Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:IM-ENG U1-1STSEM-2022-2023

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Bayombong Campus

DEGREE PROGRAM BSCE COURSE NO. ENG U1

SPECIALIZATION COURSE TITLE ENGINEERING UTILITIES

YEAR LEVEL BSCE 3 TIME FRAME WK 16-17 IM 6

NO. NO.

I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE

Building Telecommunication System
II. LESSON TITLE
Building Telecommunication System
III. LESSON OVERVIEW
1. Introduction to Building Telecommunication Systems
2. Components of Telecommunication Systems
3. Design Principles of Telecommunication Systems
4. Installation Practices for Telecommunication Systems
IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOME
1. Understand the fundamental components and principles of building telecommunication
systems
2. Design and plan telecommunication infrastructure for various building types
3. Implement best practices for installing and maintaining telecommunication systems
4. Troubleshoot and resolve common issues in telecommunication networks

V. LESSON CONTENT

Building Telecommunication System

What is Telecommunication?
Telecommunication is communication a distance using electrical signals or
electromagnetic waves. It is also a collection of nodes and links to enable
telecommunication.

Examples of it are the telephone, network, the radio Broadcasting system, computer
networks and the Internet.

“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may
be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:IM-ENG U1-1STSEM-2022-2023

Types of Networks

Telephone Network
is a telecommunications network that connects Telephones, which allows
telephone calls between two or more parties, as well as newer features such as fax and
internet.

Radio broadcasting
is a transmission of audio (sound), sometimes with related metadata, by radio
waves intended to reach a wide audience. Stations are often affiliated with a radio
network which provides content in a common radio format, either in broadcast
syndication or simulcast or both.

A computer network
is a set of computers connected together for the purpose of sharing resources.

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be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:IM-ENG U1-1STSEM-2022-2023

The Internet
is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet
protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices.

Types of Transmission Media

Guided Media - It is also referred to as Wired or Bounded transmission media.

Signals being transmitted are directed and confined in a narrow pathway by
using physical links.

Features:
- High Speed
- Secure
- Used for comparatively shorter distances
There are also three Major Types:
a. Twisted Pair Cable
b. Coaxial Cable
c. Fiber Optic Cable

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be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:IM-ENG U1-1STSEM-2022-2023

Twisted Pair Cable

It consists of 2 separately insulated conductor wires wound about each other.
Generally, several such pairs are bundled together in a protective sheath. They are the
most widely used Transmission Media. Twisted Pair has two types:

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP):

This type of cable has the ability to block interference and does not depend on a
physical shield for this purpose. It is used for telephonicapplications.

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP):

This type of cable consists of a special jacket to block external interference. It is
used in fast-data-rate Ethernet and in voice and data channels of telephone lines.

Coaxial Cable
It has an outer plastic covering containing 2 parallel conductors each having a
separate insulated protection cover. The coaxial cable transmits information in two
modes: Baseband mode(dedicated cable bandwidth) and Broadband mode(cable
bandwidth is split into separate ranges). Cable TVs and analog television networks
widely use Coaxial cables.

Advantages:
- High Bandwidth
- Better noise Immunity
- Easy to install and expand
- Inexpensive
- Coaxial cable is very durable
-Best performance in short-distance transmission
Disadvantages:
- Single cable failure can disrupt the entire
network
- Long-distance signal loss is serious
- Signal leakage at the connection
- Speed fluctuation under heavy use

Optical Fiber Cable

It uses the concept of reflection of light through a core made up of glass or
plastic. The core is surrounded by a less dense glass or plastic covering called the
cladding. It is used for the transmission of large volumes of data. The cable can be
unidirectional or bidirectional. The WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexer) supports two
modes, namely unidirectional and bidirectional mode.

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be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
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NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:IM-ENG U1-1STSEM-2022-2023

Advantages:
- Increased capacity and bandwidth
- Lightweight
- Less signal attenuation
- Immunity to electromagnetic interference
- Resistance to corrosive materials
- Can be bundled together
- Better resistance to EMI
- Performs well over long distances
Disadvantages:
- Difficult to install and maintain
- High cost
- Fragile
- More expensive
- Difficult to install
- Easy to be cut and damaged

Unguided Media
It is also referred to as Wireless or Unbounded transmission media. No physical
medium is required for the transmission of electromagnetic signals.

Features:
- The signal is broadcasted through air
- Less Secure
- Used for larger distances

There are 4 types of Unguided Media

- Radio waves
- Microwaves
- Infrared
- Satellites

Radio Waves
These are easy to generate and can penetrate through buildings. The sending
and receiving antennas need not be aligned. Frequency Range:3KHz – 1GHz. AM and
FM radios and cordless phones use Radio waves for transmission.

Microwaves

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be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:IM-ENG U1-1STSEM-2022-2023

It is a line of sight transmission i.e. the sending and receiving antennas need to
be properly aligned with each other. The distance covered by the signal is directly
proportional to the height of the antenna. Frequency Range:1GHz – 300GHz. These are
majorly used for mobile phone communication and television distribution.

Infrared
Infrared waves are used for very short distance communication. They cannot
penetrate through obstacles. This prevents interference between systems. Frequency
Range:300GHz – 400THz. It is used in TV remotes, wireless mouse, keyboard, printer,
etc.

Satellite
Satellite is basically a self-contained communications system with the ability to
receive signals from Earth and to re transmit those signals back with the use of a
transponder(an integrated receiver) and transmitter of radio signals.

Structured cabling
It is the design and installation of a cabling system
that will support multiple hardware uses and be suitable for today's
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be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:IM-ENG U1-1STSEM-2022-2023

needs and those of the future. With a correctly installed system,

current and future requirements can be met, and hardware that is
added in the future will be supported.

