP dd
d) station
aa P Padd
a
a) dormy b) dory March 2019
2.
a) alchemy
ww..
Choose the clipped word for alchemist Sept 2020
b) chemistry
w
w .. c) dorm d) dormit
wwww wwww
.N
c) chemist d) mist Excersise :-
3. Choose the unclipped form of the word ’Champ’ 1. Choose the clipped word for gymnasium
a) champion b) chamberlin Mar 2020 a) gym b) jim
ai
c) champagne d) chimpanzee c) museum d) symposium.
4.
eet t
Choose the unclipped form of ‘mark’ MDL
e t
e t 2. Choose the clipped word for taxicab
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a) remark al
b) market
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a) taxi
l a
l i
a .iN
b) cab
.N c) car d) auto
assaa aa aa
c) demarcate d) marks 3. Choose the clipped word for demarcate
a s
a s a s
a
a) market s b) mark c) decade d) term
as
5.
a) memorabilia
P Paadd
Choose the unclipped form of ‘memo’ June 2019
b) memorizer 4. aadd
Choose the clipped word for telephone
P P
w
w ..
c) memorandum d) memento
ww..
a) phone b) telly c) tally d) tone
Q. NO.: 16 1 Mark
F¿¥ò :-
□ bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s mk=;fyr; brhy;Yf;Fg; ,izahd k=;fsr;brhy;iy bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s 4
t t
.P
ee t
thh;ijfspypUe;J njh;e;bjLj;J vGjntz;Lk;. ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
□ ,g;gFjp tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f Ec Loyola main Book y; cs;s thh;j;ijfis ed;whf goj;Jf; bfhs;st[k;.
assaa aa aa
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N basket
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
military destruction collateral damage the urge to the call of nature
disabled / handicapped a
dd s
a s
differently abled drunk
ddaass tried and over emotional
death
P
..Paa
eternal rest
P
.. Paa
short-sighted visually challenged
ww ww
wwww wwww
racial genocide ethnic cleansing blind visually impaired / Challenged
lover gentleman friend undertaker funeral director
248
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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e e t t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
unemployed
l a
l a .iN
.N
laid off
i fat woman
l a
l i
a .iN
.N full figured
P
.. P P
..Paa
1.
w w
Choose the polite alternative for the word “barber” March 2019
w w
wwww
a) hair clipper
Exercise :- wwww
b) hair remover c) hair splitter d) hair dresser
assaa aa aa
3. Accidental deaths are increased nowadays.
aass as
as
et
a) collateral damage
PPaadd
b) collapsed life
P Padd
c) lives taken
a
d) passed away
4.
w..
a) in the high income level w
w ..
The free distribution of clothes is for those who are very poor
w b) in the average income level
wwww wwww
.N
c) in the extraordinary level d) in the low income level
ai
eet
F¿¥òt :-
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N gapwr al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l
; p bra;J ghh;f;f Ec Loyola gapw;rp g[j;jfj;ij gad;gLj;jt[k;. i
a .iN
,t;tif tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f Ec Loyola main g[j;jfj;ij gad;gLj;jt[k;.
.N
assaa Read the following sentences.aaddaassaa a s
a aa
s
as
P P P Paadd
ww ..
People who have poor self- concept feel insecure
ww..
wwww wwww
People, who have poor self- concept feel insecure.
ad
Both the sentences have the same words in the same order. The only differences is the second sentence
has comma separating the items. They have different meaning on that basis relative clause is classified into
‘Defining’ and Non- Defining relative clauses.
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N Relative clause
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
who a
dd s
a s Relative adverbs dd aass
Person P
.. Paa PP a a
. . time
w
w
w When -
w w
v¥nghJ ( indicating
wwwwwhom
whose -
www
neu«) w
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N that
lal i
a.iN
.N How
l
-
a
l i
a .iN
.N
v¥go ( manner )
assaa Tips¾¾combine aa aa
What - v‹d ( nfŸÉ vG¥òjš)
a
using relative pronoun:
Study the sentences a dd as s ddaass
P P a P Paa
ww. .place.
¾¾Identify the relevant
¾¾Substitute w
relative pronoun
ww..
ww inwproper
wwww
249
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
I. Govt. Exam Questions
1..N l a
l i
a
Do you know ___ car that is Sep 2020 .iN
.N 3.
a) whom
l a
l a .iN
.N
I don’t understand ___ he says.
i b) that
assaa aa aa
c) what
a) who
c) which
dd s
b) whom
a a s
d) whose 4. a
dd s
a s d) when
This is the boy ____ won the race.
2. P
.. Paa
The books ___ are bought are offten not read P
..Paa a) who b) whose
ww ww c) whom d) that
wwww wwww
a) that b) what March 2019
5. I met a girl ____ father is a painter.
c) who d) whose
a) who b) whose
II. Exercise : c) whom d) that
1. The book ___ you gave me is lost Model:
et
e t a) which b) when
eet t Tagore was given the Nobel prize, He wrote “the
lalai.iN
.N c) where d) how
l a
l i
a .iN
.N gitanjali”
l a
l i
a .iN
.N who
assaa aa aa
2. You are the man ___ I wanted to see
a) that
aa
b) who ss as
as
Answer: Tagore who wrote the gitanjali, was given the
et
c) whom
P Paadd
d) which
add
a
noble prize.
P P
ww. . Idioms and Phrases TB Pg No.40, 111 ww. .
wwww wwww
.N
Q. NO.: 18 Common 1 Mark
F¿¥ò :-
ai
bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thh;j;ijapd; rhpahd tpsf;fj;ij (Idioms) bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s 4 tpilfspypUe;J
eet t
njh;e;bjLj;J vGj ntz;Lk;.
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
,g;gFjp tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f text g[j;jfj;jpy; prose gFjpapy; cs;s (P.No:40, 111, 173) Idioms and
assaa aa aa
its meaning iaa[k; Ec Loyola main Book y; cs;s Idioms gFjpiaa[k; ed;whf goj;Jf; bfhs;st[k;.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
gapw;rp bra;J ghh;f;f Ec Loyola gapw;rp g[j;jfj;ij gad;gLj;jt[k;.
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
Idioms: An idiom is an expression in English with a special meaning of its own. Idioms do not give the literal
wwww
meaning of the individual words used in them.
wwww
ad
You come across the idiom ‘ by the skin of one’s teeth’ in the lesson. It means ‘a narrow escape’.
(Idiom v‹gJ xU fU¤âid F¿¥ghš cz®¤J« brhšfŸ MF«).
Ex: He is in deep waters v‹gj‹ bghUŸ mt® Mœªj J‹g¤âš cŸsh® v‹gjhF«.
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N IDIOMS
l a
l i
a.iN. N MEANING jÄœ m®¤j«
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
eet t
Not let the grass grow under
t t
Not to waste time by delaying/doing
ee
jhkâ¥gj‹_y« neu¤ij
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
one’s feet
Under the sun
lal a.iN
.N
something
i
Anywhere on earth
l a
l i
a .iN
.N åzh¡fhkš VnjD« brŒ
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Have an axe to grind
l a
l i
a .
i N
. N
Have a personal cause for actions
jÅ¥g£l neh¡f¤Jl‹ el¤jš
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
To bark at the moon To make a fuss with no effect
njitÆšyhkš Fiw TWjš
Full of beans a
dd s
a s
Lively, in high spirits Òò¤Jz®¢áíl‹
dd a s
a s
Out of the blue
P
.. PaaAs a total surprise M¢áÇa¤Jl‹ P
..Pa a
ww w w
Caught red-handed
wwww
At the crack of dawn wwww
Caught when doing something wrong
ifí«
Very early in the morning
fsîkhf
itfiwÆš
Pay back in the same coin Treating others in the same way rkkhd gâš kÇahij jUjš
Take a trip down memory lane Recollect pleasant memories flªjfhy ÃidîfS¡F¢
et
e t eet t bršYjš
lalai.iN
.N
To be on tenterhooks
l a i
a .iN
.N
To be in a state of nervous suspense
l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
gj£l¤Jl‹ ïU¤jš
et
A chance in a million
PPaadd
Very slim chance
P Padd
a Fiwªj thŒ¥ò
ww..
Two sides of the same coin
w w..
Two contrasting characters in the same Vâbuâ® JUt§fŸ
wwww ww
.N
Pick someone’s brains
category
Use someone’s ideas
ww
ãwuJ nahridfis
ga‹gL¤Jjš
ai
In barren statement State without value, interest or result
eet t eet t M®tÄ‹¿ brhšYjš
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Bear one’s burden in silence
To get on at/in something al l a
l a .iN
.N
To regret or suffer quietly
i
To make progress
l a
l a .iN
J‹g« bghW¤jš
i .N
assaa aa aa
K‹nd¿¢bršYjš
a s
a s aass
as
Put on airs Behave in an unnatural way to impress
P Paadd
others
P P aadd ãwiu¡ftu brŒí« ɤijfŸ
In short supply
w
w .. Fiwthdw
Less than is needed, lacking
w. . g‰wh¡Fiw
njit,
wwww w wwwåzo¥gJ
ad
ee t
One thing leads to another
ee t
Doing one thing set the stage for xU braš k‰bwhU braY¡F
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
something else
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
tÊahf mikjš
assaa aa aa
w
MŒjš
To give (someone) a piece of To scold or criticise someone Fiw TWjš , â£Ljš
mind
eet t
To be at the end of one’s
eet t
To have no power, to reach the last part
mâfhu« , mikâÆ‹¿ ï U¤jš
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
tether
lal i
of patience
a.iN
.N cWâahf kW¤jš l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s ssaa
To be at loggerheads To disagree strongly
To be on cloud nine
aa a
dd a
To be extremely happymÔj
a
k»œ¢áílÅU¤jšdd
a aa
A bolt from the blue
ww P
..P P
..
Unexpected event; complete surprise
vâ®ghuhj Ãfœî
ww P
wwww wwww bg‰w
(usually unwelcome)
Holds good Be valid at the time of discussion
áwªjt‰iw
251
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Tricks of the trade
A yellow streak
l a
l i
a .
i N
. N Éahghu ED¡f«
The expertise of doing business
nfhiH¤jdkhd
Cowardice in one’s character
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa In the pink (of health)
A shadow of one’s self
aa a
dd s
a aa
s ešy Mnuh¡»a«
a
Extremely healthy, in perfect condition
ãw® mutiz¥ãš
aa dd
ïU¤jš
s
a
Not having the strength, former influence
aa
s
ww P
.. P etc., that one had earlier
w
w P
.. P
wwww ww
Honour bound kÇahijÆ‹ bghU£L
(to do: required to do something) as a
lalai.iN
.N
Go a long way
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
To last for a long time
l a
l i
a .iN
.N buh«gehŸ tU«
assaa saa
s ssaa
Alarm bells ringing Sign of something going wrong jtW neUtJ mwpFwp
aa aa
et
A million dollar question
PPaadd add
A question with a valuable answer
P P a áwªj nfŸÉ
Have cold feet
ww.. w
w ..
Feel nervousness and anxiety gjw;w epiy
wwww wwww
.N
Below the belt Unfair or unsupportive behaviour fhuprid my;yhj
On the ropes State of near collapse or defeat njhw;fof;fg;gl;l
To drag up a child Bring up a child without proper training rÇahd ts®¥ò ïšyhkš
ai
In our corner On your side in an argumentor dispute Jiz nghjy;
eet t
Square off
eet t
Prepare for a conflict rd;ilf;F jahuhjy;
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Dropouts al l a i .iN
.N
Those who withdraw
l a l a
l i
a .iN
.N
fšÉÆš ïilËnwh®
assaa s aa s aa
In a nice pickle In a trouble some ore difficult situation
a a s a a s ,f;fl;lhd epiy
as
Feather in one’s cap
P Paadd more achievement
P P add
Something one may feel proud of ; one
a nkY« xU bt‰¿ _y«
Follow something up w
w .. Pursue ww.. bgUik¥gLtJ
ã‹g‰Wjš
wwww wwww
ad
ee t
Fish out of water
ee t
A person who does not fit in, out of place ãwUl‹ mDrÇ¡fhj
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Drive one up the wall
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
To annoy or initate some one
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
vhpr;rY}l;Ljy;
1. Choose the appropriate idiomatic expression for cunning people March 2020
w
w ww
wwww wwww
the underlined phrase May 2022 a) uplifted b) safe guarded
w
The Two players were in the two opposite angles c) discouraged d) deceived
of the boxing ring, resting between rounds. 4. It is raining on and off for the post two days
a) in our corner b) gift of the gab a) normally b) violently June 2019
eet t
c) square off
eet t
d) turning over a new leaf c) continuously d) intermittently
l a
l i
a .iN
2.
.N l
the following sentence Sept 2020al i
a.iN
.N
Choose the suitable meaning for the idiom found in 5.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Choose the meaning for the idiom “Back to the
assaa aa aa
Wall” MDL
a
dd s
a s
The hotel staff bend over backwards to make
ddaass
a) In aserious difficulty
..Paa
the visit of dignitaries a memo.
P P
.. Paa b) abandoning one who is in difficulty
w
a) tried to please
w b) made every effort
ww c) try any method to overcome a crisis
wwww
c) was hospitable d) carried the boys
wwww d) sign of something going wrong
252
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
6.
.N beginning of the match Aug 2022
l a
l i
a .iN
The players were “facing each other” at the
.N 3.
l a
l i
a .iN
The soldier showed his yellow streak when the
.N
sneaked away from the battle field.
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
a) square off b) on the ropes a) happiness b) c o ura ge
c) in our corner a
dd a
d) cooking an account
aa aa a
dd a
c) cowardice d) shyness
Exercise :-
ww P
.. P
Choose the suitable meaning for the idioms found
ww P
..P
4. The leader’s death came like a bolt from the blue
1.
wwww
in the following sentences.
wwww
He was on cloud nine the moment he met his granny.
a) unexpected event
b) expected happening
c) sudden happening
a) began to cry b) learning to fly
c) extremely happy d) very talkative d) serious accident
2.
et
e t ee t
I’m sick of within and the way she puts on air t 5. Evil practice must be nipped in the bud.
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a) acting like you don’t know anything
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
a) cut off in the early stage
assaa aa aa
b) a
cting as though you know better than anyone b) grow fast
aas s
c) Pretending to be frightened of everything
as
as
c) throw in the dustbin
et
aadd
d) Enjoying all silly situation
PP P add
a
d) plan carefully
P
Q. NO.: 19 ww..
Homophones (Confusables) TB Pg No.7 w
w ..
wwww wwww
1 Mark
.N
F¿¥ò :-
ai
jug;gl;Ls;s thf;fpaj;jpy; cs;s nfhol;l ,l=;fSf;F rhpahd thh;j;ijia (word) bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s
eet eet
2 tpilfspypUe;J bghUj;jkhd ,lj;jpy; vGj ntz;Lk;.
t t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
Book y; cs;s Homophones gFjpiaa[k; ed;whf goj;Jf; bfhs;st[k;.
l a
l a .iN
.N
,g;gFjp tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f text g[j;jfj;jpy; prose (P.No:7) gFjpapy; cs;stw;iw Ec Loyola main
al i i
assaa a ssaa
gapw;rp bra;J ghh;f;f Ec Loyola gapw;rp g[j;jfj;ij gad;gLj;jt[k;.
a a s
a aa
s
as
P Paadd P Paadd
ww . . bfh©l mnj rka« ntW m®¤j¤ijí« vG¤J¡fisí«
ww . . bfh©l
Homophones are two or more words with the same sound but with different spellings and meanings.
wwww wwww
(xnu khâÇahd c¢rÇ¥ig¡
ad
t t
.P
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Here is a list of homophones and their meaning 6.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Artist - a person who is skilled in
w
a
dd s
a s
Read each pair carefully and remember the
a
dd s
a s painting drawing etc.,
spelling and meaning.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa Artiste - a performer in the theatre,
w
1. Adapt
w
- to change and make suitable to
w ww circus, concert hall or film
eet t
Arms - weapons
eet t carrying out certain acts.
l a
l i
a .iN
3.
.N Altar
lal i
a.iN
.N
- a platform for offerings sacrifices
8.
l
Ball
a
l i
a .iN
.N - a round playing like foot ball
assaa aa aa
in a holy place;
Alter - change
a
dd s
a s ddaass
Baul - cry out loudly
4. Appraise aa
- to fix the value of
P
..P P
.. Paa
9. Bail
Bale
- come out of prison on condition
- bundle
Apprise
ww
- to inform
ww
5. Ascent
Assent
wwww
- climb up
- agree
wwww 10 . Bare
Bear
- uncovered
- endure; an animal; carry
253
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
11. Beach
.NBeech
- the sea-shore
- a forest tree
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 29. Complement
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
- complement a person or thing
that completes
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
Compliment - an expression of praise or
12. Blew
Blue
a
- a colour
a a a
- past tense of blow
dd aa a
dd a admiration
13. Birth
ww P
.. P
- coming to life
ww P
..P
30. council -
a group of people that guides
others
Berth
14. Beside
wwww
- place
- near; at the side of
wwww councel -
advise; a legal name for an
advocate
Besides - in addition to 31. currant - a dried fruit
15. Boar - a male pig current - a flow of stream
et
e t
Bore - past tense of bear
eet t 32. coarse
lalai.iN
.N
16. Bough - branch
l a
l i
a .iN
.N course
l a
l i
a .iN
- rough
.N
- a class
assaa saa s aa
Bow(v) - courteous bending of the body
aa s 33. dear
aas - beloved one
et
Bow(n)
PP add
- an instrument of wood and
a P Padd
deer
a - an animal
ww..
string used to shoot arrows
w
w ..
34. dairy - a place where milk is processed
wwww wwww
.N
17. Brake - the part of a motorcar, bicycle diary - a book containing a daily record,
etc., which stops it. of events in a person’s life
Break - to fall pieces 35. decease - death
ai
18. Buy - purchase diseases - ill health
eet
By
t - next to
eet t 36. desert - a large sand land
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Bye - good bye
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N dessert
37. die
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
- fruit salad
assaa aa aa
19. Canvas - coarse cloth - pass away
Canvass
a s
a s
- solicit support dye
a s
a s - colour
as
20. Cast
P
- throw
Paadd P Paadd
38. draught - a stream of cold air entering a
Caste
w
w ..
- a class or community system
ww.. warm area
ee
Sellt - opposite to buy
ee t present
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
23. Cease - to stop
l a
l i
a.iN
.N 40. fare
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
- the charge for the journey
assaa aa aa
w
Seize
s s
- to take something forcibly
a
dd a
fair
a
dd s
a s - market or a fun place, colour
24. Cellar
aa
- a storage for wine
P
.. P P
.. Pa
41. feat
a - achievement
w
t t
Serial
ee - a periodical publication
eet t heir - a person with a legal right
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
27. Check - verify
lal i
a.iN
.N 44. hole
whole
l a
l a .iN
.N
- an opening
i
- complete
assaa aa aa
Cheque - (e.g) a gift cheque; by
a
dd s
a s
presenting it in a bank we get 45. idle
ddaass - lazy
money
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
idol - image of god, often carved in
stone
28. Cite
ww
- quote; point out
ww
Sight
Site wwww
- view
- aplace wwww 46. knead
need
- mix
- want
254
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
47. knew
.N new
- past tense of know
- fresh
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 65. story
storey
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
- tale
- floor
wwww wwww
maze - a puzzle 67. vain - hopeless
50. meat - animal flesh vein - a blood vessel
meet - encounter 68. waist - part of the body
51. peace - freedom from war Waste - useless
69. way - path
et
e t
piece - a part, a bit
eet t Weigh - find the weight
lalai.iN
.N
52. personal
personnel
- private
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
- a group of people employed in 70. week
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
- period of seven days
assaa saa
s ssaa
the same working place Weak - opposite of strong (lacking
aa aa
et
53. pray
a
- worship
PP add P Padd
a strength)
prey
ww..
- fall a victim
w
w ..
71. weather - day-to-day temperature
wwww wwww
Whether - if
.N
54. principle - basic truth
principal - highest in order of importance 72. yoke - link
55. pail - bucket Yolk - yellow part of egg
ai
pale - whitish, bloodless
Govt. Exam Questions :
eet t
56. peel - outer coating of a fruit
e e t t I. Fill in the blanks with suitable homophones :
l a
l i
a .iN
.N peal
57. quiet
- loud ringing of a bell
- calm al l a
l ai .iN
.N 1.
l a i
a .iN
.N
The hunter _______ a while as the antelope _____
l
assaa quite - completely
a s
a aa
s s aa
s
that way. (passed / paused) Aug 2022
a a
as
58. rain - w
aadd
ater drops falling from the sky
P P P Paadd Ans : Paused, Passed
w ..
(e.g) we expected rain today
w 2.
ww..
Rita will be at _______ only when you give her the
wwww wwww
reign - rule
_____ of paper. (piece / peace) Aug 2022
ad
ee t soil)
ee t (quiet / quite) Ans : quite, quiet
l a
l i
a .iN
.N route
61. seen
- path, way
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
- past perfect tense of see
2.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
The nurse tried in ____ to get the ____
assaa aa aa
(vein / vain) Ans : vain, vein
w
scene - vision
a
dd s
a s 3. a
dd s
a s
I had no ____ He gave me a ___ of advice
62. soar
.. Pa
- to go up
P a P
.. Paa
(piece / peace) Ans : peace, piece
w
sore - painful
w
w ww4. The story told by the __ old man is not __
63. stationary
wwww
- not moving
wwww (credible / credulous) Ans : credulous, credible
w
e t t
Q. NO.: 20
e Modal & Semi modal verbs TB tPg
e e t No.43 1 Mark
l a
l i
a .iN
.NF¿¥ò :- l a
l a i.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa
bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s 4 tpilfspypUd
,g;gFjp tpdhf;fSf;F tp.iP a a a s s
bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thf;fpa=;fspy; cs;s nfhol;
a ajLj;
al ,l=; fSf;F rhpahd
d g[j;jfj;jpy; gFjpapy; cs;s y; cs;PsPaadd
e;J njh; e b
; J vGj ntz; L k; . a s
thh;j;ijfis
modal / semi modal
a saa
kw;Wk; ek; w w . P
lasp f;f text prose
ww .
st[k.;.
P.No:43 modal - semi
modal
gapw;rp bra;w
Jw wfw;f
ghh; gapw;rp g[j;jfj;ij gad;gLj;jt[k;.
Ec Loyola wwww
y; cs;s gFjpiaa[k; ed;whf goj;Jf; bfhs;
Ec Loyola main Book
255
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
Modal Auxiliaries (P. No. 42)
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Modal auxiliaries are also called helping verbs. They indicate modalities, attitudes or feelings like ability,
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
possibility, permission, obligation, compulsion etc.
a
dd a
We shall now observe the use of modals in the following passage.
aa aa a
dd a
P
.. P P
..P
Sir Isaac Asimov said, “Science fiction can be defined as the branch of literature dealing with the reaction of
ww ww
human beings to changes in Science and Technology.” The theme may be time-travel, parallel universe or
wwww wwww
extra-terrestrial life. It need not be just a fantasy and must avoid the supernatural. Earlier, writers used to
abbreviate Science Fiction as SF and yesterday children dared to read them as they liked aliens and weird
creatures Many books were published so that people could have easy access to it. But children of today would
rather watch it on screen than reading. Though they might enjoy watching it on screen, teachers ought
et t t t
to encourage them to read Science Literature that will enhance their knowledge. So students should visit
e ee
lalai.iN
.N libraries to explore.
l a
l i
a .
iN. N l a
l i
a .
i N
. N
assaa a a aa
MODAL VERB
aass a s
as
et
P Paadd P Pa ad d
Can
ww. . Could Shall
w
w . .Should
wwww wwww
.N
Ability, Request Past ability, Possibility Offer or Suggestion Advice or Suggestion
ai
May Might Will Would
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Permission or
Future Possibility al l a i .iN
.N
Future Possibility
l a l a
l i
Willingness,
a .iN
Certainty, Promise.N Request,
Invitation
assaa a s
a aa
s aassaa
as
Must
P Paaddto
Ought Need
aa dd
Dare to
P P
w
w .. ww..
wwww
Necessity or What’s right
wwww
ad
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Modals And their usages
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
Modal Uses
a
dd s
a s Example
a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
eet t Permission
eet t On Sundays we could stay up late
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Possibility
Request
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
I wondered whether it could be true.
Could I borrow your camera?
wwww
wish
wwww May God bless the couple.
256
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Might Request(rarely used)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
Might I smoke here?
.N
assaa aa aa
Possibility(remote) I thought he might be at the theatre.
Permission
a
dd s
a s a s
a s
He told me that I might take his scooter.
dd
Suggestion
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
We might ask him to be leader of the party.
ww ww
wwww wwww
Shall Prediction(I person) I am afraid I shall not have time to do all the questions.
II Person &III person You shall get a bicycle as a gift on your next birthday.
i) Promise He shall submit the assignment tomorrow.
ii)Command He shall be punished for his misbehaviour.
iii) Threat
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N
Should Moral Obligation
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Children should look after their aged parents.
assaa aasaa
s
Probability Advice
as
asaa
They should be at home by now.
et
aadd
Tentative condition
PP P add
a
You should take only wheat diet.
P
ww..
(in conditional clause)
w
w ..You should read this.(IT is very good)
wwww wwww
.N
If you should read this (this is very good)
If you should change your mind, please
Let us know.
ai
Will Intention I’ll meet you soon.
eet t eet t
(usually contracted mainly first The game will be finished by 6.00p.m
l a
l i
a .iN
.N person) al l a
l i
a .iN
.N Oil will float on water.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
a)Specific prediction. He’ll always talk for hours if you give him the phone
a s
a s a s
a s
as
c) Habit
P Paadd
b) General facts.
P P add
He will be at home now.
a
Will you give me your pen,please?
w
w ..
Probability Request Willingness
ww..
Who will give me a pencil?
wwww wwww
ad
t t
.P
ee t Willingness Request
ee t Would you pass the salt?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Polite Statement
In direct Speech
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l a.iN
.N
I would like to go for a walk
i
He told me that he would return in an hour
assaa aa aa
w
Must Obligation
a
dd s
a s a s
a s
Students must come in uniform on working days
dd
Necessity
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
If I want to buy things I must have money.
w
w
w
Command
ww You must not come late hereafter.
wwww
Assumption
wwww He must be seventy now.
w
Instructions Passengers must cross the railway lines by the over bridge.
eet t
Modal Uses
eet t Example
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Ought to Obligation/duty
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
You ought to help the poor.
.N
assaa aa aa
Probable future event They ought to be here soon.
Dare Challenge a
dd s
a s ddaas
Dare he go alone?s
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
How dare you cut that tree?
ww ww
Tom dared not tell his father that he had lost his watch.
wwww wwww
257
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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N eet t N e et t
lalai .
i . N A
Note: s a Modal auxillary ‘dare’ does not
l a
l i .
i
take
a . N
‘to’ for forming questions and negatives.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
In affirmative sentences ‘dare’ is followed by infinitive with ‘to’
dda a ss dd a as s
Need
..PP a a
Obligation or Necessity You needn’t go to the office tomorrow.
Need he come tomorrow?
P
.. Pa a
w w ww
wwww wwww
Used to Habitual activities and When I was in Ooty, I used to wear woollen clothes.
state in the past There used to be a port in poompuhar many centuries ago.
et
e t for each sentence
eet t a) must b) can
lalai.iN
.N
1.
i .iN
.N
They ____ allow them if they paid the fee
l a
l a
c) may
l a
l i
a .iN
.N d) night
assaa aa aa
a) might b) will II. Fill in the blanks with suitable modal /
c) would
aass
d) could
as
asSemimodal verbs
et
2. aadd
How ____ you ask me this doubt
PP P Pa
1.dd
a How ____ you speak to me like this? Aug 2022
a) must
ww.. b) may
w
w .. a) ought b) dare
wwww wwww
.N
c) dare d) could c) used to d) need
2. We must help the poor (must / ought to)
3. Bharath ____ like to meet the celebrity MDL
3. You have submitted the assignment you ____
a) will b) can
ai
(not) come to school tomorrow Aug 2022
c) would d) may
(use some modal verb) Ans : need not
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l a .
i N N
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
i . l a
l i
a .
iN. N
assaa s aa s aa
Words with different grammatical functions
Add.Q. NO.: 1
a a s a a s 3 Marks
as
P Paadd Parts of speech P Paadd
w w .. ww..
wwww
Parts of speech:- (Noun, Verb, adjective, adverb
wwww She is a brave girl
ad
ee t
ga‹gL¤j nt©L«.
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Noun, verb, adjective, adverb
m¿ªJ bfhŸnth«.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
M»at‰iw g‰¿
l a i
a.iN
She wrote a letter to her son
.N
He plays Hockey
l
assaa aa aa
w
Noun:- (
bga® brhš ) a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
She went to church
P
.. Paa Éid cÇ¢ brhš P
.. Paa
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Write a sentence using the word ‘like’ as a verb and
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Adjective: (bgaÇ‹ Qualities ia És¡F« brhš).
add
a assaa
as a adjective.
a
Ex: I like sweets (verb)
ww P
..P
An adjective is a word used to add something to the
ww P
.. P They are like minded (adj)
wwww
meaning of a noun;as,
wwww
258
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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ee t t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Add.Q. NO.: 2 Conditional
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Clause
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 2 Mark
assaa F¿¥ò :-
aa aassaa
ddM»at‰¿š ïj‰fhd brašghLfŸ ju¥g£LŸsd,
aa a
dmij
d s
a aa
s
ww P
gh®¤J òǪJ¡ bfhŸsî« P
ghlüÈš g¡f« v©fŸ 175-176
.. ww P
..P
wwww wwww
Conditional Clause
Conditional clause
et
e t eet t
A conditional clause is a part of a sentence . It expresses a ‘condition’ . As it has ‘If’ with it, it is also called ‘If’
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
clause . ‘conditional ‘clause’ v‹gJ Ãgªjidia btË¥gL¤J« th¡»akhF« mjDl‹ If nr®ªâU¥gjhš,
assaa saa
s ssaa
If clause v‹W« miH¡f¥gL»wJ.
aa aa
et
Conditional + result
PPaadd P Padd
a
1. zero condition :-
ww.. w
w .. 4. Unfulfilled condition :-
wwww wwww
.N
Usage :- Facts which are generally true or scientific Usage :- The person imagining a different past
facts. Imagining situation that did not happen.
The condition always has the same result .
ai
(ïJ flªj fhy¤âš el¡fhj x‹iw F¿¡F«)
Structure:- s + v1 / s + v1
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
Ex: If you stand in the rain, you get wet.N l a
l a .iN
.N
S + had + v3 / s + should / would / could / might
i
/ must+ have + v3
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Usage:- A possible (Probable) situation in the If I hadn’t been sick, I would have given you a
ad
ee t e t
Structure: s + v(1) / s+ shall / will / can / may / + v1
e rewrite using ‘if’ clause. May 2022
l a
l i
a .iN
.N (simple present) ( simple future)
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
If Rita had not been late to school, She would not
assaa aa aa
Ex : If it rains , we will cancel the trip
w
a
dd s
a s
If you study , you will pass the exam . a
dd s
a s
have been punished.
P
.. Paa P
.. Pa2.
a If Reema had informed me earlier, I would
w
3. Improbable / unreal condition :- (second have returned home (Begin the sentence
w
w ww
wwww wwww
condition) . with ‘Had’) June 2019
w
eet t(ïJ
el¡f thŒ¥g‰w f‰gidahd x‹iw/
eet t job. (Combie using ‘If’) Mar 2019
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
F¿¡F« )
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
job..N
If Tom had known Spanish, he would have got the
i
assaa aa aa
Structure:-
aas s
s + v2 / s + should / would / could / might / must
dd ddaass4. Rewrite the sentence making an inversion
+ v1
P
..Pa a P
.. Paa in the conditional clause.
If you were a king, you would know the
ww
(simple present ) (past-simple future)
ww
wwww wwww
difficulties Mar 2019
Ex:- If I won the lottery , I would travel a lot.
If they sold their house, they would be rich. Were you a king, you would know the difficulties.
259
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
5.
.N (Combine using ‘If’) MDL
l a
l i
a .iN
Ragavi did not come yesterday. She was ill.
.N 3.
l a
lessons.
l a .iN
He did not go to school. He missed his
i .N
assaa s aa s aa
If he had gone to school, he would not have missed
yesterday.
dd a s
If Ragavi had not been ill, she would have come
a a
dd a s
his lessons
6. P
.. Paa
If I _____ a pilot I would fly high. May 2022 P
..Paa
II. Rewrite the sentence making an inversion in
ww ww the conditional clause.
a) am
c) had been
d) were
wwww
b) was
wwww 1. If you should be late once again, you will lose your
job. (Begin with should)
Ans : Should you be late once again, you will lose
7. Sheela was sick. She did not attend the your job.
et
e t eet
meeting (combine using If clause). Aug 2022
t 2. If I were a bird, I would fly. (Begin with were)
lalai.iN
.N attended the meeting.
l a
l a .iN
.N
If Sheela had not been sick, She would have
i l a
l a .iN
.N
Ans : Were I a bird, I would fly
i
assaa aa aa
3. If you should need my help again, just give me a
aass as
as ring (Begin with should)
et
Exercises :
I. Combing using If clause
PPaadd P Padd
a Ans : Should you need my help again, just give me
ww..
1. He did not study well. He did not pass in the
w
w .. a ring.
wwww wwww
.N
examination (use If) 4. If the management were to go back on its promise,
there would be a strike. (Begin with were)
IF he had studied well, he would have passed in
the examination. Ans : Were the management to go back on its
promise, there would be a strike.
ai
2. They did not pay the fees. They were sent
eet t
out.
eet t 5. If I had known you were ill, I would have called on
you (Begin with Had)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N sent out. al l a
l a .iN
.N
If they had paid the fees, they would not have been
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Ans : Had I known you were ill, I would have called
assaa aa aa
on you.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P Paadd Part-III
P Paadd 7x3=21 marks
Q.NO 31 – 40
w
w ..
31 – 33 ERC(from poem) (any 2 out of 3)
ww.. 2x3=6
wwww wwww
34 – 36 Prose short question (any 2 out of 3) 2x3=6
ad
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Q. NO.:37 - 40
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
Subject Verb Agreement / Concord (TB.Pg. No. 80-81)
a.iN
.N 3 Marks
assaa aa aa
w
dd s
a s
Subject and Verb Agreement (Concord)
a
When you write a sentence you must make sure that the a
dd s
a s
• when the subject has two singular nouns joined by ‘or’
• nouns connected with each of, each one, either
subject and the verb agree.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa of, neither of, someone, something, anybody,
w
w
w ww anything, no one, nothing, everybody, everything
wwww wwww
Subject – verb agreement is the correspondence of a
verb which is subject in person and number. The basic • names of subjects: mathematics, politics, civics,
w
rule states that a singular subject takes a singular verb, economics, physics etc.
while a plural subject takes a plural verb. F¿¥ò: Verb subject ¡F Kuzhf ïU¤jš
Always Plural 1. Either ________ or, neither ______nor cl‹ 2
eet t eet t
• after people, police, cattle, a number of, a group of singular nouns ïUªjhš Verb singular Mf vGJ.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
• when subject has two nouns joined by ‘and’
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Either ______ or neither ______ nor ______ cl‹
assaa aa aa
• few, many, several, both, all, some Singular plural nouns fyªJ tªjhš, 2 M« Noun
a
dd s
a s
• scissors, tweezers, trousers, shorts, jeans, glasses
ddaass
¡F V‰g Singular/ Plural verb Mf vGJ. k‰wgo
Always Singular
P
..Paa P
.. Paa vGâdhš jtW.
ww
• after ;one of, a kind of, a type of’
ww
wwww wwww
eg: Either Rahim or Abdul is honest.
• units of measurement and mathematical
expressions Neither Mohammed nor his brothers are kind.
260
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
2.
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
Singular nouns in addition to , as well as along with,
i
together with, with cl‹ ïizªâUªjhš singular
l a
l i
a .iN
PROVERB – EXPANSION
.N [Text book Pg : 176,177]
assaa ssaa s aa
s
verb nghlnt©L«. Plural verb vGâdhš jtW
a
dd a
eg: Mohideen as well as Prem is active.
aa aa a
dd a
A ‘proverb’ is a statement, accepted by all the people of
a particular community over the generations. ‘Expansion’
..PP
Naren along with Subramaniyan goes to school.
ww ww P
..P
means developing and enlarging the idea or a thing.
wwwwnghL wwww
3. Every, each, none, one of, neither of, either of many ‘Proverb Expansions’ means enlarging the idea confined
mL¤J singular verb Plural verb
vGâdhš in a proverb into a paragraph or an essay. The expansion
jtW of the proverb must include the following salient features.
eg: One of the boys is obedient. They are (i) Meaning, (ii) Illustration and (iii) Conclusion.
Every student is present here.
4.
eet t
singular noun
ïizªJ xU I
eet t idea-
(i) Meaning: Each proverb has a literal meaning and
lalai.iN
.NvGâdhš jtW,
btË¥gL¤âdhš nghL
l a
l i
a .iN
Singular verb
.N Plural verb
l a
l i
a .iN
an interior meaning. The interior meaning may be
.N
called as a ‘metaphorical meaning’. While expanding
assaa saa
s ssaa the proverb both the meanings should be explained
aa
eg: Horse and cart is new.
aa
et
aadd
Bread and butter makes a good breakfast.
PP P Padd
a
comprehensively.
ww..
Slow andsteady wins the race.
w
w .. (ii) Illustration: The meaning of the proverb must
be explained with the suitable examples. The
wwww wwww
.N
A. Underline the correct verb in these examples must be based on real life situations. The
sentences.
examples may be taken from literature, history or
1. The girl and her sisters (watch, watches) television
periodical journals.
ai
everyday.
(iii) Conclusion : The idea contained in the proverb
2.
eet t
Ravi (doesn’t, don’t) like sports.
eet t must have been justified reasurably in conclusion.
l a
l i
a .iN
3.
4..N al a i
a
One of the cookies (is, are) missing.
l l .iN
My classmates (study, studies) before a test.
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
In case the proverb is not found acceptable, the
assaa aa aa
conclusion must be framed accordingly.
5.
s s
A lady with ten cats (live, lives) in that big house.
a a a s
a s
as
6.
7.
P P add
Measles (is, are) very serious.
a
The committee (decide, decides) when to adjourn.
P Paadd
Hints:
8.
w
w ..
Our team (is, are) the best.
ww.. 1. Be thorough with the exact meaning of the
proverb.
9.
wwww
Everybody (enjoy, enjoys) a good song.
wwww
ad
ee t ee
is Yellowstone National Park. It was created in 1872. t 4. Avoid everything that are irrelevant.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l l i
a.iN
.N
Some parts of the park are in Wyoming, Montana and
a 5.
l a i.iN
.N
Explain the meaning of the proverb in plain
l a
assaa aa aa
Idaho. The park is a safe place for many animals. Bears,
w
dd aass
mouse, buffalo, deer and antelope live there, Beavers,
6. a
dd s
language.
a s
Avoid ‘Cliche’ and stereotyped uninteresting
.. P aa
otters, fish and eagles also enjoy the park. For them,
P P
.. Paa phrases.
w
w w
Additional w
w 8. Make your essay on the proverb a complete and
w
l a
l i
a .iN
2..N Ten rupees
a i
a.iN
.N
(is/ are) the price of a gel pen
l l a i .iN
.N
through action only. Our actions should reveal
l l a
assaa aa aa
our character. It is through action that many
3.
4.
Two and two
Your jeans
dd s
a s
(make/ makes) four.
a
(is/ are) torn. Let me mend
ddaass things have changed in this world. Giving money
them for you.
P
..Paa P
.. Paa or things simply by empty words does not
5.
ww
Every one of those books
ww
(is/ are) a success. Whatever we want to do, do it in action
fiction.
wwww
Ans: 1. were 2. is 3. makes 4. is 5. is wwww immediately. Great heroes came out because of
their brave actions.
261
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
An example: Expand the proverb A bad workman
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
always blames his tools’ into a story – paragraph. Notice
a i
a .iN
.N
state. Ravi not only lost out on a good yield because of
his laziness, but also had to spend a huge sum of money
l l
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
the beginning, middle and end. Begin with the meaning to repair his tractor due to poor maintenance. Despite
of the proverb.’
aa a
dd a a a
dd a
having better equipment, Ravi was unable to get the
a
P
.. P
A bad workman always blames his tools’’
ww
The meaning of this proverb is that our success does not
ww P
..P best results. But, Raj was a good workman and hence
was able to succeed with the limited resources he had.
wwww
depend on what kind of tools we have but how we use
them. Here is a story to elucidate the meaning. wwww Narrative writing
Our thoughts and ideas can be expressed in an interesting
Raj and Ravi are farmers. They owned a pair of
manner. They can be presented as a narration. In this
oxen each, with which they ploughed their lands. Raj put
section, we shall learn how to develop a proverb and a
et
e t eet t
in hard work, while Ravi hardly worked. Raj worked all
news headline into a story paragraph.
lalai.iN
.N l a a .iN
.N
day long, aimed at getting a good yield and took good
i
care of his oxen, fully understanding their needs. Ravi,
l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Every story has a beginning, a middle section and an
ending. Here is the format for developing a story :
assaa saa
s ssaa
on the other hand, was very lazy and miserly. He never
aa a a
Introduction/ Beginning
et
PP dd
fed his oxen well but exploited them to the maximum.
aa ¾¾
As a true friend, Raj advised Ravi and sometimes
P Pad
a d Describe the setting (Where and When).
ww.. ¾¾
even admonished him for treating the animals cruelly.
w
w .. Introduce the characters (Who).
wwww wwww
.N
¾ ¾
Ravi paid little heed to Raj’s words. He soon bought a Explain the situation.
tractor to plough his land and chased the oxen away. Raj
brought home the animals and took care of them though Events / Middle
¾¾Describe what happened.
ai
he could not afford it. The monsoon soon arrived and it
¾¾Use transitions words that show time and order
eet
and ready for cultivation – thanks to his oxen. ee t
was time for cultivation. Raj’s land was well - ploughed
t t (suddenly, as soon as, before, meanwhile ).
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a i .iN
.N
Ravi in his miserly fashion had not maintained
l a l a
l i
¾¾Solution / Ending
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
his tractor well and it kept giving him trouble. As a result, ¾¾Explain how the story ends.
a ass a s
a s
¾¾Describe what happens to the characters.
as
he could not get his field ready for cultivation on time.
aadd
He lamented and blamed it all on bad luck, not realizing
P P aadd
¾¾State how the problem ends/ gets resolved.
P P
w ..
that it was he who was responsible for his miserable
w ww..
¾¾Add a reflection sentence or a closing sentence.
t t
.P
ee t
Add. Q. NO.: 6
ee t
Blended Words
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
1. news cast news + broadcast 14. hand + videocamera handycam
w
2. docudrama a
dd s
a s
documentary + drama a
dd s
a s
15. teleprinter + exchange telex
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
eet t
8. brunch ee
breakfast + luncht t 21. picture + element pixel
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
9. vegeburger
lal i
a.iN
.N
vegetable + burger
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
22. smoke + fog smog
262
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N27. laundromat
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
laundry + automat
2.
a i
a .iN
.N
Choose the right combination of the blended word
‘sitcom’ Mar 2020
l l
assaa aa aa
28. mediclaim medical + claim
29. fantabulous a
dd s
a s
fantastic + fabulous a
dd s
a s
a) sisterly + community b) sitting + compartant
c) site + commerce d) situation + comedy
P
..
30. information + commercial
Paainformercial
P
..Paa
II. Exercises
ww ww
wwww wwww
31. medical + care medicare 1. Choose the right combination for the blended word
‘telex’
32. wireless + fidelity wifi
a) telegraph + fax
33. volcanic + ash vash b) teleprinter + exchange
34. transfer + resistor transistor c) telephone + exchange
et
e t
35. motor + pedalcycle moped
eet t d) television + expo
lalai.iN
.N 36. lecture + demonstration lecdem
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
2. Choose the right combination for the blended word
assaa aa aa
‘heliport’
37. binary + digit
aas
bit
s as
as
et
a) heli + port
38. electro + execute
PPaadd
electrocute
P Padd
a b) helicopter + airport
39. foreign + exchange
ww.. forex
w
w .. c) helicop+portal
wwww wwww
.N
40. travel + catalogue travelogue
d) helicopters + porters
41. education + satellite edusat
3. Choose the correct combination for the blended
42. melody + drama melodrama
word ‘fortnight’
ai
43. fourteen + night fortnight
a) fourteen + night b) forty + nights
eet t
I. Govt. Exam Questions:
eet t c) fort + night d) fourteen + nite
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
1.
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Choose the right combination of the blended word 4.
a i
a .iN
.N
Choose the correct combination for the blended
l l
assaa aa aa
‘melodrama’ Sep 2020
a a ss s s
word ‘smog’
a a
as
a) Malady + drama
c) Melody + drama
P P aadd
b) Melow + drama
d) Malice + drama
P P add
a) smoke + fog
a b) small + jog
w
w .. ww..
c) smile + bog d) smoth+log
F¿¥ò :-
bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thf;fpaj;jpy; cs;s nfhol;l British English thh;j;ijf;F ,izahd . American English
t Jt vGj
.P
ee
thh; jt;ijia bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s 4 tpilfspypUe;J njh;e;bjLj; e e t ntz;Lk;.
l a
l i
a .
i NN
. gapw;rp bra;J ghh;f;f
,t;
t if tp d hf; f Sf; F tp i lasp f f
;
l a
l i
a.iN. N
y; cs;
Ec Loyola main Book s thh; j ;ijfis goj;Jf; bfhs;st[k;.
l a
l i
a.iN.N
a a aa aa
w
s
a s Ec Loyola
aa s s
gapw;rp g[j;jfj; ij gad;gLj;jt[k;.
dd mbkÇ¡fhÉš ga‹gL¤j¥gL»wJ. P dd aa s s
P
.. P a a .. P a
American English differs from British English in spelling, pronunciation and vocabulary.
a
áy M§»y
w
English.
