311/2

HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT

PAPER 2

MARCH/APRIL 2023
TIME 2 ½ Hours

SUKELLEMO PRE-MOCK TERM 1, 2023

FORM 4

NAME:_____________________________________________________ OPT …………………………

CLASS:_______ ADM NO:___________ INDEX NO:_________________ TEACHER:_____________

INSTRUCTIONS
 This paper consists of three section A,B and C
 Answer all the questions in section A, any three in section B and any two in section C

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

SECTION QSTN MAX SCORE

A. (25 MARKS) 1-17 25

18 10

19 15

B. (45 MARKS) 20 15

21 15

C. (30 MARKS) 22 15

23 15

24 15

GRAND TOTAL 100%

1|Page SUKELLEMO PREMOCK EXAM HISTORY PAPER 2

FORM 4 MARCH/APRIL, 2023
SECTION A (25 MARKS)
1. Give two methods used by elders to pass information to the young generation on History
and Government in the traditional African communities. (2mks)

2. State two disadvantages of using caves as shelters by the early human beings during the
stone age period. (2mks)

3. State two negative effects of the land enclosure system in Britain during the 18th
Century. (2mks)

4. Give the main reason why the camel was preferred as the means of transport during the
Trans-Saharan Trade. (1mk)

5. Outline one role that was played bt the middlemen during the Trans-Atlantic
Trade. (1mk)

6. Give two main features of the Romen roads by 300 AD. (2mks)

7. Give two benefits of the development of the railway transport in Europe during the 19th
century. (2mks)

8. State two advantages of using fire and smoke signals to pass messages in traditional
societies. (2mks)

9. State one ways in which the growth of the city of Cairo was influenced by the River
Nile. (1mk)

10. Identify one symbol of unity in the Shona kingdom during the pre-colonial period. (1mk)

11. Name the leader of the Lozi who collaborated with the British in the late 19th
Century. (1mk)

12. Identify two Europeans activities in Africa during the 19th Century. (2mks)

13. Outline two similar methods used to recruit African labour in the British and French
colonies in Africa. (2mks)

14. State one economic problem that was experienced by the British colonialists in
Nigeria. (1mk)

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FORM 4 MARCH/APRIL, 2023
15. Name the political party that led Ghana to independence from Britain in 1957. (1mk)

16. Identify one political reform introduced by Fredrick de clerk that led to the achievement
of black majority rule in South Africa. (1mk)

17. Name the country that was blamed for the outbreak of World war 1. (1mk)

SECTION B ( 45 MARKS)
18. a). State five stages of evolution of man. (5mks)
b). Describe the way of life of human being during the Late Stone Age period. (10mks)

19. a). State five disadvantages of using barter method of trade during the Trans-saharan
trade: (5mks)
b). Describe the organization of the Trans-saharan trade. (10mks)

20. a). Identify five forms of print media used in communication. (5mks)
b). Explain five positive effects of telecommunication in a society. (10mks)

21. a). State five factors that promoted nationalism in Ghana. (5mks)
b). Explain five factors that contribute to the success of the Front for the Liberation of the
Mozambique (FRELIMO) in the struggle for independence in Mozambique. (10mks)

SECTION C ( 30 MARKS)

22. a). Give three functions of Lukiiko in the Kingdom of Buganda during the pre-colonial
period. (3mks)
th
b). Discuss six factors that led to the growth of the Asante Empire by the 19
Century. (12mks)

23. a). Outline three reasons why the policy of assimilation was easily applied in the four
communes of Senegal. (3mks)
b). Explain six effects of the British direct rule in Zimbabwe. (12mks)

24. a). Give three reasons why the United States of America (USA) did not join the First
World War until 1917. (3mks)
b). Explain six effects of the First World War. (12mks)

3|Page SUKELLEMO PREMOCK EXAM HISTORY PAPER 2

FORM 4 MARCH/APRIL, 2023
311/2
HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
PAPER 2

MARCH/APRIL 2023
TIME 2 ½ Hours

SUKELLEMO PRE-MOCK TERM 1

FORM 4

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (25 MARKS)

1. Give two methods used by elders to pass information to the young generation on History
and Government in the traditional African communities. (2mks)
i) Through proverbs
ii) Through legends
iii) Through stories/folktales/narratives
iv) Through riddles
v) Through myths
vi) Dances

2. State two disadvantages of using caves as shelters by the early human beings during the
stone age period. (2mks)
i) The caves could collapse over them
ii) Wild creatures could bite them/animals
iii) Human enemies could easily attack them
iv) Caves were exposed to floods/wind/cold

3. State two negative effects of the land enclosure system in Britain during the 18th
Century. (2mks)
i) It displaced the poor people/landlessness
ii) It forced the poor people to migrate to urban centres
iii) It increased pauperism/poverty in Europe
iv) It created immigrants to other parts of the world.

