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Binomial Distribution
Questions

Binomial distribution questions for Class 12 with

solutions are provided here for practice. Before
understanding the concept of the binomial
distribution, let us understand some facts about
binomial experiments. There are some sorts of
experiments which have only two possible
outcomes, either a “success” or a “failure” – these
types of random experiments are called binomial
experiments or “Bernoulli trials”. For example, the
experiment of tossing a coin and getting a head.

Thus, in a probability distribution, binomial

distribution denotes the success of a random
variable X in an n trials binomial experiment.
Following are the conditions to find binomial
distribution:

n is finite and defined.

Each trial has only two possible outcomes:

success and failure.

The result of each trial is independent of other

trials.

The probability of success and failure remains

the same in each trial.

Bernoulli’s Theorem for Binomial

Distribution
Let there be ‘n’ binomial experiment trials and let
the random variable X denote the success of these
trials. If p is the probability of success and 1 – p = q
is the probability of failure in each trial, then,

P(X = r) = nCr pr q(n – r)

As P(X) is the term of the binomial expansion of (p +

q)n, it is called the binomial distribution.

Note :

Sum of all probabilities in the distribution

sums up to 1

Probability of success in all n trials is pn

Probability of failure in all n trials is (1 – p)n =

qn

Probability of success in at least one trial =

P(X ≥ 1) = 1 – P(X = 0) = 1 – qn.

Probability of at least r successes = P(X ≥ r) =

∑knCk pk qn – k (k = r, r + 1,…, n)

Probability of at most r successes = P(X ≤ r) =

∑knCk pk qn – k (k = 0, 1, …, r)

If in n trials, the experiment is repeated N

times, the expected frequencies are N.P(r) for
r = 0, 1, 2, 3, …, n.

Learn more about binomial distribution.

Binomial Distribution Questions

with Solutions
Let us practice some important questions on
binomial distribution in probability.

Question 1:

Find the binomial distribution of getting a six in

three tosses of an unbiased dice.

Solution:

Let X be the random variable of getting six. Then X

can be 0, 1, 2, 3.

Here, n = 3

p = Probability of getting a six in a toss = ⅙

q = Probability of not getting a six in a toss = 1 – ⅙ =

⅚

P(X = 0) = nCr pr q(n – r) = 3C0 (⅙)0 (⅚)3 – 0

= 1 × 1 × 125/216 = 125/216

P(X = 1) = nCr pr q(n – r) = 3C1 (⅙)1 (⅚)3 – 1

= 3 × ⅙ × 25/36 = 25/72

P(X = 2) = nCr pr q(n – r) = 3C2 (⅙)2 (⅚)3 – 2

= 3 × 1/36 × ⅚ = 5/72

P(X = 3) = nCr pr q(n – r) = 3C3 (⅙)3 (⅚)3 – 3

= 1 × 1/216 × 1 = 1/216

The required binomial distribution of X is:

X 0 1 2 3

p(X) 125/216 25/72 5/72 1/216

Question 2:

Find the probability distribution of the number of

doublets in four throws of a pair of dice.

Solution:

There are 36 total possible outcomes for a throw of

dice, for which the following outcomes are the
success of the experiment: {(1,1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4),
(5, 5), (6, 6)}

p = probability of getting doublets = 6/36 = ⅙

q = probability of getting not getting doublets = 1 –

⅙=⅚

X: numbers of doublets, then X = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4.

P(X = 0) = nCr pr q(n – r) = 4C0 (⅙)0 (⅚)4 – 0

= 1 × 1 × 625/1296

P(X = 1) = nCr pr q(n – r) = 4C1 (⅙)1 (⅚)4 – 1

= 4 × ⅙ × 125/216 = 125/324

P(X = 2) = nCr pr q(n – r) = 4C2 (⅙)2 (⅚)4 – 2

= 6 × 1/36 × 25/36

= 25/216

P(X = 3) = nCr pr q(n – r) = 4C3 (⅙)3 (⅚)4 – 3

= 4 × 1/216 × ⅚ = 20/1296

P(X = 4) = nCr pr q(n – r) = 4C4 (⅙)4 (⅚)4 – 4

= 1 × 1/1296 × 1 = 1/1296.