Different Spelling
1. “re” into “er” 2. “ce” into “se”
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N centre
British
center
lal a.iN
.N
American
i l a
l i
a
defence .iN
.N
British
defense
American
assaa metre
litre
aa a s
a aa
s
meter
dd
liter
add
a aassaa
licence
offence
license
offense
theatre
ww P
..P theater
ww P
.. P pretence pretense
fibre
wwww fiber
wwww vice vise
263
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
3. “se” into “ze”
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N 9. “o” missing
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
British American British American
analyse
a s
a
analyze
dd s amoeba
a
dd s
a s ameba
memorise
P
.. Paa
memorize
P
..Paa
moustache mustache
organise
ww organize
ww
diarrhoea diarrhea
realise
recognise wwww realize
recognize wwww
oestrogen
et
e t British
e t
American
e t maths math
lalai.iN
.N colour color
l a
l i
a .iN
.N afterwards
towards
l a
l i
a .iN
.Nafterward
toward
assaa aa aa
favour favor
aass as
as
et
humour humor 11. Different Vocabulary:
harbour
PPaaddharbor
P Padd
a
vigour
ww.. vigor
w
w ..
British American
wwww wwww
aerial antenna
.N
aeroplane airplane
5. “ogue” into “og”
aerodrome airdrome
British American
ai
aluminium aluminum
dialogue dialog
eet t
catalogue catalog eet t autumn fall
l a
l i
a .iN
.N analogue al analog
l a
l i
a .iN
.N although
axe
l a
l i
a .iNaltho
.N
ax
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
prologue prolog biscuit cookie
a a a a
as
travelogue
P Paadd
travelog
P Paa
book shopdd book store
6. “l” into “ll”
w
w .. ww..
break light stop light
wwww wwww
calling card visiting card
ad
ee t
skilful skilfull
ee t cinema movie
l a
l i
a .iN
.N distil distill
l a
l i
a.iN
.N cooker
l a
l i
a.iN
.N stove
assaa aa aa
cheque check
w
w
w ww
coffin casket
wwww wwww
travelled traveled
cancelled canceled cosy cozy
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
8. “a” missing
lal i
a.iN
.N digit
l a
l i
a .iN
.N figure
assaa s aa
s ssaa
British American dust bin trash bin
anaesthetic a
dd a
anesthetic
aa dynamo
add
a aa generator
archaeology
ww P
..P
archeology
w P
.. P
dressing
w
table dresser
wwww wwww
anaemeia anemeia engine motor
gynaecology gynecology enthral / enthrall escalator / elevator
264
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.Nexercise book note book
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lift
l a
l i
a .iN
elevator
.N
assaa aa aa
flat apartment living room sitting room
film movie
a
dd s
a s lorry
a
dd s
a s truck
friend
P
.. Pa
pal
a luggage
P
..Paa baggage
financial year
ww fiscal year maize
ww corn
flat mate
foot ball
wwww room mate
soccer
wwww
manager
mould
director
mold
flex cord mummy mommy
fuse fuze pyjamas pajamas
et
e t
fellow guy
eet t
storey story
lalai.iN
.N paraffin kerosene
l a
l i
a .iN
.N tin
l a
l i
can
a .iN
.N
assaa saa
s ssaa
plug hole drain trolley cart
aa aa
et
practise
PP add
practice
a trousers
P Padd
a pants
omelette
ww..omelet tyre
w
w .. tire
wwww wwww
polling booth voting booth veranda porch
.N
post code zip code vest undershirt
programme program match game
ai
press conference news conference notice board bulletin board
t t
queue
ee
line
eet t
nappy diaper
l a
l i
a .iN
.Nrailway
rental al
railroad
rent
l a
l i
a .iN
.N pub
petrol
bar
l a
l i
a .iN
gasoline .N
assaa resume
a s
a aa
s
curriculum vitae pavement
a s
a aa
ssidewalk
as
rubber
P aadd
eraser
P
post
P Paadd mail
towel
w
w ..napkin plough
ww.. plow
stable
wwww barn
wwww
sweet candy
ad
t t
.P
ee t
garden yard
ee t
taxi cab
l a
l i
a .iN
.Ngoods train freight train
l a
l i
a.iN
.N terminus
timetable
depot
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
schedule
assaa aa aa
w
goodbye good by
grey gray a
dd s
a s toilet
a
dd s
a s rest room,bathroom
ground floor
P
.. Paa
first floor
trumpet
P
.. Paa horn
w
holiday w
w vacation
toffee
ww candy
eet
hirepurchase
t instalment
e t t
vice
e vise
l a
l i
a .iN
.Nill
indicator
sick
blinker
lal ai.iN
.N :
Exercise
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa jam
jewellery
jelly
aa a
dd s
a
jewelry
aa
s
add
a aassaa
Choose the American English word for the
underlined British English word.
judgement
ww P
..P
judgment P
.. P
1. There is an aerial on the top of my house.
ww
kennel
letter box wwww dog house
mail box wwww
a) rod
c) antenna
b) dish
d) projector
265
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
2.
.N There is no interval for you today.
a) shop b) pause
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 5.
l a
l i
a
a) truck .iN
He is a lorry driver
.N b) wagon
assaa aa aa
d) intermission
3.
c) break
She likes jam very much a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
c) car d) track
a) watery fluid
P
.. Paa
b) jelly
P
..Pa
6.
a Choose the correct American English word
for pavement Sep 2020
c) sweet
ww d) cookies
ww
4.
wwww
She resides in the groundfloor
a) first floor b) underground wwww a) platform
c) curb
b) sidewalk
d) railing
c) second floor d) upstairs
lalai.iN
.NF¿¥ò :-
l a
l i
a .iN
. N l a
l i
a .iN
. N
s
a a
sa s
bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s brhy;iy rhpahd mirfshf
aa saa gphpf;f ntz;Lk; my;yJ rhpahd miria a
(syllables)
as
a s a
et
fz;L gpof;fntz;Lk;.
,t;tif tpdhf;fSf;F tpiP Pa fa
dd ed;whf goj;Pf;a
JP addst[k;.
gapw;rp bra;J ghh;f;fw
w . . gapw;rp g[j;jfj;ij gad;gLj;jt[k;.
lasp ;f y; cs;s
Ec Loyola main Book
w w .. bfhs;
Syllabification
wwww wwww
.N
Ec Loyola
SYLLABIFICATION
ai
(mir/Ó® ãǤjš)
eet t eet t
yllabification is a systematic division of a word into appropriate number of syllables. It is a unit of
S
l a
l i
a .iN
.NxU š xU vowelY«, 1 ‰F nk‰g£l lalai.iN
al .NbkŒ vG¤JfŸ ïU¡fyh«. Ó® ãǤjš lalai.iN
.N
pronunciation. A syllable may have one vowel and one or more consonants.
assaa aa aa
( syllable consonants ( )
a ass aass
as
MW tifÆš ãÇ¡f¥gL« .
P Paadd )
P P a add
1.
w w ..
xU th®¤ijÆš xU Ó® k£L« ïUªjhš vd¥gL«.
w w.. Mono-syllabic word
wwwïU
wÓ®fŸ tªjhš mJ www
Ex: first, chair, late, stir, write, call, drove, first, bird, blast.
vd¥gL«. w
ad
ee t ee t
x: mul-ti-ply, ma-ga-zine, ca-len-dar, re-sem-blance, e-du-cate, cal-cu-late, head-mis-tress, com-pu-ter,
E
l a
l i
a .iN
.NxU th®¤ijÆš eh‹F Ó®fŸ tªjhš mJ lalai.iN
4. .N vd¥gL«.
ex-pen-sive , lo-gi-cal, dif-fe-rence, ca-ra-van, as-tro-naut.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Tetra syllabic words
assaa aa aa
w
a ss a s s
x: e-ra-di-cate, li-be-ra-tion, po-li-ti-cal, cal-cu-la-tion, ac-ti-vi-ty, en-gi-nee-ring, po-pu-la-tion, e-lec-tro-nic,
E
a
ddmJ dd a
..PPa a
bi-o-lo-gy, ge-o-gra-phy, dis-ap-point-ment.
P
.. Paa
w
in-hu-ma-ni-ty, dis-a-bi-li-ty.
6.xU th®¤ijÆš MW Ó®fŸ tªjhš mJ vd¥gL« Poly syllabic word .
Ex: ap-pre-ci-a-tive-ly, au-to-bi-o-gra-phy, ex-tra-or-di-na-ry, i-ma-gi-na-tive-ly, in-dis-cri-mi-nate-ly.
eet t
S.NO Words Syllabification
eet t S.NO Words Syllabification
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 1 Facilitate
lal i
Fa-ci-li-tate
a.iN
.N 2
l i .iN
.N
Simultaneous
a
l a Sim-ul-tan-eous
assaa aa aa
3 Entertain En-ter-tain 4 Domestic Do-mes-tic
5 President a
dd s
a s
Pre-si-dent
dd
6 aass Fantastic Fan-tas-tic
7 Forceps
P
..Paa
For-ceps
P
.. Paa
8 Serenely Se-rene-ly
ww ww
wwww wwww
9 Donkey Don-key 10 Particular Par-ti-cu-lar
11 Advantage Ad-van-tage 12 Expression Ex-pres-sion
266
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N 13 Dramatic Dra-ma-tic
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 14 Daughter
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Daugh-ter
assaa aa aa
15 Detect De-tect 16 Laboratory La-bo-ra-to-ry
17 Stupid
a s
a
Stu-pid
dd s 18
a
dd s
a s
Magnificent Mag-ni-fi-cent
19 Confidence
P
.. Paa
Con-fi-dence
P
20
..Paa Banana Ba-na-na
21 Accident
ww Ac-ci-dent
ww22 Extermination Ex-ter-mi-na-tion
23
25
Eradicate
wwww
Alliteration
E-ra-di-cate
Al-li-te-ra-tion
wwww 24
26
Electronic
Appreciation
E-lec-tro-nic
Ap-pre-ci-a-tion
27 Comprehensive Com-pre-hen-sive 28 Argumentative Ar-gu-men-ta-tive
29 Demonstrate De-mon-strate 30 Institution In-sti-tu-tion
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N 31
33
Cucumber
Formidable
Cu-cum-ber
l a
l i
a
For-mi-da-ble.iN
.N 32
34
l a
l i
a .iN
Statistics
.N
Eccentric
Sta-tis-tics
Ec-cen-tric
assaa 35 Astrology
saa
s
As-tro-lo-gy
aa 36
as
asaaApparatus Ap-pa-ra-tus
et
37 Establishment
PPaadd
Es-tab-lish-ment
P
38
Padd
a Electrician E-lec-tri-ci-an
39 Evil
ww.. E-vil
w
w ..40 Adequate A-de-quate
wwww wwww
.N
41 Associations As-so-ci-a-tions 42 Sister Sis-ter
43 Economic E-co-no-mic 44 Certificate Cer-ti-fi-cate
45 education E-du-ca-tion
ai
I. Govt. Exam Questions :- II. Exercises :-
eet t eet t II) Choose the appropriate syllabification for the
l a
l i
a .iN
I) 1. Choose the Trisyllabic word Sep 2020
.N a) laughter al l
b) auction
a
l i
a .iN
.N given word.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
1. a) bio-g-ra-phy b) bi-o-gra-phy
c) interesting
a s
a s
d) languages
a s
a s
as
2.
P Paadd
Choose the trisyllabic word Mar 2020
P
2.
Paadd
c) bi-og-ra-phy
a) an-ti-ci-pa-ted b) ant-ici-pated
a) distinguished
w
w .. b) fortunately
ww.. c) an-ti-cipa-ted d) anti-ci-pat-ed
c) information d) traditional
c) ex-pe-ri-ment d) experi-ment
Add. Q. No.: 9 Singular & Plural (P.No.81) 1 Mark
t t
.P
ee
F¿¥ò t :-
e e t
l a
l i
a .iN
.Nnjh;e;bjLj;J vGj ntz;Lk;. l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s brhy;ypd; rhpahd gd;ik (plural form) bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s 4 tpilfsppypUe;J
assaa aa ia gad;gLj;jt[k;. aa
w
wwww g‹ik)
Plural means ‘more then one’ (
wwww
“s,ss,sh,ch,x”
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N page pages
lal i
a.iN
.N ass
l a
l i
a .iN
.N asses
assaa aa aa
horse horses
girl
a
dd s
a
girls s ddaass
brush
rash
brushes
rashes
book
P
..Paa
books
P
.. Paa match matches
animal
ww animals
ww watch watches
crow
bird wwww crows
birds wwww box
fox
boxes
foxes
267
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
3.
.N eg. Radio.
l a
l a .iN
By adding “s” to the nouns ending in vowel+o:
i . N 7.
l a
l i
a .iN
. N
By adding “ves” to the noun ending in “f,fe”
assaa aa aa
Singular Plural
Exception: ( ÉâÉy¡F)
a
dd s
a s calf a
dd s
a s calves
Singular
P
.. Paa
Plural
P
..P
leafaa leaves
stereo
w w
stereos
ww
wolf wolves
portfolio
cuckoo wwww portfolios
cuckoos wwww wife
knife
wives
knives
bamboo bamboos
Words of foreign origin and abbreviated words Exception: (ÉâÉy¡F)
et
e t eet t
ending in “o” take “s” only (“o” - ¡F K‹dhvowel chief - chiefs
lalai.iN
.N ïšyhÉ£lhY«)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N cliff - cliffs
l
roof - roofs a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
(e.g)
photo - photos
aass as
as
belief - beliefs
et
piano - pianos
PPaadd add
a
scarf - scarfs
P P
kilo
w
- kilos
w.. w ..
gulf - gulfs
w
wwww wwww
.N
dynamo - dynamos
8. By adding “s” to the noun ending in “ful”
4. By adding “es” to the nouns ending in
Singular Plural
ai
consonant +o
spoonful spoonfuls
(e.g)
eet t
hero ----- consonant (bkŒbaG¤J)
eet t mouthful mouthfuls
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Singular al l a
l i
a
Plural.iN
.N cupful
l a
l i
a .iN
.N cupfuls
assaa aa aa
armful armfuls
echo
a s
a
echoes s a s
a s
as
mosquito
P Paadd
mosquitoes 9.
aadd
Vowel change:
P P
mango
w
w .. mangoes
ww.. Singular Plural
potato
wwww potatoes
wwww foot feet
ad
tooth teeth
5. By adding “s” to the nouns ending in goose geese
vowel (e.g) boy ____ vowel man men
t t
.P
ee t Singular Plural
ee t woman women
l a
l i
a .iN
.N day days
l a
l i
a.iN
.N (filá th®¤ijia g‹ikahf lalai.iN
.N
10. In compund words, usually only the last word is
key keys
lay
dd a
lays
ass a
dd s
a s
made plural.
monkey
P
.. Paamonkeys
P
.. Paa
w
Singular Plural
toy
www w toys
wwww boy - friend boy - friends
ww w
w
w
6. By adding “ies” to the nouns ending in consonant fountain - pen fountain - pens
+y(y- ia vL¤JÉ£L “ies”
nr®¡f nt©L«) grown - up grown - ups
(e.g)
11. In noun+preposition+noun structure the first word
eet t
baby ____ consonant (bkŒbaG¤J)
eet t is made plural.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Singular
lal i
a.iN
.N
Plural
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
(Kjš th®¤ij g‹ikahf kh‰w¥gL»wJ)
assaa s aa
s ssaa
lady ladies Singular Plural
story
aa a
dd a
stories
add
a aa
mother - in - law mothers - in - law
army
ww P
..P armies
ww P
.. P
daughter - in - law daughters - in - law
wwww wwww
duty duties passer - by passers - by
family families runner - up runners - up
268
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN woman is the first word.
l a
l i
a .iN
12. Both the words are made plural where man or
.N .N c) Miscellaneous:
baggage
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
weather
assaa aa aa
(man mšyJ woman Kjš th®¤ijahf
aass
dïu©ilí«
ïUªjhš, mªj th®¤ijí«, mnjhL
d tU«
furniture
ddaa ss traffic
et
e t
woman student
t t
women students
ee
trousers, pyjamas, pants, jeans, shorts, tights.
lalai.iN
.N( ia vL¤J É£L nr®¡f nt©L«) lalai.iN
13. .N
By adding “a” to the nouns ending in “um”:
b)
l a
l a .iN
.N
tools/instruments:
i
binoculars, scissors, tongs, spectacles, pincers.
assaa aa aa
um ‘a’
aass c)
as
asmiscellaneous:
et
Singular
P Pa add Plural
P Padd
a arrears, clothes, belongings, goods, premises,
medium
ww.. media
ww .. regards, riches, thanks, wages.
wwww www w
.N
bacterium bacteria 18. Nouns singular in form but plural sense:
curriculum curricula
(mik¥ãš xUik nghš ïUªjhY«
erratum errata m®¤j¤âš g‹ik)
agendum agenda
ai
cattle, people, police, clergy, cavelry.
datum data
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
14.
to form the plural.
l a
l a .iN
.N
In some nouns ending in ‘on’, drop ‘on’ and take ‘a’
al i l a
l a .iN
(xUikí«, g‹ikí« x‹nw)
i .N
deer, sheep, public, hair, series, species,
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
(on ia vL¤J É£L ‘a’ nr®¡f nt©L«) spectacles, fish
a a a a
as
Singular
P Paadd Plural
aadd
20. Nouns ending in “ics”
P P
criterion
w
w ..criteria (ïit xUikahf
ww ..
fUj¥gL»‹wd)
wwww wwww
phenomenon phenomena mathematics, physics, politics, civics, phonetics,
ad
l a
l i
a .iN
.N antenna antennae
l a
l i
a.iN
.N terminus
l a
l i
a.iN
.N termini
assaa aa aa
w
alumnus alumni
formula
dd s
a s
formulae
a a
dd s
a s
fungus fungi
16.
Nouns always singular:
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
help wisdom
Exercises :
mercy pride
1. Choose the correct plural form of ‘radius’
b) Material nouns:
eet t
bread cement
eet t a) radii b) radi
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
butter coal
lal i
a.iN
.N 2.
l a
l a .iN
c) radiuses
i .N d) radio
What is the singular of ‘lives’?
assaa aa aa
jam gold
jelly ice
a
dd s
a s ddaass
a) lifes b) lives
milk
salt
ink
iron
P
..Paa P
.. P
3.
aa c) life
Plural form of mouse
d) livess
sugar lime ww ww
wine
flour
wwww
sand
water
wwww a) mice
c) mices
b) mouses
d) mousess
269
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
4.
.N Plural for dozen
a) dozens b) dozen
l a
l i
a .iN
.N5. Plural for deer
a) deer
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
b) deers
Add. Q. No.: 10
aa aa
ddSentence Pattern a a dd a a 1 Mark
w w P
.. P w
w P
..P
bfhLf;fg;gl;w
F¿¥ò :-
Lw
ww www ) jug;gl;Ls;s 4
s;s thf;fpaj;jpd; rhpahd thh;j;ij mikg;ig ( w sentence pattern
tpilfspypUe;J njh;e;bjLj;J vGjntz;Lk;.
,t;tif tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f Ec Loyola main g[j;jfj;ij gad;gLj;jt[k;.
et
e t e t
e t
gapw;rp bra;J ghh;f;f Ec Loyola gapw;rp g[j;jfj;ij gad;gLj;jt[k;.
lalai.iN
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
entence pattern has the following components.
S
l Verb (V)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa saa Ãiyianah F¿¡»wJ)(braiynah. aassaa
s
Subject -S
aa Points our action or state.
et
Verb - V
P aadd
Direct Object(DO)
P P Paadd
Object
w
-O
w.. w
w ..
Usually placed after the subject.
(bghJthf subject
wwww ww
Indirect Object (IO)
.N
Complement -C ¡F mL¤J tU«)
Adjunct -A ww
e.g: 1. He works hard.
(braš) action
Subject S
ai
2. The rose is beautiful (state - Ãiy)
Verb V
eet t eet t Object: (O)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Object
Complement
O
Cal l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Person, thing etc, affected by the action of the verb
assaa aa bghUŸ) aa
(verb-‹ Éidahš ghâ¡f¥gL« MŸ mšyJ
Adjunct A
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P Paadd e.g:
P Paadd
Guidelines for you:
w
w .. ww..
1. He killed his enemies
Subject (S):
wwww www
w O
ad
(mt‹ bfhšY«
Person or thing that is being discussed or described braš mt‹ ia enemies-
(xU th¡»a¤âš ÉtÇ¡f¥gL« MŸ mšyJ ghâ¥gjhš ï›th¡»a¤âš object-MdJ
bghUŸ) enemies MF«)
t t
.P
e e t ee t
Subject can be in the form of a single word (or) 2. I kicked the ball
l a
l i
a .iN
.Ngy th®¤ijfŸ cilajhfnth ïU¡fyh«) lalai.iN N cij¡F« brayhš
.(eh‹
group of words (subject jÅ th®¤ijahfnth O
MdJ lal i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa ghâ¡fgltjhš, ï›th¡»a¤âš aMdJ aa ball
w
a ass
Subject is usually placed at the beginning of
bghJthf dd dd s
a s object
a a
the sentence (Subject-
bjhl¡f¤âš ïU¡F«) .P
. P
th¡»a¤â‹ MF«.)
P
.. Paa
ball -only transitive verbs take an object.
w
wwww
Raja plays football. ia¡
wwww(v‹d), (ahiu,
f©L ão¡f Object-
w
The brave king defeated his enemies. ia neh¡» Verb what whom
The lady in blue saree is our managing director. ahU¡F) v‹w nfŸÉfis¡ nf£f nt©L«.
How to find out the subject (Subject
ia¡ e.g:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a
Verb ia neh¡» who (ah®) which (vJ) v‹w
l l ai.iN
.N
a i .iN
.N
v‹d ÉU«ò»nwh« (Ans :ice cream)
l l a
assaa s aa ahiu neá¡»nwh«
s ssaa
nfŸÉfis¡ nf£lhš »il¡F« Éil subject, 2. We love john
a
e.g: 1. Meena wrote her exam well.
a a
dd a
aaddaa (Ans :john)
ah® vGâaJ .PP P P
. . fŸ ïU¡F«.
ww ww .
(Ans: Meena) ftšf :
w
áy th¡»a§fËš ïu©Lw object
wwww
2. The cat drinks milk
wwFo¤jJ
vJ (Ans: The cat) (v‹d) v‹w what
nfŸÉfS¡F »il¡F«
270
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.NÉil Direct Object(DO)
l
whom (ahiu, ahU¡F) v‹w nfŸÉfS¡F a
l i
a .iNN ia t®Â¡F«
.ïit (Object « c©L a
l l a .iN
2. Objective complement:
i . N complement
assaa e.g:
aa a
dd s
a a
sa
»il¡F« Éil Indirect Object (IO) ¡F mL¤J tU«)
e.g:
aaddaas
Object
saa
My uncle gave
w P
.. P
me a gift
w P
.. P
1. We selected Praveen the leader
w w
IO DO
wwww ahU¡f bfhL¤jh®
v‹d bfhL¤jh® wwww
object
ia t®Â¡»wJ.
O
et t
tU«.
e e et t3. We painted the house white.
lalai.iN
.N bghJthf IO-thdJ DO-¡F K‹dhš tU«.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Adjunct (A):
O
l a
l
C
i
a .iN
.N
assaa ssaa ss aa
Complement: (C)
aa aa
These are adverbs or adverbial phrases.
et
P aa
Describe the subject (Subjectdd
ia t®Â¡»wJ
P
)
addtuyh«)‹
a
May occur anywhere in the sentence. (sentence-
P P
ww . . ¡F mL¤J ww
bjhl¡f¤ânyh,eLÉnyh,
Used after linking verbs, especially ‘be’ verbs. ..
ïWâÆnyh
wwww wwww š x‹nwh, x‹W¡F
.N
(am,is,are,was,were
ngh‹w ‘be’ verbs There may be one or more than one adjunct in
tU«) xU a sentence. ( sentence
nknyh
Complement are especially adjectives (Complement Adjunct -
fŸ ïU¡fyh«)
ai
bghJthf adjective Mf ïU¡F«) Ex:
eet
e.g:t eet t 1. The boys play in the ground
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
1. The rose is beautiful
l a
l i
a .iN
.N S
l a
l i
aV.iN
.N A
assaa aa aa
2. Joseph is a doctor. 2. Last month, she bought a new dress.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
3. Hanumanth is very happy.
P Paadd
Complements also occur after intransitive verbs
A
P Paadd S V O
w
w ..
(intransitive verbs-¡F mL¤J« Complement
ww..
3. The boys played in the ground yesterday
wwww wwww
S V A A
tU«)
ad
become, seem, appear, feel, remain, sound, taste, How to find out the adjunct
look, small, turn, be, grow, ngh‹w intransitive (Adjunctia f©Lão¡f)
verb-fS¡F mL¤J Complement tU«) bghJthf _‹W nfŸÉfŸ nf£f nt©L«.
t t
.P
e
e.g:
e t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
1. She became a nurse.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N where (v§nf)
l a
l a.iN
.N
when (v¥bghGJ) time (fhy«)
i place (ïl«)
assaa aa aa
C
w
3. It grew dark.
w
w ww
wwww www
1. We bought this watch yesterday.
C
w(v¥bghGJ)
w
When
4. The sum seems difficult.
C 2. We live in chennai
ftÅ¡f : Where (v§nf)
eet t eet t 3. They lived happily
l a
l i
a .iN
.NThere are two kinds of complements
1. Subjective complement
l a
l i
a.iN
.N (v¥go)
l a
l i
How
a .iN
.N
assaa (ïJ
mid¤J
Subject
a ssaa
ia t®Â¡F«. nkny F¿¥ã£LŸs
cjhuz§fS« d
aa d a Subjective
Exercise :
add
a aassaa
Identify the correct pattern
complements
MF«)
ww..PP 1.
w
w P
.. P
We applauded the leader yesterday.
Subiawwww
e.g: She is clever
t®Â¡»wJ. wwww a) SVCA
c) SVOC
b) SVOA
d) SVIODO
271
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
2.
a) SVCA b) SV
l a
l a .iN
.N
He is a professor with a lot of experience
i
4.
l a
l a .iN
a) SVO .N
India won the match.
i b) SVA
assaa 3.
c) SVC
a
We are meeting on Friday.
add s
a aa
s
d) SVIODO
a aa a
dd s
a
5.
aa
s c) SVC d) ASV
We met a great writer in the library
a) SVA
w
w P
.. P
b) SVC
w
w P
..P a) SVOA b) SVOC June 2019
c) SVO
Add. Q. No.: 11
wwww Articles and Determiners wwww
d) SVOA c) SVIODO d) SVCA
1 Mark
ee t t
F¿¥ò :-
eet t
lalai.iN
.Nthh; j;ijfspypUe;J njh;e;bjLj;J vGj ntz;Lk;a
l l. i.iN
a N
bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thf;fpa=;fspy; cs;s nfhol;l ,lj;jpw;F rhpahd Article ia bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s 4
. l a
l i
a .iN
. N
s
a a
sa ,g;gFjp tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f
a a sg[ja
s a
;jfj; jpy;
text gFjpapy; cs;s
prose y; cs;s sa
aas a
P.No:120-121 Article
et
y; cs;dsd dd
a[k; ek;
. Pa a
Ec Loyola main Book
gapw;rp bra;J ghh;f;f .P gap
gFjp iaa[k; ed;whf goj;Jf; bfhs;st[k;.
w;rp g[j;jfj;ij gad;gLj;jt[k;.
Ec Loyola P
.. P a a
w
w w
w
www w wwww
.N
Articles Note : 1. ‘an’ is used before a singular countable
There are two Articles noun begining with a vowel sound.
ai
They are ‘a’ ‘an’ and ‘the’ E.g. an elephant, an orange, an honest man
‘A’ and ‘An’ are called Indefinite articles. (‘h’ is silent); an heir, an M.A. an M.L.A.
eet t
‘The’ is called Definite article. eet t (‘M’ is pronounced ‘em’)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
2. An is not used before certain nouns begining
assaa aa aa
ARTICLES with vowel letters because they do not begin
a s
a s a s
a swith vowel sounds.
as
Indefinite articles
P Paadd Definite articles
P Paa
dd E.g. a unicorn, a useful article, a European
(a & an)
w
w .. (the)
ww.. (these words begin with consonant
wwww wwww
word, that of ‘yu’), a one rupee note
ad
t t
.P
ee t
The indefinite article is used:
ee t i) When we speak of a particular person or thing or
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
i) before countable nouns to indicate one.
a i
a.iN
one already referred to.
.N
I saw a man in our office. The man was blind.
l l
assaa aa aa
E.g. I have a scooter and two bicycles.
w
ii)
a s
a s
to indicate cost, speed or frequency.
dd a
dd s
This is the house that Jack built.
a s
P
.. Paa
E.g. Milk sells at Rs. 10.50 a litre.
P
.. Paaii) before the names of things which are unique of
w
their kind.
ww
Super fast trains run at 200 kilometres
an w ww
wwww
The sun, the moon, the sky, the earth
www
hour.
w
The doctor advised him to take the iii) before the names of oceans, seas, mountains,
medicine four times a day. rivers, groups of islands and certain places.
iii) for certain numbers. he Indian ocean, the Arabian sea, the Himalayas,
T
the Ganges, the Andaman Nicobar islands, the
eet t E.g a hundred, a couple, no dozen
eet t Deccan, the Punjab
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l
as the representative of a class.
l a.iN
.N
iv) in the sense of any, to single and individual
a i iv)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
before the names of certain books.
assaa a s
a aa
s
E.g. A pupil should respect his teacher.
aadd
A rolling stone gathers no moss.
add
a
v)
aassaa
the Ramayana, the Bible, the Iliad
before Superlatives
v)
w P
..P
to turn a proper noun into a common noun.
w ww P
.. P Latha is the tallest girl in the class
wwww
E.g. He is a Solomon in his wisdom.
He is a Thilak in his outlook. wwww vi) before musical instruments in a general sense.
I play the violin. (Note : I bought a violin)
272
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t e t
e t
lalai .iN
.N
vii) before adjectives used as nouns
The rich can afford luxuries.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N f)
e.g. 1.
l a
l a .iN
.N
Before titles used in apposition
i Elizabeth, Queen of England
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
(the rich = the rich people) 2. Sanjeevi Reddy, President of India
aa a
dd a
viii) before the names of newspapers, political parties g)
a a
dd a
efore school, college, church, bed, table, hospital,
B
a
and great events
ww P
.. P ww P
..P market, prison. When these places are visited or
used for their primary purpose.
Movement wwww
The Hindu, The Congress, The Quit India
e.g. wwww 1.
2.
Did you go to school yesterday.
We go to church on Sundays.
ix) before a proper noun when it is qualified by an 3. My uncle is still in hospital.
adjective Note : ‘The’ is used with these words when we refer
et
e t The Great Akbar
eet t to them as a definite place, building or object
lalai.iN
.N
x) before collective nouns
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
rather than to the normal activity that goes on
assaa aa aa
The army. the mob there.
aass as
as
e.g. 1. The School I am attending is very near
et
xi) with ordinals
P aadd
She was the first to leave the hall.
P P Padd
a my home.
ww.. w
w .. 2. I met him at the church.
wwww wwww
xii) before singular nouns to represent a whole class. 3. I went to the hospital to see my uncle.
.N
The cow is a domestic animal. h) In certain phrases.
xiii) as an adverb with comparatives. e.g. to send word; to leave school; to leave home; to
lose heart; to give battle; to give ear; by night;
ai
The more you work, the more you earn.
by train; on foot; in jail; to market; at dinner; at
eet t
Omission of Article
e et t school; at day break.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Article is omitted
al l a ai .iN
a) Before a common noun used in its wider sense.
l .N :-
Excercise
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
e.g. 1. Man is immortal Fill in the blanks with a suitable article or
a s
a s a s
a s
as
determiner
P Paadd
2. What kind of flowers is it?
b) Before the names of materials or uncountable 1.
P Paadd
The telephone is on _____ table.
nouns.
w
w .. ww.. a) the b) a c) an
wwww
e.g. 1. Gold is a precious metal.
wwww2. My uncle works for _____ foreigner
ad
l a
l i
a .iN
.Ne.g.
d)
l a
l i
a.iN
Before abstract nouns in general case. .N
3. London is the capital of England.
5.
a) an
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
b) a c) the
Mary kom was given ____ warm welcome at the
assaa aa aa
w
1.
2.
dd s
a s
Wisdom is the gift of heaven.
a
Honesty is the best policy. a s s
airport. Aug 2022
dd a
P
.. Paa P
.. Paaa) the b) an
w
Determiners are words placed in front of a noun to clarify what the noun refers to.
eet t Types of Determiners eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Articles Demonstrative
lal i
a.iN
.N
Possessive adjectives
l a
l a .iN
Quantifiers
i .N Numbers Ordinals
assaa aa aa
Some, any one, two first, second
a this
a
dd s
a s
my, your
ddaass
few, little three, four third, last
an
the
that
these P
..Paa his, her
its, our P
.. Paa more, much twenty next
ww ww
wwww wwww
those your, their any, every hundred
273
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
a.
.N l a
l i
a .iN
Read the paragraph below and fill in the
blanks using ‘a, an’ or ‘the’. (Pg. 11) .N a i
a .iN
.N
medium sized plants. The emperor entered the hall.
He was much amused to see those plants. He
l l
assaa s aa s aa
It is said that (1) the computer is (2) an electronic
a
dd a s
extension of the human brain. Therefore, in a
dd a s
called the first minister and asked him what he did
with the seed. The minister explained the process
P aa
principle, (3) a computer can do all those activities
.. P P
..Paa he adopted to make the plant grow. The emperor
ww
which (4) a human brain can do. Today computers
ww called every other minister to explain what they
wwww
are found to be (5) the most useful devices as
knowledge providers. Another important field of wwww
application of computers is (6) the development of
did. Only one minister had come with an empty
pot. They laughed loudly at the foolishness of this
minister. But the Emperor applauded him and made
robots. (7) The internet has brought (8) a drastic him the next Emperor. Do you know why? He had
change in communication systems.
et
e t eet t given them boiled seeds which will not grow. Only
lalai.iN
.N
b.
l a
l a .iN
.N
In the following paragraph, insert ‘a, an,’
i
or ‘the’ wherever necessary and rewrite the
l a
l a .iN
.N
one minister was honest.
i
assaa aa aa
d. Fill in the blanks with appropriate
sentences. (Pg. 11)
aass as
asdeterminers. (Pg. 14)
et
PPaadd
In our family, we have planned to take the children
P Padd
a i) They came early but there was little (little /
ww..
to the zoo the next Sunday. A van has been
arrranged and we are sure to have a comfortable
w
w .. a little ) work to do.
wwww wwww
.N
journey. The Zoo is an interesting place for children ii) Anand invited a few (few / a few) friends for
who enjoy watching animals and want to know the birthday party.
more about them. Even youngsters love to visit the iii) The teacher gave every (all / every) student
ai
zoo. a separate topic for the assignment.
c.
eet tFill in the blanks with appropriate
eet t iv) Most of (Most of / Many) the water over
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
determiners. (Articles have been included) -
l a
l a .iN
.N
flowed from the tank.
i
v) Each one of my friends (friend / friends)
assaa
(Pg. 11)
a s
a aa
s
Once the emperor gave a bag of seeds to his council
a s
a aa
s wished me on my birthday.
as
aadd
of ministers and said that he would give them six
P P P Paaddvi) Vijay had no (no / any) idea about the
w
w ..
months’ time to grow the seeds. Whoever does a
ww.. problem.
wwww wwww
good job will be made the next emperor of that vii) Adhi had taken many (much / many) photos
ad
empire. All the ministers took their task seriously. during the programme.
After six months many ministers had small plants in viii) Some (Some / Few) girls who attended the
their pots. A few had very large plants. Some had class informed the others about the test.
t t
.P
ee t
Add. Q. No.: 13 Linkers / Connectors
ee t 1 Mark
l a
l i
a .iN
.NF¿¥ò :- l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aaÉdh-ÉilfŸ ju¥gg£LŸsd. aa
w
aa aa khâÇ
dd ga‹gLtJ) aa a
dd a
Linkers are words that are used in sentences to link or join ideas.
P
.. P P
.. P
w
e
et t eet t
They do not simply join sentences together. They also show how ideas are related.
l a
l i
a .iN
1..N
Exercise :
He is intelligent ______ lazy.
lal i
a.iN
.N 3.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
____the cat is away, the mice are at play.
assaa a) so
c) but
a a s
a aa
s
b) when
add
d) though
add
a
4.aassaa
a) where b) If c) when d) As
_____ he is rich, he is humble
2.
ww P
..P
_____ he was weak, he could not pass the exam
ww P
.. P a) Because b) Though c) As d) When
a) As
c) unless wwww b) Though
d) If wwww 5. ____ you have an entry pass, you can get in
a) unless b) If c) As d) Because
274
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N PHRASES
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
A ‘phrasal preposition’ is a preposition. It has the structure of a phrase. So, it has a group of words in it.
a a ss
It lays the role of a preposition.
dd-‹)K‹Åil¢brhš. ddaass
Phrase preposition
mJ K‹Åil¢brhšÈ.P
. Pa a
v‹gJ brh‰bwhl®
(preposition P
..Paa
mJ brh‰bwhl® tot« bfh©lJ. vÅD«
w w braiy¢brŒí«.
w w
Examples:
wwww
Inspite of tiredness, I continued my work
On account of poverty, Rita wears a simple dress.
wwww
Phrase preposition
t t
In the event of working hard, you’ll be rich.
ee eet t
lalai.iN
.N
Phrase preposition
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a
nkny Phrase Preposition xU bga®¢brhšY¡F K‹ tªJ, mªj bga®¢brhšY¡F« vGthŒ¡F« .iN
.N
assaa ssaa
ïilÆš cŸs bjhl®ig preposition I¥ nghynt És¡F»wJ.
aa as
asaa
et
PPaadd
PHRASE PREPOSITIONS AND THEIR MEANINGS:
P Pa add
w
w .. w
w ..
wwww khwhfMjuthf wwww cl‹
Phrase Meaning Phrase Meaning
.N
In favour of in support of, in search of
njo¡bfh©L searching,
Contrary to against, in addition to
nr®ªJ adding to,
ai
at the end of at last, ïWâÆš instead of in place of, gâyhf
eet
in spite of
t despite ,ïUªj nghâY«
eet t by the side of near, mU»š
l a
l i
a .iN
but for
.N
in the middle of
without, ïšyhkš
al
centre, eLÉš
l a
l i
a .iN
.N in course of
according to
mj‹ go
l a
l i
a .iN
in process of, elªJ bfh©LŸs
.N
assaa ssaa s aa
s
in front of before K‹ghf as a result of consequently,
aa a a
as
in accordance with
PP a add
according to, mo¥gilÆš in case of
P Paadd
Éisthf v‹w g£r¤âš if,
in consequence of
in the event of ww..
as a result of, Éisthf
in case of, v‹»w g£r¤ây, w w ..
on the basis of
mo¥gilahf bfh©L
on behalf of
wwwwm¥go¢ brŒjhš wwww r«gªjkhf
(mtU)¡fhf
ad
ee t
in order to with the purpose of ,
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N v‹gj‰fhf
l a
l ai.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
with reference to
wby referring to ,
w w
favourable for
w rhjfkhd favouring,
eet
on top of
ahead oft nkny c¢áÆš
eet t in the wake of
mo¥gilÆš
after, ãwF
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
fond of
öu¤âš
ÉU¥g«
lal i
a.iN
.N a
in response to
l l i
a .iN
.N to answer, gâyË¡f
assaa s aa s aa
in and around at the back of behind, ã‹dhš
inferior to jhϻj a
dd a s
cŸnsí«, R‰¿í«
ddaa s
in view of viewing, fU¤âš bfh©L
superior to
PPaa
K‹dÂÆš
.. P
.. Paa
owing to fhuzkhf
on account of
ww
fhuz«
ww due to fhuzkhf
because of
with the help of wwww fhuzkhf
cjÉíl‹ wwww by dint of
by means of
fhuzkhf
fhuzkhf
275
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
I. Govt. Exam Question :
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Fill in the blanks with suitable phrase preposition
II. Exercises:
1.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
I don’t think I can _____ three small children in the
assaa 1.
a s
a aa
s
Education must aim at teaching ethical and moral
aadd
values ______ imparting knowledge. Mar 2020
aadd s
car.
a a aa
s
a) put up with b) because of
a) in place of
ww P
.. P ww P
..P c) fond of d) with the help of
wwww wwww
b) in exchange for 2. ____ the heavy rain, the match continued
c) in addition to a) Inspite of b) due to
d) in accordance with c) in the event of d) in case of
3. _____ he saw the snake, he ran away
2. _____ heavy rain the match was cancelled May 2022
a) Because b) As soon as
et
e ta) Due to b) Inspite of
eet t c) In case of d) Due to
lalai.iN
.N
3.
c) Despite
l
He played ____ his illness. MDL a
l a .iN
d) Incase of
i .N 4.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
_____ the headmaster, the teacher - in - charge
assaa aa aa
attended the meeting
a) incase of
aass
b) Inspite of
as
as
et
c) in the event of
PPaadd d) with regards to
P Padd
a
a) on behalf of
c) If
b) Inspite of
d) unless
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
CONJUNCTIONS
.N
A) Subordination Conjunctions : when, as, though, if, unless, because, after, before, as soon as
Co-ordinating Conjunctions : and, but, so, or, otherwise, and then
B) Relative Clause:
ai
ïU th¡»a§fis Relative Clause bfh©L« ïiz¡fyh« . mit F¿¤J ï§F fh©ngh«...
e t
e t
Relative Pronouns: e t
e t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N ah® ahU¡F, ahUl‹, ahUila
Who ( ), whom( al l a
l i
a .iNN
.bghU£fŸ
whose ( vJ mJ, mªj
l a
l i .iN
.N
), which (
a ), that( )
wwww wwww
ad
ïiz¡F« Kiw:
Who:
He is Ram. He is an engineer.
t t
.P
ee t ee t
xU th¡»a§fË‹ vGthí« (Subject)-He ïu©lh« th¡»a«, mtiu¥ g‰¿ xU jftš jU»wJ. ïu©lh«
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a.iN
.N
th¡»a¤â‹ vGthŒ He ia kh‰¿ vd ngh£lhš xnu th¡»akh¡fyh«.
i l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Who is an engineer vdthF« gFâia Kjš th¡»a vGthŒ He g¡f« nr®¤J vGâdhš He Who is an
assaa aa aa
w
ïu©lh« th¡»a« Fkh® g‰¿ ngRtjdhš ïu©lh« th¡»a¤ij who is a doctor vd kh‰¿, th¡»a¤ij
ww ww
wwwv‹w (cilik bghUS¡F tU«) wwww
ïiz¡f nt©L«. m¥nghJ I met Kumar who is a doctor. vd xnu th¡»akhF«.
v‹gJw
w
3) Whose Whose
4) Which/that v‹gJ bghU£fS¡F tU«. preposition mj‹ K‹ ïUªjhš, in which/from which vd vGj nt©L«.
5) Here.there-¡F where vd tU«.
6)
eet t
Then-¡F when vd tU«.
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N A REFERENCE
lal i
a N
.N
.iTABLE l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa RELATIVE
PRONOUNS
Who ah®
Whose
aa
ahUila a
- MŸ
as
dd-- MŸsaa aassaa
I, We, You, He, She, They, any names (person)
add
a
my, our, your, his, her, their (person)
w
w P P
.vJ. - bghUŸ
whomahU¡F MŸ P
.. P
me, us, you, him, her, them (person)
ww
wwww mªj - bghUŸ
Which
That wwww
Things (non-human)
Things (non-living)
276
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N RELATIVE
ADVERBS
When
Where
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
v¥bghGJ - neu« Time
Place
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
v§nf - ïl«
Why
a
dd s
a s
V‹ - fhuz« Reason
a
dd s
a s
How
P
.. Paa v¥go - j‹ik
P
..Pa
Manner
a
Govt. Exam Questions: ww ww
(SCERT -1)
wwww
1. Fill in with suitable phrases/conjunctions: wwww 3. Fill in the blanks with suitable phrases/
conjunctions: (SCERT -3)
___ difficulty, you should refer to a dictionary ____ ____ rain, the match was cancelled ____ the crowd
know the meaning of the words. got rejected. Ans: Due to, so
et
e t e t t
Ans: In case of, to
e
lalai.iN
.N l a i .iN
.N
2. Fill in with suitable phrases/conjunctions:
l a l a
l i
a .iN
.N
4. Fill in the blanks with suitable phrases/
assaa aa aa
conjunctions (HY- 18)
(SCERT -2)
aass as
as
et
____ his hard work he won the prize _____ he was
match.
PPaadd
He played ___ his illness _____ his team lost the
Ans: Inspite of, but
P Padd
a unhappy. Ans: Inspite of, But
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
Add. Q. No.: 14 Spelling 1 Mark
F¿¥ò :-
ai
,t;tif tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f Ec Loyola main g[j;jfj;ij gad;gLj;jt[k;.
eet t
gapwr
t t
; p bra;J ghh;f;f Ec Loyola gapw;rp g[j;jfj;ij gad;gLj;jt[k;.
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l
Spellinga
l i
a .iN
.N
Rules l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Add. Q. No.: 14 1 Mark
a s
a s a s
a s
as
What is spelling?
P Paadd P P add
spelling rules that you have already learnt in your earlier
a
w
w ..
Spelling is the art of assembling letters in the
ww..
classes.
wwww wwww
right order to form words. This is one of the most 1. Final ‘e’
ad
e
sounds.
e t ee t / close + ed closed strike + ing striking/
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Spelling in English is tricky. It is because there
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
like + ing - liking / fine + er - finer / wise
assaa aa aa
are twenty six letters in the English alphabet, but there + \ er - wiser / large + er - larger brave +
w
a s
a s
are about forty- four basic sounds. Moreover, the letters
dd a
dd s
a s est - bravest / safe +est - safest / nice +
P
.. Paa
often do not match with the sounds. We should never
P
.. Paa est - nicest / love + able - lovable / move +
w
eet
crossword puzzles
t eet t move + ment - movement / sure + ly -
l a
l i
a .iN
.Nsplitting long words into short chunks
learning syllabification of words
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
surely / nine + ty - ninety
assaa aa aa
c) Exceptions to the rule
a
dd s
a s
making a list of tricky words and memorizing them
ddaass e.g. t rue + ly - truly / due + ly - duly / awe +
P
..Paa
knowing the rules of spelling
P
.. Paa ful - awful / nine + th - ninth / wise + dom
- wisdom / argue + ment- argument
ww
There are certain spelling rules in English. If we
ww
wwww wwww
observe those rules, we will be able to avoid spelling
mistakes while writing. Let’s have a quick recap of some
d) I n the following words, the final ‘e’ is retained to
keep e or g’ soft before ‘a’ or o.
