Palestinian National Authority

The Ministry of Education & Higher Education

Directorate of Khan Younis

A training material
based on

English for Palestine

Prepared by
English Language Committee
( Eleventh Grade )
Compiled by :
Mr.Ashraf Al Behairi & Mrs. Samiha Abu Zaid
Supervised by
Mr. Haidar Abu Shaweesh , Mr. Majed Salah &
Mrs. Rola El Farra
Answered by :
Mr. Mohammed Ashour
Checked by:
Mr.Ashraf Al Behairi & Mr. Ismail El-Farra
‫ أدبي‬+ ‫مادة اثرائية للحادي عشر علمي‬
‫خان يونس‬

2017 -2018
1
 Unit 1/ Learning styles

Read the following passage then answer the questions that follow:
Visual learners prefer learning by seeing, either through reading or with pictures and other images. Aural
learners learn best by hearing words or music, while physical learners tend to use their bodies and sense of
touch (‘learning by doing’). No matter which of the three basic groups you are in, you may work best either
on your own or with others, but obviously it’s impossible to be both a social and a solitary learner.
In reality, though, a person’s own learning style is neither simple nor fixed. Each of us has a mixture of
learning styles. Many people find that they have one style that suits them best, while others use different
styles according to what they are studying.
A. Answer the following questions:
1. What are the forms of learning styles? / What are three basic learning styles?
Visual learners, Aural learners and physical learners.

2. How do visual learners improve their learning style?

By seeing, either through reading or with pictures and other images.
3. How do aural learners improve their learning style?
By hearing words or music .

B. Decide whether these sentences are True or False:

1. Charts are the most helpful for aural learners. ( F )
2. According to the text, it’s possible to be either a social or a solitary learner, but not both. ( T )
3. All of us have a mixture of learning styles. ( T )
4. Reading textbooks aloud is the most helpful for aural learners. ( T )
5. No matter which of the three basic styles you are in, you may work best either alone or with groups.(T )
6. A person’s own learning style is either simple or fixed. ( F )
7. All students have the same learning styles. ( F )
C. Complete the following:
1. Learners may be either social or solitary but not both. / Learners can't be both social and solitary but
either one of them.
2. Physical learners tend to learn by doing something practical
3. Some people vary their ways of studying according to the subject they are learning.
4. Listening to words and music is an example of aural learning style while doing exercise is an example
of physical learning one.
D. Circle the correct answer :
1. What is most helpful for aural learners? a) music and sounds b) written texts c) mind-maps
2. What is most helpful for visual learners? a) diagrams b) lectures c) loud reading
3. What is most helpful for physical learners? a) CDs b) exercise c) images
4. What is most helpful for visual learners? a) flash cards b) lectures c) loud reading
E. Which learning styles are most suitable for these students?
1. "I’d rather show you how to do it than explain it." Learning style: physical learners
2. "I’m quite good at hearing differences in how people speak." Learning style: aural learners
3. "I find it hard to focus on my own. Can I study with you, please?" Learning style: social learners_
4. "I often draw diagrams to help me understand ideas." Learning style: visual learners
F. Write what the underlined words or pronouns refer to:
1. their ( line 2 ) : physical learners 2. them ( line 6 ) : Many people
3. others ( line 6 ) : other people
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Read the following text then answer the questions below:
Tips for smarter learning
Traditionally, schools tend to use particular teaching methods (either visual or aural, using books, CDs
and written tests). Pupils who learn well with these styles are often seen as ‘clever’, while those who
use different styles may find themselves in lower classes, labelled as ‘slow learners’. In reality, they
may be neither slow nor especially clever, but if they are treated differently, they may begin to believe
the label that others put on them.
But it doesn’t have to be that way. Becoming more aware of your personal learning style can help you to
take control of your learning by using techniques that work well for you. For example, here are some
tips on how to adapt your study to your learning style:
Visual learners
➜ Turn your notes into pictures, charts or diagrams.
➜ Don’t have things around you that might distract your attention.
➜ Look at general ideas first before focusing on details.
➜ Use mind-maps, spidergrams, etc instead of written notes.
Aural learners
➜ Record lectures or lessons to listen to later.
➜ Discuss ideas with other students.
➜ Read textbooks aloud (when you’re alone!).
➜ Listen to quiet music while studying.
Physical learners
➜ Take frequent breaks when studying alone.
➜ Learn new material while doing something active (e.g. exercise).
➜ Work while standing up.
➜ Take subjects that include practical activities and fieldwork.
Answer the following answers"
1. What teaching methods do schools tend to use?
Visual or aural, using books, CDs and written tests
2. There are two labels to learners who learn well with visual or aural and those who use different
styles. What are they?
a) Clever learners b) Slow learners
3. What can help you to take control of your learning?
Becoming more aware of my personal learning style
Write what the underlined words or pronouns refer to:
these styles ( line 2) : visual or aural, using books, CDs and written tests
they ( line 3 ) : Slow learners
Here are some more pieces of advice. Which types of learner are they for?
1. Repeat material aloud in your own words. Aural learners
2. Use flash cards when studying vocabulary. Visual learners
3. Use coloured pens to highlight important ideas. Visual learners
4. Do something with your hands while studying. Physical learners