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FORM 4 MARCH/APRIL, 2023
4. Give the main reason why the camel was preferred as the means of transport during the
Trans-Saharan Trade. (1mk)
i) It could withstand harsh desert conditions

5. Outline one role that was played bt the middlemen during the Trans-Atlantic
Trade. (1mk)
i) They transported goods to and from the interior/porters.
ii) They obtained goods in the interior
iii) They exchanged/traded with European traders at the coast.

6. Give two main features of the Romen roads by 300 AD. (2mks)
i) They were straight
ii) They were well drained
iii) They were durable
iv) They had bridges/channels

7. Give two benefits of the development of the railway transport in Europe during the 19th
century. (2mks)
i) Goods could be transported with ease
ii) It enabled trade to expand
iii) It led to the development of urban centres/towns
iv) It promoted industrialization
v) It created the employment opportunities
vi) It eased the movement of people
vii) It was source of government revenue
viii) It led to exploitation of natural resources such as mining, fisheries and forests.

8. State two advantages of using fire and smoke signals to pass messages in traditional
societies. (2mks)
i) Messages could only be understood by the communities using them/messages
were limited to the users.
ii) They conveyed messages faster.
iii) It was a cheaper method of sending messages
iv) Messages could reach many people /visibility

9. State two ways in which the growth of the city of Cairo was influenced by the River
Nile. (2mks)
i) It was used for transport
ii) It provided water for domestic/industrial use
iii) The Nile Valley was fertile/agriculture
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FORM 4 MARCH/APRIL, 2023
10. Identify one symbol of unity in the Shona kingdom during the pre-colonial period. (1mk)
i) Mwene Mutapa/king/emperor
ii) The Roral fire

11. Name the leader of the Lozi who collaborated with the British in the late 19th
Century. (1mk)
i) Lewanika

12. Identify two Europeans activities in Africa during the 19th Century. (2mks)
i) Trading/legitimate trade
ii) Spreading Christianity
iii) Exploring
iv) Establishing settlements
v) Establishing colonial rule/colonization
vi) Establishing Western education
vii) Establishing health facitities
viii) Mining
ix) Agriculture activities
x) Stopping slave trade and slavery

13. Outline two similar methods used to recruit African labour in the British and French
colonies in Africa. (2mks)
i) Imposition of taxes on Africans
ii) They used chiefs to recruit labour
iii) They introduced forced labour.

14. State one economic problem that was experienced by the British colonialists in
Nigeria. (1mk)
i) They lacked adequate funds
ii) Poor transport/communication undermined their work
iii) They lacked adequate skilled labour
15. Name the political party that led Ghana to independence from Britain in 1957. (1mk)
i) The Convention People’s Party (C.P.P)
16. Identify one political reform introduced by Fredrick de clerk that led to the achievement
of black majority rule in South Africa. (1mk)
i) He released all the political prisoners
ii) Appealed apartheid Laws. E.g Pass laws.
iii) Allowed Africans to join political parties/participate in elections
17. Name the country that was blamed for the outbreak of World war 1. (1mk)
i) Germany
6|Page SUKELLEMO PREMOCK EXAM HISTORY PAPER 2
FORM 4 MARCH/APRIL, 2023
SECTION B ( 45 MARKS)
18. a). State five stages of evolution of man. (5mks)
i) Aegyptopichecus (Egyptian ape)
ii) Dryopithecus africanus/Proconsul/woodland
iii) Kenyapichecus (Kenya ape) / Ramapithecus (Asian ape)
iv) Austrolopithecus (southern ape) Zinjathropus/Nutcrucker man
v) Homo habilis (handy man)
vi) Homo erectus (upright man)
vii) Homo sapien (intelligent man)
viii) Homo sapien sapiens (modern man)

b). Describe the way of life of human being during the Late Stone Age period. (10mks)
i) Microlithic tools were widely used which were more efficient/effective in
farming/hunting/defence
ii) They lived in more permanent shelter made of tree branches/leaves/grass which
protected them from harsh climatic conditions/wild animals.
iii) They practiced agriculture thus were ensured regular/adequate supply of food
iv) Man led a more sedentary life thereby enabling them to carry out other activities.
v) They developed a system of government in order to control the conduct of the
people
vi) They developed religious beliefs/practices which they used to explain mysteries
of nature/natural phenomena.