277
eet t eet t
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a a .iN
.N
e.g. c hange + able - changeable/ manage + able
i
- manageable / courage + ous - courageous
l
l a a .iN
.N
But if the words ends with I, the letter I is
i
doubled in British English, even if the last part
l
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
/trace + able - traceable / notice + able - of the word is unstressed.
noticeable
aa a
dd a aa a
dd a e.g. travel + ed - + er - traveller / quarrel + ing-
2. Final ‘y’
ww P
.. P ww P
..P quarrelling travelled / travel
wwww wwww
a) In words ending in a consonant + y, the letter (Note the exception: parallel + ed paralleled)
‘y’ changes to ‘ie’ before -s’ and to i before -ed,
d) I f the word to which the suffix -ful is added ends
-er, -est and -ly.
in ll’, one T is dropped in British English. e.g.
e.g. lady + s – ladies / carry + s - carries / fairy + s skill + ful- skilful
- fairies / worry + ed - worried fry + ed’- fried
et
e t eet t
/ marry + ed - married / lucky + er - luckier 4. Use of ‘ie’ and ‘ei’
lalai.iN
.N l a i .iN
.N
/ funny + er - funnier / happy + er - happier
l a l a
l i
a .iN
a) W .N
hen ‘ie’ or ‘ei’ is pronounced like ‘ee’ in ‘bee, ‘i’
assaa aa aa
/ easy + est - easiest / funny + est - funniest comes before ‘e’ except after ‘c.
aass as
as
et
P aadd
/ busy + est - busiest / easy + ly - easily /
happy + ly - happily
P P Padd
a
e.g. ‘ie’ - field / achieve/ believe ‘ei’ after ‘c’ -
b) T
ww.. w
w ..
he letter ‘y’ does not change if it comes after a
receive / deceive / receipt / deceit
wwww wwww
(Note some exceptions: seize / surfeit / protein)
.N
vowel letter.
b) T
his rule does not apply to those words, where
e.g. p
ray + s-prays/pray + ed- prayed / pray +
the two vowels (ei) not pronounced like are ‘ee’
ing - praying / pray + er - prayer
ai
as in ‘bee’.
c) Exceptions to the rule
l a
l i
a .iN
.N ly - daily al l a
l i
a .iN
.N 5.
l a
l a .iN
.N
friend
i
Use of ‘oi’ and ‘oy’
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
d) T
he letter ‘y’ in the end does not change before
a a a a ‘oi’ is used in the middle of a word and ‘oy’ is used
as
-ing.
w ..
e.g. try + ing - trying / worry + ing worrying
w ww.. e.g. turmoil, soil, boil / destroy, boy, toy
wwww wwww
e) The final ‘ie’ changes to ‘y’ before -ing.
ad
ee t ee t
one consonant letter, the consonant is doubled
l a
l i
a .iN
.N -est)
l a
l a.iN
.N
before an ending with a vowel. (-ed, -ing, -er,
i l a
l a.iN
.N
e.g. blouse, mount, found / borrow, sorrow
i
7. Confusing endings -our, -or, -ar, -er, -re, -able, -ible,
assaa aa aa
w
e.g. d
a s
a s
rop + ed - dropped / bag + ed - bagged /
dd a
dd s
a s-ent, -ant, -ence, -ance, -ceed, -cede are often
P
.. Paa
stop + ing - stopping / plan + ing - planning
P
.. Paa confusing because there are no rules to decide
w
/ big - er - bigger / hot + est hottest when to use one or another. We should learn them
w
w ww
wwww wwww
However, only through familiarity and by use.
w
c lean + ed - cleaned / weak + er - weaker (two Here is a list of some words with each of these
vowels)/ ask + ed - asked / fast + er faster (two endings. You can recall and add a few more.
consonants) -ar-beggar, burglar, circular, grammar, particular,
eet t e t t
b) I n longer words, the final syllable is doubled if
e popular, regular, scholar, secular.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal a.iN
.N
the last part of the word is stressed.
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
-er - adviser, beginner, courier, deliver. explorer,
assaa aa aa
e.g. b
egin + ing - beginning / refer + ed – gardener, lecturer, manager, observer, promoter
a
dd s
a s
referred/ admit + ed - admitted
ddaass -or - ancestor, bachelor, corridor, director, equator,
c) T
P
..Paa
he consonant is not doubled if the last part of
P
.. Paa governor, instructor, monitor, operator, traitor
ww
the word is unstressed.
ww - our - behaviour, endeavour, flavour, rumour,
wwww wwww
e.g. visit + ing - visiting / suffer + ing - suffering
/ open + ed - opened
splendour
278
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N pressure, temperature, questionnaire
l a
l a .iN
.N
- re - agriculture, atmosphere, literature, millionaire,
i
Exercises :
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Choose the word that has been spelt correctly
assaa aadd s
a aa
s
-able acceptable, bearable, comfortable, durable,
a
profitable, respectable, valuable, workable
aadd s
a aa
s
1. a) restaurant
ac) resturant
b) restorent
d) restuorent
May 2022
- P
.. P
ible - audible, compatible, divisible, eligible,
ww ww P
..P2. a) decietfulness b) deceitfulness Sep 2020
wwww wwww
horrible, possible, responsible, sensible, terrible c) diceitfulness d) deceitfullness
-ent adjacent, confident, different, excellent, 3. A peaceful ___ spread on her face and we know
obedient, intelligent, permanent, resident, sufficient that she was dead Mar 2020
-ant - assistant, brilliant, dominant, elegant,
a) prowler b) polar
ignorant, important, pleasant, reluctant, triumphant c) pallor d) parlour
et
e t -ceed - exceed, proceed, succeed
eet t 4. a) literature b) letirature
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
-cede accede, concede, precede, recede
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
c) litareture d) literatare
assaa aa aa
-sede supersede (Note: This is the only word that 5. a) grammer b) grammar
ends with -sede)
aass as
as
et
c) grramer d) gramer
PPaadd P Padd
a
Q.No
ww.. Topics
Part-II (any seven ) w
w .. Marks
(7x2=14)
P.No
wwww wwww
.N
(Question 21-30) – Poetry and Grammar
(Transformation of sentences)
21-26 Answer any four out of six (4x2=8)
ai
Poem comprehension and Literary Appreciation
assaa aa aa
Direct and Indirect speech
a s
a s
Active-Passive Voice
a s
a s 75-77
as
aadd
Simple, Complex, Compound
P P P Paadd 175-176
w
w ..
Conditional Clause
ww.. 116-118
wwww wwww
ad
F¿¥ò :-
eh« ghl¥ò¤jf¤âš 6 poems bfhL¡f¥g£LŸsJ. mªj poem ïš ïUªJ 6 Édh¡fŸ bfhL¡f¥g£oU¡F«,
mt‰¿š vitnaD« 4 Édh¡fS¡F ÉilaË¡f nt©L«. bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs ghlš tÇfis
t t
.P
ee t ee t
(poetic lines) go¤J mjid¤ bjhl®ªJ ju¥g£LŸs Édh¡fS¡F ÉilaË¡f nt©L«, ïªj g¤J
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a.iN
.N
devices gFâ Édh¡fis e‹F go¤J¡ bfhŸsî«, nkY« e« EC LOYOLA tÊfh£o ifna£oš cŸs
l a
l a.iN
Édh¡fS¡F ÉilaË¡f poetry gFâÆš x›bthU ghlÈY« cŸs Appreciation questions and poetic
i i .N
assaa aa aa
w
(K¡»a
IMPORTANT POETIC DEVICES USED IN THE POEMS fÉij ea§fŸ)
w
w w w
1.
wwww
Once Upon a Time
wwww Ex:
w
2. Confessions of a Born Spectator 1. Shows only my teeth like a snake’s bare fangs!’-
3. Lines Written in Early Spring (Poem-1)
4. Macavity - The Mystery Cat 2. I have learned to wear many faces
eet t
5. Everest is not the only Peak
eet t Like dresses - home face” (Poem-1)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 6. The Hollow Crown
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
3. I am just glad as glad can be” (Poem-2)
assaa aa aa
1. Simile : It is a direct comparison between two 4.
He sways his head from side to side, with
dda ass
objects or events, using the words,
ddaass movements like a snake. (Poem-4)
Paa
‘as’ ,’like’, ‘as.....so’.
P
ctik v‹gJ ïu©L .ntWg£l
. P
.. Paa 5. live with bread like you, feel want, ( Poem-6)
w
w bghU£fis
ww 2. Metaphor : Here two objects are compared,
v‹w ‘brhš’wwww
x¥ãLjš. ït‰W¡FŸs
tU«.
x‰Wikia¡ fh£l
wwww without the words ‘as’ or ‘like’. It is an implied
simile.
279
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N ïJî« x¥ãLtJ jh‹. ïâš ‘nghy’, ‘ngh‹w’
brh‰fŸ (as, like) tuhJ.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 7.
l a
l i
a .iN
Interrogation : When a question is asked not for
.N
the sake of getting an answer, but to express a
assaa Ex:
1. W
a a
dd s
a aa gâiy¥ bgWtJ K¡»a« v‹¿šyhkš,aasxUsaa
s
hile their ice-block-cold-eyes...’- (Poem-1)
a
point more emphatically.
aadd
2.
ww P
.. P
He, who does not stoop, is a king we adore.
fU¤ij cWâahf P
..P
tÈíW¤â¢
xU Édhit vG¥òtJ.w
w brhštj‰fhf
wwww wwww
(Poem-5)
3. M
ake dust out paper, and with rainy eyes.
Ex: 1. And yet not so-far what can we bequeath
(Poem-6)
Save our deposed bodies to the ground?” (Poem-6)
3. Personification : It is way of giving human
qualities to non-human or inanimate objects. 8. Rhetorical Question: When a question is formed
et
e tïJ cÆu‰w bghU£fS¡F kÅj Ãiy¥
eet t to make a point rather than to elicit an answer.
lalai.iN
.N g©òfŸ bfL¤J m›thW TWtJ. k‰W«
l a
l i
a .iN N
.xU gâiy btË¡ bfh©LtUtJ
l a
l i
a .
i N
. N
assaa a a aa
cÆUŸs m~¿izfS¡F« kÅj Ãiy¥
aass s
v‹gij¡ fh£oY«, xU K¡»a Éõa¤ij
aa s
et
g©òfis¡ bfhL¤J¢ brhštJ.
Ex:
PPaadd P Paadd
btË¥gL¤Jtj‰fhf xU Édhit vG¥òtJ.
ww..
1. My soul in true thanks giving speaks -(Poem-2)
ww.. Ex: How can you say to me, I am a king?”
wwww wwww
.N
(Poem-6)
(Humanity quality is given to the soul)
2. To her fair works did nature link 9. Hyperbole : It is an extreme exaggeration used in
(Poem- 3) Human quality is given to the nature) writing, for the sake of emphasis. Here, the things
ai
3. He’s outwardly respectable. (Poem-4) (Human are made appear greater than they usually are.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 4.
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Keeps Death his court, and there the antic
l a i .iN
.N
ïy¡»a eilÆš, Äif¥gL¤â¢ brhštJ.
l a
assaa aa aa
sits,.....” (Poem-6) (Human quality is given to
death)
a s
a s a s
a s
Ex: He’s broken every human law, he breaks the
as
4. aa dd
Onomatopoeia : This device is used when a word
P P P Paaddlaw of gravity. (It is an im possible thing to break
ww . . ï¢brh‰fŸ
is used to describe a sound.
ww.. the law of gravity in our Earth). (Poem-4)
ïit xÈ ea¢
ww wïªj¢
w brh‰fË‹
brh‰fŸ.
w
w ww 10. Alliteration : It is the repetition of the initial
ad
ee t
1.
e t
When snaps the knee, and cracks the wrist
e
l a
l i
a .iN
.N words.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
(Poem-2) ‘snaps’ and cracks’ are onomatopoeic
Ex:
l a i
a.iN
.N
1. Now they shake hands without hearts.
l
assaa aa aa
w
a s
a s
2. I heard a thousand blended notes’. (Poem-3)
dd a
dd s
a s (Poem 1)
2. For this most modest physiques... (Poem 2)
5.
P
.. Paa
Repetition : It is a literary device that repeats
P
.. Paa
w
brhštU« w
idea clearer and more memorable.
5. We are proud of the position we (Poem 5)
w
fU¤J¡F
6. And tell sad stories of the death of kings:”
tifÆš xnu tÇÆš, xnu brhš âU«g¤ âU«g
(Poem 6)
tUtJ.
eet t e e
Ex: 1. I might mention Mungojerrie, I mightt t 11. Rhyme Scheme : It is the pattern or rhyme that
l a
l i
a .iN
.N mention Griddlebone, (Poem-4)
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
comes at the end of each line in the poem. In other
words, it is the structure of end words of a line that
assaa s aa s aa
6. Aphorism : It is a statement of truth or opinion
aa s
dd X® ghlÈ‹
expressed in a concise and witty manner. aa
dd tU«s
a poet needs to create when writing a poem.
RU¡fkhfî«, eif¢Ritahdaa aa
x›bthU tÇÆ‹ filá th®¤ijfË‹
c©ikahd fU¤ij w w P
..P KiwÆY«
btË¥gL¤JtJ. xÈia it¤J,
w
xnu
w P P
. . F¿p£L
khâÇ xÈ
wwww th®¤ijfis¥
Ex: ‘What Man has made of Man?’ - (Poem-3)
vGJjš. wwww
ãǤJ, mt‰iw¡
280
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
Another plays basket ball or hockey - a
l a .iN
.N
Ex: One infant grows up and becomes a jockey a
i l a a .iN
.N
x›bthU tÇÆ‹ filá th®¤ij, mšyJ áy
i
tÇfË‹ filá th®¤ijfËš xnu khâÇahd
l
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
b(Poem 2) xÈ tU«goahd th®¤ijfis nj®bjL¤J
aa a
This on the prize ring hates to enter -
ddb a
That one becomes a tackle or center -
aa a
dd a
tif¥gLjJjš.
ww P
.. P
Rhyme scheme of the given stanza is - aabb.
ww P
..PEx: To her fair works did Nature link
wwww wwww
The human soul that through me ran;
12. Rhyming Words : A rhyme is a repetition of And much it grieved my heart to think (Poem 3)
similar sounding words occuring at the end of lines What Man has made of Man.
in poems. The Rhyming words are link-think & ran-man
N eet t
Q. NO.: 27 - 30
N eet
Grammar - Transformation of Sentences
t 6 Marks
lalai.i. N
Édh¤jhËš Grammar
gFâÆYUªJ 4 Édh¡fŸ
l a
l i
a .
i . N
bfhL¡f¥g£L ïU¡F«. mt‰WŸ vitnaD« 3
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
EC Loyola Grammar
Édh¡fS¡F ÉilaË¡f nt©L«.
a
e«
a ss tÊfh£o ifna£oš cŸs gFâia
a s
e‹F
a s
et
òǪJ go¤J¡ bfhŸsî«.
PP aadd P Paadd
w
Q. NO.: 27 - 30
w . . Direct & Indirect speech ww .. 2 Marks
ww ww mjid gh®¤J
.N
w w
ghlüÈš 148-151
bjǪJ bfhŸsî«.
w w
g¡f§fËš ïj‰fhd khâÇ Édh-Éil bfhL¡f¥g£oU¡»‹wd.
ai
Direct & Indirect speech
eet t eet t
Direct and Indirect speeches are the two ways of reporting what a person says.
l a
l i
a .iN
- .N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
In the direct speech the speaker’s exact words are reported.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
- In the Indirect speech the extra meaning of the speaker’s words is retained.
a a a a
as
aadd
The Indirect speech is also known as Reported speech.
P P P Paadd
w
w ..
Direct Speech
ww.. Indirect Speech
wwww
Arjun said to Belsia, “I love my country”
wwww Arjun told Belsia that he loved his country
ad
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
place
w
w ww
wwww wwww
The Rules for Changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech.
w
eet t
a) Y
t t
es/no Question - I said to Ravi, ``Do you
ee teacher.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N know swimming?’’
lal i
a.iN
.N
b) ‘’wh’’ Question - He said to me, ``What are you
4.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Exclamatory - The lady said, ``Alas! the poor
assaa aa aa
man is dead’’
doing?’’
a
dd s
a s ddaass
-The boys said, ``Hurrah! Our school team has
3. Imperative
P
..Paa P
.. Paa won the match’’
a) R
ww
equest - She said to me, ``Please give me
ww
wwww wwww
some money?’’ -I said, ``What a fine picture it is!’’
281
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
II.
l a
l a .iN
.N
Use of conjuction and change of the reporting verb
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Reporting verb
Sentence
a
dd s
a s Direct a
dd s
a s
Indirect
conjuction
statement assertive
P
.. Paa says / said
P
..P
says / saidaa that
ww ww
wwww wwww
says to / said tells / told / tell
to say to
Interogative said, said to, asks, asked ask, If / whether
Yes / No type says to (enquired)
why type said, said to, asks, asked ask (no conjuction)
et
e t says to
eet t the Qn. word
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N given in the question
assaa saa
s ssaa
Imperative said, said to, order / orders /o
rdered /
aa aa
et
order
P Padd
a
Request
commands ww.. w
w ..
requested / commands/ to
commands commanded / advise / (for don’t= not to)
wwww wwww
.N
Advice advises / advised
Exclamatory said, said to, Exclaimed sadly with sorrow that
ai
says to, Alas… Exclaimed with joy happily
said,
eet t ``Hurrah’’
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
III. Change of pronouns. al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Person subject
a s
a aa
s object
a s
a aa
s possessive (pronoun)
as
I
P
I, we
Paadd me, us
P Paadd my, mine, our, ours, yours
II
w
w
you.. you
ww.. yours
wwww wwww
ad
III He, she, it ,they him, her, it, them his, her, its, theirs.
ee t
present simple
ee t past simple
l a
l i
a .iN
.N present continuous
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a i
a.iN
.N
past continuous
l
assaa aa aa
w
present perfect
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s past perfect
present perfect con.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa past perfect continuous
w
past simple
w
w ww past perfect
wwww
past continuous
wwww past perfect continuous
w
eet t
Direct
e t t
Indirect
e
l a
l i
a .iN
.N now
lal i
a.iN
.N
then
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
ago before/earlier/previously
today
a
dd s
a s that day
ddaass
Yesterday
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
the previous day/the last day/the day before
tomorrow
ww ww
the following day/the next day/the day after
last night
here wwww wwww
the previous night
there
282
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N Direct Indirect
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Rules :
1.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
If the Reporting Verb is in Present tense or in
assaa these
thus
a
those
a
so
add s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Future tense of the Reported part alone will not be
changed.
this
ww P
.. P
that
ww P
..P - The servant says, “Tea is ready”. (The servant
hence
wwww thence
wwww says that tea is ready)
- The teacher will say,” The boy was dull” (The
teacher will say that the boy was dull)
VI.
Change of primary modal Auxiliary
verbs 2. If the Reported speech related to some universal or
et
e t
Direct Indirect
eet t habitual fact, the tense of the reported part alone
lalai.iN
.N am was
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
remains unchanged.
i
assaa aa aa
- He said , “The earth is round”. (He said that the
is
aass as
asearth is round)
et
are
PP dd
were
aa P a
3.
P dd
a If the reporting verb is in past tense, verbs in
Was
were ww.. had been
w
w .. the reported part must be changed into the
wwww wwww
.N
corresponding past form.
go went
goes - She said, “The child cries”. (She said that the
child cried.)
went hadgone
ai
have had Rules to be followed while changing into
eet t
has
eet t Reported speech.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N do al
did
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 1.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Remove the comma after the reporting verb (said/
assaa aa aa
does said to)
a s
a s a s
a s
as
did
P P add
had done
a
2.
P
3.
PaaddRemove the quotation marks
Use conjunction
shall
will
w
w .. ww..
4. Change the tense of the reported verb
can
wwww should, would, could,
wwww
ad
t t
.P
ee t
Tense
ee t
Direct Speech Reported Statements
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Present Simple
l a
l a.iN
.N
Sindhu said, “I play chess.”
i l a
l a.iN
.N
Sindhu said that she played chess.
i
assaa aa aa
PresentContinuous Jayashree said, “I am working in a school.” Jayashree said that she was working in a school.
w
Past Simple
a s
a s
Mani said, “I bought a car.”
dd a
dd s
a sMani said that he had bought a car.
Past Continuous
P Paa
Madhu said “I was walking along the
.. P
.. Paa Madhu said that she had been walking along
w
w
w
street.”
ww the street.
Present Perfect wwww wwww
Sasi said “I haven’t seen her.” Sasi said that he hadn’t seen her.
w
Past Perfect Vijay said “I had taken swimming lessons Vijay said that he had taken swimming lessons
before.” before.
eet t
Future Simple
t t
Sundar said to me, “I’ll see you later.”
ee Sundar told me that he would see me later.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Direct Question
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Reported Question
assaa aa a s
a aa
s
Shankar said to me, “Do you know me?”
dd add
a aassaa
Shankar asked me if I knew him.
ww P
..P
Zuber said to Saira, “Are you living here?”
ww P
.. P Zuber asked Saira if she was living there.
wwww wwww
Senthil said, “Where is the post office?” Senthil enquired where the post office was.
Shanthi said to Baskar, “What are you doing now?” Shanthi asked Baskar what he was doing then.
283
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Note: The reporter’s point of view governs the changes from the direct into indirect mode. These changes are
assaa aa aa
in respect of – personal pronouns, tense of the verb and adverbs of time and place.
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
I. Govt. Exam Questions
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
w
Change into reported speech
w ww
me. May 2022 wwww
1. The old woman said to the boy, “Please help
wwww 6. Jayanthi said, ‘I am working in a school” (into
indirect speech)
The old woman requested the boy to help her. Jayanthi told that she was working in a school.
2. She said, “I decided to rent the shop because 7. Mala asked Balu what he was doing then
et
e tit is on the main road. Sep 2020
eet t (Change into direct speech)
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
She said that she had decided to rent the shop
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Mala said to Balu, “What are you doing now?”
assaa aa aa
because it was on the main road.
aass ss
II. Exercises
aa
et
3.
PP add
Anu requested her brother to drop her at the
a 1.
P Padd
a The girl asked the Warden of her hostel:
ww..
airport that night Sep 2020
w
w .. “How much must I pay to have an extra
wwww wwww
Anu said to her brother,” Please drop me at the
.N
tumbler of milk every day?”
airport tonight. The girl asked the warden of her hostel how much
Report the following dialogue June 2019 she had to pay to have an extra tumbler of milk
ai
4. Leena : Mom, ‘I burnt my finger” every day.
mother : I have warned you not to play
eet t with the fire. eet t 2. The doctor gave me some medicine and said:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
Leena told her mother that she
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
“This will certainly cure your cough”.
i
The doctor gave me some medicine and said that.
assaa s aa s aa
had burnt her finger. Mother
a a s a a s
that would certainly cure his cough
as
P Paadd
replied that she had warned her
not to play with the fire. 3.
P Paadd
“Why do you want a conduct certificate?”
5. w
w ..
Conductor : where do you want to go? Aug 2022 ww.. the Headmaster asked.
wwww wwww
ad
Passenger : I’m going to coimbatore. Give me a The Headmaster asked why he wanted a conduct
ticket, please certificate.
The conductor asked the 4. “Go to the post office and buy me five
passenger where he wanted to stamped envelopes,” said the manager to
t t
.P
ee t e
go. The passenger replied that
e t the clerk.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
he was going to Coimbatore and
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
The manager ordered the clerk to go to the post
assaa aa aa
requested to give hima ticket.
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a soffice and buy him five stamped envelopes.
P
.. Paa ..PPa
2. Indirect Speech – Direct Speech
a
w
words omitted
Main Changes :
eet t Statement
eet t Question Sentence
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Indirect
lal i
a.iN
.N
Direct Indirect
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Direct
assaa s aa s aa
Said Said asked Said to
told a
dd a sSaid to if/whether
ddaa s Omitted
that
P
..Paa Omitted
P
SV. form
.. Paa VS? form
and,added,that ww Omitted ww
quotation & Comma
wwww added
wwww
284
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N Imperative Sentence
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Exclamatory Sentence
assaa aa aa
Indirect Direct Indirect Direct
requested a
dd s
a sSaid to exclaimed a
dd s
a s Omitted
please
P
.. Paa added
P
with joy
..Paa Omitted
not to
ww Don’t
ww
with sorrow
to
ordered wwww omitted
wwww
that
Hurrah Omitted
asked said to Alas added
advised what
et
e t
Comma & quotation added
eet t How (surprise) SV What/ How ii.part
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N etc
l a
l i
a .iN
.N i.part
assaa aa aa
Tense Reverse
aass as
as
et
Past Tense
PPaadd P P dd
Present Tense
aa
went
ww.. go
w
w ..
wwww wwww
Past continuous Present continuous
.N
was playing Is playing
Past Perfect Present perfect/past.
ai
Indirect To Direct
e
Tense
et t eet t
Reverse
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
had seen al l a
l i
a .iN
.N has seen/saw
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
Past Per. Continuous Present per. Continuous
a a a a
as
had been eating
P Paadd has been eating
P Paadd
Past Modal
w
w .. ww..
Present modal
wwww wwww
Would/Could will/can
ad
ee t
etc can be changed into said to.
ee t The boy said to his father, ‘I am studying well now’
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
2.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
The conjunction in the indirect speech tells you
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
2. The teacher asked him why he was late.
The teacher said to him, “Why are you late.”
assaa aa aa
what type of sentence it was in the direct speech.
w
3. a
dd s
a s
Remove the conjunction, except in the case of ‘Wh’ a
dd s
a s
3. He ordered his servant to go away at once.
question.
P
.. Paa P
.. PaaHe said to his servant, ‘Go away immediately.’
w
eet t
first person.
eet t C. Read the given passages and rewrite them in
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
7.
lal i
a.iN
.N
If the pronoun denotes the listener change it into
l a i .iN
direct speech.
l a .N
assaa aa aa
second person. 1. The cyclist warned the driver not to move his
8.
a s
a s
The tense of the verb should be changed if
dd ddaass
car till the police arrived. The driver pleaded
necessary.
P
..Paa P
.. Paa that it was not his fault; he was ready to pay a
hundred rupees to repair the damaged cycle.
9.
ww
Change the words denoting time and distance.
ww
wwww wwww
The cyclist refused the money and insisted
10. Question mark/ the exclamatory mark should be
that the police be called.
put at the correct place.
285
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
The cyclist said to the driver,” Don’t move your car
i
till the police arrive”. The driver said, “It is not my
l a a .iN
.N
strike if the demands are not met”. The manager
i
said,” Call off the strike and come for a discussion.
l
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
fault; I am ready to pay a hundred rupees to repair I am ready to listen to your demands”.
a a
dd a
the damaged cycle. The cyclist said,” No, Let me
a a
dd a
Exercises:
aa
call the police “.
ww P
.. P ww P
..PReport the dialogue:
wwww wwww
2. The striking workers demanded an increase in 1. Ram : Where are you going?
salary and asked for the withdrawal of all cases. Shyam : I’m going to the market.
They threatened to continue the strike if the Ans : Ram asked Shyam where he was going.
Shyam replied that he was going to the market.
demands were not met. The manager insisted
2. Teacher : “Your child is very rude.”
et
e t eet
on them calling off the strike and invited them
t Father : “I’m responsible for the child’s
lalai.iN
.N demands.
l l a .iN
.N
for a discussion. He agreed to listen to their
a i l a
l i
a .iN
.Nrude behaviour.
assaa aa aa
Ans : The teacher told the child’s father that his
a s
a s
The striking workers said, “We need an increase in
as
as
et
aadd
salary and withdrawal of all cases. We continue the
P P P Padd
a
child was very rude. The father replied that he was
responsible for the child’s rude behaviour.
.N
F¿¥ò :-
ai
ghlüÈš g¡f« v©fŸ 77-78 M»at‰¿š ïj‰fhd brašghLfŸ ju¥g£LŸsd, mij gh®¤J
eet t
òǪJ¡ bfhŸsî«
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
Grammar
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Passivation
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
wwww wwww
ad
t t
.P
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
w
w ww
wwww wwww
w
eet t eet t
We use the passive form to say what happens to people and things - to say what is done to them. For example-
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
English is spoken by me everyday.
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa assath¡»a«
a braiy brŒgtU¡F K¡»a¤Jt« jU»wJ.
dd braY¡F K¡»a¤Jt« jU»wJ. xU tifiaPP
gives importance to ‘action done’
br΃id
add
a a s
a saa
A sentence in ‘Active Voice’ gives more importance to the ‘agent/ doer of action, A sentence in passive voice
a
w w P
..
Mdhš, brŒa¥gh£L th¡»a« P
brŒa¥g£l
ww.. ï‹bdh‹whf
kh‰W«nghJ
wwww ‘tense’
khw¡fTlhJ.
wwww
286
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa dd a as saa
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
w w P
.. P ww P
..P
w w ww w
w ww
To change the Active Voice into Passive Voice:
1. Identify the subject, verb and object.
2.
3. et
e
Change the object into subject.
t eet t
A suitable ‘be’ form should be used. (See topic ‘Voice’)
lalai.iN
.N
4.
l a
l i
a .iN
Verb is used in its past participle. (V3) .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa s aa
5. Change the subject into object.
a a s aas
et
6.
7.
PP dd P P dd
When the agent (doer of the action) is not known or unimportant, it is ignored in the passive form.
aa aa
When there are two objects in the active construction, two corresponding passive constructions are possible.
8.
w
w .. w
w ..
A question in the Active form remains a question in the passive form also.
.N
9. ‘Let’ is used with imperative sentences in the passive form. (Let + object + be + V3)
ai
1. Simple Present: 5. Past Continuous:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a.
al
Rahim writes a letter (Active)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
A letter is written by Rahim (Passive)
a.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
He was buying a cake and was eating it (A.V)
A cake was being bought and eaten by him (P.V)
assaa b.
a s
a aa
s
Anand is beaten by me (Pas)
a s
a aa
s
b. A cheque was being signed and given to us by
as
a
I beat Anand (Act)
P P add P Paadd
her. (P.V)
2. Simple Past:
w
w .. ww.. She was signing a cheque and gave it to
wwww ww
wwbeen me (A.V)
ad
ee t
b. They were met by him and he was praised by
ee t b. The matter has been discussed by us and
l a
l i
a .iN
.N them, (P.V)
l a i
a.iN
.N
He met them and they praised him (A.V)
l l a
l i
a.iN
.N
a decision has been made by us (P.V)
assaa aa aa
We have discussed the matter and made a
w
3. Simple Future
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
decision (A.V)
P
..
be + iii form
Paa been P
.. Paa
w
7. Past Prefect:
w
w w
w
wwww wwww
a. I shall finish it and take rest (A.V) a. I had written a poem and printed it (A.v)
It will be finished by me and rest will be taken A poem had been written and printed by me.
w
by me (P.V) (P.V)
b. They will be eaten and thrown away by him. (P.V) b. The flower had been collected by them and
He will eat them and throw them away. garlands had been made by them. (P.V)
4. eet t
Present Continuous: eet t They had collected flowers and made
l a
l i
a .iN
.N being+ iii form
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a . N
.N
garlands (A.V)
i
assaa s aa s aa
been
a a s
a. We are playing and winning the match. (A.V)
dd
8.
ddaa s
Future Perfect:
P
..Paa
The match is being played and won by us (P.V)
P
.. Paa. We shall have drawn the pictures and submitted
a to them (A.V)
w
b. The sapling is being planted by me and it is
w ww
wwww wwww
The picture will have been drawn and submitted
being watered by me (P.V)
by us to them. (P.V)
I am planting the sapling and watering it (A.V)
287
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N b.
Ahamed (P.V)
l a
l a .iN
.N
It will have been prepared and posted by
i
2.
l a
l i
a .iN
The farmers usually harvest the mango fruit.
.N
Only in the month of may Mar 2020
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
Ahamed will have prepared and posted it (A.V)
9. a
dd a
Imperative Sentence (AV.- P.V. & P.V- A.V)
aa aa a
dd a
Only in the month of may, The Mango fruits are
usually harvested by the farmers.
be+ iii form
ww P
.. P ww
3. P
..PThe gardener gathered flowers from the
wwww wwww
a. Bring some milk (Active)
garden and put them in his basket.
Let some milk be brought (Passive)
b. Please, help me (A.V) Flowers were gathered from the garden and they
You are requested to help me (P.V) were put in his basket by the gardener.
c. Let the apples be eaten. (P.V) 4. My friend was arrested by the police on a
e et t Eat the apples (A.V)
eet t charge of theft. He was released soon for
lalai.iN
.N d.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
You are requested to do it (P.V)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
lack of evidence. June 2019
et
Note: Voice khwyh« but Tense khwhJ
PP P Padd
a They released him soon for lack of evidence.
w w ..
Change into Passive Voice w
w .. 5. The man completed his work. His master
wwww wwww
.N
paid him.
1. I saw him opening the box (Change the
voice) . Sep. 2020 The man’s work was completed by him and he was
He was seen opening the box by me. paid by his master.
ai
e t t
Q. NO.:27 - 30
e eet
Simple - Complex - Compound
t 2 Mark
l a
l i
a .iN
.NF¿¥ò :- al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aas
ghlüÈš g¡f« v©fŸ 175-176 š ïªj aa És¡fkhf ju¥g£LŸsJ. mij gh®¤J bjǪJ
s grammar
a s
a aa
s
as
bfhŸsî«.
PP a add P Pa add
ww .. ww..
wwww wwww
Sentences can be of three types – Simple, Compound, Complex. A simple sentence has one independent
ad
clause (A clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb). A Compound sentence joins two or
more number of independent clauses. A Complex sentence has one independent clause and one or
more dependent clauses.
t t
.P
ee t SIMPLE
ee t INDEPENDENT
I am healthy
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N CLAUSE
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a
INDEPENDENT
s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa I am healthy be-
w
wwww wwww
SENTENCES
CLAUSE every day
w
ANY NUMBER OF
eet t COMPOUND
eet t INDEPENDENT I am healthy
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N CLAUSE
l a
l i
a .iN
.N I am very active
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
288
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t ee t t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
SENTENCE
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd as saa
a a a
dd s
a aa
s
w w
A simple sentenceP P
. . Ahascompound s entence w
A complex
w P P
.clause
.
sentence
has onlyw w
one main two or more main hasww
a main
clause ww
with or without clauses joined by a ww
with one or more
phrase / phrases. conjunction. subordinate clauses.
et
e t Main Clause eet t
Main Clause Main Clause
lalai.iN
.N +
l a
l i
a .
iN. N+ +
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Phrase Main Clause Subordinate clause
aass a s
as
et
P Paadd P P a add
w w.. w w .. SUBORDINATE
ww ww
.N
MAIN CLAUSE
w w
PHRASE
Phrase is a group Main Clause is a w w CLAUSE
A subordinate clause is a
of words. It has no group of words. It has group of words. It has a
ai
subjects and finite a subject and a finite subject and a finite verb.
verb. A main clause But it does not make
eet t verb. It does not
eet t
makes complete sense, complete sense without
l a
l i
a .iN
.N make complete sense.
al
It is not a sentence.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
without the help of
another clause. So we
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
the help of another clause.
It depends on a main
assaa aa aa
It forms a part of a
sentence.
a s
a s call it an independent
ss
clause to make complete
aa
as
PPaadd clause / main clause
P Pa add
sense. So we call it a
dependent clause.
w w .. w w ..
w w ww ww ww
ad
t t
.P
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Pre. Participle
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Past Participle Infinite
assaa aa aa
am, is, are, was, were being been to be
w
289
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N Main clause
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Subordinate clause After + ____ing
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
After And then
assaa aa aa
Present form Present form (KjÈš eilbgW«
(or)
Past form
a
dd s
a s Past form noun form
a
ddtu s
a
braš KjÈY« mL¤J s
Future form
P
.. Paa
Future past (would + present)
Present form
Past form
e
P
..P aa
ilbgW« braš
ïu©lhtjhfî«
ww ww
wwww wwww
nt©L«)
Example:
1. SIMPLE SENTENCE Ex. I wrote the address, I posted the letter (simple)
Having written the address, I posted the letter
Being poor kavi lives happily.
(simple)
eet t
Phrase Main clause
eet t I wrote the address and then I posted the letter.
lalai.iN
.N
2. COMPLEX SENTENCE
l a
l i
a .iN
.N (compound )
l a i
a .iN
.N
After I had written the address, I posted the letter.
l
assaa saa s aa
Though kavi is poor She lives happily
aa s aa s
( complex)
et
PPaadd P2.
PaaddAdverb clause of Reason (
fhuz« fh£LtJ ).
w..
Subordinating clause
w
Main clause
w
w .. Simple Complex Compound
wwww wwww
.N
3. COMPOUND SENTENCE
Kavi is poor but She lives happily Due to / Owing to As/since/ and so/
Because of/ because hence
ai
On account of, ____+ing
Main clause Co-ordinating Main clause
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Conjuction
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Ex: He worked hard. He passed in the examination
assaa aa aa
Because of his working hard, he passed in the
MODE OF TRANSFORMING SENTENCES
a s
a s a s
a s
examination. (or) Because of his hard
as
1. Simple to compound Þ
P P add
The phrase becomes a
a
main clause
P Paadd
work he passed in the examination. (simple)
Þ .. .. He worked hard and so he passed in the
2. Simple to complex
ww The phrase becomes a
ww
wwwwÞ subordinate clause
wwww examination.(compound)
ad
ee t
4. Compound to complex Þ Except one main clause
ee t (Ãgªjidfis¡ F¿¥git).
l a
l i
a .iN
.N become
l l a.iN
.N
all other main clauses
a i
subordinate Simple
l a
l i
a.iN
.N Complex Compound
assaa aa aa
w
5. Complex to simple
clauses
a
dd s
a s
Þ The subordinate clause a
dd s
a s
In the event of/ In If Sub+ may/ must/
P Paa
becomes a phrase
.. P
.. Pa
case of+____.
a should
w
6. Complex to Compound w
w
Þ The subordinate clause ww ing (or) noun form Unless +verb____and
eet t
Simple Compled t t
Compound
ee
otherwise
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
On____.ing (or) As soon as/
a
And
l l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Ex: Run fast. You can catch the train.
assaa aa aa
In case of your not running fast, You cannot catch
noun form when
a
dd s
a s ddaass
the train. (simple)
Before +____ing Before
(or) noun form P
..Paa And then
P
.. PaaRun fast or You cannot catch the train. (compound)
290
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
4.
.N l a
l a .iN
Adverb clause of concession (ïUªj nghâY«).
i .N 2.
l a i
a .iN
.N
Though the battle has been won, the war isn’t over
yet (compound) May 2022
l
assaa s aa s aa
Simple Complex Compound
a
dd a s a
dd a s The battle has been won but the war is not over
yet.
Inspite of/ Despite
/Not with P
.. Paa
Although/
Though
but/
And yet P
..Paa 3. Planting of trees along the road sides made the
ww ww
wwww wwww
standing+…. Even though surroundings look greener (into compound) Sep 2020
ing (or) noun form Trees were planted along the road sides and this
made the surroundings look greener.
Ex: Mani is rich. He is not happy. 4. The children built a sand castle at the beach. It
Inspite of his richness, Mani is not happy.(simple)
eet t
Mani is rich but he is not happy. (compound) eet t was beautiful (use relative pronoun) Sep 2020
lalai.iN
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
Though Mani is rich, he is not happy. (complex)
l l a
l a .iN
.N
The children built a sand castle at the beach
i
which was beautiful.
et
fh£LtJ ).
PPaadd P Padd
a God. (into simple) Mar 2020
Simple ww..
Complex Compound w
w .. The old lady sat in a corner to pray to God.
wwww wwww
.N
6. Sneha has a box full of toys. She wants to donate
too____to Main clause+ so____ very+ and so them to an orphanage. Mar 2020
that+ S+ cannot/ Sheha has a box full of toys that she wants to
ai
could not+ verb donate them to an orphanage.
eet t eet t 7. On hearing their teacher’s foot steps, the boys ran
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Ex: He is very old. He cannot walk.
al
He is too old to walk.(simple)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
away (compound) . June 19
wwww
(neh¡f¤ij F¿¥gJ).
wwww
ad
ee t
So as so that in order
t
wanted to+
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N that+ may/might/
can/could + verb
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
verb____d +
M.C+ for that
l a
l a.iN
.N
10. Balaji was too tired to work (Complex) MDL
i
Balaji was so tired that he could not work.
assaa aa aa
w
a s
a s
Ex: I go to the library daily. I can improve my knowledge.
dd a
dd s s
Exercises :
a
P
.. Paa
I go to the library daily in order to improve my
P
.. Paa Change the following into other sentence.
w
w
w ww
knowledge. ���������������������������������������� (simple) 1. The tired old woman was unable to go any further,
wwww
I go to the library daily and so I can improve mywwww She returned home.
w
eet t eet t
knowledge. ������������������������������������� (complex) further she returned home (Cx)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Govt. Exam Questions :
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
The tired woman was unable to go any further and
i
so she retured home (Cd)
assaa aa aa
Change the following into other sentence.
1. a
dd s
a s
Raghu tried his best, but he did not succeed.
ddaass
2. The child is very short. It cannot climb the tree
(Complex) May 2022
P
..Paa P
.. Paa The child is too short to climb the tree (S)
The child is so short that it cannot climb the tree (Cx)
ww
Though / Although / Even though, Raghu tried his ww
wwww
best he did not succeed.
wwww The child is very short and so it cannot climb the
tree (Cd)
291
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
3.
.N l a a .iN
.N
Radha hear about her victory. Radha was overjoyed.
i
On hearing about her victory Radha was over joyed. (S)
l l a a .iN
bus (simple)
i .N
If you go fast, you will catch the bus (complex)
l
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
When / As soon as Radha heard about her victory, You must go fast then only you will catch the bus
she was overjoyed (Cx)
aa a
dd a aa a
dd a
(compound)
w
was overjoyed (Cd)
w P P
Radha heard about her victory and / and so she
.. ww P
..P5. The box is very heavy. I cannot lift it
wwww wwww
The box is too heavy for me to lift (S)
4. You go fast. You will catch the bus The box is so heavy that I cannot lift it (Cx)
In the event of your going fast, you will catch the The box is very heavy and so I cannot lift it (cd)
Q. NO.:37 - 40 Grammar and other exercises 9 Marks
et
e t
Answer any three of the following eet t
lalai.iN
.N Topics
l a
l i
a .iN
.N T.B.P.No
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Topics T.B.P.No
et
Piechart / Verbal –Nonverbal
PPaadd 51-122
P Padd
a
Link words 64-145
Representation
ww.. 79
w
w .. Concord
wwww wwww
Describe a process Framing questions
.N
Completing proverbs/ Match with meaning Words with different g
rammatical
Semantic fields 78 function
Notice writing 17,81 Tense 14
ai
Expansion of headlines 79 Determiners 10-11
eet t
Email writing
e et
151-155
t Preposition 44
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Spot and correct the errors
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
17,81
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Re-arrange the words and phrases 79-80
assaa Q. NO.:37 - 40
s a
s
Dialogue
aa a
writing/ Fill up
a s
a aa
s 3 Marks
as
P PaaddDialogue Writing P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
PROCEDURE
wwww wwww
ad
This topic deals with writing ‘ own dialogue’ for a given situation . You should understand the situation. then,
you should write a dialogue using the names mentioned in the question. nfŸÉÆš bfhL¡f¥£l NHiy
òǪJbfhŸ. ã‹, bfhL¡f¥g£l eg®fŸ neuoahf¥ ngRtJnghš FiwªjJ 5 fU¤J¡fŸ vGJ.
t t
.P
e e t
F¿¥ghf c‹ ciuahliy nfŸÉ - gâš toÉš mik¥gJ vËJ.
e e t
l a
l i
a .iN
.NF¿¥ò i.iN
: brhªjkhf ciuahlš vGj “nfŸÉ th¡»a«
l a
l a .Nmik¤jš” brŒâth¡»a« mik¤jš” lalai.iN
.N &“
assaa aa aa
w
bjÇa nt©L«.
a ass
dvGj¢brhšÈ
d a as
ddvGj¤s
1. Write a dialogue:
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
bjhl§fî«. ww ww
ÉdhÉš ah® ah® ngR«go ciuahlš ïU¡»wh®fŸ v‹W
ww
f©Lão¤J ciuahliy
wwKo»wjh v‹W gh®¤J¤
w w ww
w
292
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
Receptionist
.N
Sheela
:
:
l a i
a .iN
.N
Can I have an appointment then?
l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
I’m sorry, madam. He will be here in the evening after 6 p.m.
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
Receptionist : Definitely. May I know the child’s name?
Sheela : a
dd a
He is prakash and is two years old.
aa aa a
dd a
Receptionist
Sheela
:
:
w
w P P ww P
..
Thank you. We’ll be there at 6 p.m. P
Please come at 6.15 pm your token number is 4.
..
Receptionist
wwww Type 1 - Build up a Dialogue wwww
: Please be on time. Thank you
et
e t
ticket examiner of five exchanges.
eet t between a fruit vendor and a customer.
lalai.iN
.N
Passenger
l a
l a .iN
.N
Ticket Examiner : Show me your ticket please
i
: Sorry sir, My ticket is lost.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Fruit Vendor : What do you want? Mar 2019
assaa aa aa
Customer : I want some fruits.
aass
Ticket Examiner : You seem to be educated.
as
as
Fruit Vendor : Which fruits do you want?
et
Passenger
PPa dd
: Yes sir. But someone picked my
a P Padd
a
Customer : I want 2kg apples and 2 kg oranges
w..
pocket.
w w
w .. Fruit Vendor : Any thing else
wwww wwww
Ticket Examiner : Don’t tell lies.
.N
Passenger : No sir. Believe me. Customer : Enough what does it cost?
Ticket Examiner : Ok. But you have to pay the fine. Fruit Vendor : It costs ` 500
Passenger : Ok sir. I will. Customer : Okay, pack it. Here is ` 500
ai
Fruit Vendor : Thank you.
t t t
3. Frame a dialogue with at least five utterances
ee ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N ciuahlÈš áy th¡»a§fŸ lalai.iN
between a student and a healthworker who
al i
Stresses on cleanliness and safety measures
bfhL¡f¥g£l
Type 2 - Dialogue – Fill up:
.N
assaa s aa ÉLg£oU¡F«.
s
to be followed by youngsters Aug 2022
a a a
ciuahlÈ‹ fU¤J¡fis
as aa
s
as
Student
P Pa dd
: Good morning, Sir
a òǪJ bfh©L khzt®fŸ
aadd
ciuahliy
P P
Ãu¥g
Health worker
w
w ..