Replace the underlined words in these sentences with words from the text.
1. There are several different ways of solving this problem. methods
2. If you are called a clever child, people expect you to do well. labelled
3. She asked me for some pieces of advice about the best way to solve the problem. tips
4. Teachers sometimes change material to suit the needs of their students. adapt
5. Shall we look at the general idea first and leave the small points till later? details
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Passage two
Read the text about education and complete the tasks below. (15 marks)
Education in many countries is compulsory for children up to about the age of sixteen. Most young
people stay in school longer than that. Most graduate from high school at the age of seventeen or
eighteen.
Almost half of these high school graduates continue, their education at a college or university.
Education for most young people in these countries is free up to the time they graduate from high
school. There are private schools, but most parents send their children to public schools, where students
do not pay tuition. When young people go to college, however, they must pay tuition at a public
university or a private university. University costs are going up a lot. private universities have become
very expensive because the government does not help the private schools.
Who pays? The parents of children in college may have to pay more, or often the students may
have to find jobs. These students have to worry about assignments and grades also about their jobs. If
they work too much at their jobs, they may be absent from class or miss assignments or make too many
errors on tests. They may even fail their courses and have to leave the university.
A. Answer the following questions. (4 points)
1. Why do most parents send their children to public schools?
They do not pay tuition.
2. Why have the private university costs become expensive?
Because the government does not help them.
B. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False. (4 points)
1. University education is free. ( F )
2. Nearly 50% of high school graduates continue their education at a collage or a university.( T )
C. Give words from the passage that have almost the same meaning as. (3 points)
1. homework assignments 2.mistakes errors
D. What does each of the following pronouns refer to? (3 points)
1.they (line 7) young people 2.they (line 12) students
E. The word' compulsory ' (line 1) means. (1 point)
a. obligatory b. unnecessary c. useless

Language and vocabulary study

Match the words and phrases in the box with their meanings:
ways – called – pieces of advice – change – small points –
occupation – qualification – higher Education – required field
1. methods : ways 6. details: small points
2. tips: pieces of advice 7. labelled : called
3. adapt: change 8. degree or other certificate: qualification
4. job : occupation 9. college or university study: higher Education
5. you must fill in this part: required field
Complete the sentences with words from the box:
adapt – tips – according – methods – tend – details – solitary – labelled – visual learners
1 She asked me for some tips about the best way to solve the problem.
2 Teachers sometimes adapt material to suit the needs of their students.
3 Shall we look at the general idea first and leave the details till later?
4 If you are labelled a clever child, people expect you to do well.

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5 There are several different methods of solving this problem
6 Visual learners prefer learning by seeing, either through reading or with pictures and other images.
7 Learners may be either social or solitary but not both.
8 Some people vary their ways of studying according to the subject they are learning
9 Physical learners tend to learn by doing something practical

Match the words and phrases in the box with their meanings:
as an answer – especially – overall – really, actually – I think –
expressing the idea differently – summarising the point

1. In general: overall 5. in fact: really, actually

2. In other words: expressing the idea differently 6. in particular: especially
3. in response: as an answer 7. In my opinion : I think
4. in short: summarizing the point

Complete the sentences with words from the box:

in general – in particular – In my opinion – in short – in response – In other words – in fact

1 I don’t think that idea is very practical. In other words I don’t think it will work.
2 It is interesting, well-written and clever in short a great book.
3 In my opinion, this is the wrong way to solve the problem.
4 I like reading all kinds of books but in particular short stories.
5 He wrote a letter in response to the advert.
6 People think he’s unfriendly but in fact he’s just shy.
7 In general students respond well to this teaching method