∴ The required probability distribution is:

X 0 1 2 3 4

P(X 625/129 125/32 25/21 20/129 1/129

) 6 4 6 6 6

Question 3:

Find the probability of getting at least 5 times

head-on tossing an unbiased coin for 6 times by
using the binomial distribution.

Solution:

p = P(getting an head in a single toss) = ½

q = P(not getting an head in a single toss) = ½

X = successfully getting a head

P(X ≥ 5) = P(getting at least 5 heads) = P(X = 5) +

P(X = 6)

= 6C5 (½)5 (½)(6 – 5) + 6C6 (½)6 (½)6 – 6

= 6 × (½)6 + 1 × (½)6 = 7/24.

Hence, the probability of getting at least 5 heads is

7/24.

Question 4:

There are four fused bulbs in a lot of 10 good bulbs.

If three bulbs are drawn at random with
replacement, find the probability of distribution of
the number of fused bulbs drawn.

Solution:

This is a problem of binomial distribution as the

event of drawing a fused bulb is independent.

p = P(drawing a fused bulb) = 4/(10 + 4) = 2/7

q = P(drawing a bulb which is not fused) = 1 – 2/7 =

5/7

X = event of drawing a fused bulb

X can take up the values 0, 1, 2, 3

P(X = 0) = P(getting zero fused bulbs in all draws)

= nCr pr q(n – r)

= 3C0 (2/7)0 (5/7)(3 – 0)

= 1 × 1 × (125/343) = 125/343

P(X = 1) = P (getting one time fused bulb)

= nCr pr q(n – r)

= 3C1 (2/7)1 (5/7)(3 – 1)

= 3 × (2/7) × (25/49) = 150/343

P(X = 2) = P(getting two times fused bulbs)

= nCr pr q(n – r)

= 3C2 (2/7)2 (5/7)(3 – 2)

= 3 × 4/49 × (5/7) = 60/343

P(X = 3) = (P(getting three times fused bulb)

= nCr pr q(n – r)

= 3C3 (2/7)3 (5/7)(3 – 3)

= 1 × 8/343 × 1 = 8/343

The required probability distribution:

X 0 1 2 3

P(X) 125/343 150/343 60/343 8/343

Also Read:

Random Variables

Bayes Theorem

Mean and Variance of Random Variables

Question 5:

On average, every one out of 10 telephones is found

busy. Six telephone numbers are selected at
random. Find the probability that four of them will
be busy.

Solution:

Let X: event of getting a busy phone number

p = P(probability of getting a phone number busy)

= 1/10

q = P(probability of not getting a phone number

busy) = 9/10

The required probability = P(X = 4) = 6C4 p4 q(6 – 4)

= 15 × (1/10)4 × (9/10)2

= 15 × 81/106

= 0.001215.

Question 6:

An unbiased dice is thrown until three sixes are

obtained. Find the probability of obtaining the third
six in the sixth throw.

Solution:

Since each throw is independent of the previous

throws, we can apply the binomial distribution
formula to find the probability.

p = P(getting a six in a throw) = ⅙

q = P(not getting a six in a throw) = 1 – ⅙ = ⅚

According to the question, two sixes are already

obtained in the previous throws.

∴ Required probability = P(getting exactly two sixes

in five throws) × P(getting a six in the sixth throw)

= 5C2 p2q3 × 1C1p1 q 1 – 1

= 10 × (⅙)2 × (⅚)3 × 1 × (⅙)

= 10 × (⅙)3 × (⅚)3

= 625/23328.

Question 7:

The probability of a boy guessing a correct answer

is ¼. How many questions must he answer so that
the probability of guessing the correct answer at
least once is greater than ⅔?