: Good Morning. What can I do for
nt©L«.
ww..
wwww wwwwnfŸÉ gâyhf¤jh‹
you?
vËa Kiw:
ad
ee t
Health worker : Is it, Good ee t gâš vGj nt©L«.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Student
l a i
a.iN
.N
: I have some doubts. Can you help
l l a
l i
a.iN
.N
gâY¡F K‹ ............ bfhL¤âUªjhš m§nf
assaa aa aa
w
Health worker
me?
a
dd s
a
: Yes, of Course. s a
dd s
a s
gâY¡FÇa nfŸÉia nf£f nt©L«.
May I come in?.. vd tªjhš Yes, come in
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
Student : Why should we follow the rules of I am going to…vd tªjhš Where are you going?
w
w ww
wwww wwww
cleanliness?
I want to… vd tªjhš What do you want?
Health worker : We should keep our environment
w
eet t e
Wear clean clothes and keep
et t filáÆš 3 nfho£l ïl§fŸ ïUªjhš mâš
l a
l i
a .iN
.N surrounding clean.
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
filá 2-š(iv) Thank you (v) Welcome v‹W vGâ
assaa s aa s aa
Student : What is the value of doing all these?
Health worker : a
dd a s
Cleanliness makes everything look
ddaa s
Ko¡f nt©L«.
bghJthf nfŸÉÆš I-Person tªjhš II-Person
P
..Paa
fresh and cheerful. We can have a
P
.. Paa
ÉilÆš tU«.
ww
healthy India in future.
ww
wwww wwww
bghJthf nfŸÉÆš II-Person tªjhš ÉilÆš
Student : Thank you very much sir.
I-Person tU«.
293
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N PERSON NUMBER
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
NOMINATIVE POSSESSIVE
l a
l i .iN
.N
ACCUSATIVEI
a
assaa aa v‹Dila aa
I Singular I My Me
a
dd s
a
eh‹ s vd¡F
a
dd s
a s
P
plural
Paa
. . eh§fŸ We Our
..P
P aa Us
ww v§fSila
ww
v§fS¡F
II wwww
Singular
Ú§fŸ
You
c‹Dila
w
w ww
Your
cd¡F
You
c§fSila c§fS¡F
plural You your You
et
e t Ú§fŸ
eet t c§fSila
c§fS¡F
lalai.iN
.N III Singular
l a
l i
a
He.
iN. N His
l a
l i
a .
i
Him N
. N
assaa
mt‹ aa aa
aass mtDila mtD¡F
as
as
et
P PaaddmtŸ She
mtSila
Her
mtS¡F a
PP dd
a
Her
ww. . mJ It
w
Its
w.. It
wwww wwww
.N
mjDila mj‰F
plural They Their Them
mt®fŸ mt®fSila mt®fS¡F
ai
mitfŸ mitfSila mitfS¡F
e t
e t
I and ii person pronoun -fis kh‰W« bghGJ e et
B)t V (Past form) – did + verb
l a
l i
a .iN
.Nnt©L«. al
auxiliary verb -fisí« Ñœf©lthW kh‰w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N V + ed/d
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa nt©L«. aa
ãÇ¡f¥g£l Verb -fS¡»ilÆš Noun ga‹gL¤j
a s
a s aa ss
as
Éil Édh
P Paadd bfhL¡f¥g£l
P a
th¡»a¤âYŸs
P add ãuâ¥
I am
w
w .. Are you?
bga®brhšiy¡
ww. . f©Lão¡f(Pronoun)
I was
wwww Were you?
bga®¢brh‰fŸw
nt©L«.
www ju¥g£oUªjhš
ad
ee t
nt©L«. ee t mik¡f nt©L«.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l
mªj Auxiliary verb -ia k£L« Question-š i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
ãu⥠bga®¢brh‰fŸ: Ram (M©)-he,Sita
assaa aa aa
w
ga‹gL¤j nt©L«.
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
(bg©) -She, boys (g‹ik-ca®âid) -they,
goats (g‹ik-m~¿id)-it
P
.. Paa
bfhLff¥g£l th¡»a¤âš x‹W¡F« nk‰g£l
P
.. Paa
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N ïu©lhf¥ ãÇ¡f nt©L«. ãǤj ã‹d®
lal i
a.iN
.N
»il¡F« Auxiliary verb -ia Question-š Answer order
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
: SUBJECT + AV/MV +……… (OR)
assaa s aa s aa
AV + SUBJECT + MV+ ………..?
ga‹gL¤j nt©L«.
a
dd a s ddaa s
Yes/No. SUBJECT + AV/MV +……………
Main verb ia ãÇ¡F« Kiw
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
--- Main verb – ïšyhkY« nfŸÉfŸ mik¡fyh«.
A)
ww
Verb (Present form) – do + verb (present form)
ww
wwww
V + s/es/ies – does + verb
wwww Auxilliary verb-fŸ Main verb -Mf brašgL«.
294
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N Exercise – 1 :
l a
l i
a .iN
.N TYPE – 2
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Answers:
assaa Son
a a
dd s
a
: (i) …………………………………….
a
aa
s
Father : Why are you still at home?
aa a
dd s
a aa
s (i) I am searching my book.
(ii) Yes Dad. I can go on my own.
Son ww P
.. P
Father : Can you go on by your own or by bus?
: (ii) ……………………………………. ww P
..P (iii) Will you be late to school?
wwww
Father : (iii)……………………………………?
Son : No, Dad. I will reach school by 8.40amwwww
Exercise – 2 : Answers:
et
e t Patient: Good morning sir
eet
Doctor: Good morning. What is your problem? t (i) I am suffering from fever.
(ii) From yesterday sir.
lalai.iN
.N Patient : (i) …………………………………….
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
(iii) Thank you doctor. What is the fees?
assaa aa aa
Doctor: How long?
aass
Patient : (ii) …………………………………….
as
as
et
aadd
Doctor: Take this medicine twice for three days.
PP P Padd
a
ww..
Patient : (iii) …………………………………….
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
Doctor: Pay Rs. 100 in the counter
Patient: Alright sir.
Exercise – 3 : Answers:
ai
Student : G
ood Morning sir. I am an old student of this school. (i) I want my conduct certificate to
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Student : (i) ...................................................
Headmaster : (ii) ..........................................
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
(ii) Have you brought your original
certificates.
assaa a
Student : Yes, Here they are
assaa a s
a aa
s (iii) Wait I’ll ask the office to prepare
as
aadd aa
Headmaster : (iii) .........................................
P P P P dd your conduct certificate.
w
w ..
Student : Thank you sir.
ww..
wwwwVerbal & Non Verbal Representation
wwww
ad
Q. NO.:37 - 40 3 Marks
Pie Chart
t t
.P
ee t Procedure:-
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N¾¾
¾ ¾
l a
l a.iN
.N
Clearly note the lowest and highest l a
l a.iN
Read the pie chart or diagram again and again till you understand
i i .N
assaa aa aa
w
¾¾
aass a s
a s
The most ( highest, first , maximum) the least ( lowest, minimum, lower)
dd Type - 1 dd
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
w
w ww
wwww wwww
Govt. Exam Questions:
w
1. Study the following line graph which given the details about the yearly sales of a company. Write
three sentences on your inference about the data. Sep 2020
Answer:
14
t t t t
Sales (in ` crores)
i .iN
.Nee 12
i.iN
.Nee 1) There is alternate rise and fall in the sales of the
i .iN
company.
.N
l a
l a 10
lal a l a
l a
assaa aa aa
8 2) The company has successfully achieved 4 crores of
6 a
dd s
a s ddaasssales in 2012.
4
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
3) In 2015, the sales of the company was nearly 10
2
ww ww
wwww wwww
0 crores.
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
(years)
295
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
2. Study the following bar graph which gives the details of the Annual Income and Expenditure of
.N .N
three families in Chennai. Write three sentences on your inference about the data. Mar 2020
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s Answer:
a a
dd s
a aa
s
The ‘Sridharans’ family spends whole of their annual
a
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
income
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aasaa
s
3. Study the Pie-Chart and answer the questions that follow :
as
asaa Mar 2019
et
aadd
Residents’ choice of entertainment in an apartment
PP P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
Questions :
wwww wwww
.N
Reading - 10% A) What is the most sought after entertainment activ-
20%
25% ity in the apartment ?
Watching T.V. - 20%
Mobile phone
ai
Outdoor games - 15%
10% B) Name the activity preferred by the least number
30%
eet t 15%
Internet - 25%
eet t of people.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
Mobile phone - 30%
al i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Reading
C) Which activity is chosen by half the number of
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
people who use mobile
as
P Paadd P Paadd Outdoor games
w
w .. Type - 2 ww..
wwww wwww
ad
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Hotel Meera Single/Non.A.C
l a
l i
a.iN
.N 400
l a
l i
a.iN
.N 5
assaa aa aa
w
Hotel Kannagi
Hotel Opal a
dd s
Single/A.C
a s
Double/Non.A.C a
dd s
600
a
450s 3
2
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
ii) Single room facilities are provided only in Meera and Kannagi.
iii) Hotel Opal is suitable for an economical tourist.
lal i
a.iN
.¾N
While describing a process we can use one of the
¾
2.
l a
l a .iN
.N
Imperative Description
i
Use imperative sentences
assaa 1.
three styles of describing.
Personal Description:
aa a
dd s
a aa
s 3.
add
a aassaa
Ex: Take a cup of water in the bowl
The impersonal description (or) objective
P
..P
¾¾Use the first person pronoun I as subject
ww ww P
.. P description:
wwww
¾¾Verb will be in the Future Tense ¾ ¾
Ex: I’ll take/ collect some materials. wwww Use only present tense passive form of verbs
Ex: The paper is taken for cutting…
296
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
I. Govt Exam Questions :
1..N l a
l i
a .iN
Describe the process of making vegetable.N II. Exercise :
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
1. Anu and her little brother want to refresh
assaa aa aa
themselves with a hot cup of tea during study
soup Sep 2020
a
dd s
a s a s
a s
time Help them prepare tea. Given below are
dd
P
.. Pa
Ingredients : oil, onion, tomato, ginger, garlic,
a
carrot, beans, coriander leaves, pepper, salt. P
..Paa
the steps/instructions to make two cups of
tea
ww
¾¾Add onion, tomato, carrot, beans to a pot. ww
wwww
¾¾Add water and boil the vegetables.
¾¾Add pepper salt. Stir it well.
wwww ¾¾Boil two glasses of water in a vessel.
¾¾Add two tea- spoons of tea leaves and ½ a cup
of milk
¾¾Serve it hot. ¾¾Cover the vessel with a lid
¾¾Filter the tea and pour in cups
2.
et
e t
Describe the process of cleaning the
eet t ¾¾Add 2 teaspoons of sugar and stir it
lalai.iN
.N a
¾¾Take, half squeezed lemon juice.
l l i
a .iN
tarnished brass items at home. Mar 2020
.N l a i .iN
¾¾Serve hot.
l a .N
assaa aa ¾¾ aa
¾¾Add one teaspoon baking soda.
aass 2.
ass
Describe the process of binding a book
a
et
¾¾Stir until it be comes as a paste
aadd
¾¾Rub this mixture in the tarnished brass
PP P Padd
a Take the things such as card board, brown
ww..
¾¾Leave it for 10 minutes. Rinse with warm water.
w
w .. sheet, needle, thread, scissors, glue, gift
wwww wwww
wrapper.
.N
Dry it.
¾¾ Take two brown-sheet, cut them to the size of
4. Describe the process of cleaning an over book
head water tank June 2019 ¾¾Wrap the two brown sheets around the book
ai
¾¾Empty the tank ¾¾Cut two card boards to the size of book.
eet t
¾¾Scrub the floor and walls of the tank.
eet t ¾¾Apply glue and paste them on the top of both
l a
l i
a .iN
.N ¾¾Clean with water.
¾¾Disinfect the tank. al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
sides of brown sheets.
¾¾Cut gift wrapper paper to the size of card board
assaa ¾¾Then dry it.
a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
and paste it.
as
5.
aadd
Describe the process of ironing a
P P 3.
P Paadd
How will you remove grease stains on a
shirt May 2022
w
w .. ww.. dress? Describe the process briefly.
wwww
¾¾Wash your shirt ¾¾
wwww Take a dish soap or few drops of lemon juice
ad
¾¾Setup your ironing board ¾¾ Cover the grease with the dish soap
¾¾Turn your iron on to the correct setting
¾¾Start off with the collar ¾¾Rub it gently and leave it for 2-5 minutes
¾¾Move on to the sleeves ¾¾Then wash your clothes in clean water
t t
.P
e t
¾¾Iron the back of your shirt
e ee t ¾¾Your clothing is grease free now.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l l a.iN
.N
¾¾Flip the shirt over and work on the front
a i 4.
l a i.iN
.N
How will you arrange a quiz competition?
l a
assaa aa ¾¾ aa
w
6. Describe the process of opening a bank Write down the steps you will take.
account Mar 2019 a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
I will get the permission of the head master
P
.. Paa
¾¾Go to the bank and pick the form concerned.
¾¾
P
.. Paa I will fix the date and venue for the competition
w
w
w
¾¾Fill the form neatly ¾¾
ww I will arrange judges for competition
wwww ¾¾
wwww
¾¾Handover the application to the staff concerned I will prepare a circular and sent it to all students
w
eet t eet
juice. (or) Preparing a glass of lime Juice t 5. How to obtain a demand draft in a bank
l a
l i
a .iN
.N ¾¾Take 3 lemons
lal i
a.iN
.N Aug 2022
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
¾¾Go to the bank and pick the form concerned.
¾¾Fill the form neatly
assaa aa aa
¾¾Cut it into two hlves.
a s
a
¾¾Press and squeeze the lime.
dd s ddaass
¾¾Write the name of a person whom you are going
..Paa
¾¾Extract all the Juice.
P ¾¾ P
.. Paa to take in favour of.
Handover the application to the staff concerned
w
¾¾Add a pinch of salt and Sugar to taste.
w ww along with cash.
wwww
¾¾Add ice cubes
¾¾Serve it cool.
¾¾
wwww After sometime you will be issued the DD by the
bank staff.
297
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Q. NO.:37 - 40
l l a .iN
.N
Completion of proverbs
a i
– Match the proverbs with meaning
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 3 Marks
wwww
A bad beginning makes a good ending.
A bad excuse is better than none at all.
wwww
All’s fair in love and war.
All’s well that ends well.
A bad husband cannot be a good man. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
A beggar can never be bankrupt. As you sow, so you shall reap.
et
e t e
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
et t Ask much to get little.
lalai.iN
.N
A burnt child dreads fire.
l a
l
A cheerful look makes a dish a feast.i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Avoid evil and it will avoid thee.
assaa aa aa
Back again, like a bad penny.
ss
A clear conscience is a coat of mail.
aa as
as
et
aadd
A drowning man will catch at straw.
PP P Padd
Barking dogs seldom bite.
a
Be just before you are generous.
w..
A drunkard’s purse is a bottle.
w w
w ..
Be not the first to quarrel, nor the last to make it up.
wwww wwww
.N
A fault confessed is half redressed
Beggars must not be choosers.
A fool and his money are soon parted.
Better be alone than in ill company.
A fool may give a wise man counsel.
Better be happy than wise.
ai
A fool may make money, but it takes a wise man to
Between the devil and the deep blue sea.
eet
spend it.
t eet t Birds of a feather flock together.
l a
l i
a .iN
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
.N al
A friend is easier lost than found.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Blood is thicker than water.
assaa aa aa
Books and friends should be few and good.
s s
A friend’s frown is better than a fool’s.
a a a s
a s
as
P P add
A full purse makes the mouth to speak.
a P Paadd
Borrowing thrives but once.
Brevity is the soul of wit.
w ..
A good dog deserves a good bone.
w ww..
Call a spade a spade.
wwww wwww
A good husband makes a good wife.
Catch not at the shadow and lose the substance.
ad
l a
l i
a .iN
A hungry man is an angry man.
.N
A heavy purse makes a light heart.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
Courtesy costs nothing.
.N
assaa aa aa
Cut your coat according to your cloth.
w
P
.. Paa P Paa
Delays are dangerous.
..
w
wwww wwww
A penny saved is a penny gained.
Discretion is the better part of valour.
A pound of care won’t pay an ounce of debt.
w
eet
A short cut is often a wrong cut.
t eet t Makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
l a
l i
a .iN
A stitch in time saves nine.
.N
A thing begun is half done.
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
Easier said than done.
.N
assaa aa aa
Eat to live, but do not live to eat.
dd s
a
Action speaks louder than words.
s
Absence makes the heart grow fonder.
a ddaass
Employment brings enjoyment.
P
..Paa
After a storm comes a calm. P
.. Paa
Empty vessels make the most noise.
ww ww
Enough is as good as a feast ( to one that’s not a beast).
wwww wwww
All covet, all lose.
Every ass loves to hear himself bray.
All that glitters is not gold.
Every cloud has a silver lining.
298
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Every dog has his day.
Every man must carry his own cross.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
It is a long lane that has no turning.
i
It is always time to do good.
assaa a dd
Example is better than precept.
a
s
a aa
s
Everything comes to those who wait.
a a a
dd s
a aa
s
It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.
It is easier to get money than to keep it.
a
Experience teaches.
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
It is easier to pull down than to build.
wwww wwww
Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in It is no use crying over spilt milk.
no other. It never rains but it pours.
Facts are stubborn things. Jack of all traders and makes of none.
Failure teaches success. Kindness begets kindness.
Faint heart never won a fair lady.
et
e t
Familiarity breeds contempt. eet t Knowledge is power.
lalai.iN
.N
Fine feathers make fine birds.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
Least said, soonest mended.
i
Let sleeping dogs lie.
assaa saa
s ssaa
Fire is a good servant but a bad master. Let the cobbler stick to his last.
aa aa
et
First come first served.
PPaadd P Padd
Liars should have good memories.
a
ww..
Flattery brings friends, truth enemies.
w
w ..Like father, like son Like mother, like daughter.
wwww wwww
Fools build houses and wise men buy them.
.N
Little strokes fell great oaks.
Fortune favours the brave. Live and let live.
Fortune favours fools. Loans and debts make worries and frets.
ai
Give him an inch and he’ll take a mile. Look before you leap.
Give the devil his due.
eet t
God helps those who help themselves. eet t Last time is never found.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
God never shuts one door but he opens another.
Love is blind.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Make hay while the sun shines.
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
Good beginnings make good endings. Man proposes, God disposes.
a a a a
as
P Paadd
Good to begin well, better to end well.
P Paadd
Manners maketh man.
w
w ..
Good wine needs no bush.
ww..
Many find fault without an end,
wwww wwww
Grasp all, lose all. Men make houses, women make homes.
ad
Great haste makes great waste. Misfortunes never (seldom) come singly.
Great minds think alike. Money makes the mare to go.
Great profits, great risks. More haste, less speed.
Great talkers are little doers.
t t
.P
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd
He laughs best that laughs last.
s
Hasty climbers have sudden falls.
a s a
dd s
a s
Never do things by halves.
P
.. Paa P
.. Pa
Never too old to learn; never too late to turn.
a
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
If wishes were horses, beggars might ride..N l a
l a .iN
.N
Old birds are not caught with chaff.
i
Old wounds soon bleed.
assaa s aa
s ssaa
If you cannot make a man think as you do, make him do One cannot die twice.
as you think
aa a
dd a addaa
One fool makes many.
a
P
..P
If you wish for peace, prepare for war.
ww w
It is a good horse that never stumbles, and a good wifew P
.. P
One man’s meat is another man’s poison.
wwww wwww
Out of debt, out of danger
that never grumbles. Out of sight, out of mind.
299
eet t eet t
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Out of the frying pan into the fire.
Penny wise, pound foolish.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a a .iN
.N
Well begun is half done.
i
What is one man’s meat is another man’s poison.
l
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
Practice makes perfect. What man has done man can do.
a
dd
Prevention is better than cure.
aa a a
dd a
When in Rome do as the Romans do.
aa
ww P
..
Pride goes before a fall.
P
Pride must ( or will ) have a fall.
ww P
..P
When the cat is away the mice will play.
When the wine is in, the wit is out.
wwww
Procrastination is a thief of time.
Punctuality is the soul of business.
wwww Where there is smoke there is fire.
Where there’s a will there’s a way.
Punctuality is the politeness of princess. Who will bell the cat?
Rome was not built in a day. You cannot shoe a running horse.
et
e t
Rumor is a great traveller.
eet t Youth and age will never agree.
lalai.iN
.N l a
l ai
Scratch my back and I will scratch yours..iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Youth lives on hope, old age on remembrance.
assaa aa aa
Second thoughts are best. Zeal without knowledge is a runaway horse.
aass as
as
et
Seeing is believing.
Silence gives consent.
PPaadd Govt. Exam Questions :-
P Padd
a
ww..
Slow and steady wins the race. I.
w
w ..
Complete the proverb with the suitable
wwww wwww
.N
Small beginnings make great endings. options: Mar 2020
Spare the rod and spoil the child. 1) Every cloud has a ______ lining.
Speak little but speak the truth. (Golden, blacksih, silver)
ai
Speech is silver, silence is golden. 2) Time and ____wait for no man
t t
Still water runs deep.
ee eet t (tide, chance, place)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
Strike while the iron’s hot.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Take care of the pence and the pounds will take care of
3)
l a
l a .iN
.N
Don’t cast pearls before the ____
i
(witch, swine, baron)
assaa themselves.
a s
a aa
s II.
a s
a aa
s
It Rearrange the following Jumbled proverbs
as
P Pa dd
The child is father of the man.
a P Paadd
correctly. Sep 2020
w
w ..
The company makes feast.
ww..
a) eyes / of / lies / the / in / beholder / the beauty
wwww wwww
The early bird catches the worm. Ans : Beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder
ad
The last straw breaks the camel’s back. b) one / do not / basket / eggs / the / all / in / put /
The receiver is as bad as the thief. basket
There are more foolish buyers than foolish sellers. Ans : Do not pull all the eggs in one basket.
They who only seek for faults find nothing else.
t t
.P
ee t ee t
Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones.
c) in / do / Rome / when / do / romans / as
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Time and tide wait for no man
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Ans : When in Rome do as Romans do.
assaa aa aa
III. Complete the proverbs choosing the
w
Too much of one thing is good for nothing. (Magic, beauty, problem)
Train a tree when it is young. c) Don’t Judge a ____ by its cover
Tread on a worm and it will turn. (book, pillow, letter)
e t t
True love never grows old.
e eet t IV. Complete the proverbs using the words given
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Turn over a new leaf.
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
below. Mar 2019
assaa aa aa
Two is company, three is none. a) Waste not, ____ not
a
Two is company, three is crowd.
dd s
a s aass
(fight, want, earm)
dd
Union is strength.
Walls have ears. P
..Paa P
.. P
b)aa _____ waters run deep
300
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t e et t
lalai .iN
.N Q. NO.: 37 - 40 Draft
l
a
a
l a .iN
.N
Notice
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N 3 Marks
assaa F¿¥òfŸ:
□
aa aassaa
ddFGÉš,bjÇÉ¡F«
m¿É¥ò v‹gJ xUt® jh‹ rh®ªJŸs ÃWtd¤âš, f£á mšyJ mik¥ãš cŸnshU¡Fd
aa daas
vG¤J
aa
s
P
_ykhfnth mšyJ m¢R¥gâî
ww P
. . ïl¤âš it¡f¥g£LŸs m¿É¥ò gyiffËš x£l¥g£L
_ykhfnth P
..P
jftš mšyJ m¿îW¤jš MF«.
w w
wwww wwww
□
bghJthf ïit xU F¿¥ã£l ïU¡F«.
et
e t
➢ FG, ÃWtd«, f£á mšyJ mik¥ã‹ bga®
eet t 23 March 2020
rd
lalai.iN
.N
ïU¡f nt©L«.
➢ njâ Date F¿¥ãlî«. l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
This is to inform all the residents that water supply will
be suspended for eight hours 10.00 am to 6.00 pm on
assaa a s aa
s
➢ bfhL¡f¥g£l jftiy This is to inform that/We
a as
asaa
24th march 20 due to maintenance work in the water
et
aadd
are glad to inform vd¤ bjhl§fî«.
PP P Padd
tank. All residents are advised to store water for a day.
a
ww ..
➢ For any type of query, please contact the under-
w
w ..
XXX
signed
ww
v‹W Ko¡fî«.
ww Association Head
.N
➢ ïWâahf w w
(sd-)
vd vGâ ÉdhÉš ju¥g£LŸs w
w
bga® k‰W« gjÉia¡ F¿¥ãlî«. 3. You are Tarun / Tharini the President of your
➢ m¿É¥òfŸ 50 th®¤ijfS¡FŸ mika school literary Association.
ai
nt©L«. Your club is organizing a play on. ‘Life of Kalam’
t t
➢ eilbg‰w mšyJ eilbgwÉU¡F« Ãfœ¢á
ee eet t Draft a notice informing the student about this play.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
F¿¤j jftšfŸ ïU¡f nt©L«.
al
➢ ãu⥠bga®¢brh‰fis¤ (pronoun) jÉ®¡fî«.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N NOTICE
assaa aa aa
Govt Hr. Sec. School - Tirunelveli
➢ eilbg‰W Koªj Ãfœî vÅš bra¥gh£L
a s
a s a s
a s 7th July 2022
as
ÉidÆš (passive voice) th¡»a§fis
P Paadd P Paadd “Life of Kalam” - Play
mik¡fî«.
w
w .. ww..
We are glad to inform all the students that our English
wwww
I. Govt Exam Questions :
wwww literary Association is going to perform a play on “Life
ad
ee t ee t
classes XI and XII. Draft a notice encouraging
Tarun / Tharini
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a.iN
the students to participate Sep. 2020
i .N l a i.iN
.N
President, English literary Association
l a
assaa aa aa
NOTICE
w
a s
a s
Rose mary Matric Hr. Sec. School,
dd 4.
a s
a s
Prepare a notice to be displayed on the notice
dd
P
.. Paa
Tirunelveli
P
.. Paa
board of your school informing the students of
w
This is to inform all the students of class XI and XII January. Aug 2022
that a workshop on Creative Writing, will be held at ABC Hr Sec. School, Tirunelveli
10.00 am 22nd sept. 2020 in the school Auditorium.
Excursion - 2022
All students should attend the workshop. For further
eet t
detail. Contact the undersigned.
eet t August
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Raju / Rita
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N 10th July 2022
This is to inform class 11 students will be taken to
assaa aa aa
Secretary, English literary club.
2. a
dd s
a s
Prepare a notice announcing suspension
ddaass
Bangalore on 20th August 2022. Interested students
P
..Paa
of water supply in a residential apartment
P
.. Paa
can contact the undersigned for further details and
register their names.
ww
complex on account of maintenance work.
ww
wwww
Give suitable details and instructions to the
residents. Mar 2020 wwww Seetha
Tour - In - Charge Fee ` 2500 for 2 days
301
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N Q. NO.: 37 - 40
l a
l a .iN
.N
Expansion of headlines
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N 3 Marks
assaa D.
F¿¥òfŸ:
Expand the Headlines
aa aassaa
dd ïU¡f nt©L«. a dd
a aassaa
Éil Fiwªjg£r«
KjÈšw w w PP
.elªj
. ïl«, njâ F¿¥ãl¥gl nt©L«. www. .
2 th¡»a§fshf PP
wwwbrŒâv‹d
r«gt«
bghJthf v‹gJ ÑœfhQ« Édh¡fS¡fhd Éilahf
What happened? elªjJ?
w
w w
mikªâF¡F«.
et
e t Why it happened? V‹ elªjJ?
eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
Where it happened? v§nf elªjJ?
i
Who are involved? ahbušyh« bjhl®òilnah®?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa saa
s
How it happened? v¥go elªjJ?
aa as
a aa
s
et
š.PPaadd( cl‹ ïUªjhš) mij I.P PaddMf
a
nfŸÉ
kh‰¿ vGjî«. w
w .
present tense
ïUªjhš verb s
w
w . past tense (verb past form)
wwww wwww
.N
Ex: India Wins Top Chess Prize
Ans: An Indian school boy from Tamil Nadu won the first prize in the International Youth Chess Tour-
nament.
ai
nfŸÉ past tenseš (bgU«ghY« verb cl‹ ed ïUªjhš) gâÈš mij Passive voice (mjhtJ
verb¡F K‹dhš is mšyJ are mšyJ was mšyJ were ) nr®¤J vGjî«.
eet t Ex: 34 Killed as Train Hits Bus
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Ans: At least 34 people were killed and 30 injured when a goods train slammed into a packed passen-
assaa aa aa
ger bus in Salem, authorities said on Saturday after rescue crews worked through the night to reach
aass aass
as
victims.
P( a
P addK‹dhš tªâUªjhš) gâiy P Paadd
b
nfŸÉÆš
¡F K‹ will
w w
ngh£L).vGjî«.
Infinitive verb verb
. ¡F to
ww..
š (mjhtJ Future Tense
Ex: Committee to monitor new policy on Education
ver-
w www w
w ww
Ans: A committee was appointed by the Central Government It will monitor new policy on Education.
ad
nfŸÉÆš Abbreviation
tªjhš gâÈš mij ÉÇth¡» vGjî«.
Ex: Rain delays AI flight landing.
Ans: Rain delayed Air Indian flight landing yesterday at Trichy, the passengers suffered alot.
t t
.P
ee t
Articles (a, an, the)
njitahd ïl§fËš nghlî« ee t Ex: Govt declare 2 day holiday
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Ans: The Tamil Nadu Government declared a two day holiday for schools on account of the by-election
assaa aa- aa
in Pudukottai
w
dd aa
TLjš jftšfshf (r«gt« elªj ss
ïl« k‰W« neu¤ij- a
dd s
a s
Trichy, Salem, Chennai Yesterday,
F¿¥ãlî«. a a a a
tomorrow)
..PP P
.. P
w
ww ww
wwww wwww
Govt Exam Questions :
w
eet
c)
t t t
India won the ODI series against New Zealand.
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Ans :
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
a) Madurai Sept. - 21 : the constuction work of All India Institute of Medical Sciences. Hospital in Madurai will
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
b) Chennai Sept. 21 : Tamilnadu Educational Minister released New syllabus and Textbooks for Std 1, 6, 9 and
11 students.
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
c) Kanpur, Sept. 21 : India beats Newzealand by 53 runs in the One Day Tournament match held at Kanpur,
India.
302
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
2.
.N a)
targeted
l a
l a .iN
.N
Tension at Sabarimala - Woman pilgrims
i
c)
a i
a .iN
.N
ew Delhi - Dec. 15 : New Delhi meets the longest
N
cold spell in 12 years. It is forecasted that this
l l
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
b) Police nabs gang of 6 robbers in Trichy - Seizes cold wave will extend for three more days .
Jewellery.
aa a
dd a 3.
aa a
dd a
a) US President to visit India in November
P
.. P
c) Longest cold spell in Delhi 14 years - cold wave
ww ww P
..P b) Students take up rally against child labour.
wwww wwww
to continue. c) Hima wins gold for India
Ans : Ans :
a) Kerala - Dec. 15, Tension at Sabarimala temple a) The American president plans to visit India
in kerala, after women entered the shrine and during month of March
b) Students from local schools in Tirunelveli took
et
e t performed prayers.
eet t
June - 2019
up rally to create awareness among people
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
b) Trichy, Dec- 15 : Police arrested 6 members
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
against child labour.
assaa aa aa
of a 11 member gang who looted valuables in c) Indian Athlete Hima won the gold medal for
aass
Trichy and seized the jewelleries from them.
as
as
et
long jump in Asian games.
.N
F¿¥ò : ghlüÈš
Ä‹dŠrš
ai
Ä‹dŠrš v‹gJ f Jizbfh©l foj¤ bjhl®ò MF«.
eet t eet t
xU jftiy xnu neu¤âš Ãiwa eg®fS¡F mD¥g ï«Kiw JizòÇ»wJ.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
mD¥òe® k‰W« bgWe® bjhl®ghd jftšfis xnu xUKiw fÂÂÆš gâî brŒJÉ£lhš nghJ«.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s
njitahd bghGJ mj‹ KjbyG¤ij j£l¢R brŒjhny KG KftÇí« »il¤J ÉL«.
a a a s
a aa
s
as
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When writing an e-mail, please note,
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receiver.
303
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1. A Sample E-mail Govt. Exam Question :
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Invitation to a chief guest to preside over the 1. Write an e-mail to your brother wishing him
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on his birthday May 2022
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To: [email protected]
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To: [email protected]
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Cc: [email protected], [email protected]
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Subject: Invitation – Annual Sports Day
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Dear Sir,
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We are happy and honoured that you have agreed this happy occasion, I pray to God that you get
your hearty desires fulfilled and may you succeed
to be the Chief Guest on our 34th Annual Sports Day
in each and every field of life.
on 5th July, 2021. Our students are very thrilled about Yours lovingly
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this and eagerly look forward to seeing you on that
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great day. We expect your esteemed presence by 5
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p.m. at the stadium. Please find attached copy of our
a 2.
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You are Joseph, the sports secretary of
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invitation.
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XYZ school. Draft a mail to the Director of
Rajarathinam stadium at Egmore, seeking
Principal, ABC GHSS.
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for a scholarship
Sub: Permission to conduct school annual sports
To: [email protected] day in your stadium.
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Subject: requisition for scholarship -reg
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I am Joseph sports head of XYZ school. I
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would like to book your stadium for our school
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Please find enclosed my application for Annual Sports Day heldon 23rd July 2019. Our
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scholarship. Kindly consider my application and
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we need a big playground. Hoping to get a good
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Yours faithfully With regards
Meena Joseph (sports Head XYZ School)
304
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3.
.N hours. May 2022
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Write a message to your sister reminding her about the coaching class that evening After School
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Q. NO.: 37 - 40
Rearrange words and phrases to make
3 Marks
meaningful sentences
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education / the aim
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any type of crisis / you will. a) them / being / is / a / house / constructed / by
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Prose – Poem – Supplementary Reader (7x5=35)
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grammar and other skills
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have been made on it.
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Read the following paragraph and see how notes
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a. 8 events
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I. The Rome 1960 Paralympic Games was a i. suitable for athletes with spinal inj.s
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Opening ceremony
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movement,Sir Ludwig Guttmann, and the director
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b. 5000 spectators
of the spinal centre in Rome, Antonia Maglio,
c. colourful entry of wheel chair athletes
started preparations for the games two years ago.
It would be called the 9thAnnual International Stoke 4. Closing ceremony
Mandeville Games. Now regarded as the Rome a. 25th Sept.
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1960 Paralympic Games, the competition took
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c. Sir Guttman summed up
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for Disabled Workers.
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considered beneficial and suitable for athletes with Paralympic Games
spinal cord injuries: archery, IPC athletics,dart,
snooker, IPC swimming, table tennis,wheelchair- In 1960, Sir Ludwig Guttmann founded the Paralympic
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basketball and wheelchair fencing. Games in Rome for the physically impaired. The games,
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The opening ceremony on 18 September1960
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garnered a crowd of 5000 spectators,which greeted
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Eight different sports events conducted were suitable
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the wheelchair athletes during their colourful entry
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for the disabled. During the opening ceremony on
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for Public Health at the time, officially declared
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18th September, five thousand spectators greeted the
wheelchair athletes’ colourful entry. The host Italy
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Paralympic games on the world stage, the host founder said that the Games were a new pattern of re-
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nation Italy finished atop the medal standings, integration of the paralysed into society and sports.
as Great Britain,Germany, Austria and the USA
1. Read the following passage and make notes
rounded out the top five with stellar performances.
(or) write a summary:-
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The closing ceremony on 25th September was held Ignorance is always bliss It is always folly to be
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in the Palazetto Dello in the Olympic village in the
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presence of Sir Guttmann, the patron of the Games
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wise. It is especially true in the modern world. The
wise people suffer. The fools enjoy every where.
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Sir Guttmann summed up the Games saying:“The
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vast majority of competitors and escorts have fully a
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The whole world belongs to them. The wise look
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himself to death. Knowledge is too heavy for him A
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c .1960 first Paralympic
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i. Italian Olym Committee &Italian Inst.for us sorrow. All our sorrow brings us death. But all
our death does not take us to heaven”.
Disabled Workers
307
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.N Note Making
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hours and 56 minutes and so the length of a day on
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earth is taken as 24 hours. The planets are spaced
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Ignorance
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together and close to the Sun. They form the inner
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(b) Fools plan nothing – enjoy the present. out. Thus the distance between Saturn and Uranus
2. A Goat enjoys the moment unmindful. is much greater than the distance between Earth and
(a) Never cares its death – A foolish man. Mars. The four planets grouped together in the inner
(b) A wise fellow – like a sheep – cares too much solar system are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
and worries a lot. They are called inner planets. They have a surface
3.
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planets. Their insides, Surfaces and atmospheres are
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(a) T.S Eliot opies that knowledge brings ultimalte
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formed in similar way and form a similar pattern.
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other three planets. The four called outer planets.
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Rough Copy:
the outer solar system and slowly orbit the Sun.
Ignorance
They are atmosphere. They are known as gas giants
Ignorance is bliss. Fools do not suffer having no and are also called gaseous planets. The four outer
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thought of tomorrow. They endure what they can planets Jupiter, Saturn. Uranus and Neptune have
not cure. Not worrying about either themselves or rings, whereas the four inner planets do not have
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their money and energy for the up-liftment of fools.
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covered with ice.
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A fool lives through life like a simple minded Goat.
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Wise people worry more and suffer more. More
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knowledge disturbs the wise one’s heart. They
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Notes: A Planet and the Sun
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money and energy for the up-liftment of fools. A
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its period of rotation.
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fool lives through life like a simple minded Goat. (OR)
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knowledge disturbs the wise one’s heart. They
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Total No of words used in Fair copy : 70 A planet revolves around the sun along a definite curved
Govt. Exam Questions : path which is called an orbit. It is elliptical. The time taken
1. Write a summary (or) make notes of the by a planet to complete one rotation is called its period
of rotation. The time taken by a planet one revolution
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following passage.
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May 2022
is called its period of revolution. The first four planets
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A planet revolves around the sun along a definite
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are relatively close together and close to the Sun. They
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form the inner solar system. The four planets grouped
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The time taken by a planet to complete one
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together in the inner solar system are Mercury, Venus,
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revolving around the Sun, a planet also rotates
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Earth and Mars. They are called inner planets. The four
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large planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune spread
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on its own axis like a top. The time taken by a
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planet to complete one rotation is called its period
of rotation. The period of rotation of the earth is 23
They are called outer planets. They are known as gas
giants and are also called gaseous planets.
308
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Fair Draft
.N A Planet and the Sun
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.N & Types
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III. Immunication IV. Benefits
Micro organisms used in
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path which is called an orbit. The time taken by a planet
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Mars, they are called inner planets. They have a surface I. Rough Copy
SUMMARY WRITING
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known as gas giants and are also called gaseous planets.
a i -
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of diseases. Vaccines are of two types - live vaccines
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followed by a subsequent booster dose; eg. typhoid
Vaccines are preparations of living or killed
microorganisms or their products, used for treatment of vaccine, cholera vaccine Immunization is a process of
diseases. Vaccines are of two types - live vaccines and developing resistance to infections by administration
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killed vaccines. Live vaccines are prepared from living of antigens or antibodies. Innoculation of vaccines into
organisms; eg. BCG vaccine, oral polio vaccine Micro
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organisms killed by heat or chemicals are called killed
the body to prevent diseases is called vaccination. The
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inactivated vaccines. They require a primary dose followed
by a subsequent booster dose; eg. typhoid vaccine, cholera
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World Health Organization, in the year 1970, has given a
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schedule of immunization for children. BCG was prepared
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vaccine Immunization is a process of developing resistance
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to infections by administration of antigens or antibodies.
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a combined vaccine for protection against Diptheria,
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because the disease does not spread. The World Health
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Organization, in the year 1970, has given a schedule of
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immunization for children. This schedule is carried out in
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of diseases. Vaccines are of two types - live vaccines
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almost all countries. BCG was prepared by two French
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workers Calmette and Guerin, The bacilli was weakened a
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and killed vaccines. Live vaccines are prepared from
living organisms; eg. BCG vaccine, oral polio vaccine
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and used for immunization against fuberculosis. DPT
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dual antigen. It gives protection from Tetanus. vaccine, cholera vaccine Immunization is a process of
Also, some of the microorganisms which cause diseases, developing resistance to infections by administration
are beneficial to us and they are used in the preparation of antigens or antibodies. Innoculation of vaccines into
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of curd hread, etc.
eet t the body to prevent diseases is called vaccination. The
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.N Note Making
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World Health Organization, in the year 1970, has given a
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I. Vaccines II. Types of vaccines schedule of immunization for children. BCG was prepared
a) used for a
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a) Live vaccines - prepared
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by two French workers Calmette and Guerin. DPT is
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treatment of
disease.
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from living organisms
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b) killed vaccines -
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Pertussis and Tetanus. DT is a dual antigen. It gives
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b) used for killing microorganisms killed by
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309
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eet t e et t
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.NQ. NO.: 41 - 47 Biographical
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Sketch
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.N 5 Marks
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The main focus of a biographical sketch is to portray the person in an admirable way
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Write in the third person (He, She, It, They……..
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Highlight his/her education and work
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Write down the personal details like name, age etc…
(jÅ¥gl nrfÇ¡fnt©L«).
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Mention his/ her special contribution (áw¥ò g§fË¥ò)
Make a list of achievements (rhjidfis g£oaÈlî«).
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Biographical sketch
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A biographical sketch is a brief summary of a person’s life and his achievements. It should include a description of
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the person’s physical appearance, education,work, achievements and other salient personal traits. The main focus
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of a biographical sketch is to portray the person in an admirable way.
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Here are the steps to write a bio-sketch.
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1. Write in the third person.
2. Write down personal details likename, age, physical appearance etc.
3. Highlight his/her education andwork.
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4. Mention his/her special contribution.
5.
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Make a list of achievements.
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A sample is given below.
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assaa aa aa
Write the biography of R.K. Narayan in a paragraph, using the information given in the box.
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as
R.K. Narayan-Rasipuram Krishnaswami Narayan – born–October 10, 1906 – Chennai –author–Indian writing
Paadd P Paadd
in English completed education 1930–teacher–writer–Swami and Friends – first 03-A-Prose-FORGETTING.
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novel – 1935 - narrative of adventures of schoolboys – most of his stories-set in fictitious town-Malgudi
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– themes – peculiar human relationships – clash of modern and ancient traditions – style –graceful –
humorous-elegant –simple-34 novels – prose version – TheRamayana – The Mahabharatha – diedMay 13,
2001 - Chennai
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.K. Narayan, whose full name is Rasipuram Krishnaswami Narayan was born on October 10, 1906, at Chennai
R
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in Tamil Nadu. He is one of the finest authors of Indian writing in English. He completed his education in 1930
and worked as a teacher before he became an author. His first novel, ‘Swami and Friends’ written in 1935,
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is a narrative, recounting the adventures of a group of schoolboys. Most of Narayan’s works are set in the
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fictitious South Indian town of Malgudi. Narayan typically portrays the peculiarities of human relationships
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and the ironies of Indian daily life, in which modern urban existence clashes with ancient tradition. His style
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is graceful, marked by genial humour, elegance, and simplicity. He has written about 34 novels in addition to
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prose versions of two Indian epics, The Ramayana and The Mahabharata. He died on May 13, 2001 in Chennai.
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¾¾A report is written for a clear purpose.
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¾¾Reports can be academic, technical or business related.
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¾¾The first step is to collect relevant material or information.
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¾¾The next step is to organize the collected information and put it together in an outline.
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¾¾Proper planning will be easier to write a report.
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¾¾A report can be written about an incident, accident or a natural calamity, or a coverage of an official
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function or the visit of a dignitary etc.
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Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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eet t eet t
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While collecting facts and writing a report, remember to check and include the following.
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¾¾Correctness of facts (authenticity) or accuracy should be ensured to avoid legal complications.
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¾¾Be concise, factual and clear.
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¾¾Give the title and name of reporter.
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¾¾Mention place and date of event.
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¾¾Use reported speech for narrations. P
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¾¾Style should be engrossing, to sustainthe interest of the reader.
¾¾Main text should include three components – introduction, discussionand conclusion.
¾¾Use active voice to make writing movesmoothly and easily.
Read the following report by Dinesh on the 50th Annual Day of his school.
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GOLDEN JUBILEE CELEBRATION
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- V.R. Dinesh Kumar
assaa saa s aa
11th August, 2019.
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On 10th August, 2019, a colourful and memorable Golden Jubilee Annual Day event was organized in our
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school. This event was held in the auditorium of our school. Many eminent personalities and educationists
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graced the occasion. The District Collector, who was the Chief Guest, inaugurated the function. It began with
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a prayer, hailing the goddess of knowledge and wisdom. This was followed by a colourful welcome dance
by the students of kindergarten. The Principal welcomed the gathering, after which all the invitees were
felicitated. The cultural programme, which followed, was a truly mesmerizing show. The cultural programme
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included items such as singing, dancing, poetry recitation, skits, mimicry and mono act shows. The audience
sat enthralled by the show. In his address, the Chief Guest praised the efforts of the students and teachers
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alike. This was followed by prize distribution to teachers and students, for their achievements. The programme
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concluded with the vote of thanks proposed by the School Pupil Leader.
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assaa 2.
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You are the school pupil leader your school organized an Inter school sports event at Nehru
as
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stadium. Write on the special events conducted
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B. Kumar..
Annual Sports Day - Govt. Hr. Sec. School, Tirunelveli
The sports day was held on 20th August, 2021. The meet was inaugurated by our HM. The students entered
the spirit of the occasion in a grand way commencing with march past and oath she declared the meet open by
releasing the balloons. The participants participated in all the events with great competitive spirit and vigour.
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Many won the gold medal and silver medals. The programme ended with the National Anthem.
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3. Write an article in about 150 words on the topic ‘Social Distansing’ Aug 2022
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It is an action taken to minimise contact with other individuals. Maintaining a distance from another individual
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result in a marked reduction in transmission of most flu virus strains, including Covid 19. It helps in slowing
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the spread of infectious diseases. It aims to decrease or interrupt transmission of Covid 19 in a population by
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Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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.N Passage – 1
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In nature, carbon occurs in two allotropic modifications diamond and graphite, both known to man for a long
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time. The fact that diamond burns without a residue at very high temperature was also known long ago.