Match each phrase in the box with two of the definitions below:
come into – break into – go in – turn into – take in

1. enter (literal) : go in
2. give someone a place to live (literal) : take in
3. enter a building by force (literal) : break into
4. change direction and enter (literal): turn into
5. enter (a room) (literal) : come into
Match each phrase in the box with two of the definitions below:
come into – break into – go in – turn into – take in
1. receive when someone dies (non-literal) : come into
2. enter the brain (non-literal) : go in
3. interrupt (non-literal) : break into
4. change something into a different form (non-literal) : turn into
5. hear and understand (non-literal) : take in

5
Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs from the box:
came into – break into – go in – fall into – turned into – took in
1. I turned into a side street.
2. When I just read written notes, the information won’t go in
3. Thieves sometimes break into houses.
4. While my parents were away, my grandparents took me in
5. My father was quite rich and I came into a lot of money when he died.
6. Which age group do you fall into 18 to 20, 21 to 25, or over 25?
Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs from the box:
fell into – came into – broke into – go in – turning into – take in
1. He came into my office and sat down facing me.
2. turning written notes into diagrams helps some learners.
3. Just knock on the door and go in
4. I fell into the river yesterday.
5. He broke into the conversation to offer a suggestion.
6. I wasn’t listening properly so I didn’t take in what she said.
Decide which meaning is literal and which is non-literal. Write L (literal) or NL (non-literal)
beside each sentence.
1. Mona came into a large fortune when her uncle died. NL
2. Water turns into ice when you freeze it. NL
3. The road was blocked, so they turned into a narrow path. L
4. He was homeless, so we took him in. L
5. My brother came into my room and sat next to me. L
6. His house was broken into by burglars last week. L
7. Please, don’t break into my speech while I am speaking. NL
8. While my friend was playing football, he fell into the ground. L
9. The ideas were too complex. I read them again and again, but they didn’t go in. NL
10. My sister knocked on the door and went in. L
11. The film was turned into a successful Hollywood film. NL
12. Palestine and Jordan fall into Asia. NL
13. I hope you are taking in what I am saying. NL
Complete the sentences with words from the box:
focus – hold – pay – distract – turn
1. This is very important, so please pay attention.
2. I prefer studying in silence so that there’s nothing to distract my attention.
3. Some parts of the text are underlined to focus the reader’s attention on them.
4. Now that we’ve discussed the present situation, can we turn our attention to the future?
5. The story was a bit boring and it didn’t hold my attention.
Complete the sentences with words from the box:
focused – held – pay – distract – turned
1. Please pay attention and listen carefully to what I am saying.
2. She turned her attention to a new problem.
3. Our attention was held throughout his long talk.
4. Don’t distract my attention – I’m studying.

6
 5. While the teacher was explaining the lesson, he focused on the last point.
Complete the sentences using "make or do"
1. It’s been hot for so long that this cooler weather will make a nice change.
2. I needed help so I asked him to do me a favour
3. If you want to be healthy you need to do more physical exercise.
4. You can make efforts to improve your learning.
5. He joined the army because he wanted to do his duty to the country.
6. It’s not fair that I have to do the housework while my brother watches TV.
7. It doesn’t matter if you make a mistake. Just do your best.
8. The company needs to sell more products to make profit and compete in the market.
9. He’s quite shy and finds it difficult to make friends.
10-We’ve discussed this for long enough. Now we need to make a decision .01
Complete the grammar rules
1 We use both … and to talk about … B a. two negative or impossible ideas or choices.
2 We use either … or to talk about … C b. two true facts or ideas.
3 We use neither … nor to talk about … A c. two possible ideas or choices.

