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Introduction Slides

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Lohith Reddy A
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© © All Rights Reserved
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19EEC236 Analog and Digital Communications

Dr. Manoj Kumar Panda

Introduction
Textbooks:
[1] Simon Haykin, Michael Moher, Introduction to Analog and
Digital Communications, 2/e Wiley, 2007.

[2] P. Rama Krishna Rao, Analog Communication 1/e, Tata McGraw


Hill, 2011.
Outline of the Course
Communication Systems

What is communication?
What are its essential elements of a communication system?
Analog Vs. Digital Communication Systems

Modulation

What is modulation?
Why is modulation required?

Trade-offs: Robustness Against Noise vs. Power Ef ciency vs. Bandwidth Ef ciency vs.
Cost

Different Modulation Schemes


What is Communication?
It is the transmission of information from one location to another
In communications engineering information means that which reduces
uncertainty about the outcome of some random variable or process
You will learn more about this in Information Theory and Coding
Outline of the Course
Communication Systems

What is communication?
What are the elements of a communication system?
Analog Vs. Digital Communication Systems

Modulation

What is modulation?
Why is modulation required?

Trade-offs: Robustness Against Noise vs. Power Ef ciency vs. Bandwidth Ef ciency vs.
Cost

Different Modulation Schemes


Elements of a Communication System

Information Source: produces information in the form of speech, music, images,


videos, text, numbers, etc., which is converted into electrical signals by a transducer
Elements of a Communication System
Transmitter: puts this information-bearing electrical signals or message into a form
that is suitable for transmission over the channel

Must t the signal into the available channel

Channel: carries the output signal of the transmitter to the receiver, e.g., wired or
wireless

Impairments introduced by the channel include attenuation, distortion due


to limited bandwidth and interference, and noise

Receiver: undoes the impairments introduced by the channel and tries to recover
the best estimate of the transmitted signal
Outline of the Course
Communication Systems

What is communication?
What are the elements of a communication system?
Analog Vs. Digital Communication Systems

Modulation

What is modulation?
Why is modulation required?

Trade-offs: Robustness Against Noise vs. Power Ef ciency vs. Bandwidth Ef ciency vs.
Cost

Different Modulation Schemes


Modulation
Information-bearing signals cannot be transmitted directly

A preprocessing stage called modulation is required to make the information-


bearing signals suitable for transmission on the channel

Modulation enables multiplexing and demultiplexing


Modulation reduces antenna size
Modulation helps hardware implementation
Outline of the Course
Communication Systems

What is communication?
What are the elements of a communication system?
Analog Vs. Digital Communication Systems

Modulation

What is modulation?
Why is modulation required?

Trade-offs: Robustness Against Noise vs. Power Ef ciency vs. Bandwidth Ef ciency vs.
Cost

Different Modulation Schemes


Di erent Modulation Schemes
Analog Continuous Wave (CW) Modulation

amplitude, frequency and phase

Analog Pulse Modulation

amplitude, width and position

Digital Pulse Modulation

PCM, DM, DPCM

Digital Modulation

amplitude, frequency, phase, etc.

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