19. a). State five disadvantages of using barter method of trade during the Trans-saharan
trade: (5mks)
i) It only occurred when there was double coincidence of want
ii) Some goods were not divisible
iii) Lack of common language undermined it
iv) It lacked a common measure of value
v) Some goods were bulky/difficult to carry
vi) Some goods were perishable.

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FORM 4 MARCH/APRIL, 2023
 b). Describe the organization of the Trans-saharan trade. (5mks)
i) It involved the Berbers/Arabs from North Africa who traded with people of
Western Sudan.
ii) There were middlemen who coordinated trading activities between the two
regions/rich merchants from the North trade
iii) The Tuaregs guided/protected the traders from possible attacks
iv) The camels were used as the main means of transport across the desert
v) The traders were organized into caravans in order to enhance security across the
desert.
vi) Barter/silent trade was used as the traders lacked a common language.
vii) Trade goods were sourced from both North African and Western Sudan/Western
Africa/North Africa salt, horses, guns, clothes, mirrors, Western Sudan: slaves,
gold, kolanuts, ivory, animal skin, ostrich feathers.
viii) There were definite trade routes followed by the traders in order to avoid getting
lost.
ix) Kings/chiefs maintained law and order in their territory thereby creating a
conducive trading environment.
x) The traders made stops at the oasis to refresh themselves and let their camels
drink water.
xi) The rulers in Western Sudan regulated trade/controlled the amount of good/levied
taxes/received gifts.

20. a). Identify five forms of print media used in communication. (5mks)
i) Books
ii) Newspapers
iii) Magazines
iv) Journal/periodicals
v) Newsletters
vi) Brochures.
vii) Braille
viii) Posters

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FORM 4 MARCH/APRIL, 2023
 b). Explain five positive effects of telecommunication in a society. (10mks)
i) It enables storage of information for future use/reference
ii) It enables faster transmission of information hence saves time
iii) It provides entertainment/recreation thereby enabling positive use of leisure time
iv) It enhances reality as live pictures are transmitted to the viewers.
v) It promotes trade through e-commerce/e-banking/advertisement thus making

21. a). State five factors that promoted nationalism in Ghana. (5mks)
i) The unemployment of young educated people.
ii) The existence of elite
iii) High prices of consumer goods/the poor prices of cocoa
iv) The discontent of the ex-servicemen
v) Africans were denied trading licences
vi) Granting of independence to India/Pakistan
vii) Influence from Pan African Movement
viii) The declaration of UN Charter
ix) Inadequate representation in the legco
x) Forced taxation
xi) The decision by the British to built a university in Ibadan rather than in Ghana
caused discontent among the Ghanaians
xii) Loss of power of local traditional chiefs.
xiii) Need to guard against possible land alienation by the British united the Africans.
xiv) Forced cutting of the cocoa trees.
xv) Charistmatic leadership provided by Kwame Nkruma united the people

b). Explain five factors that contribute to the success of the Front for the Liberation of the
Mozambique (FRELIMO) in the struggle for independence in Mozambique. (10mks)
i) The local people supported the fighters thereby inspiring them
ii) FRELIMO cultivated its own food which ensured regular/steady supply to the
fighters.
iii) The FRELIMO fighters were familiar with the terrain which gave them advantage
over the Portuguese.
iv) Support by communist countries/USSR/China inform of
weapons/ammunition/finance enabled them to continue with the struggle.
v) The support given by the OAU to the FRELIMO encouraged the nationalists to
continue with the struggle.
vi) FRELIMO used guerilla warfare/tactics which made it difficult for the Portuguese
to defeat them
vii) The system of administration established in the liberated areas by FRELIMO
appealed to the Africans who in turn supported them
9|Page SUKELLEMO PREMOCK EXAM HISTORY PAPER 2
FORM 4 MARCH/APRIL, 2023
 viii) Friendly frontline states provided bases for operation making it difficult for the
Portuguese to suppress them
ix) The recognition of the women by FRELIMO
x) Elimination of ethinicity among the nationalists.
xi) FRELIMO strategy fo attacking from different points at the same time.
xii) The large army that outnumbered the Portuguese solders
xiii) Coup in Portugal in 1974 by soldiers who were against colonial wars.