Fill the gaps in these sentences with both … and, either … or or neither … nor.
1. Labelling a student as ‘a slow learner’ is both unhelpful and unfair.
2. Neither A nor C is correct, so the right answer is B.
3. In this country, 16-year-olds can either stay at school or leave and get a job.
4. The plan has both advantages and disadvantages.
5. Either you support me or you’re against me. There’s no middle way.
6. I neither agree nor disagree with what she says. I don’t know enough about the subject.
7. Everyone was worried. Neither his friends nor his family knew where he was.
8. You can either phone or send an email. Which way is easier for you?
9. Both Ahmad and his brother are studying at university.
10. The book is neither funny nor exciting. I didn’t enjoy it at all.
11. The person in the photo is either a singer or an artist. I can’t remember which.
Rewrite the sentences as one sentence, using both … and, either … or or neither … nor.
1. It is impossible to be a social learner and a solitary learner at the same time. (both … and)
It is impossible to be both a social learner and a solitary learner.
2. Individual learning styles are not simple. Also, they are not fixed. (neither … nor)
Individual learning styles are neither simple nor fixed
3. You may work best on your own. Or you may work best with others. (either … or)
You may work best either on your own or with others.
4. This way of learning is useful. It’s also fun. (both … and)
This way of learning is both useful and fun
5. His suggestion wasn’t helpful. Also, it wasn’t practical. (neither … nor)
His suggestion was neither helpful nor practical.
6. Students don’t like the new system. Their parents agree with them. (neither … nor)
Neither the students nor their parents like the new system.
7. All learners belong to one of two groups. Some are solitary, others are social. (either … or)
All learners are either solitary or social

7
 8. You need to focus on the general idea. You need to focus on details too. (both … and)
You need to focus on both the general idea and the details
9. We can stop and have a break. Or we can keep working. (either … or)
We can either stop and have a break or we can keep working.
10. You must study hard. You will not get high marks. (either … or)
You must either study hard or you will not get high marks.
11. He doesn’t understand the lesson. He doesn’t ask his teacher. (neither … nor)
He neither understands the lesson nor he asks his teacher.
Choose the correct answer:
1. Neither the president nor his helpers_________________ ( was / were ) present.
2. Either he or I _________________ ( am / is / are ) on the right side.
3. Both Ali and Ahmed_________________ ( likes / like ) mangoes.

Writing
For the scientific stream only ‫للفرع العلمي فقط‬
Distance learning is learning when you aren’t in the place your class is. Write a topic about distance
learning, advantages and disadvantages.
The following questions may help you:
 What do you think distance learning is?
 What are its advantages?
 What do you think its disadvantages are?
Distance learning is done online. Although this kind of learning has advantages, it also has
disadvantages.

On the one hand , many reasons can drive you to such a kind of learning. Among of them, you can
study from home, so you can choose when you study. You can access global resources from home.
Moreover, you can learn while working, so you won't stop getting a regular income and experience.
And It also saves time, effort and money.

On the other hand, this kind distracts you from the main purpose of learning. You can't get the instant
feedback from your teacher. In addition, your ideas and questions will have to be discussed on the
internet because it can't offer you a classroom environment to interact with other learners.

To sum up, you need to think carefully about your needs, time, aims and abilities before starting such
a kind of learning.

Think about what subject or skill you might like to study on a distance learning course. Then write a
paragraph about yourself.
1- What is your name , age and occupation ?
2- What are your higher education qualifications ?
3- What are the main reasons for joining the course ?
4- Tell us about your area of interest and your preferred hours of working .
5- What is your full address ?

8
 For the scientific stream only ‫للفرع العلمي فقط‬
A few days ago, I read about some distance learning courses in an advert . I found some
interesting ones, so I am thinking of taking one of these courses.

I'm Ali Ashour. I've got a BA in English language. I’m 26 now and I work as a teacher of
English language . Actually, I want to improve my chances of getting a better job. Therefore,
I think a course in teaching methods would be a great help.

Obviously, I’d rather study in my free time because I work during the day. Finally, I have to
mention that I live in Jalal Street, Khanyounis, Palestine. I guess my contact details are also
needed , so here is my phone number: 0599887766, and my email is: [email protected].

For the literary stream only ‫للفرع االدبي فقط‬

Name: Ali Ashour

Age: 25

Occupation: teacher

Higher Education Qualification: BA in English Language

Main reason for doing the course: to improve my chances of getting a better job

Area(s) of interest: teaching methods

Preferred hours (delete as appropriate) FULL TIME / PART TIME

Postal address: Jalal Street

Khanyounis

Palestine

Email: [email protected]