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But, diamond and graphite were believed to be two entirely different substances. The discovery of carbon
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dioxide was an event which helped to establish that diamond and graphite are modifications of the same
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substance. Lavoisier experiments with burning diamond and carbon. He established that upon combustion
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both the substances yield carbon dioxide. This prompted the conclusion that carbon and diamond have the
same origin. The name ‘Carbonium’ (carbon) appeared for the first time in the book “Methods of chemical
Nomenclature” in 1787.
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he two allotropic modifications of carbon known to man for a long time are diamond and graphite.
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2. Are carbon and diamond one and the same?
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Ans: Yes, carbon and diamond are one and the same.
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3. Who established that diamond and charcoal on combustion yield carbon dioxide?
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Ans: Lavoisier established that diamond and charcoal on combustion yield carbon dioxide
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4. What happens to diamond when it is heated to very high temperature?
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Ans: When diamond is heated to very high temperature it burns without a residue. It becomes carbon dioxide.
5. Mention one use for diamond and coal.
Ans: Diamond is used for ornament and coal is used for fuel.
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Q. NO.: 44 - 47
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PROSE / PASSAGE COMPREHENSION 5 Marks
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Passage – 1
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s
Punzo entered the arena. He was dressed in navy blue
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Orlando, the youngest son of Sir Rowland de Bois, had
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aadd
jeans and shirt. The crowd cheered him with a loud
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been left in the care of his eldest brother, Oliver, when
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applause. The huge bull, sulking at the corner, rushed
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their father died; but Oliver proved an unworthy brother.
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madly at him. He waved a red cloth, which increased the Disregarding the orders of his dying father, he kept Orlando
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bull’s fury. He quickly caught hold of its horns and hung in at home, untaught and entirely neglected. But Orlando
the midair suspended for a moment. It looked as though resembled his noble father so much in his good qualities
the bull might throw him off and trample him down. But that even without education he seemed like youth who
the next minute Punzo had the situation under control. were dead. To bring this about, the persuaded him to
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He twisted the bull’s head with all his might. The bull fell engage in a wrestling match with famous wrestler who
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down with a loud roar, rolled over on the ground, and
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lay very still. For a second there was absolute silence all
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has killed many men. It was this cruel brother’s neglect of
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him that made Orlando wish to die, being so friendless.
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in wild ecstasy.
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around the arena. Then the crowd cheered the madator
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Question & Answer
Who was Oliver?
Question & answers
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him?
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at him. youngest son Orlando..
2. Did the bull trample him down? 3. Did Oliver do his duty? If not, why?
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Ans: No, the bull did not trample him down.
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3. Why did the crowd cheer Punzo?
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Ans: Punzo had over powered the bull. So, the
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bitterly and wished he were dead.
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4. How did Oliver try to kill his brother?
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4. What is the meaning of ecstasy?
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Ans: Oliver tried to kill his brother by persuading
him to engage in a wrestling match with a
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Ans: ‘Ecstasy’ means wild joy.
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5. Why did Orlando wish to die?
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5. By what name is a bull-fighter called?
Ans: A bull-fighter is called a “Madator”. Ans: Orlando wished to die because he was
friendless and his cruel brother neglected him.
312
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eet t eet t
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.N Q. NO.: 44 - 47
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Poem Comprehension
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PoemsComprehension
s
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s
A comprehension exercise consists of a passage/ poem upon which questions are set to test the students
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ability to understand the content of the given text and to infer information and meanings from it.
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Hints:
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1. Read the passage fairly, quickly to get the general idea.
2. Read again, a little slowly so as to know the details.
3. Study the question thoroughly, turn to the relevant portions of the passage, read them again and then
rewrite them in your own words, neatly and precisely.
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4. Use complete sentences.
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.N 5.
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If you are asked to give the meaning of any words or phrases, you should express the idea as clearly
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as possible in your own words. Certain words require the kind of definition that is given in a dictionary.
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Take care to frame the definition in conforming with the part of speech
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Exercises:
1.
PPaadd
Read the following poems and answer the
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Questions:
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questions given below.. w
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b. When will kindness be rendered useless?
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Power of Kindness c. How can one find a place in other’s heart?
Power of kindness is great and grand.
d. Why is kindness called a golden girdle?
Makes dumb speak and deaf hear,
e. Give a suitable title to the poem
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And the blind see things quite clear,
Answers:
Through the rays of the light of heart
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If kindness lives in words alone.
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Seldom will it serve at all,
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b) Kindness will be rendered useless if it lives in words
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Turn they should as deeds of love, alone
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To find a place in the hearts of war.
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c) Deeds of love will find a place in others hearts.
as
aadd
World has shrunk from what’t was,
P P P aadd
d) Kindness is called the golden girdle because it
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For war to meet across the globe,
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Is not a kindness a golden girdle, ww..
encircles everyone into the human fold
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To bring all mankind into the fold?
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e) “Power of kindness”
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Expansion of proverbs
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General paragraph
Letter a
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Writing
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A letter is the most common form of sending a message. We write letters out of necessity and for pleasure. Every
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educated person must know how to write a simple, effective and pleasing letters. By custom we follow certain
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forms of writing a letter. Failure to follow these forms means carelessness and disrespect.
1. Write a letter to your father, asking permission to join an educational tour and to send m oney.
Govt Hostel, Cape Road,
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Tirunelveli
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My dear father,
la i.iN
.N
I hope you, mother and Chithra are quite well. I am fine.
l a l a
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.N
assaa s aa s aa
Our hostel warden is arranging an educational tour to Madras and Mahabalipuram for three days during the
a
dd a s ddaa s
Pongal Holidays. About twenty students are participating. I request you to give me permission to join the tour.
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Please send me two hundred rupees by Money Order to meet the expenses.
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My love to Mummy and Chithra.
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xxxxx wwww wwww Yours lovingly,
313
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Address on the envelope:
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assaa aa aa
To STAMP
Mr K Parameswaran, M.A.,
a
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78, Weavers Street,
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Maniyachi – 628 877.
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2.
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Write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper about the nuisance created by the roadside vendors
blocking the pavements and occupying the parking zone. (TB - 18)
YYY,
20-01-2021.
From
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.N XXX
YYY.
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assaa saa
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To
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The Editor,
The Daily Thanthi,
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Tirunelveli - 10.
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Respected sir,
Sub: Complaining about the nuisance of roadside vendors - Regarding
I am a resident of Tirunelveli. Tirunelveli is a beautiful city with the river Thambaravarani. But what about its
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Bazaar and shopping by customers? Along the main Bazaar, numerous vendors occupy a lot of space. Vehicle drivers
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find it difficult to pass through the streets. Even pedestrians find it a problem. I request the concerned authorities to
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take steps to solve the problem.
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.N Thanking you
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assaa s aa
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s
Yours truly,
a a a a
as
xxxxx
P Paadd P Paadd
Address on the envelope:
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To
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ad
The Editor
The Daily Thanthi,
Trichy - 10.
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3.
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school Literary Association Mar 2020.iN
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Write a letter to an eminent writer inviting him to be a Chief Guest for the inauguration of your
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From
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YYY.
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To
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Mr. Shanmugam
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Sub: Requesting to preside over the literary Association inauguration - regarding.
e
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I am school pupil leader of Govt. HSS, YYYY. We are going to celebrate the inauguration of Literary Association
assaa aa aa
of our school on 3rd March 2020. I will feel obliged if you kindly grace the occasion as the chief guest. Students will
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also take inspiration from you. I’ll be happy if you accept our invitation.
a a
Date : 1st March 2020 P
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Thanking you
a Yours Sincerely,
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Place : YYY xxxyy
Address on the envelope:
314
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eet t eet t
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To
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STAMP
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assaa aa aa
Mr. Shanmugam
a
19th Cross Street, Ayananvaram,
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Chennai.
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wwww Writing Curriculum Vitae
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Model
1. Name : xxxx
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2. Father’s name :
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Antony.
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.N 3. Age & Date of birth
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a
:
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.N 10. 02.1992, 26 years old
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4. Sex : Male
5. Nationality
aass : Indian
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6. Address
PPaadd : yyyy
P Padd
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7. Marital status
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8. Educational qualifications : M.A. B.Ed., M.Phil.
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eet t 1. S.S.L.C
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Holy Cross Anglo Indian Anglo Indian Board Mar 1995 92%
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.N al l a
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School, Tuticorin.
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2. Hr. Sec. Vinayaka Matric. Hr. Sec. State Board Mar 1997 94%
a s
a s
School, Kovilpatti.
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3. B.A.(Eng)
P Paadd American College, M
adurai.
P Paadd
Madurai Kamaraj May 2000 90%
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4. M.A (Eng) St. Joseph’s College, Trichy. Bharathiyar University Apr 2002 85%
5. B.Ed(Eng) Y.W.C.A. Teacher Training Madras University Apr 2003 87%
College
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.P
ee t 6. M.Phil.
ee
Madras Unversity t Madras University May 2004 86%
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.N 7. P.G.Dipl.
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Madurai Kamaraj U
niversity
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Madurai Kamaraj May 2005 88%
assaa aa aa
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Journalism
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
University
9. Mother Tongue
P
.. Paa : Tamil
P
.. Paa
w
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10. Interest Sports :
ww
Basket ball winner in District level.
wwww
Other activities :
wwww
Journalism-writing articles to Magazines.
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11. Experience : Worked as a P.G. Asst (Eng) in S.B.O.A. Matric. Hr. Sec. School,
Madurai for 5 years
12. Salary expected : Rs. 12,000/- p.m.
eet t
13. Extra-curricular activities :
eet t
1. Passed Hindi Rastrabasha
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
lal i
a.iN
.N
2. N.S.S. in school
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
3. N.C.C. in college
a
dd s
a s 4. A
ddaass
ctive part in Oratorical Competitions at school and college level.
14. Special Talent
P
..Paa :
P Paa
Fluency in English, good knowledge in computer.
..
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15. Time required to join :
ww
Can join immediately.
wwww
16. Language known :
wwww
Tamil, English, Hindi and Malayalam
315
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
wwww wwww
ww
www.Padasalai.Net
ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N Declaration
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
I xxxx here by declare that all the information given above are true and correct to the best of my knowledge.
aa a
dd
Date : 7th July, 2021
s
a aa
s
xxxx
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
wwww wwww
Address on the envelope:
To STAMP
xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
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e t xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
II. Requisition for an Application Form:
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa asaa
s as
asaa
1. Respond to the following and considering yourself fulfilling the conditions specified.
a
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Paadd P Padd
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Application are invited from eligible candidates to join our - 3 months certificate course in Computer
P
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programming Minimum educational qualification;
wwww wwww
.N
A degreee with Mathematics as a subject. Fresh batch commences on 6th of June 2016. Placement services
for the first ten rank - holders. For details write to:
Geo Computer
ai
12th Avenue, Gandhi Nagar,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Do not fail to attach a Demand Draft for Rs. 50/-
assaa aa aa
From:
a s
a s a s
a s
as
xxxx
yyyy
P Paadd P Paadd
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To
wwww wwww
ad
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Respected Sir, ee t
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a .iN
.N l a i
a.iN
.N
Sub: Requisition for an application form and prospectus
l l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s
Ref: Your Advertisement in ‘The Hindu’ dated 4th July 2021
a
dd s
a s
P
.. Pa P
.. Pa
I saw your advertisement. I have passed my B.Sc. (Maths). I wish to join your 3 months certificate course
a a
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in computer programming. I request you to kindly send me an Application form for admission. I have enclosed
w
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here with a D.D for Rs.50/-. ww
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Thanking you,
Declaration
I, xxxx hereby declare that the information which I have furnished are true to the best of my knowledge
t t
Place: yyy Yours faithfully,
ee eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Date: 10th July 2021 xxx
Address on the cover
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa To
aa a
dd s
a aa
s STAMP
add
a aassaa
Geo computers
ww
12th Avenue, Gandhi Nagar,P
..P ww P
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Salem - 636 004.
wwww wwww
316
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
wwww wwww
ww
www.Padasalai.Net
ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN l a
l i
a .iN
.N
of your new mobile phone from your street. Sept 20
l a
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a .iN
2. You are Nirav / Neena. Write a letter of complaint to the inspector of your locality about the theft
.N .N
assaa s aa s aa
From
xxxx
a
dd a s a
dd a s
yyyy
P
.. Paa P
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To
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YYYY
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The Police Inspector
H2 Police Station wwww
Respected sir
Sub : Complaining the theft of new mobile phone missing on 20th Sept 2020 - regarding.
et
e t e t t
I lost my mobile when I was shopping in a mall. It is a Redmi ultra model phone with a black cover. I kindly
e
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
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a .iN
.N
request you to investigate in this matter and get back my phone as early as possible.
assaa aa aa
Thanking \you,
a ss
Date : 20th Sept 2020 Yours sincerely
a as
as
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Place : YYY
PPaadd
P Padd
a xxxx
3.
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Respond to the following advertisement considering yourself fulfilling the condition specified.
wwww wwww
.N
Write xxx for your name and yyy for your address.
WANTED
Post Graduate 'English Teacher' to handle Higher Secondary Classes in a reputed Matriculation
ai
School, situated in Chennai. Salary negotiable, Candidates should have at least 5 years experience in
eet t eet t
handling Hr. Sec. Classes.
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l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Apply with your Bio - Data to:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
The Correspondent
a s
a s a s
a s
as
ABC Matric Hr. Sec. School
P Paadd P aadd
North Usman Road, Chennai - 28.
P
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wwww wwww
Note : The underlined answers should be changed according to the questions given:
ad
Ans:
From:
xxx
yyy
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.P
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To
.N The Correspondent
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.N l a
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.N
assaa aa aa
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Sub: Application for the Post Graduate Eng. teacher
ww
wwww
Ref: Advertisement in The Hindu dated 8th June 2022`
wwww
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I read your advertisement in ‘The Hindu’ dated 8th June 2022. I wish to apply for the post of Post Graduate
Eng. teacher. I have given below my bio-data. If I am appointed, I assure you that I will discharge my duties to
your entire satisfaction.
317
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ww
www.Padasalai.Net
ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
6.
7..N Sex
Educational qualification
:
l a
l a .iN
.N
Male/Female
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
: Passed MA English with B.Ed and M.Ed in first class in Anna University
assaa 8. Experience
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
aa
Tirunelveli for five years.
a
dd s
a aa
s
: Worked as P.G English Teacher in Rose Mary Matriculation Hr. Sec.School,
9. Languages Known
ww P
.. P :
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Tamil, English, Hindi
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10. wwww
(Speak and write)
Special Talent wwww
: Fluency in English, a good orator a good knowledge in computer
11. Salary Expected : Rs. 15000 per month
Thanking you,
et
e t eet t
Declaration
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i .iN
.N
I, xxxx hereby declare that the information which I have furnished are true to the best of my knowledge
l a
assaa saa
s ssaa
Thank you,
aa aa
et
PPaadd
Place: yyyy Yours faithfully,
Date: 10th June 2022 xxxx
P Padd
a
Address on the cover
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
To STAMP
The Correspondent
ABC Matric Hr. Sec. School
ai
North Usman Road, Chennai - 28.
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Q. NO.: 44 - 47
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
General Paragraph
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 5 Marks
assaa ssaa s aa
s
Air Pollution:
F¿¥ò :-
a a a a
as
ghlüÈš 177-179« g¡f§fËšd d dd
Air is essential for our life. We breathe in oxygen from
P Paa
.nt©L«.
.
ïj‰fhd
P Paa
air. Factories and industries throw out smoke. Cement
..
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bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs jiy¥ò¡nf‰w
w fU¤J¡fis
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factories sent out cement into the air. Dust particles from
xU
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paragraph
Mf vGj
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textile mills also pollute the air. This polluted air causes
ad
ee t matter (fU¤J¢br¿î)
ee t Water gets polluted when toxic wastes are disposed
l a
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.N l a
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.N
¾¾Collect sufficient material before commencing
l a
l i
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.N
off into it. Domestic sewage mix with drinking water.
Industrial wastes pollute the rivers. The polluted water
assaa aa aa
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to write paragraph
¾¾(jftšfŸ nrfÇ¥ò) a
dd s
a s a s
a s
causes many diseases. like cholera, typhoid, jaundice
dd
P Paa
¾¾Have the purpose/ goal always in view
.. P
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and dysentry
w
(fhuz«, ïy¡F) w
w ww
Noise Pollution: .
wwww
¾¾Shift the points where it is necessary wwwwA loud, unpleasant sound is called noise pollution Cities
w
¾¾A bare outline would help to keep the flow of are noisy, factories, trains and Vehicles make a lot of
thought within limits noise. We cannot rest peacefully. Loud speakers distract
¾¾(K‹ tiu) our attention.
eet t¾¾Give suitable title and moral. eet t Need to preserve environment:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
1.E
lal i
a
nvironmental pollution or Pollution and.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The first step to check pollution is to create awareness
assaa aa aa
about the harmful effects of pollution. To have healthy
Ecological Problems (GQ)
Introduction : a
dd s
a s aass
body and mind, we should avoid pollution. Deforestation
dd
P
..Paa
Pollution is making air water or land impure. There are
P
.. Paa
causes global warming. Tsunami comes to global
warming. So we must keep our environment cleaner and
ww
many pollution., They are air pollution, Water Pollution, ww
and Noise Pollution.
wwww wwww greener. World level summits like “Save the Earth” will
create awakening.
318
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN Education OR Women’s Rights
l a
l i
a .iN
2. Role of Women in Modern India OR Women’s
.N .N l a
l i
a .iN
4. My spare time (OR) Leisure time activity (
.N
OR) Hobbies OR My hobby (OR) Reading as a
assaa aa aa
Hobby (or) your favourite pastime activity.
Introduction: .
a
dd s
a s
The development of the country depends on the status a
dd s
a s
Introduction: Mar 2020
P
.. Paa
of its women. If you educate a man you educate an
P
..Paa
Hobby is apastime activity. Pleasure is the chief end
ww
individual. But if you educate a woman, you educate a ww of a hobby. Hobbies refresh us. A hobby delights and
wwww
family. Ours is a male dominated society. Woman are
denied their due rights.
wwww recreates us. Stamp Collecting, Collecting of coins,
reading books Photography, gardening etc, are some of
the hobbies. My hobby is reading books.
Position of Women today: Books are best friends:
Women have dignity, liberty and equality. Today women Books are our best friends. Books contain grains of
et
e t eet t
enjoy some freedom. They occupy all position. There wisdom. Books advise us. Books guide us. Good books
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
are women pilots. There are women I.A.S. and I.P.S,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
elevate our character. Novels, short stories, poetry etc
give us enjoyment.
assaa saa s aa
Officers. There are women M.P’s. M.L.A’s and presidents
aa s a s
The book I enjoyed
a
et
nation.
PPaadd
of local bodies. Women should contribute more to the
P Padd
l read a book Selfish Giant by Oscar Wilde. It was very
a
ww.. w
w .. interesting. The story tells us that we should not be
selfish. Where there is love there is life.
wwww wwww
.N
Sufferings of Women:
Conclusion :
But there are also agonies of women. In India there
I read newspaper, magazines and other books. My hobby
is one dowry death per each one hour. Eve teasing is” gives me pleasure. The books console me in sorrow.
ai
going on. Women make a home as Heaven. But men They educate me. They entertain me. “Reading maketh
eet
make their life a hell on earth.
t eet t a fuIl man”says Bacon. Thus my hobby makes me happy
and wise.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Conclusion:
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Our constitution guarantees equal rights to women. The 5.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Write a paragaraph of 150 Words on the
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
‘Advantages and Disadvantages of ‘online
a a
right of inheritance should be given to women. Widows
a a
as
P Paadd
should be given the right of remarriage. Thus education
P Paadd
shopping’ Mar 2019
w
w ..
and employment alone can give women their due rights.
ww.. Advantages :
Online Shopping
wwww
33% reservation will empower women.
wwww Shopping is made easier and convenient for the customer
ad
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Introduction:
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Everyone has his dreams and plans in life. Some people
l a
l i
a.iN
Disadvantages : .N
assaa aa aa
w
dd s
a s
want to become doctors, engineers or collectors. I want
a
to uplift our country. So I want to become a teacher. The a
dd s
A Customer has to buy a product without seeing it.
a s
The delivery of the product takes a lot of time. So the
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
customers get frustrate due to the delay. Online shopping
w
wwww
Teaching Profession:
wwww change.
w
The world of tomorrow will be born from the school of Online payments are not secured as the customer’s
today. Teachers are the trustees of common welfare. credit card and the bank details are misused. We shall
receive damaged products also.
A teacher should be a friend, philosopher and guide.
t t t t
A teacher should love his students. Our country needs
ee ee
6. W rite a paragraph on ‘ The benefits of reading
Newspapers. Aug 2022
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
such good teachers.
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Newspaper reading is one of the most beneficial habits.
assaa aa aa
Service in the Village: It helps us get acquainted with the current affairs of
a s
a s
I like teaching very much. My motto in life is simple living
dd ddaass
the world. We get to know about the latest happenings
P
..Paa
and high thinking. India lives in her villages. So I will
P
.. Paa
through a reliable source. It strengthens reading and
writing skills. It is a best source of general knowledge.
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serve in a village. I will be earnest and sincere to my
ww It improves vocabulary skills. It makes a person a good
wwww
and serve the mankind. wwww
students. I will not be proud. Thus I will be a good citizen speaker Newspaper providers entertainment and sports
news. We get upto date with politics.
319
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
7. Science a boon or curse
.N
Introduction:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 1.
2.
l a
l a .iN
Tenses
i .N
Question tags
assaa s aa s aa
3. Conditional clauses
a
dd a s
We are living in the world of science. Science has done
many wonders. Science has sweetened our life. Science a
dd a
4.s Numbers
P Paa
has lenghtened our life. Science has conquered time and
.. P
..Paa 5. Concord
space.
ww ww 6. Simple/complex/compound
wwww
Advantages of Science :
Science has made our life happier, and comfortable. wwww 7.
8.
9.
Phrasal verb
Adjective
Articles
Mixies, Grinders, washing machine are very useful to us.
10. Other errors.
Cooking is made easy by cookers and ovens. The radio,
et
e t
TV, Cinema entertain us. Computer, Calculators make our
t t fhy¥ãiHfŸ
ee cl‹ jÉu k‰w
life easy. Telephone makes us to communicate easily.
I. Tense Errors
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .
iN. N
Computer is the most wonderful invention of science.
ngh‹w
1.
l a
l a
adverbs .iN N
Usually, regularly, daily, everyday, offer frequently
i . Present tense
assaa a a aa
Science plays an important role in the field of medicine.
aass ga‹gL¤âdhš jtW.
Medicines have been found to cure Malaria, Typhoid and
aa ss
et
Cancer.
PPaadd P Paadd
eg: Naresh offen comes late
w ..
Disadvantages of science:
w 2.
w
w .cl‹
. Use only ‘Present continuous’ with now and at
ww ww
.N
Science is a good servant but a bad master. Industrial k‰w tense
Present Now, At Present
ww ww
wastes pollute the water. Smokes from factories affect
ga‹gL¤âdhš
our lungs. The atom bomb can destroy the human race.
jtW
eg: We are Playing chess now.
Science is a curse, because it has made us slaves and it
ai
kills us. 3. Use Past Plural verb after ‘as if’ and ‘as though’
eet t
Conclusion:
eet t as if, as though Past Plural jÉu ntW verb
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
We should use science for the betterment of humanity.
l a
l i
ga‹gL¤âdhš jtW
a .iN
.N
eg: Rita behaves as though she were a collector
assaa 8. T
a s
a aa
s
he Differently Abled and Higher E ducation
a s
a aa
s
as
Introduction :
P Paadd š
4.
ngh‹w
P aadd k‰w
Already, never, ever,
cl‹
Present Perfect –
I ga‹gL¤J
P Verb
, adverbs
w ..
Students who are handicapped are known as differently
w -š
w w ..
brŒjhš jtW tense verb use
ee t ee t
These disabilities can be prevented. Polio drops save eg: We went to a film last week
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
disabilities can be prevented by treatment. .N
children from polio attack. Blindness, Deathness, mental 6.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
flªj fhy Ú©l action I¡ F¿¡f Past Perfect
assaa aa aa
Continuous, Ãfœfhy Ú©l action – I¡ F¿¡f
w
P
.. Paa
As human beings they have equal rights. They should be
P
.. Paa use brŒjhš jtW
w
We should be helpful and friendly to these students. II. Question Tag Errors:
We should give special attention to them. They are very 1. Statement starting with I am _____ takes aren’t I?
talented than the normal students. As its Q tag I am fresh, aren’t I? (amn’t I – wrong)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Q. NO.: 44 - 47 Spot the
errors
lal i
a.iN
.N5 Marks
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
‘they’ as the subject in Q tag
assaa aa aa
Every one is there, aren’t they? (isn’t he – wrong)
aass
Errors can be spotted on the following categories.
ddbfh©l dd
3.aass Statement with, seldom, scarcely barely, neither,
PP aa
ï¥ gFâÆš 5 ïy¡fz¥ ãiHfŸ
.th¡»a§fis
. P
.. Paa none, hardly and nobody have ‘negative meaning’
w w
th¡»a§fŸ bfhL¡f¥gL« ãiHfis
ww So, its Q tag should be positive.
320
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ww
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ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
4.
.N l a a .iN
For ‘request’ , Q tag must be ‘will you?
i N jtW.
.vGâdhš
Please, help me, will you? (wont you? – wrong)
l
3.
l a a .iN
.N
Every, each, none, one of, neither of, either of,
i
many a mL¤J singular verb nghL Plural verb
l
assaa 5.
a s
a aa
s
For ‘command’ Q tag must be ‘won’t you?
aadd
Come here, won’t you? (will you? – wrong)
a a
dd s
a aa
s
eg: One of the boys is obedient.
a
ww P
. P
.ãiHfŸ
III. Conditional Clause Errors:
ww P P
. . xUEvery student is Present here.
Type: I
wwww
Ãgªjid th¡»a¥gFâ
– Simple Present + Simple future
wwww nghL
btË¥gL¤âdhš
ïizªJ4. 2 singular none
singular verb
idea – I
plural verb
If you study well, you will score high vGâdhš jtW.
marks. eg: Horse and cart is new.
et
e t
Type:I – Simple Past + would + I form verb
ee t t Bread and butter is my breakfast.
lalai.iN
.N
If I were a doctor, I would serve the
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Slow and steady wins the race.
assaa a a aa
sick.
a as s ss
VI Simple, Compound, Complex Errors:
th¡»a
aa
et
Type:III
P P add
– had + III form + would have + III form
a
If he had played well, he would have
mik¥ò ãiHfŸ
P Pa ddtªjhš
a
ww..
won the prize
tU»w. 1)
w
w ..
‘If’š ` Complex Sentence- Than’
ww ww
.N
jtW ‘ ’ I Ú¡» vGJ. Than Answer
IV Note: ww
ï¥gFâÆš xU ghâ rÇahfî«, kWghâ th¡»a tense
w w eg: If we eat fruits, ‘than’ we will be healthy.
(wrong)
ai
jtwhf bfhL¡f¥gL« mij âU¤â vGjî«. If we eat fruits, we will be healthy. (correct)
et t
IV Number Errors: xUik g‹ik ãiHfŸ
e eet t 2) Unless’
tU»w Complex Sentence-š ‘or/otherwise’
l a
l i
a .iN
1.
.N al l a
l a .iN
.N
Nouns like deer, cattle, sheep, people, folk and
i
police are plural They take plural verb S
ingular verb
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
tªjhš jtW or/otherwise’ I Ú¡» Answer vGJ.
assaa aa aa
eg: Unless you strive, or you will not prosper
is wrong.
a s
a s aass
(wrong)
as
2.
aadd
Nouns like civics scissors, mathematics, politics,
P P P Paadd
Unless you strive, you will not prosper (correct)
w ..
spectacles, economics, Physics, alms, news, aims
w w w. .tU»w
3) ‘Though/although/eventhough’ Complex
I Ú¡» w
ad
ee t
One of the boy is my brother (wrong)
ee t Though they are rich, they are unhappy (correct)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N One of the boys is my brother (correct)
¡F Kuzhf la l i
a.iNN tU»w
.tªjhš 4) Too____ to
š
l a
l i
a.iN.N
Simple Sentence- ‘and so’
assaa a
V Concord Errors: Verb Subject
a vGJ. a a
w
ïU¤jš
dda s
a s jtW I Ú¡»
dd aass ‘and so’ Answer
1.
P
ïUªjhš . . Paa
Either ______or, neither______nor
cl‹ 2.
..PP a
eg: The milk is too hot and so I can’t drink it
a
w
(wrong)
Singular nouns
ww Verb singular
Mf vGJ.
w w
wwwwfyªJ tªjhš, ww The milk is too hot to drink (correct)
Either ______or neither______nor______
cl‹
w
w
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a. N N
Neither Mohammed nor his brothers are kind.
i. l a
l i
a .iN
.N
1. eg: I would rather to sing to dance (wrong)
assaa aa aa
2. 2 singular nouns in addition to, as well as, along
with, together with, with
aass
cl‹ ïizªâUªjhš
ddvGâdhš ngh£lhš jtW a
dd as s
I would rather sing than dance (correct)
singular verb
jtW
nghlnt©L«
P
..Paa Plural verb mL¤J ‘ ’ 2)
aa
Prefer – I
brŒant©L«
P
.. P
to - use than
ww w
w
wwww
eg: Mohideen as well as Prem is active.
Naren along with Subramaniyan goes to school. wwww 1. eg: We prefer milk than tea (wrong)
We prefer milk to tea (correct)
321
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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N eet t N eet t
lalai .
i
1). N
VIII Adjective Errors: bga®îÇ¢brhš
ãiHfŸ
l a
l i
a .
i N
.jtW. v‹w th®¤ij¡F mL¤J
Junior, senior, superior, inferior, anterior, Prior,
5) nghLtJAwait,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N for
assaa posterior
nt©L« ‘
ngh‹w mL¤J ss
’ ngh£lhš jtW d
than
aa daa aa
adjectives
nghl to
aa aa s
ddk£L«saa
I am awaiting for you (wrong)
I am awaiting you (correct)
1.
..PP
Naren is junior than Rahim (wrong)
w w bfhL¡f¥gL«
ww P
-¡F P
. .ïJ jtW. ã‹
6)
K‹ghâ Statement
lalai.iN
X.N Note:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N š Koí« l a
l a .iN
.N
Tips for slow learners:
i
assaa aa K‹dhš nr®¤J vGJf. aassaa 1.
th®¤ijfS¡F ____t – adjective
a s
a s the
et
1) , O-W Sounds u-j sound Eu -u sounds
nkny «
P P
« cUth¡F»‹wd mjdhš mita dd -Mf
« -j
a tªjhš vdî«
Vowel
P Pa
tªjhšadvdî«
d 2. is are are is
ïUªJ« -I ‘a’ww . . mt‰¿‰F
use
brŒ»nwh« kh‰Wf.
ww
an..
ww tªjhšww w
.N
2)
ww
ngh£lhš jtW.
Singular-
š cŸs š vowel-
š Mu«ã¡F«sounds
w
vdî« kh‰Wf.
vdî« tªjhš3. Was were were was
ai
4. atªjhš an vdî« an tªjhš a vdî«
bga®fS¡F K‹ ‘an’ nghL
kh‰Wf.
eet t e t t
An orange, an apple, an MP., an M.L.A an LIC Agent
e
l a
l i
a .iN
3).NF¿¥ã£l, ,Person
, -¡F K‹D«, i.iN
al
Place
a
Object
l l a . N 5.
l a i
a .
iN. N
Verb, noun-s š KoªâUªjhš mij Ú¡Ff.
s ïšiyba‹whš nr®¤JÉLf.
l
s
asaa V‰fdnt ngr¥g£l,
aassaa
Person, Place, Object 6.
a
v‹w th®¤ijfS¡F¥ ã‹
assaa
Prefers, elder
as
F¿¥ã£l »uf«, d dÔî, kiy, dmšyJ
d
K‹D«,
ïir¡fUÉ, Éy§»d«, PPa aòÅj
. . M»at‰¿‹
MW,
üš, tªjhš mij vL¤JÉ£L
P Paanghlî«
. . ã‹dhš
7.
‘than’
‘one of the one of these
to
flš, bgU§flš, w w
ww k£L« brŒ
tisFlh
mšyJ
w w
ww nr®¤J -Mf
tªjhš mj‰F¥ each of the
bga®fS¡Fww w w
ad
ee t ee t
cow, the Vaigai, the Andaman, the Everest, the each of the tªJ mj‰F¥ ã‹dhš cŸs
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a.iN N
Arabian Sea, the Indian Ocean, the Persian Gulf.
i . l a
l i
a.iN.N
th®¤ijíl‹ s nr®¤J tªJ mj‰F¥
ãwF are tªjhš is vdî«, were tªjhš
a a aa aa
w
s
a s XI
1)
Other Errors:
k‰w ãiHfŸ
Tell, told a
dd s
a
to
s a s
a
dd ¡F s was vdî« kh‰¿ vGJf.
P
.. Pa
-¡F mL¤J nghLtJ jtW.
a P
.. Paa 9. Prefer, senior, junior, inferior, superior
w
2) w
Abroad,
v‹wwth®¤ij¡F w
tow
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a
We returned to home. (wrong)
l l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a
1..iN
.N Physics/Maths/Civics/Politics Is
assaa s aa s aa
We returned home. (correct)
4) v‹w th®¤ij¡F mL¤J a
Enter,
dd a s
nghLtJ into
ddaa s are my favourite subject
jtW.
P
..Pa a P
.. Paa 2. Two and two make four Makes
wwww wwww
The students enter into the classroom (wrong)
animals.
The students enter the classroom (correct)
322
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
4.
.N Each of the boys are
l a
l i
Is
a .iN
.N 29.
A.M
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
I have been writing for 10. Since 10 A.M
assaa aa aa
successful.
5. Either of the dogs bark
a
dd s
a s Barks 30.
a s
a s
He worked since sunrise to
dd From
ferociously.
P
.. Paa P
..Paa sunset
6. ww
Neither she nor I sings daily. Sing ww31. We stayed in Madras on May In May
7.
test
wwww
Neither I nor she write the Writes wwww 32.
last
He lived in T Nagar in Madras At
8. Babu as well as Gopu play plays 33. He shared the sweets be- Among
et
e t
the piano
eet t tween those ten children
lalai.iN
.N
9. You who is ambitious will
succeed in life
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Are 34.
l
Mohana
l a .iN
.N
He stood among Ravi and
i Between
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa
et
10. The teacher with her students Goes 35. Ram made an universal A
aadd
go for a Picnic every month.
PP P Padd
a appeal
11.
ww..
Hard and fast rules of safety Are
w
w ..36. Leela is a M.A An
wwww wwww
.N
is to be followed strictly. 37. Babu is a honest boy An honest
12. Fortunately the news are Is 38. The cow is an useful animal A
ai
good.
39. Children saw a huge ele- The children
13.
eet t
Everyone in our class learn, Learns
eet t phant in the street
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
14.
English
al
What are the latest news?
l a
l i
a
Is.iN
.N 40.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Earth revolves round the sun The earth
assaa aa aa
41. Sita plays flute everyday The flute
15. He don’t know but I do
a s
a s Does not
a s
a s
as
16.
P Paadd
Babu lives at a village In
42.
P Paadd
Every dark cloud has silver A silver lining
w
w .. ww.. lining
wwww wwww
17. Rama killed the tiger by a With 43. I met an European in my A European
ad
gun school
18. When shall we arrive to our At 44. A bird in the hand is worth The bush
destination two in a bush
t t
.P
19.
ee t
We listened the music
ee t
To the music 45. Gopu’s father is a engineer in An engineer
l a
l i
a .iN
20
.N We all sympathise for the
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
sympathise Madras
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
unfortunate girl with
w
23. They entered into the room the room 48. Structure of the text is even The structure
24. He is confident on his success of his success more complex
25. We all congratulated him for on his success 49. One of my sister is rich Sisters
eet t
his success
eet t 50. The servant arein a hurry to The servants
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
26. She is junior over Leela in
lal i
a.iN
.N
Junior to Leela finish
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
her office. 51. The letters was written by Were
27. a
dd
Ramu met in an accident s
a s Met with an
ddaass
her sister
P
..Paa accident
P
.. Pa
52.a Every student is expected to His work
ww ww finish their work
wwww wwww
28. Smoking is injurious for To health
health 53. He was wearing trouser Trousers
323
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
54. These letter reveal the truth
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Letters 75.
l a
l i
a
get the bus .iN
.N
If he had walked fast, he will He would have
got the bus
assaa aa aa
55. Describe the incident in Detail
details
a
dd s
a s 76.
a
dd s
a s
Not only did he give money But also
56.
P
.. Paa
The Pied Piper drove out all The mice
P
..Paa and he donated blood to the
earth Quake victims.
ww
the mouse from the city
ww
57.
58.
wwww
Two halfs make one
All the furnitures in her
Halves
All the
wwww 77. Besides beating the boy and
he booked a case
Besides beating
the boy he
booked a case
house has been modified furniture 78. Not only did he met the Meet
59.
et
e tEverybody agrees that he is a A man of
eet t principal but also he met the
lalai.iN
.N man of letter
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
letters
l a
l a .iN
.N
vice Principal
i
assaa aa aa
60. Every day she went to Goes 79. Anbu is inferior than Hema in inferior to
aass as
as
games
et
temple
PPaadd P a
80.
P dd
a The teacher told to his told his student
61.
ww..
Yesterday he goes to Salem Went
w
w .. students to attend school
wwww wwww
.N
62. Tomorrow he bought a P.C Will buy regularly
63. He played now Is playing Govt. Exam Questions :
64. When I went there she will Was sleeping I. Spot the error and correct them :
ai
sleep 1. I saw many gooses in the park May 2022
65.
eet t
I lived in the village since
e
Have been
et t 2. Ramu is one of the tallest boy.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 2001. al l i .iN
living
a
l a .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
3. He is my cousin brother
assaa aa aa
4. They discussed about the matter
66.
a s
I will wait for you for the
a s Have been
a s
a s
as
5. Either of these are right.
last one hour.
P Paadd waiting
P aadd
Ans : 1. geese, 2. boys,
P
67.
w
w ..
When I entered the house When I entered
ww..
3. remove brother, 4. remove about, 5. is
wwww wwww
and he felt very happy the house he
ad
t t
.P
miserly
a
dd s
a s being rich he is
a
dd s
a s
5. She met the concerned officer.
Ans : 1. Would have come, 2. is, 3. remove yet,
P
.. Paa miserly
P
.. Paa
w
eet t happy
eet t awesome.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
73. As he is honest and he is
lal i
a.iN
.N
As he is honest
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
3. My mother rarely goes out without an umbrella,
assaa aa aa
doesn’t she?
liked by all
a
dd s
a s he is liked by
all aass
4. Though I have done my interview well. I was not
dd
74. P
..Paa
If you work hard, you would If you work P
.. Paa
selected.
wwww wwww
have passed hard you will Ans : 1. This morning, 2. is,
pass 3. does she?, 4. had done, 5. under control
324
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
IV.
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
1. Malini told to her cousin that she would donate
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
4. My oldder brother is living abroad.
5. They are discussing about their picnic.
a a
dd s
a aa
s
2. Though I had a good sleep, but I feel tired.
a a
dd s
a aa
s
Ans : 1. is, 2. a, 3. he was, 4. elder,
5. remove about
aa
P
.. P
3. Every tourist has a amazing story to share.
ww ww P
..P
VI.
wwww wwww
4. One of the components are already missing. 1. If Meena had worked hard, She would receive an
5. Mr. Mohan is going through the most worst phase award. Aug 2022
of his life. 2. No sooner did they display the picture, the dealer
Ans : 1. remove to, 2. remove but, made his bid.
et
3. an amazing, 4. is, 5. remove most
e t e t
e t 3. Raju rode the bike fastly.
lalai.iN
.N
V.
1.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The colour of the curtains are very bright. Mar 2019
l a
l a .iN
.N
4. One of the girl is missing.
i
5. As she was sick, but she could not attend the
assaa 2.
a ssaa
I saw an uniformed soldier hiding behind the
a assaa
meeting.
a
et
wall.
PPaadd P add
a
Ans : 1. would have received, 2. then the dealer,
P
3. ..
No body knows why was he killed.
ww w
w .. 3. rides / fast, 4. girls, 5. remove but
wwww wwww
.N
Q. NO.: 37 - 40 Semantic fields 3 Marks
ai
Media Presses, guest column, cover story,
ïâš bfhL¡f¥g£l 5 th¡»a¤ijí« e‹whf
fearing, compare, gossip, thriller,
eet t
thá¤jã‹ò mj‹ ÑnH bfhL¡f¥g£l
eet t editorial, box office.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
th®¤ijfis ga‹gL¤â mj‹ Jiu rh®ªj
th¡»a« vJ v‹gij f©Lão¡f nt©L«, l a
l i
a .iN
.N Computer
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
USP, CPU, mouse, modem, keyboard,
assaa a s
a aa
s
Words can be classified according to their fields
a s
a aa
s screening, website, internet, chat,
as
P Paadd P Paadd software, hardware, landline, Microsoft,
Field
w
w .. Related words
ww.. ThinkPad, laptop, desktop, surfing,
Agriculture
wwww wwww
Filling, pesticide, yield,manure,plough, download, password, menu, floppy
ad
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
Space
.N l a i
a.iN
Satellite, orbit, the milky way, galaxy
.N
comet, shuttle, landing, launch planet.
l
Politics
l a
l a.iN
.N
Manifesto, campaign, candidate, ballot,
i
election veto, vote, c ontest, franchise.
assaa aa aa
w
Nutrition&
a s
a s
Dieting, vitamins, in lake, calorie,
dd a
dd
Court s
a s Bench, clerk, adjourn, convict, advo-
Dietetics
P
.. Paa
stodgy, spicy, blend
P
.. Paa cate, judge, law, suit, penalty trial.
w
Education
w
w
Dropout, competency, curriculum,
ww
wwww
three Rs, pedagogy, e
nrolment,
wwww Religion Church, Temple, mosque, worship,
w
faith, priest.
stagnation,syllabus
Medicine Surgeon, diabetes, laboratory, pills,
Weather Breezy blue day, foggy, windy, humid,
pediatrician, typhoid, p
enicillin
eet t eet t
hurricanes, tornado, cloudy, drizzle
Cooking Tasty Roast, culinary, barbecue, boil,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal a.iN
.N
Rain, monsoon, cloudy, cold, windy.
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
fried, edible.
assaa aa aa
Sports Athletics, unripe, innings, century,
a s
a s
decathlon, wicked, Ibw, g
dd ambit,
ddaass
Environ- biosphere, global warming, pollution,
aa
penalty, match, golf, polo, billiards
P
..P P
.. Paa
ment ozone
ww
squash javelin, ice hockey, baseball,
ww History monarch, rule, king
wwww
pole vault.
wwww
325
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Govt. Exam Questions :
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
1. Identify each sentence with the field in the list given below, by understanding the word or words
assaa 1.
serving as the clue.
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a
In a democracy i we have the right to criticize anyone. Mar 2019
aa
s
2. P
.. P
The price of vegetable shot up suddenly.
ww ww P
..P
wwww wwww
3. The passenger sat down to check his e-mails.
4. It was a thrilling neck and neck finish.
5. The programme will be telecast next week.
(commerce, sports, literature, computer, politics, media, Agriculture
Ans: 1. politics 2. commerce 3. computer 4. sports 5. media
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N
2.
l l
My grandfather owned a fertile land
a .iN
.N
1. Dr. Rahim is an orthopaedic surgeon May 2022
a i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa saa
s ssaa
3. A.R.Rehman is a great pianist.
aa aa
et
4. Jegan is into trading
PPaadd P Paadd
5.
w
w ..
The hacker had some problem with his mother board.
w w ..
(Music, Computer, Agriculture, Education, Medicine, Commerce, Nutrition)
.N
Ans: 1. Medicine 2. Agriculture 3. Music 4. Commerce 5. Computer.
Q. NO.: 44 - 47
ai
Tenses concords / Preposition
eet t eet t
For Homophones / Modal, Semimodal / Preposition / link words Refer Part - I (Vocabulary)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l a.iN
.N
FILL IN THE iBLANKS
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aas saa a s
a aa
s
as
P Paadd P Paadd
Refer Homophones/ Confusables, Modals Verbs / Quasi Modal Verbs, Link word, articles,
Tenses concepts given in Part I.
w
w .. ww..
wwww wwww
Govt Exam Questions:
ad
t t
.P
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s
2. Fill in the blanks as instructed. Mar 2020
a
dd s
a s
P
.. Pa P
.. Pa
(a) The naughty little girl did not realize how her hair got so knotty. (knotty / naughty)
a a
w
(b) As the shops were closed (close), we could not buy anything for the children.
w
w ww
wwww wwww
(Use the correct verb form)
(c) The team performed the task in an excellent manner. (Fill in the blank with a quantitative determiner)
w
(d) My inquisitive niece used to ask a number of questions, when she was a child.
(Fill in the blank with a semi-modal verb)
3. Fill in the blanks with the correct tense forms of the verbs given in brackets. Jun 19
(a)
eet t eet t
Helena had visited (visit) several doctors before she found (find) out what the problem was (be) with her
l a
l i
a .iN
.N knee.
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
(b) The fire-service personnel endanger their personal safety, during their operations. (personal, personnel)
4.
a s
a s
Fill in the blanks as instructed. Mar 2019
dd ddaass
(a)
P
..Paa P
.. Pa
Have you ever seen such a beautiful scene? (scene, seen)
a
(b)
ww ww
How dare you disobey my words? (use a quasi modal verb)
(c)
(d) wwww wwww
What is done can not be undone. (use a modal verb)
Take an umbrella with you otherwise / or / or else / lest you will get wet. (use a suitable link word
326
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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e et t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Q. NO.: 44 - 47 Tenses
l a
l i
a .iN
. N 3 Marks
l a
l i
a .iN
. N
s
a a
sa aa ssa a
Tenses
a as saa
aa dhelp
d time.