Six Subsystems of a Structured Cabling System

- Horizontal Cabling
- Backbone Cabling
- Work Area
- Telecommunications Closet
- Equipment Room
- Entrance Facility

Horizontal Cabling
It is all the cabling between telecommunications outlet in a work area and
the horizontal cross-connect in the telecommunications closet, including
horizontal cable, mechanical terminations, jumpers and patch cords located in
the telecommunications room or telecommunications enclosure, multi-user
telecommunications outlet assemblies and consolidation points. This type of
wiring runs horizontally above ceilings or below floors in a building. In spite of the
cable types, the maximum distance allowed between devices is 90 meters. Extra
6 meters is allowed for patch cables at the telecommunication closet and in the
work area, but the combined length of these patch cables cannot exceed 10
meters.

Backbone Cabling
It is also known as vertical cabling. It offers the connectivity between
telecommunication rooms, equipment rooms, access provider spaces and entrance
facilities. The cable runs on the same floor, from floor to floor, and even between
buildings.Cable distance depends on the cable type and the connected facilities,
but twisted pair cable is limited to 90 meters.

“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may
be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:IM-ENG U1-1STSEM-2022-2023

Work Area
refers to space where cable components are used between communication
outlets and end-user telecommunications equipment. The cable components often
include station equipment (telephones, computers, etc.), patch cables and
communication outlets.

Telecommunications Closet
It is an enclosed area like a room or a cabinet to house telecommunications
equipment, distribution frames, cable terminations and cross connects. Each building
should have at least one wiring closet and the size of closet depends on the size of
service area.

Equipment Room
It is the centralized place to house equipment inside building telecommunications
systems (servers, switches, etc.) and mechanical terminations of the telecommunication
wiring system. Unlike the telecommunications closet, equipment room houses more
complex components.

Entrance Facility
Encompasses the cables, network demarcation point, connecting hardware,
protection devices and other equipment that connect to the access provider or private
network cabling. Connections are between outside plant and inside building cabling.

Wireless System
A wireless system uses an intrinsically open and unsecured radio channel for
transmission of user signaling and traffic between the base station and mobile stations.

Types of Wireless Networks

Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWAN)

WWANs are created through the use of mobile phone signals typically provided
and maintained by specific mobile phone (cellular) service providers. WWANs can
provide a way to stay connected even when away from other forms of network access.

Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)

WLAN are wireless networks that use radio waves. The backbone network
usually uses cables, with one or more wireless access points connecting the wireless
users to the wired network. The range of a WLAN can be anywhere from a single room
to an entire campus.

Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)

WPANs are short-range networks that use Bluetooth technology. They are
commonly used to interconnect compatible devices near a central location, such as a
desk. A WPAN has a typical range of about 30 feet.

“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may
be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:IM-ENG U1-1STSEM-2022-2023

Types of Renewable Power

A renewable energy source means energy that is sustainable something that
can't run out, or is endless, like the sun. When you hear the term 'alternative energy'
it's usually referring to renewable energy sources too. It means sources of energy that
are alternative to the most commonly used non-sustainable sources - like coal.

The most popular renewable energy sources currently are:

Solar Energy
Sunlight is one of our planet’s most abundant and freely available energy
resources. The amount of solar energy that reaches the earth’s surface in one hour is
more than the planet’s total energy requirements for a whole year. Although it sounds
like a perfect renewable energy source, the amount of solar energy we can use varies
according to the time of day and the season of the year as well as geographical location.
In the UK, solar energy is an increasingly popular way to supplement your energy usage.
Find out if it’s right for you by reading our guide to solar power.

Wind Energy
Wind is a plentiful source of clean energy. Wind farms are an increasingly
familiar sight in the UK with wind power making an ever-increasing contribution to the
National Grid. To harness electricity from wind energy, turbines are used to drive
generators which then feed electricity into the National Grid. Although domestic or ‘off-
grid’ generation systems are available, not every property is suitable for a domestic wind
turbine. Find out more about wind energy on our wind power page.

“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may
be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:IM-ENG U1-1STSEM-2022-2023

Hydro Energy
As a renewable energy resource, hydro power is one of the most commercially
developed. By building a dam or barrier, a large reservoir can be used to create a
controlled flow of water that will drive a turbine, generating electricity. This energy
source can often be more reliable than solar or wind power (especially if it's tidal rather
than river) and also allows electricity to be stored for use when demand reaches a
peak. Like wind energy, in certain situations hydro can be more viable as a commercial
energy source (dependant on type and compared to other sources of energy) but
depending very much on the type of property, it can be used for domestic, ‘off-grid’
generation. Find out more by visiting our hydro power page.

Tidal Energy
This is another form of hydro energy that uses twice-daily tidal currents to drive
turbine generators. Although tidal flow unlike some other hydro energy sources isn’t
constant, it is highly predictable and can therefore compensate for the periods when the
tide current is low. Find out more by visiting our marine energy page.

“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may
be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:IM-ENG U1-1STSEM-2022-2023

Geothermal Energy
By harnessing the natural heat below the earth’s surface, geothermal energy can
be used to heat homes directly or to generate electricity. Although it harnesses a power
directly below our feet, geothermal energy is of negligible importance in the UK
compared to countries such as Iceland, where geothermal heat is much more freely
available.

Biomass Energy
This is the
conversion of solid
fuel made from
plant
materials into
electricity.
Although

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NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:IM-ENG U1-1STSEM-2022-2023

fundamentally, biomass involves burning organic materials to produce electricity, and

nowadays this is a much cleaner, more energy-efficient process. By converting
agricultural, industrial and domestic waste into solid, liquid and gas fuel, biomass
generates power at a much lower economic and environmental cost.

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be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
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