Phone (home/work): 082099887

(mobile): 0599887766

9
 Unit 2/ Education for success
Read the following passage then answer the questions that follow:
Education Ministers who are hoping to improve their school systems often look at Finland and Taiwan.
The first is a small country in northern Europe with a cold climate and a language hardly anyone else
speaks; the second is a very small island that until fairly recently had high levels of poverty and
population. Yet today both of these countries come out at or near the top in international surveys of
economic success. Year after year, they also score highly in educational results. Can this be an accident,
or is there a connection? Finnish Education Minister Tuula Hattingen certainly believes there is. ‘In
Finland, we believe we have to invest in education,’ she says. One reason she offers for Finland’s
success is that students don’t begin ‘real’ school until they are 7, and all students between 7 and 16 get
the same education. ‘We don’t divide at an early stage between students who do well and those that
don’t manage so well,’ she explains. ‘Studies show that it is dangerous to divide too early into different
educational paths. ‘Like Finland, Taiwan has nine years of compulsory education, after which (in both
countries), students choose either an academic or vocational path. Very few choose to leave school in
either country. One important difference, however, is in national tests, which are very important in
Taiwan but much less so in Finland. Can other countries learn from the Finnish and Taiwanese
experience? There are surely some lessons that can be learnt as long as we remember that just applying
one country’s system to another isn’t a simple solution to all problems.
A. Answer the following questions:
1. Where do education ministers often look if they want to improve their school systems?
At Finland and Taiwan
2. Describe Finland.
It is a small country in northern Europe with a cold climate and a language hardly anyone else speaks
3. Describe Taiwan.
It is a very small island that until fairly recently had high levels of poverty and population
3. Finnish Education Minister offers one reason for Finland’s success. What is it?
Students don’t begin ‘real’ school until they are 7, and all students between 7 and 16 get the same
education
4. How many years of compulsory education do both Finland and Taiwan have? Nine years
5. What is the main difference between Finland’s and Taiwan’s educational system?
It is in national tests, which are very important in Taiwan but much less so in Finland
6. There are two similarities between Finland’s and Taiwan’s educational system. What are they?
a)They both have nine years of compulsory education.
b) After these years, students choose either an academic or vocational path
B. Decide whether these sentences are True or False or Doesn't say:
1. Today Finland and Taiwan come out at or near the top in international surveys of economic success. ( T )
2. The writer suggests that the economic success of Finland and Taiwan is rather surprising. ( T )
3. Finnish language is difficult for anyone else to speak. ( T )
4. The writer believes there is no connection between education and economic success. ( F )
5. Tuula Haatainen thinks clever students should have special lessons. ( F )
6. The education systems in Finland and Taiwan have more differences than similarities. ( DS )
7. In Finland and Taiwan, students choose either an academic or vocational path. ( T )
8.The writer says that other countries should copy the education systems of Finland and Taiwan. ( F )

C. Choose the correct answer from the text:

1. _________________________has / have nine years of compulsory education.
a) Taiwan b) Finland c) Finland and Taiwan

11
2. The best title to the text is _________________________
a) Taiwan’s education b) Finland’s education c) Two success stories
E. Say what the underlined words or pronouns refer to:
1. their: ( line 1 ) Education Ministers 2. the first : ( line 2 ) Finland
3. the second : ( line 3 ) Taiwan 4. they: ( line 5 ) Finland and Taiwan
5. she: ( line 7 ) The Finnish Education Minister Tuula Hattingen
6. both countries: ( line 11 /12 ) Finland and Taiwan
7. Very few: ( line 12 ) students
F. Find words in the passage that have almost meaning:
1. studies : surveys 2. something that joins two things together: connection
3 an answer: solution 4. spend money with the hope of future benefits: invest in
5. put in different groups: divide 6.ways of organizing something: systems
7. making something fit a different situation: applying to
E. Find words in the passage that have the opposite:
a. richness : poverty b. neither: either
c. result : reason d. bottom: top
Read the following passage then answer the questions that follow:
The Secretary of State for Commerce and Industry stressed the importance of education for economic
growth in a speech yesterday. ‘Improving our education system will give us a generation of citizens who
are better qualified to face the challenges of the technological age, as well as competition from low-
wage economies in other countries in Asia and Africa,’ he explained. ‘It increases what people can earn,
lifts people out of poverty and encourages opportunity.’ He also suggested that the economic health of
the country will suffer in future unless more attention is paid to investing in schools and universities.
‘We could easily fall behind,’ he said. ‘I hope it won’t happen. But unless we invest more, it might.’
A. Answer the following questions:
1. What did the Secretary of State emphasize?
The importance of education for economic growth
2. According to the Secretary of State, what economic problems does the country have?
a) The challenges of the technological age
b) Competition from low-wage economies in other countries in Asia and Africa
3. What does he say are the three ways in which education helps a country’s economy?
a) It increases what people can earn b) It lifts people out of poverty
c) It encourages opportunity
4. What will happen if the country doesn’t pay more attention to investing in schools and universities?
The economic health of the country will suffer in future
B. Complete the following sentences from the text:
1. According to the Secretary of State, they can get a generation of citizens who can face the
challenges of the technological age by improving their education system
2. Unless the country invests more in schools and universities, it might happen ( fall behind/ suffer)
C. Choose the best answer to the following questions. Circle A, B or C.
1 In Text A, what is the Secretary of State’s view of his country’s future?
A. He believes that more money will be invested in education.
B. He thinks the country’s economy will probably improve.
C. He is afraid of economic competition from other countries.
D. Say what the underlined pronouns refer to:
1. he: ( line 4 ) The Secretary of State for Commerce and Industry 2. It : ( line 4 ) education
3. it: ( line 7 ) falling behind / suffering