Tenses of verbs are used to express
P P
They indicate the time and state of thed
P Pa a d
action.
fhy¤ij fh£L«
w gFâahf mikí«, ÑnH bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs pictograph
Éidia¡
wwK¡»a¥ wwww c§fS¡F òǪJ
bfhŸs cjî«)
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa
et
PPaadd P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
ai
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
wwww wwww
ad
t t
.P
ee t ee
Tenses(fhy«)t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd ass a
dd s
a s
P Paa
. . Past tense P
.. P aa
w
Present tensew
www w w w
Future w
Tense
ww w
w
w
1.
eet t
simple present 1. Simple past1. tSimple
e e t Future
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
2. present continuous 2.
lal i
a.iN
.N2.3. Future
Past continuous continuous
l a
l i
a .
i N
.N
assaa s a
sa s aa
s
3. present prefect 3. Past perfect Future perfect
4. present perfect
aa a
dd
4. a Past prefect continuous
4. Future perfect
a
continuous
a a
dd a
continuous
ww P
..P w w..PP
wwww wwww
327
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N Present
l a
l a .iN
.N 3. Present Perfect Tense
tenses
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
s
a a
sa 1. Simple Present Tense sa
aa s a a s
a aa
s
aadd
Structure:-s+ mv(1)(s, es, ies)
PP P Paa dd
w w.. w w ..
Structure:-S+ have/has +MV3
wwww wwww
Person Singular Plural
Person Singular Plural
First I play. We play
First I have played We have played
second you play. You play.
Third He They play Second You have played You have played.
et
e t She plays
eet t Third He They have played
lalai.iN
.N It
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N She has played
assaa aa aa It
Usages:-
aass as
as
et
i)
PPaadd
to express habitual actions at present.
P Padd
a
Usage:-
w..
I always get up at 6 0’ clock
w w
w .. i) to indicate activities in the immediate past
wwww wwww
ii) to express general truth
.N
He has just gone out.
The sun rises in the east.
ii) to express past actions whose time is not given and
iii) to express a p!anned action in the future.
He joins duty next Monday. not definite.
ai
iv) In the imperative sentences Mr Raju has been to Madras.
eet t
Don’t waste your time.
eet t iii to describe past events when we think more of
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
v) In conditional or temporal clauses if the main clause
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
their effect in the present than of the action itself.
assaa aa aa
is in the Present or Future Tense.
a s
a s
If you study well, you will pass.
a ass
I have visited many European countries
as
aadd
When my mother returns I shall buy a car.
P P aa dd
Key words:- never, ever, late, just, just now, yet,
P P
Key words:
w
w .. w ..
already, till, till now, so far, recently
w
wwww
Usually, daily, generally, rarely, occasionally,
wwww
ad
l a
l i
a.iN
.N Singular Plural
assaa aa aa
first I have been playing. We have been
w
Person Singular
a
dd s
a s Plural
a
dd s
a s playing.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
Second You have been playing You have been
w
eet
Usages:-t eet t Usage:-
l a
l i
a .iN
i).N la i
a.iN
for an action in progress at present.
l .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
It is used for an action which began at sometime in
assaa s aa s aa
It is raining now.
a
dd a s
ii) for an action that is already planned which will take
ddaa s the past and is still continuing.
PPaa
place in the near future(planned future).
.. P
.. Paa He has been living in this house since 1985.
ww
We are writing a test on Monday.
ww Key words:- Since, for
wwww
My father is going to Madras next Sunday.
Key words: now, at present, at this moment, while. wwww
328
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
. N
Past Tenses
l a
l i
a .iN
. N
assaa aa ¾¾ aa
Usage:-
5. Simple Past
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
The past perfect describes an action complained
Structure:- S+ MV2 P
.. P aa P
.. aa
before a certain moment in the past
P
w w ¾¾
ww I had seen him last five years before.
Person
First
wwwwSingular
I played.
Plural ¾¾
We played.
wwww If two actions happened in the past it may
be necessary to show which action happened
earlier than the other. The past perfect is used
Second you played. You played for the first action and past simple is used for
}
the second action.
et
e t
Third He
t t
They played
ee ¾¾After I had finished my work, I went to bed.
lalai.iN
.N She Played
It
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
Key words: till before, after, since, already, when.
l
assaa Usage:-
aasaa 8. Past perfect continuous Tenseaassaa
s
et
i)
P aadd
to indicate an action completed in the past
P P Pa add
w
w ..
Colombus discovered America.
ww ..
Structure:- S+ had + been + MV(1) + ing
wwww wwww
.N
ii) It is used for the past habit Person Singular Plural
He studied many hours every day. First I had been playing We had been
Key words:- ago, before, yesterday, previous day, playing
ai
week, once, one day Second You had been playing You had been
eet t
6. Past continuous Tense eet t playing
.iN
.N .iN
.N .iN
.N
l
assaa
a
l i
a al
Structure:- s+ was / were +MV(1)+ ing
aass l
aa a
l i
a } Third
a s
a aa
s l a
l i
He
a
she
They had been
had been playing. playing.
as
It
Person
aa
Singular
P P dd Plural
P Paadd
First
w w..
I was playing. We were playing.
ww..
Usage:-
wwww ¾ ¾
wwww The past perfect continuous tense is used for
ad
Second You were playing. You were playing. an action that began before a certain point in
Third he
She } They were
was playing. playing.
the past and continued upto that time.
¾¾At that time he had been reading a novel for
three hours.
t t
.P
ee t It
ee t Key words:- Since, ever since, for.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N¾¾
Usage:-
l a
l i
a.iN
.N Future Tenses
It is used to denote an action going on at some
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa ¾¾ aa aa
w
7. wwwperfect
w Tense wwww Person Singular Plural
w
Past
First I Shall play. We shall play
Structure:- s+ had + MV(3)
Second You will play. You will play.
t t t t }
Person Singular plural Third He They will play
i .iN
.Nee
First I had played
i.iN
. Nee
We had played
i .iN
.N She will play
l a
l a lal a l a
l a It
ww.. P
Tomorrow will be Monday.
It
wwww Key words:- tomorrow, next week, in a week, soon, shortly
329
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N 10. Future continuous Tense
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Usage:-
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
It is used to indicate the completion of an action by
assaa s aa
s ssaa
Structure :- S
+ shall/will/can/may/
dda
must+be=MV(1) + ing.
a a a aa dda
a certain future time.
a
I shall have finished the work by this time next
Person
ww P
.. P
Singular plural
w ..PP
week.
w
First
wwww I shall be playing we shall be
playing w ww
key words:- by next month, by next year, by this week end.
w
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
second You will be playing. You will be
playing. Structure:- S+shall/will/can/may/must+
}
et
e t eet t have+been+MV(1)+ing.
lalai.iN
.N Third He
She will be playing
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
They will be
playing
Usage:-
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
The future perfect continuous indicates an action
It
aass as
as
represented as being in progress over a period of
et
Usage:-
PPaadd P Padd
a time that will end in the future.
ww..
It is used to describe an action that will be in w
w .. By next June I shall have been living in this house
wwww wwww
.N
progress in future time. for five years.
By this time tomorrow we shall be waiting here. Key words:- Since, ever since, for.
ai
Key words:- By this time tomorrow, at this Fill in the blanks with the correct tense forms of
time tomorrow the verbs given in brackets:
eet t eet I:t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 11. Future perfect Tense
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Exercise
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
1. My friend who is (be) in Hyderabad invited (invite)
Structure:
aass a s
a s
me to spend the vacation with him. I have decided
as
aadd
s + shall / will / can / may must +have + MV3
P P P Paadd(decide) to leave for Hyderabad tomorrow. By this
Person w w .. Singular Plural ww.. time day after tomorrow I shall have searched
ee t e
played
e t (finish) his home work just now. He went out on
i .iN
.N i.iN
.N i.iN
.N
a walk after he had done (do) his home work. He
l a
l a
} PPaaddaassaa F¿¥ò:- ïªjiaí«ÉdhɉF
l a
l a l a
l a
had written the address on the envelope before he
assaa aa
Third He They will have
w
will have
She played played ss
posted (post) it.
aa
dnt©L«.
d
It
.. P
.. Paa
Éil vGJ« nghJ
w
e t t
Simple Present
e e t t
V1/vs(=v1+s/es)
e (am, is,are) +v3(past participle)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Simple Past
lal i
a.iN
V2
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
(Was were)+v3
assaa s aa s aa
Simple Future Shall/will+v1 (Shall be, will be)+v3
Present Continuous a
dd a s Am/is/are+v-ing
ddaa s (am, is, are)+being+v3
Past Continuous P
..Paa Was/were+v-ing P
.. Paa (was, were)+being+v3
ww ww
wwww
Future Continuous
wwww
Shall/will+be+v-ing
330
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N Present Perfect
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Have/has+v3
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
No passive form
assaa aa aa
Past Perfect Had+v3 (have, has)+been+v3
Future Perfect
a
dd s
a s Shall/will+have+v3
a
dd s
a s Had+been+v3
P
.. Paa
Present Perfect Continuous Have/has+been+v-ing
P
..Paa (Shall have, will have)+been+v3
ww
Past Perfect Continuous Has+been+v-ing
ww No passive form
wwww
Future Perfect Continuous
wwww
Shallwill+have+been+v-ing No passive form
No passive form
Note:
1. First of all , we must decide whether the verb should be in the Active Voice or in the Passive Voice.
2.
et
e t eet t
If the subject is the doer of the action, we say the verb is in the Active Voice.
lalai.iN
.N
3.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
If the subject is the person or thing acted upon (the receiver of the action) we say the verb is in the Passive Voice.
assaa aa aa
4. If the verb is in the Active, the proper tense form of the verb should be decided as per the situation.
5.
aass as
as
If the verb is in the Passive Voice, the proper passive form of the verb should be used.
et
Example:
PPaadd P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
In our blood there __1__ (be) red and white cells, which can only __2__(see) under a microscope The white
wwww wwww
.N
cells __3__(protect) us against the microbes which cause disease. If the white cells __4__ (defeat) a person
__5__ (become) very ill or may die
Answers: 1. Are 2. Be seen 3. Protect 4. Are defeated 5. Will become
ai
Rewrite the following passage with the correct tense and voice forms of the verbs given
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
in brackets.
1..N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The Christmas __1__(celebrate) on December 25 every year. All The Christians __2__ (go) to church. A special
assaa s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
service __3__(hold) on that day at the end of which sweets __4__ (give) to all. All the people __5__(bless) by
a
as
the bishop.
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
Answers: 1. is celebrated 2. go 3. is held 4. are given 5. are blessed
2.
wwww wwww
My mother-in-law __1__(live) with us for the last four months. She __2__(leave) to-day for Mumbai. Ticket
ad
__3__(reserve) already for her journey. She __4__(accompany) by my son. My son __5__ (help) her with her
packing now.
Answers:- 1. has been living 2. is leaving 3. has been reserved 4. is accompanied 5. is helping
t t
.P
3.
ee t e e t
Fill in the blanks with the correct tense form May 2022
l a
l i
a .iN
.N If I __ a pilot, I would fly high
1.am 2. was 3. had been
l a
l i
a.iN
.N4. were
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
4.
aa ss
Rita _____ (Call) me yesterday Aug 2022
dd a
dd s
a s
a) call
P
.. Pa
b) Called
a c) is calling d) will call
P
.. Paa
w
5.
Q.No: 41 – w
www Construction of Dialogues/ w
w
Sema ____ (leave) for her NEET classes shortly (use appropriate tense. Aug 2022 Ans : is leaving
w w
ww 5 marks
w
47 w
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Dialogue writing rules.
Govt Exam Questions
lal i
a.iN
.N Seetha
l a
l i
a .iN
.N : Where are you going?
assaa aa aa
Geetha : We have planned to go to
1)
a s
a s
Construct a dialogue between two friends
dd ddaass Bangalore.
P
..Paa
discussing their holiday plans in not more
then five exchanges Sep 2020 P
.. Paa Seetha : It’s wonderful. How many days is
ww ww the trip?
Seetha
wwww
:
wwww
Hi Geetha, you look happy today.
What’s the reason?
Geetha
: We have planned for three days.
What is your plan Seetha?
331
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N Seetha
Geetha
:
:
l a
l a .iN
.N
Oh, you can enjoy the trip very happily isn’t it?
l a
l a .iN
We have also planned to go to Mysore to my uncle’s ‘house’
i i .N
assaa Seetha
Geetha
:
:
a dd assaa
Yes of course, Have a safe journey?
a
Thank you. See You. Have a good day.
a aa a
dd s
a aa
s
P
.. P
For further Exercise See TB Pg-75, 102, 123, 125, 173
ww ww P
..P
wwww 1. Prose Comprehension wwww
Govt Exam Questions: However, I wanted grandfather to enjoy
1. Read the following passage and answer the this experience again but this time through his
et
e t
questions in your own words. May 2022
eet t own efforts. I suggested grandfather should
take computer lessons, and of course, I would
lalai.iN
.N l a a .iN
.N
The history of medicinal plants is as old as
i
the history of human beings. Most medicines are
l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
be his teacher. So every evening after doing my
assaa aa aa
homework, grandfather would start his lessons
aas
obtained either directly or indirectly from plants. All
s as
aswith me. The internet fascinated him. To think he
et
aadd
the major systems of medicines such as Ayurveda,
Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy are based on
PP P Padd
a now had the world’s information at his fingertips -
ww..
drugs obtained form plants and animals. These
w
w .. how marvellous!
wwww wwww
He took the sessions very seriously though he
.N
produce primary metabolites for their own living e.g.
carbohydrates, amino acids, etc., and secondary got tired very easily. There were times when he
metabolites for protection, competition and species would fall asleep on the keyboard! Sometimes, he
interaction, (e. g) alkaloids, terpenoids flavonoids would accidentally close the windows and would
ai
etc. Phytochemistry is the study of phytochemicals start all over again. I had to be really patient with
e t t
which are chemical substances derived from
e eet t him at all times. But we kept up the sessions; and
now after just two months, grandfather is so glad
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a i .iN
various parts of the plant. Few plant derived drugs
.N
are Tulsi, Nannari, Nilavembu, Pappali etc.
l a l a
l i
a .iN
.N
he tried. The computer is grandfather’s a new toy,
assaa aa aa
and he is not going to let anything stop him when
Questions & Answers :
a s
a s a s
a s
he is at play!
as
P aadd
(a) Name any two major systems of medicines
Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy.
P P Paadd
Questions
w
w ..
(b) What are secondary metabolites?
ww.. (a) Why was the grandfather suspicious about
wwww wwww
the electronic gadgets?
Drugs obtained from medicinal plants.
ad
ee t
Study of Phytochemicals.
ee t He excitedly watched it as magic but grandmother
l a
l i
a .iN recent years?
l a
l i
a.iN
(e) Did you come across the word Nilavembu’ in
.N .N l a
l
of time.i
a.iN
.N
was not interested as she considered it as a waste
assaa aa aa
For which disease was it recommended?
w
a s
a s
Yes. It is recommended for severe viral fever like
dd a
dd s
a s
(c) Was it easy for the narrator to teach his
grandfather?
Dengue /(COVID-19).
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
wwww
questions in your own words. Sep 2020
wwww (d) Why did the internet fascinate him?
w
My grandfather recently moved from the He thought that he had the world’s information at
village to live with us in the city. Grandfather was his fingertips.
suspicious about the electronic gadgets I had in my
(e) Narrate any one funny instance in the
room, and Grandmother said she did not want to
eet t
know anything about my new toys!
eet t teaching learning process.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
So, one day, I decided to show grandfather how
l a i
itself.
l a .iN
Sometimes he would fall asleep on the keyboard
.N
assaa aa aa
I was able to see and talk to my cousin Shreya,
a s s
who stayed thousands of miles away in New
dd a 3.
ddaass
Read the following passage and answer the
P
..Pa
Zealand. Grandfather was so amazed when he
a
was able to have a conversation with Shreya. He
P
.. Paa questions in your words: Aug 2022
India is unique in the system of Joint Hindu
ww w
excitedly called grandmother to watch this ‘magic’.
w
wwww wwww
families. A Joint Hindu family comprises of father,
But grandmother’s response was usual she did not
mother, sons, daughters, grandsons and grand
want to waste her time.
332
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
daughters. They hold the property jointly. They do
i
the business under the control of the head of the
a i
a .iN
(c) Explain the comparison made by Shelley.
.N
Shelly compares sky on a dark night to the star-
l l
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
family. These families have engaged in occupations spangled black dress of a woman.
a
dd a
like agriculture, handicrafts, small industries etc.
aa a
dd a
(d) When does the sky appear grim?
aa
ww P
Their business units are known as Joint Hindu
.. P
Family business” This system is found only in
ww P
..P When the sky is covered with clouds without any
stars, it appears grim.
wwww wwww
India. The system of Joint Hindu family came into
existence by the operation of Hindu Law. There will
not be any disagreement among the members. The
(e) How does a child differ from a matured
adult, when it beholds the sky at night?
Sky at night is a mystery for a child but for an
firm is owned by the members of the family who
adult it is an endless object of study.
have inherited their ancestral property. The head
et
e t
of the family is known as ‘KARTA’. eet t 4. Read the following passage carefully and
lalai.iN
.N
Questions :
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
answer the questions given below: JUN 2019
assaa aa aa
At the end of his voyage, Sindbad decided to
ss
(1) Who are the members of a Joint Hindu
aa as
as
et
settle down at Baghdad and spend the rest of his
Family?
PPaadd P Padd
a life there. But soon he got tired of this kind of life,
ww..
Father, mother, sons, daughters, grandsons and
grand daughters are the members of a Joint Hindu w
w .. which was not at all active. He disliked laziness and
wwww wwww
.N
wished to be doing something always. So he joined
Family. with several other friendly merchants and set out to
(2) When did the Joint Hindu Family come into sea a second time. They set sail in a good ship and
existence? soon reached an island, covered with many kinds
ai
It came into existence by the operation of Hindu of fruit trees. They landed on the island and walked
eet
Law.t eet t for some distance but could see neither men nor
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
(3) How is the head of the family called?
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
animals. While the other merchants, were amusing
i
themselves in various ways, Sindbad sat down
assaa s aa s aa
The head of the family is called as KARTA.
a a s a a s
under a tree near a small river to take his food. He
as
property’?
P Paadd
(4) What do mean by the term ‘ancestral
P Paadd
had a good meal and fell asleep. He did not know
how long he slept, but when he woke up, the ship
w
w ..
The property is owned by the members of the family
ww.. was no longer seen.
wwww
or the property acquired by great grand father
wwww Questions
ad
which has been passed down from generation to (a) What did Sindbad decide to do at the end of
generation is called ‘ancestral property’. his first voyage?
3.Read the following passage and answer the At the end of his voyage, Sindbad decided to settle
t t
.P
ee t
questions in your own words. Mar 2020
ee t down at Baghdad.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
The night sky makes a very interesting study. To
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
(b) Why did he embark on a voyage the second
assaa aa aa
an astronomer or a sailor, the position of the stars time?
w
a
dd s
a s
is a serious, professional study. Many of the stars
a s
a s
Since he disliked laziness, he started for a second
dd
P
.. Paa
are known by their names. Each has a distinctive
P
.. Paatime.
w
wwww wwww
poet’s delight. The sky on a dark night may appear,
somewhat sinister to some, but to Shelley, the poet, They reached an island which is covered with many
w
e t t e t t
sky at night, is a mystery and to the mature, it is an
e e Since they couldn’t see any men or animals they
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
endless object of study.
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
amused themselves in various ways.
assaa aa aa
Questions (e) What happened when Sindbad was fast
a s
a s
(a) How can we identify the stars?
dd ddaass
asleep?
P
..Paa
We can identify stars by their names.
P
.. Paa He missed the ship as he slept too long.
ww
(b) Who is an astronomer?
ww For unknown comprehension
bodies. wwww
Astronomer is the one who studies about sky
wwww For exercises See TB Pg. 25, 26, 57, 88, 89, 131, 159,
189, 198, 200
333
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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e t
e t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Q.No: 41 – 47
l a
l i
a
3. Developing .iNN
.hints 5 marks
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
s
a a
sa (Additional)
aassaa aassaa
Guidelines for you:
P Paadd PPaa dd
1.
ww..
Read the hints carefully more than once.
ww..
2.
3.
wwww
Understand the central theme of the given hints.
wwww
Find out the tense used. Mostly, the hints are given in simple present or simple past tense.
4. Develop the hints using the same tense.
5.
N eet N eet
You can give a title, choosing the title from the hints itself.
t t
lalai .N a paragraph on any one of the following
6.
.Write
i l a
l i
a i .N in about 100 words.
At the end, you can suggest a moral. You can use proverbs for the moral.
.outlines l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aas saa as
asaa
et
1.
PP aa dd P P add
Conservation of water____ basic need___ water essential for life___ must conserve during all seasons ____
a
act as sponges.
w .. w w..
suggestions: link rivers___ avoid domestic wastage ___ harvest rainwater ___ recycle water ___ grow trees. They
w
wwww wwww
.N
Conservation of water:
Water is a basic need. It is essential for life. We must conserve water during all seasons. Some suggestions
ai
are given to conserve water. We should link rivers and avoid domestic wastage. Steps should be taken to harvest
rainwater and to recycle waste water. We should grow trees. Trees act as sponges. They retain the water table. ”Save
eet t
water and save nation”.
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l
(OR) i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa 2.
a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
Insects____ two main kinds ___ useful, harmful ___ useful; bees, silk worms ___ honey and silk __ food and
as
Paadd P Paadd
clothing ___ harmful; locusts, mosquitoes ___ locusts eat growing plants ___ destroys crops ___ mosquitoes cause
P
w
w .. ww..
malaria ___ millions die ___neither harmful nor useful; butterfly, ladybird ___ pretty, colourful.
Insects:
wwww wwww
ad
Insects are of two kinds. Some insects are useful and some are harmful. Bee and silkworm are useful insects
locusts and mosquitoes are harmful insects. Locusts eat growing plants. Mosquitoes cause malaria. Every year
millions of people die of malaria. Some insects are neither harmful nor useful. Butterfly and ladybirds are very pretty
t t
.P
ee t
and colourful.
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
3.
.N l a
l a.iN
.N l a
l a.iN
.N
An ant - falls into a river - on the way finds a twig - hold on it - water every where - calls for help - dove
i i
hears - picks twig and ant - put on dry land - ant thanks - my duty replies dove - hunter sees - flying dove - aim an
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
arrow - about to shoot - ant bites hunter - misses aim - dove flies away - good friends help.
A Dove and an ant:
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
Once an ant fell into the river. He called for help. A dove heard the sound. It wanted to help the ant. It picked
w
w ww
wwww wwww
a twig and dropped it on the water. The ant climbed on it and came to the land. It thanked the dove. They became
friends. One day a hunter saw the dove. He aimed an arrow and was about to shoot. The ant saw it, it bit the hunter
w
to save the dove. The hunter missed the aim. The dove escaped and flew away. This is a good friends help.
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
334
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.NMINIMUM MATERIALSlalaFOR i .iN
.NSLOW LEARNERS lalai.iN .N
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
ww P
.. P ww P
..P PART - I
wwww wwww
Sl. No. TOPIC Page No.
1-3 Synonyms 359
4-6 Antonyms 360
7-20 Syllabification 361
et
e t Abbreviation
eet t 362
lalai.iN
.N Compound words
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N 362
et
Foreign words
PPaadd P Padd
a 363
ww..
Definition of words
w
w .. 364
wwww wwww
.N
Phrasal verbs 365
Prefix and suffix 365
ai
British English / American English 366
eet t Prepositions
eet t 366
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Question tag
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N 366
assaa aa aa
Articles 367
a s
a s a s
a s
as
Clipped words
wwww wwww
PART – II
ad
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
27-30
l a i
a.iN
.N
Simple, compound and complex sentences
l l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
Conditional clauses
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa PART – III
P
.. Paa
w
31-33 ERC
w
w ww
34-36
wwww
Prose short answers
wwww 375
w
37-40 Homophones, link word, tense and voice forms, spot error, verb patterns, determiners, 379
preposition
lal a.iN
.N
Job application letter and other letters
l a
l a .iN
.N
Prose, poetry, Non-detailed paragraphs, Writing Notice, E-mail writing & Letter writing,
i i 383
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
335
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aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N Q. No.: 1 - 3
l a
l i
a .iN
.N SYNONYMS
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
Lesson-1 38. antipathy – strong dislike
1. Mantelpiece a
dd a
– shelf projecting from the
aa 39. a
dd a
fortunes
aa – huge sums of money
2. Absurd ww P
.. P
wall above a fireplace
– illogical
40.
41.ww P
..P
reluctant
delinquent
– unwilling
– a young person who is regularly
3.
4.
Fables
hobbled
wwww
– Stories
– walked unsteadily
wwww
42. exploits
involved in wrong doing
– heroic acts
5. Puckered – to contract the face into 43. abstracted – lacking concentration
wrinkles / wrinkled face 44. prosaic – dull
6.
et
e texpanse – widespread
eet t 45. mediocre – ordinary / not very good
lalai.iN
.N
7. growling – roaring
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 46. fallible
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
– capable of making mistakes
assaa saa s aa
8. monotonous – boring / unchanging 47. sieve – filter
aa s aas
et
9. stale – dry
PPaadd 48.
P Padd
audacious
a
– bold and daring
10.
11.
snapped
seclusion
w..
– broke
w
– isolation
49.
w
w
50... eccentric
Indignant
– weird / act strangely
– being very angry
wwww wwww
.N
12. reciting – say 51. quivering – shivering
13. bedlam – noisy confusion 52. vexation – irritation
14. perched – rested / sat Lesson-4
ai
15. clasped – grasped 53. bloatocrat – a fat and rich person of high
16.
eet t
frivolous – playful
eet t station
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
17. rebukes al
– scoldings
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 54. electrified
l a
l i .iN
.N
– shocked by something
a
assaa aa aa
18. dilapidated – damaged unexpected
a s
a s a s
a s
as
19.
20.
persuade
pallor
P Paadd
– encourage
– an unhealthy pale appearance
55.
56.
P P add
modestly
a
crescendo
– humbly
– progress towards a climax
21. shroud
w
w ..
– a cloth used to wrap, 57.
ww..
congealed – thickened
wwww wwww
ad
ee t
24. jetlag
ee t
– tiredness due to long flight 62. baize – coarse woollen material
l a
l i
a .iN
.N travel
l a
l i
a.iN
.N 63. farthings
l a
l i.iN
.N
– as low as a paisa
a
assaa aa aa
25. vanished – disappeared 64. indelibly – cannot be removed
w
28. conviction
w
w
– belief
ww Lesson-5
29. sate
wwww
– satisfy
wwww
67. conferred – granted a degree / title
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
34. haul
lal i
– taking a collection
a.iN
.N 72. emissaries
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
– deputies
assaa aa aa
35. speculation – guess 73. eschewed – avoided / nothing to do with
36. consoled
a
– comforted
dd s
a s 74.
aa
feudal
dd ss – medieval
P
..Paa
Lesson-3
P Paa
75. confronting
.. – aggressively resisting
37. vintages
ww
– High quality wine produced
ww
76. secluded
336
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
77.
78.
cloistered
perseverance
–
–
restricted
l
continued effort a
l i
a .iN
.N 92.
93.
alley
en famille
l a
l i
a .iN
–
– .Na narrow passage
as a family
assaa 79.
80.
inherent
perils
–
–
inborn
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
dangers and risks
94.
95. a
yanked
aadd s
a aa
s
consternation
–
–
pulled with a jerk
worry
81. indebted – P
.. P
obliged to repay
ww 96.
ww P
..P
extravagantly – excessively
82.
83.
84.
tillers
toilers
replenish
wwww
–
–
–
cultivators
workers
refill
wwww
97.
98.
99.
cascade
disgorging
gashed
–
–
–
waterfall
discharging
cut deeply
85. despondent – depressed 100. hysterics – fits of laughter or cry
86.
et
e t
sermons –
eet
speeches on moral subjects
t 101. exasperation – irritation
lalai.iN
.N
87.
88.
endowed
crusade
–
–
gifted
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
campaign for a good cause
102.
103.
catastrophe
suave
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
–
–
a terrible disaster
polite and sophisticated
et
90. luster –
aadd
glow of reflected light
PP
105.
P Padd
a
concourse – open area in public building
ww..
Lesson-6
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
91. awkward – uncomfortable
Q. No.: 4 - 6 ANTONYMS
ai
Lesson-1 26. remember x forget
1.
eet t
pretty x ugly
eet t 27. fortune x misfortune
l a
l i
a .iN
2.
3..N several
continued
x few
al
x discontinued
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 28.
29.
worse
virtue
l a
l i
a
x
x.iN
.N
better
vice
t t
.P
11.
ee t
scattered x gathered
ee t 37. vile x delight
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
12. monotonous x interesting
Lesson-2
l a
l i
a.iN
.N 38. smothered
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Lesson-4
x expressed
assaa aa aa
w
13. amateur
a s
a
x professional
dd s 39.
a
glibly
dd s
a s x awkwardly
14. compulsory
P
.. Paa
x optional 40.
P
.. aa
genuine
P
x fake
w
15. traditional
w
x modern
w w
41.
w indelibly x temporary / removable
16. expensive
wwww
x cheap
wwww
42. prosperous x poor
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
21.
22.
opponent
reality
x partner
x fantasy
lal i
a.iN
.N 47.
48.
rectitude
grave
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
x dishonest
x cheerful
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
x unique / rare / uncommon
add
a aas
49. Conscious
saa Lesson-5
x unconscious
24. modern
w P
..P
x primitive / ancient / antique
w w P
.. P
50. eschewed
w x agree
25. seldom
wwww
x often
wwww
51. feudal x modern
337
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
52. secluded x public
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 68. famous
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
x unpopular
assaa aa aa
53. optimism x pessimism 69. generous x unkind
54. perils x safety
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s Lesson-6
55. perseverance
P
.. Paa
x wavering, laziness 70. aa
panic
P
..P x calm / bravery
56. despondent
ww
x happy 71.
wwbelieve x doubt
57.
58.
eminent
enthroned
wwww
x unimportant
x dethroned
wwww
72.
73.
attractive
quietly
x ugly
x noisily
59. indebted x thankless 74. doleful x joyful
60. replenish x deplete 75. abruptly x slowly
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
61.
.N
solace x distress
Common Antonyms
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
76.
77.
accumulated
recline
l a
l i
a .iN
x dispersed
.N
x stand
et
63. bravery
aadd
x cowardice
PP
79.
P add
a
frustration
P
x happiness
64. coarse
ww..
x fine 80.
w
w ..comfort x discomfort
wwww wwww
.N
65. complete x incomplete 81. disturbance x calm
66. creator x destroyer 82. venerable x dishonourable
67. eagerly x indifferently
ai
eet t
Q. No.: 7
eet t
SYLLABIFICATION
l a
l i
a .iN
1..N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
words ending with -tion, -cion and -ssion: 6. ending with -ate:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
cal-cu-la-tion > tetrasyllabic word an-ti-ci-pate > tetrasyllabic word
a s
a s a s
a s
as
co-er-cion
sus-pi-cion
>
>
P Paadd
trisyllabic word
trisyllabic word
P P add
cal-cu-late
a
cong-ra-tu-late
>
>
trisyllabic word
tetrasyllabic word
e-du-ca-tion
w
w ..
> tetrasyllabic word
ww..
e-du-cate > tri syllabic word
wwww wwww
ad
ee t
e-las-ti-ci-ty >
e
pentasyllabic word
e t phi-lo-so-phic > tetrasyllabic word
l a
l i
a .iN
.N dis-a-bi-li-ty >
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
pentasyllabic word syl-la-bic
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
> trisyllabic word
assaa aa aa
w
ge-o-gra-phy w
w > tetrasyllabic word ww
zo-o-lo-gy > tetrasyllabic word
wwww
ra-di-o-gra-phy > penta syllabic word
wwww
9. ending in -ble, -cle, -dle, -fle, -gle, -kle, -ple,
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N ma-the- ma-ti-cal >
a i.iN
.N
pentasyllabic word
l l a ri-fle
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
> disyllabic word
assaa s aa s aa
the-o-re-ti-cal > pentasyllabic word ap-ple > disyllabic word
5. ending with -ly: a
dd a s dd
10. others:aa s
P
..
e-co-no-mi-ca-lly >
Paahexasyllabic word
P
.. Paa
ca-ra-van > trisyllabic word
po-li-ti-ca-lly ww> pentasyllabic word wwdis-ap-point-ment > tetrasyllabic word
care-ful-ly
wwww > trisyllabic word
wwww
338
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Q. No.: 8
l a
l i
a .iN
.N ABBREVIATIONS (P. No. 39)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa IELTS
GST
-
-
dd
Goods and Service Tax
aa
s
a aa
s
International English Language Testing System
a NCC
a
dd
LED
aa
s
a aa
s- National Cadet Corps
- Light Emitting Diode
TNPSC
STD
-
- ww P
.. P
Tamil Nadu Public Commission
Subscribers’ Trunk Dialing ww P
..P
CPU
CBSE
- Central Processing Unit
- Central Board of Secondary Education
ISD
MBA
-
-
wwww
International subscribers’ Dialing
Master of Business Administration
wwww GDP
LCD
- Gross Domestic Product
- Liquid Crystal Display
MHRD - Ministry of Human Resources Development NRI - Non Resident Indian
GPS - Global Positioning System IIT - Indian Institute of Technology
et
NSS
e t - National Service Scheme
eet t ITI - Industrial Training Institute
lalai.iN
.N
PTA
NGO
-
-
Parent – Teacher Association
l a
l i
a
Non-Governmental Organisation.iN
.N USB
AIBA
l a
l a .iN
.N
- Universal Serial Bus
i
- Association Internationale de Boxe Amateur
assaa ICU -
a
Intensive Care Unit
asaa
s a
CCTVs
asaa - Closed Circuit Tele Vision
et
IIM -
aadd
Indian Institute of Management
PP P Padd
a
USA - United States of America
MRI -
ww..
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
w
w .. RSC - Referee Stopped Contest
wwww wwww
ECG - Electro-Cardio Gram NEET - National Eligibility cum Entrance Test
.N
Q. No.: 9 COMPOUND WORDS (P. No. 6)
ai
Questions Answers Questions Answers Questions Answers
Mantel
eet t - Piece Grand
eet t - Mother Desk - Top
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Eye
Water
-
-
Lashes
Proofal l
Half
a i
a
Home
l .iN
.N -
-
Hour
Coming
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Mother
Hip
-
-
Board
Hop
assaa s aa s aa
Bee - Hive Over - Straining Dust - Bin
a a s a a s
as
Toll
Door
-
-
Gate
Knob
P Paadd Court
Gentle
-
-
P
Yard
Paa
Folkdd Half
Criss
-
-
Way
Cross
Spinning -
w
w ..
Wheel Turning -
ww..Point Jet - Lag
Spot
wwww
- Less Sing
wwww
- Song
ad
t t
.P
ee t
Blended Words Words
ee t Words Blended Words
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Newscast News + broadcast
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
Camera + recorder
.N Camcorder
assaa aa aa
Docudrama Documentary + drama Motor + bike Mobike
w
Telecast
a s
a s
Television + broadcast
dd a s
a s
Hand + video camera
dd Handycam
Edutainment
P Paa
Education + entertainment
.. P
.. Paa
Teleprinter + exchange Telex
w
Interpol
w
w International + police
ww Information + technology Infotech
Heliport
wwww Helicopter + airport
wwww High + technology Hi tech
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Skylap
la i
a
Sky + Laboratory
l .iN
.N l
Smoke + fog
a
l i
a .iN
.N Smog
assaa Workaholic
Emotion
a dd s
a aa
s
Work + Alcoholic
a
Emote + Icon
a addaassaa
Medical + Care
Wireless + Fidelity
a
Medicare
Wifi
Spork
ww P
..P
Spoon + Fork
ww P
.. P
Volcanic + Ash Vash
Workfare
Laundromat wwww Work + Welfare
Laundry + Automat wwww Transfer + Resistor
Motor + Pedal cycle
Transistor
Moped
339
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aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Paratroops
Mediclaim
Parachute + Troops
l
Medical + Claima
l i
a .iN
.N l
Binary + Digit a
l a .iN
.N
Lecture + Demonstration
i Lecdem
Bit
assaa Fantabulous
Informercial
a s
a aa
s
Fantastic + Fabulous
aadd
Information + Commercial
a s
a aa
s
Electro + Execute
aadd Electrocute
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
wwww wwww
Q. No.: 11 FOREIGN WORDS AND PHRASES (P. No. 172)
Words - Meanings
1. Viva voce - A spoken examination 18. In cognito - in disguise
2. Sine die - Without a date being fixed, 19. Déjà vu - a feeling of having already
et
e t indefinitely
eet t experienced the present
lalai.iN
.N
3. Resume
4. Rapport
- A brief summary
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
- Close relationship with good
l a
l
20. A-la-cartai
a .iN
.N situation
- practice of ordering separate
assaa saa
s
understanding
aa as
asaa dishes from a menu
et
5. Bonafide
PPa
- Genuine
add P Padd
21. Via media
a - middle course
6. Bon Voyage
ww..
- Saying good bye
w
w ..
22. Per capita - used to refer the amount for
wwww wwww
.N
7. In toto - totally each person
8. Liaison - coordination of activities 23. Tete-te - an intimate private conversation
9. Ex gratia - given as a favour though there between two
ai
is no legal obligation / out in 24. Carte blanche - complete freedom to act as one
goodwill wishes or thinks best
eet t
10. En masse - as a group
eet t 25. Bons mots - witty remarks
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
11. En route al a i .iN
.N
- on the way / during a journey
l l a 26. En famille
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
- as a family
assaa s aa s aa
12. Ad hoc - for a particular purpose 27. Veranda - roofed platform outside a house
a a s a a s
as
13. Faux pas
P Pa
blunderadd
- improper act or remark / 28.
P
29.
Paadd
Bungalow
Chutney
- house in the Bengal side
- a ground or mashed relish
w
w ..
14. Par excellence - better or more than all others of
ww..
30. Chettah - Uniquely marked
ee t ee
done by a writer or artist
t 35. Guru - Master
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Q. No.: 12
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
DEFINITION OF TERMS (P. No. 72, 73, 74, 101)
assaa aa aa
w
Words a
dd s
a s
Meaning a
dd s
a s
Herpetologist Studies reptiles and amphibians
Psychologist
P
.. Paa
Studies human mind and behaviour
P
.. Paa
Meteorologist Studies atmosphere, weather and
w
Pathologist w
w
Studies diseases ww climate
Ornithologist
wwww
Studies birds
wwww Bibliophile Great lover of books
w
eet t
Sociologist eet
Studies functioning of human t languages
l a
l i
a .iN
.N society
lal i
a.iN
.N Ambidextrous
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
One who is able to use both
ww
structure
ww disorders of the nervous system
Seismologist
wwww
Studies earthquakes
wwww Teetotaller One who always refuses alcohol
340
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Sadist
l
suffering of others a
l i
a .iN
One who gets pleasure from
.N Globetrotter
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Travels all over the world
assaa aa aa
Ichthyology Study of fish
Gynecologist
a s
a s
One who treats diseases specific
dd a
dd s
a s
Misanthrope Keeps aloof and avoids all social
to women
P
.. Paa P
..Paa activities
Cardiologist
ww
One who treats heart problem
ww Egocentrism Concern for your own interests
Neonatologist
wwww
One who specializes in critical
infants wwww Feminism
and welfare
Equal rights for women
Pulmonologist One who specializes in lung
Heroism Exceptional courage when facing
problems
danger
et
e t
Dermatologist
e
One who specializes in skin
et t
lalai.iN
.N problems
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Idealism
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Belief that the best possible
concept should be persued
assaa aa aa
Ophthalmologist One who treats vision problems
aass as
as
Nationalism Doctrine that your country’s
et
Amateurism
PP add
Participating in sports as a hobby
a P Padd
a interests are superior
Absenteeism
ww..
Habitual failure at work
w
w .. Patriotism Love for country
wwww wwww
.N
Barbarism A brutal, savage act Nonagenarian People in their nineties
Criticism A serious examination and Oology Study of birds eggs
judgement
Optimist Person who is hopeful and looks
ai
Cynology Study of dog training at the bright side of future
eet
Dentist
t Treats dental problems
eet t Otalaryngologist Treats the problems of ear, nose
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Ecology
al
Study of organisms in
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
and tongue
assaa aa aa
environment Philanthrologist Person who seeks welfare of
a s
a s
Gastroenterologist Treat stomach disorder
a s
a s
as
mankind by donating money
P Paadd P Paadd
Q. No.: 13
w
w .. ww..
PHRASAL VERBS (P. No. 112, 113)
Phrasal verbs
wwww
Meaning
wwww Phrasal verbs Meaning
ad
t t
.P
Stand by
ee t - Ready to do / help / support
ee t Run into - Reach / meet accidently
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Look into
Look at
- Examine / investigate
- See / view
l a
l i
a.iN
.N Put on
Put up
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
- Wear / to apply
- Start / to tolerate
assaa aa aa
w
Look through
a s
a s
- Glance, skim / scan
dd a s
a
Put off
dd s - Postpone
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Peace
Arrange
- peaceful
- Arrangement
lal i
a.iN
.N honest
content
l a
l i
a .iN
.N- dishonest
- discontent
assaa Collect
a s
a aa
s
- Collector / Collection
aadd add
a aassaa
advantage - disadvantage
Approve
Narrate
ww P
- Approval
..P
- Narration
ww P
.. P agree
manage
- disagree
- mismanage
Class
wwww
- Classic
wwww appropriate - misappropriate
341
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Fortunate
Respect
-
-
unfortunate
irrespect
l a
l i
a .iN
.N happy
clear
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
-
-
unhappy
unclear
assaa Legitimate
Beatable
-
-
aa a
dd
Unbeatable
s
a
illegitimate aa
s a s
a aa
s
comfortable
aadd
aware
-
-
uncomfortable
unaware
Agree -
ww P
.. P
Disagree
ww P
..Pconstant - constantly
Active
Finite wwww
-
-
Inactive
Infinite wwww different
option
-
-
differently
optional
Obedient - Disobedient honest - honesty
Necessary - Unnecessary agree - agreement
et
e t
audible - inaudible
eet t hope - hopeful
lalai.iN
.N
different - indifferent
l a
l i
a .iN
.N conclude
l a
l i
a .iN
.N - conclusion
assaa aa aa
consistent - inconsistent
aass as
as
et
Q. No.: 15
PPaadd add
a
BRITISH ENGLISH AND AMERICAN ENGLISH
P P
American English
ww.. British English
w
w ..British English American English
wwww wwww
.N
Cookie - Biscuit Advertisement - Notice
Apartment - Flat Anticlockwise - Counter clockwise
Score - Mark Blind - Window shade
ai
Math - Maths Boot - Trunk
eet
Mailbox t - Postbox eet t Chips - French fries
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Grade - al
Rank
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Cot
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
- Crib
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
Store - Shop Cupboard - Closet
a a a a
as
Sales clerk -
P Paadd
Shop assistant
P Paadd
Cutting - Clipping
One way
w
w
-
.. Single
ww..
Dustbin - Garbage can/trash can
wwww wwww
Barn - Stable Fellow - Guy
ad
t t
.P
elevator
ee t - lift
ee t lorry - truck
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
diaper
rest room
-
-
nappy
loo
l a
l i
a.iN
.N tap
pull over
l a
l i
a.iN
.N -
-
faucet
sweater
assaa aa aa
w
candies -
a
sweets
dd s
a s a s
waist coat
dd a s - vest
can -
P
.. Paa
tin
P
.. Pa
Taxi
a - cab
w
eet
druggist
t - chemist
eet t holiday - vacation
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Q. No.: 16
lal i
a.iN
.N l a i .iN
.N
FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE PREPOSITIONS
l a
assaa a s aa
s a ssaa
1. In case of Difficulty, you should refer to a dictionary and then respond to the question.
aadd a add
a a
2. The clothes that he has put on are very impressive. He is going to his hometown to pay homage to the village
head.
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
3. The nearest hospital to this place is at a distance of twenty kilometers. You can reach it either by Car or by a
bicycle.
342
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences, using prepositions if necessary.
.N .N
a. The new machines are quite different from the old ones. They are able to work with a much faster pace, a
assaa dd s
a aa
s
substantially reduced to the environment.
a a
dd s
a aa
s
b. The students discussed the problem among themselves. However, they did not arrive into any conclusion.
aa aa
P
.. P
They went for it and they were happy.
ww ww P
..P
Q. No.: 17
wwww
A question tag is a short question added at the
wwww
QUESTION TAG (P. No. 120, 121)
2. They experiment with various ways to improve air
end of a statement. It is generally used when asking for quality. Don’t they?
agreement or confirmation. 3. The aim should be to reduce congestion. Shouldn’t
et
e t eet t
The tag is formed with the auxiliary verb in the it?
lalai.iN
.N l l i
a .iN
.N
statement and the subject. A positive statement takes
a
a negative tag, while a negative statement takes a
l a i .iN
.N
4. There is an urgent need to provide clean, reliable
l a
assaa saa
s ssaa
and affordable energy to their growing populations.
a
positive tag. If the sentence contains a main verb, then
a aa
et
PPaadd
the question tag uses an appropriate from of `do’ verb.
P Padd
aIsn’t it?
ww..
An appropriate pronoun of the subject is added to the
w
w ..5. Automation and shared mobility will play a key role
in this transformation. Won’t they?
wwww wwww
verb to form the tag. The sentence ends with a comma,
.N
followed by a tag which ends with a question mark. 6. It changes the way people commute in cities.
Look at the following sentences. Doesn’t it?
You are a student, aren’t you?
ai
7. Before long, a fleet of electric autonomous vehicles
Aji is not a lawyer, is she? (Avs) could drive people to their destinations.
eet t eet
Lawrence saw the snake sliding into the hole, didn’tt Couldn’t they?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
he? al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i .iN
.N
8. These shared Avs will run at higher utilization rates.
l a
assaa aa aa
Jordi attends the class regularly, doesn’t he?
a s
a s a s
Won’t they?
a s
as
A.
a dd
Add appropriate question tags to the
P P a P Paadd
9. They can substantially reduce the cost of mobility
w
w ..
following sentences.
ww.. and congestion. Can’t they?
10. These should not be thought of as luxury but as
wwww wwww
1. Cities are increasingly becoming urbanised.
ad
I.
ee t
Indefinite - a,an
ee t articles ‘a’ ,`an’ ,`the’
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
II. Definite - the
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
It is said that (1) ____ computer is (2) ____ electronic
assaa aa aa
extension of the human brain. Therefore, in the principle
w
dd s
a s
The choice of using (a,an) is determined by the
a
sound. Before a word beginning with vowel sound `an’ a s
a s
(3) ____ computer can do all those activities which (4)
dd
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
____ human brain can do. Today computers are found to
w
is used. For example: an ass, an enemy, an hour, an heir. be (5) ____ most useful devices as knowledge providers.
w
w ww
wwww wwww
Before a word beginning with a consonant sound Another important field of application of computers is (6)
`a’ is used. For example a boy, a woman, a horse, a hole, ____ development of robots. (7) ____ internet has brought
w
a yard. `The’ is used ,when we talk about a particular (8) ____ drastic change in communication systems.
person or thing, or one already referred to. Answers: (1) the (2) an (3) the/a (4) the/a
(5) the (6) the (7) The (8) a
eet t
Q. No.: 19
eet t CLIPPED WORDS (P. No. 72)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Unclipped
lal i
a.iN
.N
Clipped
l a
l i
a
Unclipped.iN
.N Clipped
assaa 1. Chimpanzee
aa a
dd s
a-aa
s Chimp
aassaa
13. Fanatic
add
a
- Fan
2.