Solution:

p = P(guessing a correct answer) = ¼

q = P(not guessing a correct answer) = ¾

Let him answers n number of questions, then

P(X ≥ 1) = P(guessing at least one correct answer

out of n questions) = 1 – P(no success) = 1 – qn

Given, 1 – qn > ⅔ 1 – (¾)n > ⅔

(¾)n < ⅓

Now, let us check the above inequality for different

values of n = 1, 2, 3, 4, …

When n = 1

¾≮⅓

When n = 2

(¾)2 ≮ ⅓

When n = 3

(¾)3 ≮ ⅓

When n = 4

(¾)4 < ⅓.

Thus, he must answer at least 4 questions.

Question 8:

When a biased coin is tossed, the probability of

getting a head 3 times more than the probability of
getting a tail. Find the probability distribution for
getting a tail, if the coin is tossed twice.

Solution:

Let the probability of getting a tail be p, then the

probability of getting a head will be 3p

Now, p + 3p = 1 p=¼

q = P(not getting a tail) = 1 – ¼ = ¾

X = event of getting a tail in a toss

Then, possible values of x will be 0, 1, 2

P(X = 0) = 2C0 p0 q2 – 0

= 1 × 1 × (¾)2

= 9/16

P(X = 1) = 2C1 p1 q2 – 1

= 2 × (¼) × (¾)

=⅜

P(X = 2) = 2C2 p2 q2 – 2

= 1 × (¼)2 × 1

= 1/16

The probability distribution for getting the tail is:

X 0 1 2

P(X) 9/16 3/8 1/16

Also try:Binomial Distribution Calculator

Question 9:

A bag contains 5 green balls and 3 red balls. If two

balls are drawn from the bag randomly with
replacement, find the probability distribution of the
number of green balls drawn.

Solution:

Let p = P(getting a green ball) = 5/(5 + 3) = 5/8

q = P(not getting a green ball) = 1 – 5/8 = 3/8

X = event of drawing the green ball, then the value

of X could be 0, 1, 2

P(X = 0) = Probability of getting no green ball = 2C0

p0 q2 – 0 = 1 × 1 × (3/8)2 = 9/64

P(X = 1) = Probability of getting one green ball = 2C1

p1 q2 – 1 = 2 × (⅝) × (⅜) = 15/32

P(X = 2) = Probability of getting 2 green balls = 2C2

p2 q2 – 2 = 1 × (⅝)2 × (⅜)0 = 25/64

The required probability distribution is:

X 0 1 2

P(X) 9/64 15/32 25/64

Question 10:

Find the probability distribution of getting the

number of fours in three throws of a dice. Also, find
the mean and variance of the distribution.

Solution:

Let, p = P(getting a four in a throw of dice) = ⅙

q = P(not getting a four in a throw of dice) = ⅚

X: number of four obtained, then the value of X

could be 0, 1, 2, 3.

P(X = 0) = 3C0 p0q3 – 0 = 1 × (⅚)3 = 125/216

P(X = 1) = 3C1 p1q3 – 1 = 3 × (⅙) × (⅚)2 = 75/216

P(X = 2) = 3C2 p2q3 – 2 = 1 × (⅙)2 × (⅚)3 – 2 = 15/216

P(X = 3) = 3C3 p3q3 – 3 = 1 × (⅙)3 × (⅚)3 – 3 = 1/216

The required probability distribution

X 0 1 2 3

P(X) 125/216 75/216 15/216 1/216

Mean = np = 3 × ⅙ = 1.2

Variance = npq = 3 × ⅙ × ⅚ = 5/12.

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Practice Problems on Binomial

Distribution
1. Find the binomial distribution of getting an even
number if an unbiased dice is thrown thrice.

2. How many times must a man toss an unbiased

coin to get at least one head is more than 90%?

3. Three cards are drawn with replacement from a

well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. Find the probability
distribution of the number of aces drawn. Also, find
the mean and variance of the distribution.

4. The probability of a trainee archer hitting the

target is ¼. If he takes 7 shots, what is the probability
of his hitting the target at least twice?

Learn about more concepts on probability simply

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