11
E. Find words in the passage that have almost meaning:
1. emphasized : stressed 2. to accept and manage : face
3. problems: challenges 4. money earned from working: wage
5. makes people want to do something: encourages
Read the following passage then answer the questions that follow:
‘Education leads to economic growth’ is a belief that senior people in education repeat endlessly, and
you might expect Prof. Wells, as a senior academic herself, to join in. Instead, as the title suggests, her
book asks some brave questions and arrives at answers that others in the ‘education industry’ might
prefer not to hear. This is not an academic book. It's essential reading for anyone interested in education
(and I hope that means all of us).
Certainly there is plenty of evidence that economic success and education go together: most poor people
(and nations) tend to be poorly educated, and most poorly educated people (and nations) tend to be poor.
But this doesn’t mean that one causes the other. This is false logic, and is one of several assumptions
that Prof. Wells questions.
To be fair, she is obviously not against education in general. Her main conclusion is that getting more
and more students onto university courses (any course, at any university) produces not growth but
unemployed graduates. She argues that we should move money away from universities and put it into
early-years education instead, to make sure children all know the basic skills needed for life.
A. Answer the following questions:
1. What belief do senior people in education repeat endlessly?
Education leads to economic growth
2. Why might Andrea Wells’ opinion surprise some readers?
Because most people think that education leads to economic growth, but she disagrees.
3. What example does the writer give of false logic?
Education and economic success go up and down together, but that doesn't mean one causes the other.
4. According to Prof. Wells, Why should we move money away from universities and put it into early-
years education? To make sure children all know the basic skills needed for life
B. Decide whether these sentences are True or False:
1. Education is important for economic growth. ( T )
2. There are many proofs that economic success and education go together. ( T )
2. It's a good idea to move money away from schools and put it into early-years universities instead. ( F )

C. Choose the best answer to the following questions. Circle A, B or C.

1. In Text B, what does Andrea Wells believe should receive more government investment?
A Higher education B Pre-school and primary education C Employment opportunities

D. Say what or who these words refer to:

1. her: ( line 2 ) Andrea Wells 2. others : ( line 3) senior people in the education industry
3. it: ( line 12) money
Passage Two
Read the text about the history of computers then answer questions below. (15 marks)
When you are using a computer, think about the technology that is needed for it to work. People have
been using types of computers for thousands of years. A metal machine was found on the seabed in
Greece that was more than 2.000 years old. It is believed that this was the first ever computer.
In the 1940s, technology had developed enough for inventors to make the first generation of
modern computers. One such model was so large that it needed a room that was 167 square meters to

12
accommodate it. During that decade, scientists in England developed the first computer program. It took
25 minutes to complete one calculation. In 1958 CE, the computer chip was developed.
The first computer game was produced in 1962 CE, followed two years later by the computer
mouse. In 1971 CE, the floppy disk was invented, which meant that information could be shared
between computers. The first PC (personal computer) was produced in 1974 CE, so people could buy
computers to use at home.
A. Answer the following questions. (2 points)

1. Where was the metal machine found on? on the seabed in Greece
2. When was the first computer game produced? in 1962
____________________________________________________________________________
B. Replace the underlined parts of these sentences with words and phrases from the text.
(5 points)
1. The divers get very deep places in the seato enjoy themselves. seabed
2. It is thought we could face risks naturally. believed
3. Experts improved some machines to increase the production. developed
4. We spent ten years trying to solve some environment problems. decade
5. My initial idea didn’t work very well so changed it. first
C. Say what the underlined words refer to. (3 points)
1. it (line 1) Computer