3.
Photo graph
Micro phone ww P
..P -
-
Photo
Mike ww P
.. P
14. Demonstration
15. Perambulator
-
-
Demo
Pram
4. Cafeteria wwww - Cafe wwww 16. Refrigerator - Fridge
343
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
5.
.N Gasoline - Gas
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 17. Aeroplane
l a
l i
a .iN
.N - Plane
assaa aa aa
6. Helicopter - Copter 18. Examination - Exam
7. Telephone
a
dd
- s
a sPhone
a
dd s
a s
19. Demarcate - Mark
8. University
P
.. Paa - Varsity
P
..Paa
20. Omnibus - Bus
ww ww
wwww wwww
9. Memorandum - Memo 21. Introduction - Intro
10. Influenza - Flu 22. Fountain pen - Pen
11. Hippopotamus - Hippo 23. Pantaloons - Pants
12. Bridegroom - Groom 24. Zoological garden - Zoo
et
e t
Q. No.: 20 eet tIDIOMS (P. No. 111, 112, 173)
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
1. Throw in the To give up 12. Hit the road To leave; to depart; to begin
towel
aass as
as one’s journey, especially on a
et
2. In our corner
aadd
On your side in an argument or
PP P Padd
a road trip / to drive
ww..
dispute
w
w .. 13. Take (one) for To trick, cheat, or lie to
wwww wwww
.N
a ride someone / deceive
3. On the ropes State of near collapse or defeat
14. In panic mode Fear after a night out /
4. Below the belt Unfair or unsporting behaviour
frustration
5. Square off Prepare for a conflict
ai
15. Hangout dry Abandoning one who is in
6. Tight corners In a difficult situation difficulty
7.
eet t
Shot his bolt To exhaust one’s effort
eet t 16. By the skin of Narrow escape
l a
l i
a .iN
8..N al l a i .iN
.N
In a nice pickle In a troublesome or difficult
l a one’s teeth
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa s aa
situation 17. Alarm bells Sign of something going wrong
a a s a a s
as
9. Have cold feet
P P add
Feel nervousness and anxiety
a P Paadd
ringing
18. Back to the In serious difficulty
10. Right up ones
alley w ..
To be the type of thing that
w
you are interested in or that ww.. wall
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a.iN
.N
SECTION - II
i l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
Q. No.: 21-26
aas
ddteeth,s a
dd s
POETRY APPRECIATION QUESTIONS
a s
P P
‘But now they only laugh.with
. a a
1. ONCE UPON A TIME - by Gabriel Okara
P
.. Paa
b) Whom does the poet want to relearn from?
w
l a
l i
a .iN
2.
.N Most of all, I want to relearn
lal i
a.iN
.N
how to laugh, for my laugh in the mirror
l a i .iN
.N
Shaking hands as a fake gesture.
l a
assaa s aa
s ssaa
b)
Explain – Left hands search my empty
shows only my teeth like a snake’s bare fangs!
aa a
dd a
a) Why does the poet want to relearn how to
add
a aa
pockets
laugh?
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
It explains the dual nature of people. They are
wwww wwww
The poet is aware that he too has become not true to relationships
deceitful like others
344
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.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t e e t t
lalai .iN
.N
4. I have learned to wear many faces
Like faces – home face”
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Players
l a
l i
a .iN
b) Who take the field in gaudy pomp?
.N
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
a) What has the poet learned? c) Explain maim each other as they romp
aa a
dd a
To show Fake expressions to others dd a a
It means injured each other
a a
P
.. P I am
b) Mention the figure of speech in these lines
ww glad that when
5. my
w P P
. . wins
struggle
w begins
Simile
wwww ‘Twixt
E.R.C Clue Words: Once upon time , laugh with
prudence
wwww
and ego, prudence
a) What is struggle?
their teeth, ice block—cold eyes, cock tail face , laugh Struggle is between ego and prudence to face
with their hearts, doors shut on me , good- riddance, the challenge in life
et
e t eet t
snake’s fare fangs, portrait smile, unlearn, relearn. b) Who does win in the battle?
lalai.iN
.NPoem Once Upon A Time
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The voice of wisdom
assaa saa s aa
Poet Gabriel Okara
aa s aas
E.R.C Clue Words: Jockey, Prize ring, tackle, gaudy,
et
Poem Paragraph:
PPaadd P Padd
prudence, ego, stadium, pomp, maim, limp and
a
bashful, heroic deeds, athletes, romp, basketball,
w..
A father laments to his son about the negative
w w
w .. hockey, zealous, gambol
wwww wwww
.N
changes of attitude and behaviour of humans. The poet
says that when he was a child, there was warm, sincere Poem Confessions of a Born Spectator
and genuine feelings in the world. But now a days, the Poet Ogden Nash
adult society has become alarmingly negative. As the
ai
people show their fake expression, the poet feels very Poem Paragraph:
eet t
sad and he has also changed with others. Now he wants
eet t
Trace the confessions of a born spectator as listed
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
to become a child again to relearn the good qualities.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Lastly, he asks his son to help him to laugh like a child.
out by Ogden Nash?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The poem tells about a spectator. He wants to
assaa a
2. CONFESSIONS OF A BORN SPECTATOR - by s
a aa
s a ssaa
enjoy the game. The players play a rough game and
a
as
Ogden Nash
P P a ad d P Paadd
so he does not like to participate. He likes drinking, or
1.
w . .or hire
With all my heart I do admire
w ww..
buying food for them. He admires spirit and strength of
the players. But he is not ready to exchange places with
wwww
Athletes who sweat for fun them
wwww
ad
e t
The athletes sweat for money or for pleasure
e ee tIf such be Nature’s holy plan,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
2. Well, ego it might be pleased enough
But zealous athletes play so rough l a
l i
a.iN
.N a) What does ‘heaven’ refer to?
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
God
w
eet t
a) Why are doctors called from stands by the
e et t Heavenly music of nature plays in the poet’s
l a
l i
a .iN
.N sponsors?
lal i
a.iN
.N
Whenever athletes are injured, doctor is sent by
mind
b) Where was the poet sitting?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa Who take the field in gaudy pomp, ssaa s aa
s
the officials
4.
a dd
a aa In a grove
a ad
through primrose tufts, in that green
3. da a
bower,
w w P
. P
And maim each other as.they romp
w P
.. P
The periwinkle trailed its wreaths
w
wwww
a) What do you mean by gaudy pomp?
It means showy dress wwww
a) What is a primrose?
It is a wild plant with yellow flowers
345
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aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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N ee t t
b) What is meant by ‘periwinkle’?
N NAnde
N e t
theyt say that all the Cats whose Wicked
3.
N N
lalai .
i .
A trailing plant with blue flowers
l a
l i
a .
i .(Ideeds are widely known,
l a
l i
a .
i .
s
a a
sa 4. ssaa
In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts
bring sad thought to the mind d a a aas saa
might mention mungojerrie, I might mention
PP aa d griddle bone)
P P aa dd
w w ..
a) Why is the poet in a sweet mood ?
w w ..
a) What is an allusion here?
The allusion is from T.S Eliot’s ‘Old Possom’s
wwww wwww
Everything is perfect and beautiful around him
Book of practical Cats’
b) How can pleasant thoughts bring sad
Mungojerrie and Gridddlebone are fictional
thoughts?
characters
The misery of humanity makes him worry
b) Mention few wicked deeds of cats?
t t
E.R.C Clue Words: Lament, Nature , holy plan,
ee e et t Drinking the milk secretly. Stealing from the
lalai.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.HeNsways his head from side to side, with lalai.iN
heaven, budding twigs, periwinkle, primrose, bower,
i
human soul, fair works, grove, thousand blended notes
jewel case
.N
assaa aa movement like a snake: aa
4.
Poem
aass
Lines written In early Spring
a as s
et
Poet aadd
William Wordsworth
PP
And when you think he’s half
P a a
sleep,
P dd
he’s always
ww.. wide
Explanation: The speaker says that he is full of
awake.
w w ..
wwww wwww
.N
a) Explain the comparison made here
pleasant and sad thoughts. Again, he becomes sad
on thinking about the destruction created by men. He Macavity moves his head like a snake
wants men to change his ways and link with divinity b) What does he pretend to do?
ai
of nature He pretends to be half sleep when he is awake
c) Who is he?
eet t
Poetic devices:
e e t t Macavity
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
To her fair works did Nature Link
al l a i
a .iN
.N
The human soul that through me ran ------metaphor
l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
d) Mention the figure of speech used here.
assaa aa aa
Simile
And ‘tis my faith that every flower
a s
a s aass
as
P aadd
Enjoy the air it breaths -----hyperbole
What man has made of man? ------Interrogation
P P P a dd
5. EVEREST IS NOT THE ONLY PEAK - by
a
Poem Paragraph:
w
w .. w w . . we try
Our nature it is that whatever
1.
Kulothungan
wwww
Wordsworth goes for a walk. He enjoys the nature
wwww
We do with devotion deep and true
ad
ee t
When he links with nature, his life too would be happy.
e e t We should do with deep and true devotion
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
4. MACAVITY - THE MYSTERY CAT - by T. S Eliot
l a
l i
a.iN Narehumble
.We proud of the position, we
2.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa For aaof aa
Hold as we are
w
1.
depravity. dd as s
he’s a fiend in feline shape, a monster
a a)
dd aa s s
What is the speaker proud of?
..P Pa a
P
Their position
.. P a a
w
wwww ww
Macavity is an evil monster of all devil qualities.
b) How is the cat described in this line?
w w proud – position, hold – humble
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Scotland Yard’s
lal i
a.iN
.N b) What is the figure of speech?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa Honour is the property , common to allaassaa
Metaphor
a
dd s
a s
a) What do you mean by “Scotland Yard?”
Scotland Yard is the headquarters of London 4.
dd
PPaa
Metropolitan police service.
.. In dignity and pride, no need to a
P
.. P bea
poor
ww
b) Whose footprints are not found in any file
w w
a) Who are considered rich?
of Scotland?
Macavity wwww wwww Those who have honour; dignity and pride are
considered rich
346
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
Never bow and praise them for money
l a
l i
a .iN
b) Explain the line “To seek a gain we adore none “
.N .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa c) What is their asset?
Honour
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Figure of speech:
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
wwww
He , who does not stoop , is a king we adore
Honor is a property common to all wwww - metaphor
- metaphor
we bow before competence and merit - personification
Alliteration:
et
e t
We are proud of the position we hold
eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
A life that knows no kneeling and bending
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a saa
s assaa
E.R.C Clue Words: Everest, position, proud, virtues, devotion, repel, cringing, adored, mission, nourish, humble,
a a
et
Paadd P Padd
a
pride, dignity, honour, peak, summit, stoop, competence, merit, ladder, property.
P
Poem
ww..
Everest is not the only peak
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
Poet Kulothungan
Explanation: The poet talks about effort , sincerity , honour and dignity in life. In order to succeed in life, we
ai
must work hard with deep devotion.
eet t
Do as directed: eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Q. No.: 27-30 al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
REPORTED SPEECH (P. No. 149)
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
Tense
wwww wwww
Present continuous Jayashree said, “I am working in a school.” Jayashree said that she was working in a school.
ad
Past simple Mani said, “I bought a car.” Mani said that he had bought a car.
Past continuous Madhu said, “I was walking along the street.” Madhu said that she had been walking along the
street.
t t
.P
ee t
Present perfect ee t
Sekar said, “I haven’t seen her.” Sekar said that he hadn’t seen her.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Past perfect
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Vijay said, “I had taken swimming lessons Vijay said that he had taken swimming lessons long
assaa aa aa
w
long ago.”
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
before.
a s
Future simple
P
.. Paa
Sundar said to me, “I’ll see you later.”
P
.. Paa Sundar told me that he would see me later.
w
w
w ww
wwww
Direct question
wwww Reported question
w
Shankar said to me, “Do you know me?” Shankar asked me if I knew him.
Zuber said to Saira, “Are you living here?” Zuber asked Saira if she was living there.
eet
Senthil said, “where is the post office?”
t eet t Senthil enquired where the post office was.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal a.iN
.N
Shanthi said to Basker, “what are you doing now?”
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Shanthi asked Basker what he was doing then.
assaa aa a
dd s
Direct request
a aa
s
The old woman said to the boy, “please help me.” add
a aassaa Reported request
The old woman requested the boy to help her.
ww P
..P
The librarian said to the students, “speak softly.” ww P
.. P The librarian instructed the students to speak softly.
wwww wwww
Raj said to Sukumar, “please drop me at the station tonight.” Raj requested Sukumar to drop him at the station that night.
347
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
4. Passivisation (P. No. 78)
.N l a i
a .iN
B. Change the voice of the following sentences.
l .N l
won’t/verb
a
l i
a .iN
First Conditional Present simple + will/
.N
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
1. Mohammed follows the rules. Uses: A possible situation in the future predicting a
a
dd
2. Mohan has completed the course.
aa a a a
dd a
likely result in the future (if the condition happens)
a
P
.. P
3. Magdalene is singing the prayer.
ww
4. Who wrote this complaint?
ww P
..P If I won the lottery, I would travel a lot.
If they sold their houses, they would be rich.
wwww
5. May God bless you with happiness!
6. A house is being constructed by them. wwww Second Conditional Past simple + would +
verb
7. Let the door not be slammed. Uses: Hypothetical or unlikely situations unreal or
8. The team was trained by the coach. improbable situation now or in the future
ANS:
et
e t eet t If you had studied, you would have passed the
lalai.iN
.N
1. The rules are followed by Mohammed.
l a
l i
a .iN
2. The course has been completed by Mohan. .N exam.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
If I hadn’t been sick, I would have gone to your
aass
3. The prayer is being sung by Magdalene.
as
as
party.
et
PPaadd
4. By whom was this complaint written?
P Padd
a
Third Conditional Past perfect + would have
w..
5. May you be blessed with happiness by God.
w
6. They are constructing a house.
w
w ..+ past participle
wwww wwww
.N
7. Do not slam the door. Uses: The person imagining a different past,
8. The coach trained the team. imaginary situation that did not happen
1) If you should arrive at the airport before noon,
C. Make sentences using the passive form of the
ai
give me a call
verbs. Ans: Should you arrive at the airport before
e t t
1. Tagore / award / Nobel prize
e eet t noon, give me a call.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
3. Chattisgarh / from / 2000 al
2. IIM Ahmadabad / establish / 1961
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
2) If I had the money, I would buy you what you
assaa aa aa
want
a s
a s
4. First passenger train / inaugurated / India / 1853
a s
a s
Ans: Had I have the money, I would buy you
as
ANS:
P Paadd
5. Indian airlines / set up / 1953
P Paadd
what you want.
w
w ..
1. Tagore was awarded the Nobel prize.
ww..
3) If he had not helped me I would have been in
wwww
2. IIM Ahemadabad was established in 1961.
wwww big trouble
ad
3. Chattisgarh was formed in 2000. Ans: Had he not helped me I would have been
4. The first passenger train was inaugurated in India in in big trouble.
1853.
I.
Complete the following with appropriate
t t
.P
e t
5. The Indian airlines was set up in 1953.
e ee t conditional clauses.
l a
l i
a .iN
5.
.N Conditional Clause:
l a
l i
a.iN
If you stand in the rain, you get wet. .N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
a) We will miss our train if we go to the station by
assaa aa aa
walk
w
If it rains, we will cancel the trip. g) Vijayshree will be busy if her relatives come
If you study, you will pass the exam. h) Adhvika will not go to play if she is sick
eet t eet t
SECTION - III
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Q. No.: 34-36
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a
PROSE QUESTIONS & ANSWER .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s Lesson - 1
add
a aassaa
P
..P
1. Describe the grandfather as seen in the portrait.
ww ww P
.. P
The grandfather wore a big turban and loose fitting clothes. He had a long white beard. He looked very old.
wwww wwww
He looked as if he only could have a lot of grandchildren.
348
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
2.
.Nin the village?
l a
l i
a .iN
Why was the author left with his grandfather
.N a i
a .iN
12. How did the grandmother spend the last few
.N
hours of her life?
l l
assaa s aa s aa
The author was left with his grandfather as his The grandmother stopped praying. She said that
a
dd a s
parents moved to the city for better living conditions.
a
dd a s
her end was near. She lay peacefully in bed telling
P Paa
3. Where did the author study in his childhood?
.. P
..Paa her beads.
ww
The author studied in the village school in his
ww
wwww wwww
childhood. Lesson - 2
4. Why did the grandmother accompany the 1.How did Mary Kom manage to get financial
author to school? support for her trip to the USA?
The grandmother accompanied the author to school One of her friends named Onler helped her in raising
funds. He along with few students met two MPs.
et
e
She used to read scriptures over there. eet
because the school was attached to the temple.
t t They donated Rs.5000 and Rs.3000 for her trip.
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
5. What made the dogs, follow the grandmother 2.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Why did Mary Kom think that she should not
assaa aa aa
return empty handed?
after school hours?
aass as
as
Mary Kom’s friends and well-wishers raised funds
et
follow the grandmother.
PPaadd
The thrown out stale chapattis made the dogs
P Padd
a for her trip. So she thought that she should not
ww..
6. Why didn’t the grandmother feel sentimental
w
w .. return empty handed.
wwww wwww
.N
when the author went abroad for higher 3. What was her first impression of America?
education? When Mary Kom reached America, it was snowing.
She knew, nothing would happen to her till he Pennsylvania was cold and beautiful. She felt that
ai
returns home. Moreover, his future was more the people were enormously nice too.
important to her than anything. 4. Why did she call herself lucky?
eet t
7. What was the happiest time of day for eet t Mary Kom was tired and suffered from jet lag. She
l a
l i
a .iN
.Ngrandmother? al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
did not have any match on that day. So, she called
assaa aa aa
During afternoon grandmother used to feed the herself lucky.
a s
a s
sparrows with crumbs of bread. This was the
a s
a s
as
aadd
happiest time of the day for her.
P P P
5.
w ..
8. Describe the author’s grandmother?
w ww.. Loss of appetite was the reason for her losing in the
wwww
The grandmother was a short and fat lady. She was
wwww finals.
ad
slightly bent and had a wrinkled face. She wore 6.What made her feel confident about the
spotless white dress. She prayed often with her rosary. competitive players? Explain.
9. What was the daily routine ofthe grandmother Mary Kom was the only person to get a medal
at home? in the world women’s. Boxing championship in
t t
.P
ee t ee t
She woke up and got her grandson ready for school. Pennsylvania, USA. This made her feel confident
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
She always went along with him to school. She read
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
about the competitive players.
assaa aa aa
the scriptures in the temple.
w
P
.. Paa
different from that in the city?
P
.. Paa Mary Kom found it difficult to use the chopsticks.
w
wwww wwww
to spiritual things. But in the city, it focuses on the India?
subject. There was no teaching about God and the
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N accepted her isolation.
lal i
a.iN
.N
2. At the time of leaving at the railway station, she
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
traditional Shawl.
assaa aa aa
9.
What did she consider her greatest
dd s
did not show any emotion.
a a s
3. On his return, she celebrated by singing about aass
achievement? why?
dd
P
..Paa
home coming warriors.
P
.. Paa
Mary Kom retained her world title in 2006 at the
4.
ww
During her last moments in bed, she lay
ww fourth world championship in New Delhi by defeating
wwww wwww
peacefully praying and telling her beads. These
show that she was strong minded.
Steluta Duta of Romania. This was her greatest
achievement as she was able to win at home.
349
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N Lesson - 3
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
11. The list of article lost in trains suggest that
.N
sportsmen have worse memories than their
assaa aa aa
1. What does Lynd actually wonder at ?
a s
a s
Lynd actually wonders at the efficiency of human
dd a
dd s
a
ordinary serious-minded fellows. Why does
s
Lynd say this?
memory.
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
The sportsmen returning from the games, have
2.
ww
Name a few things that a person remembers
ww their minds still filled with memories of the playing
easily?
wwww
Telephone numbers, Friends addresses, good
vintages, actors and actresses, cricketers and
wwww field. So they forget trivial things like batand ball
and leave them in trains.
12. What kind of absent - mindedness is regarded
footballers. as a virtue by Lynd?
t t t
3. How do psychologists interpret forgetfulness?
ee ee t The absent - mindedness of anglers and the poets
lalai.iN
.N
l a
l a .iN
.N
According to psychologists, we forget things
i
because we wish to forget them. We forget pills
l a a .iN
.N
are regarded as a virtue by Lynd. Their minds are
i
filled with more glorious matter.
l
assaa saa
s
and potions only because we have a strong dislike
aa as
asaa
13. Narrate the plight of the baby on its day out.
et
for them.
PPaadd P Padd
a 1. A father took the baby out in a perambulator
4.
ww..
What is the commonest type of forgetfulness
w
w .. 2. He slipped into a public-house as he was
tempted to a glass of beer.
wwww wwww
.N
according to lynd?
3. He left the baby outside and forgot completely.
It occurs in the matter of posting letters.
4. Finally, it was rescued by his wife who happened
5. What are the articles the writers forgets most to pass the public house.
ai
often? 5. The father returned home not even remembering
eet ee
the articles the writer forgets most often.t
Books, walking sticks, umbrellas and medicines are
t t that he had taken the baby out.
l a
l i
a .iN
6..N al l a
l i
a .iN
Who are the citizens of dreamland why? .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N Lesson - 4
assaa aa aa
1. What is a tight corner? What happens when
s s
The boys returning from games are citizens of
a a a s
a s
as
one finds oneself in a tight corner?
dreamland.
P Paadd P PaaddA tight corner means a difficult situation. One gets
w ..
7. What are our memories filled with?
w ww.. frustrated when one finds oneself in a tight corner.
wwww wwww
Our memories are mostly filled with the telephone
2. What is the difference between a physical
ad
ee t
than its usual capacity?
ee t ii) A mental tight corner is one where one
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Human memory works with less than its usual
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
undergoes a mental conflict such as difficult
w
w
medicines be one of the easiest actions to
ww asked him to look in at the sale room.
remember?
wwww wwww 4. The narrator heard his own voice saying ‘and
w
i) Medicines are supposed to be taken before, fifty’ what does this suggest?
during or after meals. This suggests that the author made the bid on a
sudden impulse.
ii) Meals should themselves be the reminder of
eet tthem.
eet t 5. What was the narrators financial condition?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N to remember.
lal a.iN
.N
iii) So, taking medicines is one of the easiest actions
i l a i .iN
The narrator had only sixty-three pounds in the
.N
bank. He did not have enough securities to borrow
l a
assaa aa aa
money.
a s s
10. How do the chemists make fortunes out of
dd a dd
6.aass
The narrator could not pretend to have made
P
..Pa
the medicines people forget to take?
a
Generally human beings hate medicines and forget
P
.. Paa a mistake in bidding why?
ww
to take. Their sickness is not cured. Hence people ww The narrator had made may bids before he entered
wwww
pay more money to buy more medicines. Thus the
chemists make fortunes out of it. wwww into trouble. So he could not pretend to have made
a mistake in bidding.
350
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
7.
What could have been the best way for the
.N l a
l i
a .iN
narrator, to get him out of the tight corner?.N 8.
l a a .iN
‘Wisdom was meant for the mansion, not for
i .N
the market place what does this statement
l
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
The narrator could have confessed his poverty to one signify?
a
dd a
of christies staff and made the picture put up again for
aa a
a a
dd a
During middle ages, universities had to train
auction.
8.
ww P
.. P
Why did the narrator feel he could have
ww P
..P scholars and poets to decorate the chambers of
kings. Their wisdom was only meant for the royal
wwww
welcomed a firing party?
wwww
The situation was so critical and so he felt that he
family but not for the common man.
9.According to the speaker, how should
could have welcomed a firing party. universities mould the students of the
9. What was the bidder’s offer to the narrator? present day?
et
e t eet t
Fifty guineas was the bidders offer to the narrator. The universities should help students realize the
lalai.iN
.N situation?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
10. How did the narrator take advantage of the
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
challenges and opportunities of the present day
assaa aa aa
situations. They should equip the students with the
aass
The bidder was ready to ofter fifty guineas to the
as
as
spirit to win.
et
aadd
narrator for the picture. But the narrator demanded
PP P Padd
a10. How does Arignar Anna highlight the duties
w..
hundred guineas and got it.
w w
w .. and responsibilities of graduates to the
wwww wwww
.N
Lesson - 5 society?
Arignar Anna points out that the government and
1. Who does the speaker claim to represent?
society pay for the education of the youngsters. So,
The speaker claims to represent the common man.
ai
graduates must give back to society what they have
2. Why are universities necessary for a society?
eet t eet t
Universities are necessary for a society to train and
received. Graduates must try to serve society in all
possible ways to remove ignorance and bring light
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
guide the common man to become a good citizen of
l a
and hope.
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
democracy.
a s
a s 11. S
a s s
tudents are instilled with some of the essential
a
as
3. What was the role of scholars and poets in
olden days?
P Paadd P Paaddvalues and skills by the universities. Enumerate
w
w ..
The role of scholars and poets in olden days was to
ww..
them.
Universities equip the students with knowledge.
wwww
decorate the chambers of kings.
wwww
ad
ee t ee t
its technological expertise and scientific applications. Normal ethical values are not witnessed in the
l a
l i
a .iN
5.
.N
Universities develop broad - mindedness.
l a
l i
a
How does Dr.Radhakrishnan drive home this
.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
society. Selfish people are enthroned and the
assaa aa aa
patient workers are condoned. Tyranny of all kinds
w
idea.
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
will also discourage the graduate.
.. Paa
Dr. Radhakrishnan says that it is in the universities,
P P
.. Paa Lesson - 6
w
6.What should the youngsters aim in life after a. He often forgets the way to lavatory and ends
their graduation? up standing on the wrong side of a self locking
door in a theatre.
eet
The youngsters should aim something higher and
t ee
nobler things. They should not be content witht t b. He often forgets his hotel room number.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
their mere material advancements.
lal i
a.iN
.N 2.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
What were the contents of Bryson’s bag?
assaa aa aa
Newspaper cuttings, a 14 ounce tin of pipe tobacco,
7.
society?
dd s
a s
How can a graduate give back to his/her
a ddaassmagazines, passport, English money film and coins.
P
..Paa
Graduates must educate uneducated older members
P
.. Paa3. Describe the fluttery cascade of things
ww
of society and bring knowledge to them. They must ww tumbling from the bag.
wwww
give hope to the hopeless people. Thus students
can give back what they have received.
wwww A hundred carefully sorted documents tumbled
from the bag like a fluttery cascade.
351
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
4.
.N shift to his finger?
l a
l i
a .iN
Why did the author’s concern over tobacco
.N 8.
l a
l a .iN
What did Bryson wish to avoid in his life?
i .N
Bryson wished to avoid his clumsy behaviour in his life.
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
The author’s concern over tobacco shifted to his 9. How would staying away from liquid mischief
a
dd a
fingers because he had cut his finger deeply on the
aa a
dd a
benefit Bryson?
aa
5.
zip.
ww P
.. P
What happened to Bryson, when he leaned to ww P
..PIt would cut down on the laundry bills.
10. Why did the clerk say that Bryson was not
tie his shoelace?
wwww
When he leaned to tie his shoelace, the person on
wwww entitled to flyer miles?
It is Bryson in the ticket and the card is in the name
of W.Bryson.
the front seat pushed back his seat. As a result he
got stuck in the kneel down position. 11. Why doesn’t Bryson seem to be able to
6.
et
e t e
How did Bryson free himself from the crash
et t do easily what others seem to? Give a few
lalai.iN
.N position?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N reasons.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
a) Bryson is forgetful to the core.
assaa aa aa
Bryson freed himself by clawing the leg of the man
aass as
b) He is clumsy in his activities.
as
et
sitting next to him.
7.
PPaadd
What was Bryson’s worst accident on a
P Padd
c) He is always nervous, confused and preoccupied
a with one thing or the other.
plane?
ww.. w
w ..
12. What was the reaction of Bryson’s wife to his
wwww wwww
.N
The leakage of pen was Bryson’s worst accident on antics?
plane. His mouth, chin, tongue, teeth and gums Bryson’s wife simply looked at his antics with an
became navy blue and remained there for several expression of wonder. She used to say she couldn’t
ai
days. believe him doing such things.
eet t
Q. No.: 37-40
eet t
HOMOPHONES (P. No. 7, 8)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l
Homonyms (same words) Heteronyms - (differenti
a .iN
.N vii.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Through / threw - moving one side to other side,
assaa words)
a s
a aa
s a s aa
s
to propel with force
a
as
P Pa dd
Homographs (same spelling) - Homophones
a P Paadd
Ravi picked the banana peel and threw it in the
(same sound)
w
w .. ww.. dustbin.
wwww wwww
i. Brake / break - stop, to take rest The soldiers had to pass through a dark tunnel.
ad
We have a short break between the sessions. viii. Corps / corpse - organisation, dead body
The car skidded to a halt when I applied the brake The corpse was covered with a shroud.
A five-day annual training camp for the senior cadet
ii. Waste / waist - rubbish, hip region
corps has been organized.
t t
.P
ee t
Shivani wears a belt around her waist
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
We should never misuse waste Natural resources. 1.
1.
Homophones:
Coat
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
- dress
assaa aa aa
iii. Principle / principal - legal rules, high authority
w
a s
a s
Oxygen is the principal element present in the
dd a s s
Quote
dd a - Statement
earth’s crust.
P
.. Paa 2.
P
.. Paa Feet - bottom of leg
w
Whether - expressed
Turtles should be bred in a healthy environment.
4. Loose - not fit
I like to have toasted bread for breakfast.
Lose - to fail
v. Lesson / lessen - something you learn or teach, to
eet t
make / reduce smaller eet t 5. Weary - tired
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a
This medicine will lessen your pain.
l l i
a.iN
.N 6.
Wiry
l
Guilt a
l a .iN
.N
- thin
i
- sense of wrong doing
assaa s aa
s ssaa
Finally, the manager learnt a lesson in the hard
way.
aa a
dd a 7.
add
a aGilt
a
Paused
- covered in gold
- stopped
vi. P
..P
Pale / pail - weak / bucket
ww ww P
.. P Passed - crossing away
wwww wwww
The child looks very sick and pale 8. Pocket - small bag stitched in shirt
I need a pail of water to wash these cups. Packet - wrap up things
352
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
2.
.N Homographs:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
1. Book - printed work 6. Print - text appear in book
Book
a s
a
- reserve in advance
dd s a
dd s
a
Print s - write clearly
2. Frame - rigid
P
.. Paa P aa
7. Dear
..P - loved one
Frame
ww
- formulate
ww Deer - hoofed animal
3. Guide
Guide wwww
- person employed to show tourists
- Induce wwww 8. Park
Park
-
-
Place of public land for recreation
to leave the vehicle at place
4. Play - drama 9. Bat - sports equipment to hit a ball
Play - take part in sports Bat - a mammal
5.
et
e t
Plan - Proposal
eet t 10. File - a folder of loose papers
lalai.iN
.N Plan - decide to do in advance
l a
l i
a .iN
.N File
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
- submit a record
assaa aa aa
11. Wind - rush of air
aass as
as
Wind - gasping for breath
et
PPaadd P Padd
a
3. Heteronyms:
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
1. Lead - a metal 3. Present - gift
.N
Lead - guide Present - to give a talk
2. Minute - period of time 4. Tear - split into pieces
Minute - very small Tear - droplets from eyes
ai
A)
t t t t
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets and read the completed passage aloud.
ee ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
The people of India, as a whole,1 are (be) warm-hearted and hospitable. Any calamity in any part of the world
i i
immediately 2 Arouses (arouse). Their Charity and generosity and a committee 3 is (be) promptly 4 set (set) up
assaa s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
to collect funds to help the distressed. The most endearing quality in them 5 is (be) the respect they show for the
a
as
P Paadd P Paadd
work done in any capacity. They 6 believe (believe) in what we 7 call (call) the dignity of laboratory.
B)
w
w .. ww..
Now, use the verbs given in brackets in the following sentences in their correct forms
wwww wwww
1. I like (like) to spend time with my friend, whenever I am (be) free.
ad
ee t ee t
4. They firmly believe (believe) in the existence of God.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a i
a.iN
.N
5. We hear (hear) a lot of noise because the new buildings transmit (Transmit) sound vacant.
l
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s
6. She always makes (make) excuses for coming late.
a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
7. The prime minister leaves (leaves) for America to meet the delegates tomorrow.
w
1. I had never seen (See) such a beautiful sunrise before I came here.
2. We were not able to stay overnight as we had not seen (reserve) the tickets in advance.
3. Nirmala had been (be) to the concert several times.
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
4. Mariappan knew Pudukottai so well because he had lived (live) there for five years.
.N
5. Yusuf understood the problem because he had experienced (experience) the situation earlier.
assaa aadd s
a aa
s
7. My father had been (be) to Mumbai once before.
add
a aassaa
6. Catherine did not have any cash because she had lost (lose) her purse.
a
w P
..P ww P
.. P
8. The cat had chased (chase) the bird before it flew out what the problem was with her knee.
w
wwww wwww
9. Edith had visited (visit) several doctors before she found out what the problem was with her knee
10.If we had called (call) the manager ahead, we would not have to wait so long for a table.
353
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN l a
l i
a
passage. The first one is done for you. .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
D) Read the following extract and fill in the spaces with the right form of verbs and complete the
.N .N
assaa aadd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
1. The poet stops to hear the maiden singing while she 1 was cutting (Cut) and 2 Binding (bind) the grain.
a
The song of the lady 3 fascinated (fascinate) the poet, who 4 stood (stand) there to Listen to the song.
P
.. P
The girl sang (sing) a sad song.
ww ww P
..P
wwww wwww
2. During the monsoon, a tender slightly warm breeze 1 was blowing (blow) On a cloudless afternoon. A sort
of fragrance 2 rose (rise) from the wet grass and trees in the sunlight. It 3 seemed (Seen) as if the Warm
breath of the exhausted earth 4 was falling (Fall) against one’s Skin. A sweet voiced bird somewhere 5
was chirping (Chirp) repeatedly.
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N
Page no:43
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Lesson: 02
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa A)
a saa
s
Fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs.
a as
asaa
et
1.
aadd
We are not completely sure but Kishore may come
PP add
a
11. Helen jotted down the important points lest she
P P
back tomorrow.
ww.. w
w .. should forget it
wwww wwww
.N
2. When Koushik was a child he used to play in the 12. You can never retain me against my wishes.
street. 13. Being a Monday, the shops will not be crowded
3. Could I have some more juice, please. today.
ai
4. We need not paint this room now. 14. I would admit my fault, if I were you.
15. The groom must Certainly be over 30 years of age.
eet t
5. I would rather request you to check my exercise
eet t 16. My brother will go abroad to pursue his higher
l a
l i
a .iN
.Nbefore giving it to the teacher.
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
6. May I use your mobile phone? It’s an emergency.
l a i .iN
studies next year.
l a .N
assaa aa aa
17. It’s not that urgent. You may take your own time.
s s
7. In schools, students must wear uniforms. It is
a a a s
a s
as
compulsory.
P Paadd P aadd
18. There is a lot of time left, so you need not panic.
19. Can I turn on the fan, please?
P
w ..
8. The voyagers did not dare to drop anchor at the
w ww..
20. I can not believe my eyes. Is Santhosh the one
wwww wwww
unknown island.
who is standing over there?
ad
t t
.P
ee t ee t
CORRECT THE ERRORS IN SENTENCES
l a
l i
a .iN
1..N Many boys is clever.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N 8.
l a
l i
a
I met an European.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
One of the boxes is heavy He plays the Veena and the Violin
w
w ww
3.
wwww
Many of the book are costly
wwww
10. He went to US to see UNO building
w
Many of the books are costly He went to the US to see the UNO building
4. The Ganges is holiest river 11. We admire Sun, Moon, Ramayana, Bible and Taj.
The Ganges is the holiest river We admire the Sun, the Moon, the Ramayana, the
5.
eet t
Kumar is old than me
eet t Bible and the Taj.
l a
l i
a .iN
6..N Kumar is elder to me
He likes coffee than tea
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
12. Gopal as well as Mala are dancing
i
Gopal as well as Mala is dancing
assaa 7.
He likes coffee to tea
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
They spent a hour at an university aassaa
13. No one know the answer.
add
a
None knows the answer
P
..P
They spent an hour at a university
ww P
.. P
14. Neither Seetha or Geetha are good
ww
wwww wwww Neither Seetha nor Geetha is good
354
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
15. Either I nor you can do it.
Either I or you can do it
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
23. They walked into the road.
i
They walked along the road.
wwww wwww
They congratulate him on his success.
All the boys shared the food among them.
18. Let’s discuss about science and technology.
26. My mother cooks now.
Let’s discuss science and technology.
19. We speak the English My mother is cooking now.
We speak English 27. The doctor made him to take some medicine.
et
e t
20. The news are very important
eet t The doctor made him take some medicine.
lalai.iN
.N The news is very important
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
28. I have two brother-in-laws.
assaa aa aa
21. Priya is tallest girl in the class. I have two brothers-in-law.
aass
Priya is the tallest girl in the class
as
as
et
29. She is my cousin sister.
aadd
22. The HM with all / together with the
PP P Padd
a
She is my cousin
w..
teachers visit the exhibition
w w
w ..
30 He fell across the river.
wwww wwww
.N
The HM with all / together with the He fell into the river.
teachers visits the exhibition
Fill in the blanks with appropriate homophones , verb patterns, modal verb, tense and voice forms:
ai
37-40. Forms of verbs- Tense
eet t Tense
eet t
Pattern Key words
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N Simple tenses
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
Simple present V1 / V1+s / V1+es always , often, usually
a a a a
as
Simple past
P P
V2
aadd P Paadd last week, once, ago
Simple future
w
w .. Shall/will + V1
ww.. tomorrow, next week,soon
wwww wwww
Continuous tenses
ad
t t
.P
ee t ee t
Perfect tenses
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Present perfect
l a
l i
a.iN
Have / has + V3
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
already, just, before
assaa aa aa
Past perfect Had + V3 till,before, after,since
w
Future perfect
a s
a s
Shall /will+have +V3
dd a
dd s
a s by next month,by next year
P
.. Paa P Paa
Perfect continuous
..
w
Present perfect
w
w ww
continuous Have / has +been + V +ing Since, ever since, for
Past perfect
wwww wwww
continuous Had +been +V+ ing Since, ever since, for
w
Future perfect continuous Shall/ will + have+been+V+ing Since, ever since, for
DETERMINERS OR QUANTIFIERS
eet t eet t
Little = not much, a little = some though not much, few = none , a few = some.. ie few and little gives
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a i.iN
.N
negative meaning, which is subjected to the context.
l l a l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s ssaa
d) Fill in the blanks with appropriate determiners
1.
a a
dd a addaa
They came early but there was _______ (little / a little) work to do.
a a
2. P
..P P
.. P
Anand invited _______ (a few / few) friends for the birthday party.
ww ww
3.
4. wwww wwww
The teacher gave _______ (all / every) student a separate topic for the assignment.
_______ (Most of / many) the water overflowed from the tank.
355
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
5.
6..N l a
l a .iN
.N
_______ (One / Any) of my friends wished me on my birthday.
i
Vijay had _______ (no / any) idea about the problem.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa 7.
8.
aadd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Adhi had taken _______ (many / much) photos during the programme.
a
_______ (Some / Few) girls who attended the class informed about the test.
ww P
.. P SECTION - IV ww P
..P
Q. No.: 41-43wwww wwww PROSE PARAGRAPH
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i .iN
.N
they were not so close. She was not happy about his education at the city school. She used to feed sparrows in
l a
assaa saa
s ssaa
the city house. Later the author went abroad for higher studies. She showed no emotions. When he returned, she
aa aa
et
PP add P P dd
sang songs to celebrate his homecoming. Next morning, she became ill. She died peacefully in bed while praying.
a aa
ww..
Thousands of sparrows flew in to mourn her death.
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
2.The Queen of Boxing
M.C. Mary Kom was a boxer. She was selected for world women’s Boxing championships in USA. But she was
much worried about the expenses. Her father gave only Rs.2000 for her trip. With the help of her friends and two
ai
MP’s she left for USA with Rs.10000. She was defeated in the finals and got silver medal. She was given a warm
t t t t
welcome at the Delhi airport. The silver medal and the prize money had helped her get relief from financial problems.
ee ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
At the time of marriage, she had no savings, Manipur government offered her the sub-Inspector post. Even after her
i i
marriage, she retained the world title by winning a gold in Russia. Her victory at the fourth world championship in
assaa a s aa
s a s aa
s
New Delhi was one of the greatest achievements. The media named her Queen of Boxing and Magnificent Mary.
a a
as
P Paadd P Paa
3. Forgettingdd
w
w .. ww..
Modern man remembers telephone numbers, the addresses and the dates. His memory is filled with actors
wwww wwww
and actresses, cricketers and footballers. But we forget things because we wish to forget them. People forget
ad
their medicines because of their strong dislike to them. Chemists make a lot of money because people forget to
take medicines. Most of the people forget to post letters. Sportsmen forget their bats and balls when leaving the
train. The angler forgets to take the fishing rod back home. Many great writers, music composers and poets have
t t
.P
ee t ee t
exceptional powers of memory. But statesmen have bad memories. The poet forgets to post a letter because his
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
mind is filled with more glorious matter. So, forgetfulness is a necessary evil.
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s SUPPLEMENTARY – PARAGRAPHS
a
dd s
a s
1. After Twenty years – O.Henry
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
Bob and Jimmy were friends. Bob, left to try his luck in the west. They made an agreement to meet again exactly
w
w ww
wwww wwww
twenty years later. At the appointed time, Bob waited. A policeman walked up and asked what he was doing Bob
explained about their agreement and waited for Jimmy Wells. Later a tall man in plain clothes came to meet Bob. Bob
w
thought him to be Jimmy Wells. But the police officer whom he met earlier was Jimmy, his old friend. Since Bob was a
criminal wanted by the police, Jimmy Wells did not want to arrest him. So, Jimmy Wells has sent another police officer
t t
to do the work.
ee eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
2. A Shot in the Dark – Saki.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Philip Sletherby was travelling by train to Brill Manor. His companion in the train was Bertie, the son of Saltpen
assaa aa a s
a aa
s
aa aassaa
Jago. Bertie had left his purse behind. He asked Sletherby to lend the pounds to him. He said that the Saltpen crest
dd dd
was that of a demi lion. Bu this mother’s letter to Sletherby had a grey hound courant crest. Bertie stated that it was
w P
..P ww P
.. P
the Jago crest. He further added that his mother’s hair was dark brown similar to his suspecting foul play, Sletherby
w
wwww wwww
did not give him any money, as he knew Mrs. Saltpen Jago was a blonde. Later he came to know that Bertie’s mother
had changed hair colour just five weeks ago. Bertie had not lied. Only, Sletherby had mistaken Bertie for a fraud.
356
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
3. The first Patient – C.V.Burgess.
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
A number of patients were waiting for the dentist. Everybody was tensed. One of the women was busy with
assaa a dd s
a aa
s
a a
dd s
a aa
s
showing her photographs to everyone. Joe, the first patient was called in. Sometime later, the nurse came out and
a
went in with a hammer. Once again, the nurse came out to fetch a large pair of pliers and later on, she took in a
a a
w P
.. P ww P
..P
hacksaw. The loud sound of sawing and screeching made everyone leave the waiting room except two women.
w
wwww wwww
Actually, the doctor had missed the key to his tools cabin and he had been trying to open the cabin with the hammer,
pliers and hacksaw. The woman with the photographs is surprised to see that she was the next patient to go in.
1. WRITING NOTICE
et
e t eet t
St. Joseph’s Girls Hr. Sec. School, Jawahar Nagar
lalai.iN
.N l a i .iN
.N
WORKSHOP ON ESSAY WRITING
l a l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
2nd March 2021
aass as
as
et
Paadd P Padd
a
This is to inform all the students of class XI and XII that a workshop on Essay Writing will be held at 10.00 a.m.
P
th
ww.. w
w ..
on 6 July 2020 (Friday), in the school auditorium. Everyone is invited. For further details contact the under signed.
wwww wwww
.N
(Sd/-)
JEEVAN
(Secretary)
ai
eet t eet t
2. E-MAIL WRITING
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
1. Write an e-mail to your uncle thanking him for the gift that he had sent from abroad.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
To : [email protected]
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w ..
Cc: [email protected]
ww..
wwww wwww
ad
Dear Uncle,
Well and wish the same from you.
t t
.P
ee t ee t
Thank you very much for your gift of a laptop. It is very useful. My regards to all at home.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N With love,
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
chandru
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
2.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
Write an e-mail to a charitable trust requesting for a scholarship
w
w
w ww
wwww wwww
To : [email protected]
w
Cc: [email protected]
Subject: Application for scholarship
eetSir,
t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
Please do the essential in this regard.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
I kindly request you to peruse my application for the scholarship awarded by your trust.
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
wwww wwww
ww
www.Padasalai.Net
ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
3. LETTER WRITING
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s OFFICIAL LETTERS
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
1. Write a letter to a sports company ordering sports items for the physical education department of
your school.
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
From
xxxx
wwww wwww
yyyy
To
et
e t
The Manager eet t
lalai.iN
.N
Alwin Sports
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa saa
s ssaa
Palayamkottai
aa aa
et
Sir,
PPaadd P Padd
a
ww..
Sub: Ordering Sports items
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
I would like to place the following order for the Physical Education Department of our school. Kindly sent
them through ABT parcel service.
ai
List of Goods
eet t eet t
1. Cricket Ball 3 Nos.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
2. Volley Ball 3 Nos.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
3. Foot Ball 2 Nos.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P P add P P add
Kindly send us your bank account detail so that we can remit the bill amount as soon as we receive the goods.
a a
w
w .. ww..