SECTION C: (30 MARKS)

22. a). Give three functions of Lukiiko in the Kingdom of Buganda during the pre-colonial
period. (3mks)
i) It helped Kabaka in the administration
ii) It acted as final court of appeal/settled disputes
iii) It advised Kabaka
iv) It represented the people’s interests
v) It directed the budget/collection of taxes
vi) It made laws.
b). Discuss six factors that led to the growth of the Asante Empire by the 19th
Century. (12mks)
i) Tran-Atlantic trade generated a lot of wealth which enabled the empire to prosper.
ii) It had able/skilled/shrewd rulers who were courageous/development conscious
iii) They had a symbol of unity/golden stool which bonded the people together
iv) Centralized system of administration ensured stability as there was clear
command
v) Strong agricultural base ensured regular food supply leading to growth of
population.
vi) Presence of large/strong army provided defence/expanded the empire through
conquest.
vii) Availability of gold enabled the kingdom to generate wealth that was used for
further development.
viii) The Odwira Festival brought the leaders/people together thereby making the
empire more cohesive.
ix) The need to free themselves from the oppressive Denkiyra rule.
x) The unity of the Akan speaking people around Kumasi loyoko clan.

23. a). Outline three reasons why the policy of assimilation was easily applied in the four
communes of Senegal. (3mks)
i) The people had earlier interacted with the Europeans
ii) They had inter-married with the Europeans
iii) Most of the people were Christians
10 | P a g e S U K E L L E M O P R E M O C K E X A M H I S T O R Y P A P E R 2
FORM 4 MARCH/APRIL, 2023
 iv) People were exposed to the outside world due to the proximity to the Coast
v) People were detribalized/of mixed origin/mulatoes
vi) People in the communes had learnt how to speak French

b). Explain six effects of the British direct rule in Zimbabwe. (12mks)
i) Africans lost large tracts of land to the White settlers thereby straining relations
between the two groups.
ii) Introduction of forced labour as the White settlers required cheap labour in their
farms.
iii) Formation of African Nationalist movements to address their grievances against
White domination.’
iv) Loss of power by traditional rulers as the British appointed their own
administrators who ruled the people directly.
v) Imposition of taxes on Africans inorder to force them to provide labour to the
Whites so as to raise money.’
vi) Africans were exposed to deplorable working conditions which exposed them to
risks.
vii) Introduction of pass laws which restricted the movement of Africans.
viii) Africans were confined into reserves thereby creating room for European
settlement.
ix) Exploitation of mineral resources/agricultural resources for the benefit of the
colonial government at the expense of African development
x) Loss of independence by Africans as they wee subjected to British colonial rule.’
xi) It undermined African culture/introduction of Western education/Christianity and
separation of families.
xii) Africans were subjected to racial segregation.
xiii) It let to the development of transport and communication network.
xiv) Africans were subjected to poverty and suffering.

24. a). Give three reasons why the United states of America (USA) did not join the First
World War until 1917. (3mks)
i) The Monroe doctrine prohibited USA involvement
ii) She had commercial/trade relations with both alliances
iii) The war had not interfered with her interests before 1917
iv) Fear of revolt by her citizens of German descent/stirring a civil war in the
country.

++
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FORM 4 MARCH/APRIL, 2023
 b). Explain six effects of the First World War. (12mks)
i) It led to massive loss of human life as conflict between opposing camps continued
ii) There was massive destruction of property/infrastructure thereby causing a lot of
suffering/poverty/loss of livelihood.
iii) It led to the displacement of people thereby creating refugees/homeless people.
iv) It led to use of huge sums of money thereby weakening the economies of the
countries involved/buying weapons/recruitment and maintenance of
soldiers/building of roads and bridges for transportation of troops.
v) It led to food shortages as people joined the war.
vi) It created insecurity/fear, animosity/suspicious among people increased.
vii) USA emerged as the leading world power thereby upsetting the existing balance
of power in the world.
viii) It led to emergence of new nations e.g Hungary, Yugoslavia, Czachoslovakia,
Poland, states as some former states disintegrated.
ix) It led to formation of the League of Nations to maintain world peace
x) It led to the rise of nationalization of Africa and Asia.
xi) It led to spread of diseases such as STD’s and pheumonia/Spanish influenza.
xii) It led to advancement of surgery and manufacturing of pharmaceuticals.
xiii) It led to development of transport e.g aircraft and motor vehicles.
xiv) It led to the promotion of the status of women in Europe and USA
xv) Economic activities were disrupted/economic depression e.g farming industry
trade.
xvi) Germany’s overseas colonies an investment were taken over by the League.
xvii) The size of Germany was reduced by an eight (1/8) an her population by 6.4
million.
xviii) The political boundary of the Turkish Empire was reduced/Turkey lost Egypt,
Syria, Palestine.
xix) Germany and her allies were made to pay her way damages amount 6.5 billion
pounds or 136 billions marks.’
xx) Germany was to reduce her amy to 100,000 men/airforce disband

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