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Stoichiometry

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Mequanent Mengistu
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64 views

Stoichiometry

Uploaded by

Mequanent Mengistu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT-1

CHEMICAL REACTION AND STOICHIOMETERY

1.7 Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the calculation of the quantities of reactants or products in a


chemical reaction using the relationships found in the balanced chemical equation.
Stoichiometric calculations are based on the following two major principles.
A. The composition of any substance in the chemical equation should be expressed by
a definite formula.
B. The law of conservation of mass must be obeyed (the mass of reactants equals the
mass of products)
Note that stoichiometric calculations are done for balanced chemical
equations.Calculations based on chemical equations (stoichiometric problems) are
classified into
 mass-mass relationship
 volume-volume relationship and
 mass-volume problems.

1.7.1 Mass – Mass Relationship

In mass-mass problems, the mass of one substance is given, and the mass of the
second substance is determined from the same reaction. There are two methods for
solving such types of problems:
i) Mass-ratio method
ii) Mole-ratio method
Example:1. The thermite reaction is a very exothermic reaction which produces liquid
iron, given by the following balanced equation:

Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) ⟶ 2 Fe(l) + Al2O3(s)


If 5.00 g of iron is produced, how much iron (III) oxide was placed in the original
container?
Solution:-using mass ratio method
X 5.00g

Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) ⟶ 2 Fe(l) + Al2O3(s)


160g 2×56g
establish the proportion

1
X/160g = 5.00g/112g

X=5g×160g/ 112g
X=7.14g

Using Mole- ratio Method

Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) ⟶ 2 Fe(l) + Al2O3(s)

moles of Fe(l) = m/M = 5.00 g/56g/mol =0.0892mol

x/1mol = 0.0892mol/2mol

⟹ x = 0.0446 mol

Convert the moles into grams of

Mass of Fe2O3 produced = No. of moles Fe2O3 x molar mass Fe2O3

= 0.0446mol x 160g/mol = 7.14g

Example: 2. What mass of oxygen gas, O2, from the air is consumed in the
combustion of 702 g of octane, C8H18, one of the principal components of gasoline?

2C8 H18 + 25O2 ⟶ 16CO2 + 18H2O


Solution:-using mass ratio method
Molar mass of C8 H18 =12×8+18=114g/mol
702g X

2C8 H18 + 25O2 ⟶ 16CO2 + 18H2O


228g 800g
establish the proportion

702g/228g = X/800g

X=702g×800g/ 228g
X=2.46×103g

Using Mole- ratio Method

2C8 H18 + 25O2 ⟶ 16CO2 + 18H2O

moles of C8 H18= m/M = 702g/114g/mol =6.16mol

6.16mol/2mol = X/25mol

2
⟹ x = 77mol

Convert the moles into grams of Mass of O2 = No. of moles O2 x molar mass O2 =77mol x
3
32g/mol = 2.46 × 10 g

1.7.2 Volume-Volume Relationships

In this problem, the volume of one substance is given, and the volume of the second
substance is calculated from the same reaction.
Example: 4 What volume of oxygen will react with carbon monoxide to produce 20
liters of carbon dioxide at STP?
Solution
X 20L

2CO + O2 ⟶ 2CO2
22.4L 44.8L
X/22.4L=20L/44.88L
X=20L×22.4L/44.8L=10L

1.7.3 Mass–Volume Relationships

In mass-volume problems, either the mass of one substance is given and the volume of
the other is required or the volume of one substance is given and the mass of the other
one is required.
Example: How many grams of calcium carbonate are decomposed to produce 11.2 L
of carbon dioxide at STP?
Solution:-
Molar mass of CaCO3 =1×40+1×12+3×16=100g/mol
X 11.2L

CaCO3 ⟶ CaO +CO2


100g 22.4L
X/100g=11.2L/22.4L
X=11.2L×100g/22.4L
X=50g

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