Thanking you,
wwww
Place : YYYYY.
wwww Yours faithfully,
ad
ee t The Manager
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Alwin Sports
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Palayamkottai
w
a
dd s
a s a
dd
JOB APPLICATION WITH BIO-DATA
s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
From
w
w ww
wwww wwww
XXXXX,
YYYYY.
w
To
__________________________________
__________________________________
Sir,eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a i .iN
.N
Sub: Application for the post of Post Graduate English Teacher / Salesman.
l a
assaa s aa s aa
Ref: The Hindu. Dtd. 10th March 2020
a
dd a s ddaa s
I saw your ad. I have necessary qualifications. If appointed, I will work sincerely. I have enclosed my bio-data.
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
Thank you.
ww ww
wwww wwww
Place : YYYYY. Yours faithfully,
Date : 13.03.2021 XXXXX.
358
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
wwww wwww
ww
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ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
1. Name of the applicant :
l a i
a
xxxx
l .iN
.N BIO-DATA
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
2. Father’s Name : Raja
3. Residential Address :
aa a
dd a xxxx, yyyy.
aa a
dd a
4. Date of Birth & Age
5. Sex
ww
:
:P
.. P Male
ww P
..P
4th June 1996 & 24 years old
6. Nationality
7. Religion wwww :
:
Indian
Hindu wwww
8. Qualification : M.A. with B.Ed and M.Ed.,
9. Languages known : Tamil and English
et
e t
10. Experience :
t t
Worked as PG English Teacher in Rose Mary Matric HSS, Palayamkottai/
ee
lalai.iN
.N
11. Special Talent :
l a
l a .iN
.N
Worked as salesman in Vasanth & Co
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Fluency in English, a good knowledge in computer and a good athlete.
et
PPaadd P Padd
a
Declaration
ww.. w
w ..
I, xxxx hereby declare that the information which I have furnished above is true to the best of my knowledge.
wwww wwww
.N
Place : YYYYY. XXXXX.
Date : 13.03.2021 Signature
ai
3. Write a letter to the Chief Reservation Supervisor of Railways requesting him to grant concession
eet t
for your educational tour.
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
From al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
xxxx
a s
a s a s
a s
as
yyyy
To
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w ..
The Chief Reservation Supervisor
ww..
wwww
The Southern Railway
wwww
ad
Tirunelveli
Respected Sir,
Thirty students of our school with three teachers have planned for an educational tour to Chennai on 7th
July 2020. We have decided to travel by Kanyakumari Express which takes off from Tirunelveli at 8.00 p.m. We
t t
.P
ee t ee t
have planned to return on 9th July 2020 at 6.00 p.m. I request you to kindly do the needful for us.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N Thanking you,
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
Place : YYYYY.
Date : 1st July 2021 a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s Yours faithfully,
XXXXX.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
w
w
Address on the Cover
ww
To
wwww wwww
STAMP
w
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
INFORMAL / PERSONAL LETTER
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
1st April, 2021
My Dear....
a
dd s
a s ddaass
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
I am fine. Hope you are doing well ................................ lonely. My regards to all at home.
ww ww
wwww wwww
Yours lovingly
359
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
wwww wwww
ww
www.Padasalai.Net
ww www.CBSEtips.in
eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
Time allowed: 2.30 Hours
l a
l i
a .iN
LANGUAGE - PART II - ENGLISH
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N Maximum Marks:90
assaa i)
aa a
dd
Answer all the questions.
s
a aa
s PART - I
aa a
dd s
a aa
s 20 x 1 = 20
ii)
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
Choose the appropriate synonyms of the underlined words in the following sentences.
wwww wwww
Choose the most appropriate synonyms for the italicised words.
1. We treated it like the fables of the prophets she used to tell us.
(a) hymns (b) songs (c) storeys (d) stories
2.
et
e t The coaches lauded me.
eet t
lalai.iN
.N
3.
(a) appreciated (b) gifted
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The toilers did not enjoy this privilege.
(c) garlanded
l a
l i
a .iN
.N (d) rebuked
et
P aadd P add
a
Choose the appropriate antonyms for the underlined words in the following sentences.
P P
ww..
4. Grandmother was always in spotless white.
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
(a) pure (b) pointless (c) dirty (d) creased
5. The staff looked so unsympathetic ...
(a) credible (b) genuine (c) dutiful (d) sympathetic
ai
6.
eet It requires individual responsibility.
t
(a) classical (b) personal eet t (c) collective (d) modern
l a
l i
a .iN
7..N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l
Form a new word by adding a suitable prefix to the base word ‘tidy’.a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa (a) ir
a
(b) ins
a aa
s (c) dis
a s
a aa
s (d) un
as
8. aadd
Choose the correct expansion of the abbreviation ‘CAT’
P P P Paadd
w
w ..
(a) Career and Aptitude Test
ww..
(b) Competitive Aptitude Test
wwww
(c) Capital Aptitude Test
wwww
(d) Central Law and Aptitude Test
ad
ee t
(c) square off
ee t (d) turning over a new leaf
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
10. Fill in the blanks with the suitable phrasal verb.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
11. Choose the word from the options given below to form a compound word with “bee”.
w
w ww
wwww wwww
(a) piece (b) lash (c) gate (d) hive
w
lal i
a.iN
13. Form a derivative for the underlined word.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a
Mom told me to arrange the table
(a) ful
aadd
(b) ment
aa
s
add
a aassaa
(c) ity (d) ness
ww P
..P
14. Fill in the blanks with appropriate “ism” word.
ww P
.. P
(a) absenteeism wwww (b) patriotism wwww
Ravi had the habit of being absent at work. He is known for his _____
(c) heroism (d) criticism
360
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN l a
l i
a .iN
15. Fill in the blanks with the suitable modal verb.
.N .N
Students _______ submit their note books tomorrow without fail.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
(a) must (b) can (c) may (d) might
aa a
dd a
16. Fill in the blanks with a suitable Preposition.
aa a
dd a
P
.. P
I saw the cat sitting ____ the table.
ww ww P
..P
wwww wwww
(a) on (b) in (c) of (d) at
17. Choose the appropriate question tag for the following sentence.
Sita is a teacher, ______ ?
(a) wasn’t she (b) is she (c) did she (d) isn’t she
et
e t eet t
18. Fill in the blanks with the correct tense form.
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
If I ___________a pilot, I would fly high.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
(a) am (b) was (c) had been (d) were
aass as
as
et
PPaadd
19. Fill in the blanks with a suitable determiner.
______of my friends called me yesterday.
P Padd
a
(a) Third
ww.. ( b ) Any
w
w ..
(c) Little (d) Many
wwww wwww
.N
20. Fill in the blanks with the suitable phrase.
________ heavy rain, the match was cancelled.
ai
(a) Due to (b) In spite of (c) Despite (d) In case of
eet t eet t
PART - II
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
Answer any four of the following.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N SECTION - 1
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 4x2=8
assaa s aa
s
21. “Most of all, 1 want to relearn
a a a s
a aa
s
as
P Paadd P Paadd
How to laugh, for my laugh in the mirror Shows only my teeth like a snake’s bare fangs!”
w
w .. ww..
(a) Why does the poet want to relearn how to laugh ? Refer EC Guide - Poem 1 3b (ii)
wwww wwww
(b) Mention the figure of speech used here. Simile
ad
ee t ee t
(b) Pick out the rhyming words in the given lines. demand, stand
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
23. He, who does not stoop, is a king we adore.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
We bow before competence and merit;
w
a
dd s
a s
(a) Who is adored as a king’ ? a
dd s
a s Refer EC Guide - Poem 5 4a
P Paa P Paa
(b) What is the figure of speech used in the first line ?
.. .. Refer EC Guide - 4b metaphor
w
w
w ww
wwww wwww
24. “And tell sad stories of the death of kings:”
(a) Pick out the alliterated words.
w
sad, stories
(b) Who is the speaker ? King Richard II
25. Cocktail face, with all their conforming smiles
t t
Like a fixed portrait smile.
ee eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal
(b) Mention the figure of speech.
a.iN
.N
(a) What do you mean by “Cocktail face”?
i l a
l a .iN
.N
A face which shows mixed emotions
i Alliteration
assaa a
dd s
a aa
s
26. Keeps Death his court, and there the antic sits,
aa add
a aassaa Refer EC Guide - Poem 6
ww P
(a) What does the word “antic” mean ?
..P ww P
.. P
(b) Identify the figure of speech employed in this line.
A court jester
Personification
wwww wwww
361
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.NSECTION - 2
Answer any three of the following questions.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 3x2=6
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
27. The old woman said to the boy, “Please help me.”
a
dd a
[Rewrite as a Reported Speech]
aa aa a
dd a
ww P P
Ans : The old women requested the boy to help her
..
28. Raghu tried his best, but he did not succeed.
ww P
..P
wwww
[Rewrite as a Complex Sentence]
wwww
Ans : Though Raghu tried his best, he did not succeed
29. Though the battle has been won, the war isn’t over yet.
[Rewrite as a Compound Sentence]
et t t t
Ans : The battle has been won yet the war isn’t over
e ee
lalai.iN
.N [Rewrite using “If’ clause]
l a
l a .iN
.N
30. Rita was late to school. She was punished.
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa asaa
s as
asaa
Ans : If Rita had not been late to school, she would not have been punished.
a
et
PP add P P dd
If Rita was early to school, she would not be punished
a aa
ww.. w
w ..
PART - III
wwww wwww
.N
SECTION - 1
Explain any two of the following with reference to the context. 2x3=6
31. “I have learned to wear many faces Like dresses …….
ai
Refer EC Guide - Poem 1
Ans : Poem : Once upon a time
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a
.iN
.N Poet : Gabriel Okara
al a i
a .iN
.N a i
a .iN
32. ”They do not ever in their dealings Consider one another’s feelings…….
l l l l .N
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
Refer EC Guide - Poem 2
a a a a
as
P P add
Ans : Poem : Confessions of a Born Spectator
a P Paadd
w
w ..
Poet : Ogden Nash
ww..
wwww wwww
33. “How can you say to me, I am a king ?”
ad
ee t ee t
Answer any two of the following questions in not more than 30 words.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
34. Why did the grandmother accompany the author to school ?
l a
l i
a.iN
.N 2x3=6
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
Refer EC Guide - Prose 1 Qns 1 - d
a s a
dd
35. What did Mary Kom consider her greatest achievement ? Why ?
s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
SECTION - 3
Answer any three of the following. 3x3=9
37. Write an article on “Road Safety” in about 50 words.
eet t eet t
Ans : Practicing road safety measures is very good and safe to all people all through the
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
life. Everyone should respect others while driving or walking on the road and take care
assaa aa aa
of their safety. People’s safety on the road is one of the most important aspects in order
a s
a s
to avoid road side accidents, injury and death.
dd ddaass
P
..Paa
38. Describe the process of ironing a shirt.
P
.. Paa
w
Ans : Refer EC Guide, Describing Process Ex . 5
w ww
wwww wwww
39. Write an e-mail to your brother wishing him on his birthday.
Ans : Refer EC Guide Qns Drafta Email Ex.3
362
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
40. W
.Nschool hours.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
rite a message to your sister reminding her about the coaching class that evening after
.N
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
Ans :
13.05.2022
a a
dd a
10.00am
a aa a
dd a
P
.. P
To : [email protected]
ww ww P
..P
wwww wwww
In your busy schedule don’t forget the coaching class. This message is to remind you that you have
to go the coaching class in the evening at 6.00pm. Attend the coaching class without fail.
From
Mary
et
e t eet t
PART - IV
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Answer the following in a paragraph of about 150 words.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 7 x 5 = 35
assaa saa s aa
41. (a) Why was Mary Kom named the “Queen of Boxing” and “Magnificent Mary” ?
aa s aas
et
PPaadd OR
P Padd
a
Refer EC Guide - Prose 2
ww.. w
w ..
(b) How does the speaker highlight the importance of giving back to the society in the
wwww wwww
.N
lesson “The Convocation Address” ? Refer EC Guide - Prose 5
Answer the following in a paragraph of about 150 words.
ai
42. (a) Explain the things the poet has learnt when he grew into an adult, in the poem,
“Once upon a Time”.
eet t eet t OR
Refer EC Guide - Poem 1
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
(b) What are the qualities the speaker wishes to nourish and what is his mission in the
assaa s aa s aa
poem, “Everest is not the only Peak” ?
a a s a a s Refer EC Guide - Poem 5
as
P Paadd P Paadd
Answer in a paragraph of about 150 words developing the following hints.
43. (a) The dentist’s clinic many patients wait – tensed – tooth to be extracted – the arrival of
w
w .. ww..
the dentist – Joe, the first patient – called in – the nurse goes – with hammer – reaction
wwww wwww
of patients – loud sound of sawing and screeching – other patients fear – go away – Joe
ad
comes out – hammer, pliers – to open tool box. Refer EC Guide - Supplementary Reader 3
OR
(b) Stephen Leacock – visits a photo studio – for photograph – the photographer –
t t
.P
ee t ee t
unpleasant comments – takes a long time – Leacock gets angry -The photographer –
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
rude – comments on Leacock’s features – ill – treats Leacock – takes photo in animation
– asks to come on Saturday – Leacock goes – disappointed – does not resemble him –
assaa aa aa
w
dd s
a s
accuses and leaves in tears.
a a
dd s s
Refer EC Guide - Supplementary Reader 4
a
P
.. Paa
44. Write a summary (or) make notes of the following passage.
P
.. Paa
w
A planet revolves around the Sun along a definite curved path which is called an
w
w ww
wwww wwww
orbit. It is elliptical. The time taken by a planet to complete one revolution is called
its period of revolution.
w
Besides revolving around the Sun, a planet also rotates on its own axis like a top. The time
taken by a planet to complete one rotation is called its period of rotation. The period
of rotation of the earth is 23 hours and 56 minutes and so the length of a day on earth is
eet t
taken as 24 hours.
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The planets are spaced unevenly. The first four planets are relatively close together and
assaa aa aa
close to the Sun. They form the inner solar system. Farther from the Sun is the outer
a s
a s aass
solar system, Where the planets are much more spread out. Thus the distance between
dd dd
..Paa P
.. Paa
Saturn and Uranus is much greater than the distance between Earth and Mars.
P
The four planets grouped together in the inner solar system are Mercury, Venus,
ww ww
wwww wwww
Earth and Mars. They are called inner planets. They have a surface of solid rock crust
and are called terrestrial or rocky planets. Their insides, surfaces and atmospheres are
363
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
model of the other three planets.
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
formed in a similar way and form a similar pattern. Our planet Earth, can be taken as a
.N
assaa s aa s aa
The four large planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune spread out in the outer
a
dd a s a
dd a s
solar system and slowly orbit the Sun. They are called outer planets. They are made
P Paa PPaa
of hydrogen, helium and other gases in huge amounts and have very dense atmosphere.
.. ..
ww ww
They are known as gas giants and are also called gaseous planets. The four outer
wwww wwww
planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune have rings, whereas the four inner planets
do not have any rings. The rings are actually tiny pieces of rock covered with ice.
Ans : Note : Gather all the bold sentences and write a paragraph
Rough Copy :
et
e t
Summary :
eet t
lalai.iN
.N Title : The Planets
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa saa
s ssaa
45. (a) Write a letter to the commissioner of the corporation complaining about the sanitary
aa aa
et
PPaadd OR
conditions of the streets in your locality.
P Padd
aRefer EC Guide - Prose 5 Letter Writing
ww.. w
w ..
(b) Write a letter to your friend informing him/her that you would visit her the following
wwww wwww
.N
week and celebrate your birthday there...
Ans :
yyyy
ai
27th June 2022
t t
Dear Shri
ee eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
I hope you are doing fine. I am having a good time these days. I am writing this letter
i i
to share how I am going to celebrate my birthday in your house. This year I have planned
assaa s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
to celebrate my birthday with you in your house. I think we shall enjoy happy and have
a
as
P Paadd P Paadd
a great time. We shall have lots of fun games. Convey my humble regards to every one at
home.
w
w .. ww.. Yours lovingly
wwww wwww
ad
Mathi
46. (a) Read the following sentences, spot the error in them and correct them.
(i) I saw many gooses in the park. Ans : geese
(ii) Ramu is one of the tallest boy.. Ans : boys
t t
.P
ee t ee t
(iii) He is my cousin brother. Ans : remove brother
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
(iv) They discussed about the matter.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Ans : remove about
assaa aa aa
(v) Either of these are right. Ans : is
w
a
dd s
a s OR
a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
(b) Read the following sentences and classify them according to their fields.
w
assaa a s aa
s a ssaa
are obtained either directly or indirectly from plants. All the major systems of medicines
aadd a add
a a
such as Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy are based on drugs obtained from
w P
..P ww P
.. P
plants and animals. These drugs obtained from medicinal plants are called secondary
w
wwww wwww
metabolites. Plants produce primary metabolites for their living e.g. carbohydrates,
amino acids, etc., and secondary metabolites for protection, competition and species
364
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i
a .iN
interaction, (e.g.) alkaloids, terpenoids flavonoids etc. Phytochemistry is the study of
.N
Phytochemicals which are chemical substances derived from various parts of the plant.
l
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
Few plant derived drugs are Tulsi, Nannari, Nilavembu, Pappali etc.
Questions :
aa a
dd a aa a
dd a
ww P P
(i) Name any two major systems of medicines.
..
Ans : Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha
ww P
..P
wwww
(ii) What are secondary metabolites ?
wwww
Ans : Drugs obtained from medicinal plants are called secondary metabolites
(iii) Carbohydrates, amino acids etc. are
Ans : Primary metabolites
t t
(iv) What is phytochemistry ?
ee eet t
lalai.iN
.N
l a
l a .iN
.N
derived from various parts of the plant.
l a
l a .iN
.N
Ans : Phytochemistry is the study of Phytochemicals which are chemical substances
i i
assaa asaa
s as
asaa
(v) Did you come across the word ‘Nilavembu’ in recent years ? For which disease was it
a
et
recommended?
PPaadd P Padd
a
ww..
Ans : For Corona
w
w ..
wwww wwww
OR
.N
(b) Build a dialogue with a minimum of 5 exchanges between a teacher, and a student who
has come late to school.
Ans :
ai
Student : May I come in Sir?
eet t e t t
Teacher : Yes, Stand here. Why do you always come late?
e
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Student : Sir, It is the bus which makes me late
Teacher : What time do you leave home? l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s aa
s
Student : I always leave home at quarter to eight
a a s
a aa
s
as
aadd
Teacher : How far is your home from here
P P P Paadd
w
w ..
Student : It is about three kilometers from here
ww..
wwww wwww
Teacher : Okay. Try to be regular and punctual in doing your work
ad
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N GOVT QUESTION PAPER
l a
l i
a.iN
.-N
AUGUST 2022
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s
LANGUAGE - PART II - ENGLISH
a
dd s
a s
Time allowed: 3.00 Hours
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa Maximum Marks:90
w
w
w PART - I ww
wwww
Answer all the questions. wwww 20×1=20
w
Choose the appropriate synonyms of the underlined words in the following sentences.
1. Khushwant Singh’s grandmother hobbled about in the house with one hand resting on her
e t t
waist:
e eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.Na) walked unsteadily b) jumped
lal i
a.iN
.N c) ran quickly
l a
l i
a .iN
d) danced
.N
assaa aa aa
2. M
ary Kom had a strong conviction in her passion for boxing :
a) struggle a
dd s
a s
b) belief c) thought
ddaass d) affinity
3. H P
..Paa
e could hear a smothered noise from his friend : P
.. Paa
ww ww
wwww wwww
a) suppressed b) loud c) strange d) weird
365
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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wwww wwww
ww
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
4. T
l a
l i
a .iN
he grains were scattered all over the place :
l a
l i
a .iN
Choose the appropriate antonyms for the underlined words in the following sentences.
.N .N .N
assaa a) picked
5. S aa a
dd s aa
s
b) distributed
a
he was happy that her fear vanished :
c) gathered
aa a
dd s
a aa
s d) found
a) disappeared
ww P
.. P b) appeared
ww P
..P
c) proved d) concluded
a) timidity
wwww
6. I do represent him in all ruggedness :
b) honesty
wwww
c) strength d) regularity
7. F
orm a new word by adding a suitable prefix to the base word ‘obedient’,
a) in — b) dis — c) ir — d) mis —
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N
8. C
a) Goods and Service Term
l a
l a .iN
.N
hoose the correct expansion of the abbrevation GST :
i l a
l i
a .iN
b) Goods and Service Tax .N
assaa s
c) Goods and Service Trade
aa aa
s as
asaa
b) Goods and Sales Tax
et
9. F
aadd
ill in the blank with suitable phrasal verb :
PP P Padd
a
ww..
The dog was ______ by a heavy vehicle.
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
a) run away b) run over c) run into d) run off
10. C
hoose the appropriate idiomatic expression for the underlined phrase.
The players were facing each other at the beginning of the match.
ai
a) square off b) on the ropes c) in our corner d) cooking an account
e
11. Cet t eet t
hoose the right definition for the word ‘cardiologist’.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a
a) One who treats stomach disorders .iN
.N l a i .iN
.N
b) One who treats heart problems
l a
assaa s aa s aa
c) One who specializes in lung problems d) One who treats kidney diseases
a a s a a s
as
P P add P P add
12. Choose the word that can be added after ‘toll’ to form a compound word.
a a
a) gate
w
w .. b) tax c) bunk
ww.. d) great
13. A
wwww wwww
dd a suitable suffix to the word ‘beauty’ to form a new word.
ad
e
15. F
e t ee t
ill in the blanks with suitable homophones :
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
The hunter _______ a while as the antelope ________ that way. (passed / paused)
16. A a
dd s
a s a
dd
dd an appropriate question tag to the following sentence :
s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w
17. F
ill in the blanks with the suitable prepositional phrase.
_________ the present situation, people need to be more cautious.
a) But for b) On behalf of c) According to d) With reference
18. F t t t t
ill in the blanks with suitable semi-modal verb :
ee ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal
b) darei
a.iN
.N
How _______ you speak to me like this ?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
a) ought c) used to d) need
19. F a s
a s aass
ill in the blanks with the suitable tense form of the Verb :
dd dd
P
..Paa
Rita _______ (call) me yesterday. P
.. Paa
ww b) called ww
wwww wwww
a) call c) is calling d) will call
366
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
20. F
.N l a
l i
a .iN
ill in the blanks with the suitable article.
.N
Mary Kom was given _______ warm welcome at the airport.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a) the
a
b) an
aadd s
a aa
s c) a
aa a
dd s
a aa
s d) None of the above
ww P
.. P PART - II
w
SECTION - 1w P
..P
wwww
Answer any four of the following. wwww 4×2=8
Read the following sets of poetic lines and answer the following :
21. But now they laugh with their teeth,
et
e t eet t
While their ice - block - cold eyes ......... Poem I b - 1 - a,b
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
(a) Explain : ice - block - cold - eyes
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa saa s aa
(b) Identify the figure of speech used here. Metaphor (b)
aa s aas
et
aadd
22. With all my heart I do admire
PP P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
Athletes who sweat for fun or hire. Poem 2 4a - (i) (ii)
wwww wwww
.N
(a) Whom does the poet admire ?
(b) For what reasons do the athletes sweat ?
ai
23. Defeat we repel, courage our fort. Poem 5 B - 2 - a, b
(a) How do we react to defeat ?
eet t ee
(b) Which is considered as our stronghold ?t t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
24. How some have been deposed, some slain in war, Poem 6 Addl Qus 4 - a, b
a s
a s
Some haunted by the ghosts they have deposed.
a s
a s
as
aadd
(a) What is meant by ‘slain’ ?
P P P Paadd
w
w ..
(b) By whom were the kings haunted ?
ww..
wwww wwww
ad
ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l
Another plays basketball or hockey,a.iN
.N
26. One infant grows up and becomes a jockey, Poem 2 Addl Qus 6 - a, b
i l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
w
w SECTION - 2
ww
wwww
Answer any three of the following.
wwww
3×2=6
w
eet eet
28. Sheela was sick. She did not attend the meeting. (Combine using ‘If’ clause)
t t
If sheela had not been sick, she would have attended the meeting.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l
29. The bus was late. I reached ont ime. (Combine using ‘in spite of’) i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s aa
s
Inspite of the bus being late, I reached on time.
aadd a add
a aassaa
ww P
..P
Mala said to Balu, “What are you doing now?”
ww P
30. Mala asked Balu what he was doing then. (Change into direct speech)
.. P
wwww wwww
367
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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wwww wwww
ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iNPART - III
.N
SECTION - 1 l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
aa a
dd
Explain any two of the following with reference to the context.s
a aa
s 2×3=6
P
.. P
31. I have learned to wear many faces
ww ww P
..P
wwww wwww
Like dresses .............
32. Our pride springs from the way we live.
33. Let’s choose executors and talk of wills.
SECTION - 2
et
e t eet t
Answer any two of the following questions in not more than 30 words each. 2×3=6
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
34. Where did the author study in his childhood ? Lesson - I, I - c
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a saa
s assaa
35. How was Mary Kom felicitated on her return to India ? Lesson - 2, 2 - h
a a
et
aadd
36. What is a tight corner ? Lesson - 4, 2 - a
PP P Padd
a
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
SECTION - 3
Answer any three of the following questions. 3×3=9
37. Prepare a notice to be displayed on the notice - board of your school informing the stu-
ai
dents about the class excursion of Std XI, that has beenscheduled for the month of Jan-
eet t e
uary. See EC Guide Draft a Notice Qns - 4
et t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
38. Build a dialogue of minimum five exchanges between a student and a health worker, who
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
stresses on cleanliness and safety measures to be followed by youngsters.
as
P Paadd P Paadd
See EC Guide Dialough writing Q.No. 3
w
w .. ww..
wwww wwww
39. Describe the process of making a glass of lime juice. See EC Guide Deseribing process Q.No. 7
ad
40. Write an article in about 150 words on the topic ‘Social Distancing’.
See EC Guide Report writing Q.No. 3
t t
.P
ee t ee t
PART - IV
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
Note : Answer the following in a paragraph of about 150 words.
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N 2×3=6
assaa aa aa
41. (a) The grandmother played a vital role in the author’s formative years Explain.
w
Prose 1-3a
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa (OR)
P
.. Paa
w
w
w ww
(b) Explain how the narrator got out of the tight corner that he was in. Prose - 4, 4- c
42. (a) T wwww wwww
he poet does not wish to exchange places with the athletes. How does he justify his
w
assaa a dd s
a aa
s
addaassaa
ries hammer - plier - hacksaw - woman creates commotion - all the patients - leave
a
clinic - woman 5 still stays - doctor has lost key - tries to open - cabinet - woman -
a a
w P
..P ww P
.. P
thinks - Joe - her husband - crying with pain - at last - Joe explains actual reason.
w
wwww wwww
Sup. Unit - 3, Para - 1
368
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N (OR)
l a i
a .iN
.N
(b) Narrator - wants - a photograph visits a studio - photographer acts - too smart -
l
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
gives directions - comments on the face - features of his face - finally - clicks - pic-
a a
dd a aa a
dd a
ture narrator - goes saturday - to get his photograph - shocked face changed - gets
a
P
.. P P
..P
angry - remarks on photographer’s attitude - leaves - studio - with a heavy heart.
ww ww Sup. Unit - 4, Para - I- d
wwww wwww
44. Write a summary (or) make notes of the following passage.
Vaccines are preparations of living or killed microorganisms or their products, used for
treatment of diseases. Vaccines are of two types - live vaccines and killed vaccines. Live
vaccines are preapred from living organisms ; eg. BCG vaccine oral polio vaccine. Microor-
et
e t e t t
ganisms killed by heat or chemicals are called killed or inactivated vaccines. They require a
e
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
primary does followed by a subsequent booster does ; eg. typhoid vaccine, cholera vaccine.
Immunization is a process of developing resistance to infections by administration of anti-
assaa asaa
s as
asaa
gens or antibodies. Innoculation of vaccines into the body to prevent diseases is called vac-
a
et
PPaadd P Padd
cination. One effective way of controlling the spread of infection is to strengthen the host
a
defenses. This is accomplished by immunization, which is one of the cost effective weap-
ww.. w
w ..
ons of modernmedicine. When a large proportion of a community is immunized against a
wwww wwww
.N
disease, the rest of the people in the community are benefittedbecause the disease does
not spread. The World Health Organization, in the year 1970, has given a schedule of
immunization for children. This schedule is carried out in almost all countries. BCG was
ai
prepared by two French workers Calmette and Guerin. The bacilli was weakened and used
for immunization against tuberculosis. DPT is a combined vaccine for protection against
eet t eet t
Diptheria, Pertussis and Tetanus. MMR the Mumps, Measles, Rubella vaccine offers pro-
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
tection against Diptheria, Pertussis and Tetanus. MMR the Mumps, Measles, Rubella vac-
assaa aa aa
cine offers protection against viral infections. DT is a dual antigen. It gives protection from
Tetanus.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
Also, some of the microorganisms which cause diseases, are beneficial to us and they are
wwww wwww
used in the preparation of curd, bread, etc.
ad
45. (a) Write a letter to your friend stating the need to use a mask when he/she
goes out. Unit - 5 Formal Letters 1 - b
(OR)
t t
.P
ee t ee t
(b) Write a letter to a book seller placing an order for some books for your school
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
libraray. Unit - 5 Letter Writing 1
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w
46. (a)
a s
a s a s
a s
Read the following sentences and spot the error in them and correct them :
dd dd
(i)
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
If Meena had worked hard, she would receive an award.
w
No sooner did they display the picture, then the dealer made his bid.
(iii) Raju rode the bike fastly.
Raju rides the bike fast.
eet
(iv) One of the girl is missing.
t One of the girls missing. eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
(v) As she was sick, but she could not attend the meeting.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s ssaa
As she was sick, she could not attend the meeting.
aa a
dd a (OR)
add
a aa
ww PP
(b) Fill in the blanks as instructed :
.. ww P
.. P
(i) Rita will be at ________ only when you give her the ________ of paper. (piece / peace)
wwww wwww Ans : (peace / piece)
369
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN l a
l i
a .iN
(ii) Seema ________ (leave) for her NEET classes shortly.
.N .N
(use the appropriate tense form of the verb)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Ans : is leaving / will leave
assaa
aadd s
a aa
s
(iii) I prefer coffee ________ tea.
a
(Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition).
aa a
dd s
a aa
s Ans : to
w P
.. P ww P
..P
(iv) You have submitted the assignment. You ________ (not) come to school tomorrow.
w
wwww
(Use an appropriate semi-modal verb)
wwww
47. (a) Read the following passage and answer the questions in your words :
Ans : need
India is unique in the system of Joint Hindu families. A Joint Hindu family comprises of
father, mother, sons, daughters, grandsons and grand daughters. They hold the prop-
et
e t eet t
erty jointly. They do the business under the control of the head of the family. These fam-
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
ilies have been engaged in occupations like agriculture, handicrafts, small industries
assaa aa aa
etc. Their business units are known as Joint Hindu family came into existence by the
aass as
as
operation of Hindu Law. There will not be any disagreement among the members. The
et
Paadd P Padd
a
firm is owned by the members of the family who have inherited their ancestral property.
P
ww.. w
w ..
The head of the family is known as ‘KARTA’. See EC Guide Prose comprehension Q.No. 2
wwww wwww
.N
Questions :
(i) Who are the members of a Joint Hindu Family ?
(ii) When did the Joint Hindu family come into existence ?
ai
(iii) How is the head of the family called ?
eet t t t
(iv) What do your mean by the term ‘ancestral property’ ?
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N OR
(b) Write a paragrap on ‘The benefits of reading newspapers’.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a assaa a s
a aa
s
See EC Guide General Para Q.No. 6
as
P Paadd P
Paadd
*****
w
w . .GOVT. EXAM - MARCH 2023 ww. .
wwww wwww
ad
t t
.P
ee t ee t
PART - I
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Note : i) Answer All the questions.
ii) C
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
hoose the most appropriate answer from the given four alternatives and write the option
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s
code and the corresponding answer.
a
dd s
a s
Choose the most appropriate synonyms of the underlined words in the following sentences.
20 x 1 = 20
P
.. Paa P
..
1. She said her morning prayer in a monotonous sing - song.
Paa
w
a) jarring
w
w b) boring
ww
c) piercing d) depressing
2.
wwww wwww
The greatest disadvantage for me was my loss of appetite.
w
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN lal i
a.iN
.N
4. I pulled myself together to hand my card, nonchalantly to the clerk.
l a
l i
a .iN
Choose the most appropriate antonyms of the underlined words in the following sentences.
.N .N
assaa s aa
s ssaa
a) physically b) foolishly c) secretly d) concernedly
5. a
dd a
I do claim to represent him in all his ruggedness .
aa add
a aa
a) Loneliness
ww P
..P b) eagerness
ww P
..
c)
Pweakness d) sadness
wwww wwww
6. My particular specialty now is returning to hotel desks two or three times a day.
a) peculiar b) exemplary c) moderate d) general
370
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
7.
.N a) yard b) file
l a
l i
a .iN c) gate
l a
l i
a .iN
Choose the word that can be placed after the word ‘Court’ to form a compound word.
.N .N d) bail
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
8. Form a derivative by adding a suitable suffix to the root word “peace”.
a) - ly
aa a
dd a
b) - able c) - ful
aa a
dd a d) - ment
9.
P
.. P
Choose the expanded form of TNPSC.
ww ww P
..P
a) Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission b) Tamil Nadu Private Sector Commission
10. wwww
c) Tamil Nadu Public Service Committee
Choose the clipped form of the word “Helicopter”.wwww
d) Tamil Nadu Private Sector Committee
et
e t t t
The crippled soldier somehow managed to run away from the prison camp.
ee
lalai.iN
.N
12.
a) operate b) follow
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Add suitable question tag to the following sentence.
c) observe
l a
l i
a .iN
.N d) escape
assaa s
Raji is not a Lawyer, ______.
aa aa
s as
asaa
et
a) doesn’t she?
PPaadd
b) is she?
P Padd
c) has she?
a d) hasn’t she?
13.
ww..
Identify the pattern of the following sentence.
Gopi gave Prithvi a book. w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
a) SVIODO b) SVOA c) SVAA d) SVOC
14. Choose the meaning of the foreign word in the given sentence.
I got my resume neatly typed.
ai
a) an overall plan b) an urgent message
eet t
c) a detailed description
eet t d) brief summary
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
15.
al l a
l a .iN
.N
Substitute the underlined word with the appropriate polite alternative.
i
The company has announced a grand sale of used vehicles.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a) Well - handled
s aa
s
b) Old - fashioned
a a s aa
s
c) Long - lasting
a a d) Pre - owned
as
16.
P P add
Choose the word that has been wrongly spelt.
a P Paadd
a) crescendo
w
w .. b) discrepency
ww..
c) catastrophe d) absurdity
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17. Fill in the blanks with a suitable preposition.
ad
ee t
c) specialises in the study of genes
ee t d) has expertise in treating stomach disorders
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
19.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Choose the correct meaning of the idiom used in the given sentence.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Ramesh gave false excuses for not attending the function and took me for a ride.
assaa aa aa
w
a) deceived
a s s
b) irritated
dd a a s
c) surprised
dd a s d) confused
20.
P
.. Paa
Pick out the word that has four syllables.
P
.. Paa
w
SECTION - 1
Read the sets of poetic lines given and answer the questions that follow. 4x2=8
21. “But now they only laugh with their teeth, Poem - 1
eet t eet t
while their ice - block - cold eyes ............”.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a) Who are ‘They’?
la i
a.iN
.N
3b - (i) - a, b
l b)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Explain : ice - block - cold eyes. 3b - (i) - b
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Athletes who sweat for fun or hire”. Poem - 2
add
a aassaa
a) P
..P
Whom does the poet admire? 4 (a) - i
ww ww P
.. P
b)
wwww wwww
For what reason do the athletes sweat? 4 (a) - ii
371
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
23. “If this belief from heaven be sent,
l a i
a .iN
If such be Nature’s holy plan”. Poem - 3
l .N Poem
l a
l a .iN
.N
33. “Let’s talk of graves, of worms and epitaphs”.
i
: The Hollow Crown Poem 6
assaa a)
a s aa
s
What does ‘heaven’ refer to? 3 (iii) - a
aadd a
b) Why does the poet call it ‘holy’? 3 (iii) - b
Poet
aa a
dd s
a aa
s : William Shakespeare
Explanation : King Richard II talks about the
w P
.. P
24. “He sways his head from side to side,
w ww P
..P deadly grave and the worms which
are found in graves and epitaphs.
a) wwww
with movements like a snake;” Poem - 4
Explain the comparison made here.
App Q.No (iii) - a
wwww SECTION - 2
Answer any two of the following questions in not
more than 30 words. 2x3=6
b) Identify the figure of speech used here.
34. How was Mary Kom felicitated on her return to
et
e t eet t
App Q.No (iii) - d
India? Prose - 2, 2- h
lalai.iN
.N l l a
a) How do we react to defeat? B 2 - a
.iN
.N
25. “Defeat we repel, courage our fort; Poem - 5
a i l a i .iN
.N
35. What kind of absent - mindedness is regarded as a
l a
assaa saa
s ssaa
virtue by Lynd? Prose - 3, 2-g
aa
b) Which is considered as our stronghold? B 2 - b
aa
et
aadd
26. “”Our lands, our lives, and all, are Bolingbroke’s,
PP P Padd
36. Why did the clerk say that Bryson was not entitled
a
ww..
And nothing can we call our own but death”.
w
w .. to flyer miles? Prose - 6, A - 10
wwww wwww
SECTION - 3
.N
Poem - 6
a) Who is Bolingbroke? Ans : Boling broke is Answer any three of the following. 3x3=9
King Richard II’s rebellious cousin. 37. Complete the proverbs with the suitable words
given.
ai
b) Pick out the words in alliteration.
Ans : Lands - lives (a) A penny saved is a penny ________.
eet t SECTION - 2
eet t (borrowed, earned, invested)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Answer any three questions.al l a
l i
a .iN
.N 3x2=6
l a
l a .iN
.N
(b) Even the ________ have ears.
i
(floors, walls, windows)
assaa aa aa
27. The librarian said to the students, “Speak softly”.
a s
a s s s
(c) Every cloud has a silver ________.
a a
as
(Rewrite as reported speech)
aadd
Ans : The librarian instructed the students to
P P P Paadd
(lining, finish, border)
speak softly.
w
w .. ww..
38. Write a notice about the inauguration of a Laughter club
wwww wwww
28. No one has opened that house for several years. in your school. Prose - I, Notice Writing - a (iii)
ad
(Rewrite the sentence using passive voice) 39. Describe the process of making vegetable salad.
Ans : The house had not been opened for several Ans: Vegetable Salad
years by any one. Ingredients - Cabbage, Carrot, Onion, Tomato,
29. Ajay and Dinesh were too young to work in the Coriander Leaves, Pepper, Salt
t t
.P
ee t e
industry. (Change into a compound sentence)
e t 1. Wash all the vegetables
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Ans : Ajay and Dinesh were very young and so
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
2. Cut all the vegetable in equal size.
assaa aa aa
they could not work in the industry. 3. Put all vegetable in a bowl
w
30.
a s
a s
If you were a teacher, you would know the
dd a
dd s
a s
4. Sprinkle coriander leaves on it and mix well.
P
.. Paa
difficulties. (Rewrite the sentence beginning with
P
.. Paa5. Put pepper, salt to taste.
w
difficulties.
To: [email protected]
PART - III
Cc: [email protected]
SECTION - 1
t t
Explain any two of the following with reference
ee eet t Dear Seetha,
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
to the context.
31. “Once upon a time, Son
lal i
a.iN
.N
2x3=6
l a
l i
a .iN
I am very pleased to give you the tips so that you
.N
may pass with good percentage of marks. Since it is
assaa aa aa
the first Board Examination, it has an important role
dd s
a s
They used to laugh, with their hearts,”
a aass
in indeciding the course of your career. So please be
dd
P
..Paa
32. “Have I not reason to lament
Poem 1 - C - (1)
P
.. Paa
serious from the very beginning. Careful planning,
hard work and sincerity will give you Success.
ww ww
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What man has made of Man”? Poem 3 - 4 - C Sumathi yyyy
372
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N PART - IV
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Ans :
l a i
a .iN
.N
Note Making
The Aim of Education
l
assaa aa aa
41. Answer the following in a Paragraph of
about 150 words.
a
dd s
a s 7x5=35
a
dd s
a s I. Aim of education
a) enable human personality to grow
.. Paa
a) The grandmother played a vital role in the author’s
P
formative years. - Explain. Prose - I, 3- a P
..Paa b) aims at physical intellectual, spiritual
ww ww and moral development
wwww wwww
OR
II. Good health
b) How does Dr. Arignar Anna highlight the
importance of giving back to the Society? a) happiness in life
Prose - 5, C - 3 b) maintain good health
42. Answer the following in a paragraph of about 150 III. Games
et
e t
words.
eet t a) means of body exercise
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
a) How does the poet establish the victory
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
b) keep body healthy and strong
OR
assaa aa aa
of common-sense over ego in the poem
aass
“Confessions of a Born Spectator”? Poem 2, 3- a
as
as b) Frame a dialogue between two senior citizens
et
PPaadd
OR
P Padd
a chatting about how they spend their life
w ..
b) Describe the appearance and qualities of
w w
w .. after retirement from job. (Minimum of five
wwww wwww
exchanges)
.N
Macavity. Poem 4, c- (iii)
Ans : D ialogue between two senior citizens
43. Answer in a paragraph of about 150 words,
chatting about how they spend their life
developing the following hints. after retirement from job.
ai
a) Philip Sletherby - Politician - Brillmanor - meet - SRC I : Hello David, How are you?
eet t eet t
Mrs. Saltpen Jago - London - Re-election - young SRC II : I am fine Peter; How is life going for you?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al a i
a .iN
man - Bestie - Needed three pounds - Mistaken
.N
- fraud - Jago Crest - demilion - “Seeing is
l l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
SRC I : Oh its really boring
assaa aa aa
believing”. Sup - 2 (4-e) SRC II : Why don’t you engage yourself in something
a s
a s a s
a s useful?
as
P P
OR
aadd
b) Jack and Jill - happy married couple - Villa New
P Paadd
SRC I : I have to think about it.
w
w ..
Hampsted - Aunt Jane visits - much surprised -
ww.. SRC II : There is a library near the bank. You can go
wwww wwww
furniture - Lovely house - instalment basis - Aunt and spend your time in reading.
ad
Jane cannot believe - Jack explains borrow Thrift SRC I : Oh! Its a good idea.
and Providence Trust Corporation Aunt Jane - SRC II : Yes, you can spend your time usefully there
Leaves house - on foot - gives cheque - They try by reading magazines and etc.
to own baby. Sup - 6 (see the essay portion) SRC I : Thank you for your advice.
t t
.P
ee t
44.a) Make notes or summarise the following
ee t SRC II : Alright, you can go to the library from
l a
l i
a .iN
.N passage.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
tomorrow onwards.
assaa aa aa
The aim of education is to enable the human SRC I : Yes, tomorrow I will surely go there.
w
a
dd s
a s
personality to grow to its status in full. Man has
a s
a s
45. a) Respond to the given advertisement with Bio-
dd
P
.. Paa
a body, mind and spirit. Accordingly, education
P
.. Paa Data. (Write XXX for the name and YYY for the
w
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
are excellent means of body exercise. Keep
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Royal Pvt. Ltd, 55, Royal Street, Chennai.
assaa aa aa
the body healthy and strong. There are many
a s s
games like Hockey, Football, Tennis etc. and
dd a ddaass See Prose 5 - Letter Writing Formal Letters - 4
OR
P
..Pa
other games like Kabaddi, Hide and Seek etc. If
a
a man wants to develop his personality he has
P
.. Paa b) Write a letter to the Chief Reservation Supervisor
ww
to keep his body healthy. Players always have a
ww of Railways requesting him to grant concession
wwww wwww
better appetite and a better digestion. So work
and play should be fairly balanced.
for your educational tour. See Prose 5 - LV - 4
373
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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ww
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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
46. (a)
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N Packet
i) The doctor advised his patient to take out the ___________
l a i
a .iN
.N Pocket and
of cigarette he had in his ___________
l
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
throw it in the dustbin. [Pocket / Packet]
a a
dd a a
dd a
would have visited (visit) the exhibition.
ii) If we had time, we _____________________
a aa
P
.. P
[Use the correct tense form of the verb]
ww ww P
..P
used to meet everyday. When they lived in the same town.
iii) The sisters ___________
wwww wwww
(Fill in the blank with the suitable semi - modal verb)
while / when your are eating.
iv) Don’t talk _______________
[Fill in the blank with a suitable conjunction]
OR
et
e t eet t
b) Read the following sentences, spot the errors and rewrite the sentences correctly.
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
i) Neither of the boys are guilty. Ans : is
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa saa
s ssaa
ii) Balaji is junior than me. Ans : to
aa aa
et
iii) O
aadd
ur teacher gives us a lot of advices.
PP P Padd
Ans : advice
a
ww..
iv) The quality of the mangoes were good. Ans : was
w
w ..
wwww wwww
.N
he tourists took much photos during their trip. Ans : many
v) T
47. Read the following passage and answer the questions in your own words.
a) Many people are unsuccessful because of their subconscious mind. Human brain is like a powerful computer.
ai
Everything starts from our brain. Whatever you have been learning since your birth is stored in your brain.
eet t t t
There are two types of thinking - positive and negative. All the above things are considered as programming.
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
Thus to be a successful person, you have to change your mental programming. You will achieve success
i i
after diluting the negative programming from your brain. Brain is a machine of thoughts which never stops
assaa s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
and hence carries out activities continuously. You have to leave your negative thinking which is a hindrance for
a
as
P Paadd P Paadd
your progress. Anger, tension and hatred are negative things. You must avoid all these as they lead us in the
direction of failure. The positive things are faith, love, honour, praise and to achieve high dream, say I can do!
w
w .. ww..
Whatever commands you give your brain, it will do the same.
wwww
Questions:
wwww
ad
ee t ee t
Ans : Human brain is like a powerful computer.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l l i
a.iN
.N
iii) Mention some of the positive things that one should follow.
a l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Ans : The positive things are faith, love, honour, praise and to achieve high dream, say I can do! Whatever
assaa aa aa
w
a
dd s
a s
commands you give your brain, it will do the same.
a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa
iv) What should be done to be a successful person?
P
.. Paa
w
OR
b) Write a paragraph of 150 words on “My ambition in Life”. General Paragraph Qns - 3
t t t t
♦
i .iN
.Nee i.iN
.Nee i .iN
.N
l a
l a lal a l a
l a
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
374
eet t eet t
aai.iN
.N aai.iN.N aai.iN
.N
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