2. which (line 9) Inventing the floppy disk

Vocabulary
Match the words and phrases in the box with their meanings:
invest in – systems – surveys – divide – solution – connection – applying to
1. studies : surveys 5. something that joins two things together: connection
2. an answer: solution 6. spend money with the hope of future benefits: invest in
3. ways of organizing something: systems 7. put in different groups: divide
4. making something fit a different situation: applying to

Match these names for different stages of education systems with their meanings
EDUCATION STAGES MEANINGS
1 Pre-school/nursery/kindergarten d a the first stage of education (e.g. from age 5 to age 11)
2 Primary education a b children/young people have to attend school by law
3 Secondary education c c the next stage of education (e.g. from age 12 to age 18)
4 Further/Higher education e d learning before ‘real school’ begins
5 Compulsory education e going to college or university

Match the words and phrases in the box with their meanings:
challenges – wage – evidence – encourages – stressed – conclusion – assumptions – face
1 emphasised 5 makes people want to do something
stressed encourages
2 to accept and manage 6.information that proves something is true
face evidence
3 problems 7 ideas that many people believe without checking
challenges assumptions

13
 4 money earned from working 8 idea that you arrive at after looking at the facts
wage conclusion
Complete the sentences with words from the box:
challenges – wage – evidence – encourages – stressed – conclusion – assumptions – face
1. It’s not enough just to give your opinion. You need evidence to support it.
2. This is an important point. That’s why the lecturer stressed it.
3. After a long discussion, we finally reached a conclusion
4. I can’t buy this jacket until I get my wage at the end of the month.
5. Without knowing the facts, we can only make assumptions
6. It’s quite a difficult job but I enjoy the challenges it presents.
7. A good teacher encourages students to express their ideas.
8. I know there are difficulties but we can’t avoid them. We have to face them.
Language and vocabulary study
Complete the grammar rules
1 We use hope + the infinitive with to form of the verb to talk about aims or ambitions.
2 We use hope + subject + verb to say what we want to happen (or not happen) in the future.
3 The verb after hope can be in a future form (will, won’t, going to) or the present tense.
4 We use wish + the past tense to say what we want to change about a present situation.
5 The past form of can is could
6 After wish, the verb to be can be either was or were
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 I hope I get / will get good marks in the test tomorrow. (get)
2 She wishes she didn't have so much homework to do. (not/have)
3 We don’t invest enough in primary education. I hope we spend / will spend more in future. (spend)
4 After leaving university, I hope to become a teacher. (become)
5 I don’t know what he’s saying. I wish I could understand French. (can)
6 Most parents of young children hope they do / will do well at school. (do)
7 I’ve applied for a new job. I hope I get / will get it. (get)
8 I wish I remembered more of what I learnt in school but I’ve forgotten most of it. (remember)
9 She hopes to become a doctor when she finishes medical school. (become)
10 He wishes he didn't enjoy eating fast food so much because he wants to be thinner. (not enjoy)
11 I hope they won't arrive / don't arrive early. I haven’t finished cooking yet. (not arrive)

PREFIX MEANING
pre Before
ex used to be
post After
Use words from the box to complete the sentences.
prepaid postgraduate post-war ex-teacher Pre-school
ex-soldiers ex-employer prearranged postscript
1 If you have signed a letter but then remember something you didn’t include, you can add
postscript a (PS).
2 Life in the country was difficult in the post-war period.
3 After leaving school I kept in touch with my ex-teacher
4 He didn’t need to pay for the hotel room because it was prepaid by his company.
5 We met at a prearranged time and place.

14
 6 ex-soldiers sometimes find it difficult to manage in civilian life.
7 When he finished his university degree, he did a postgraduate course.
8 Pre-school education is free in Finland.
9 Her ex-employer recommended her for the new job.

Complete the grammar rules

1 as long as, provided (that) and unless are all conjunctions: they join two sentences into one
longer sentence.
2 as long as and provided (that) have similar meanings (but only if …).
3 unless means if … not.
4 In one of the conjunctions, we can leave out the word that
5 When the part of the sentence with the conjunction comes first, the two parts are separated with a
comma

Complete these sentences by adding as long as, provided (that) or unless.

1 as long as / provided (that) you do your best, no-one will criticise you for failing.
2 They won’t be able to reply unless you tell them your contact details.
3 Unless he gets an injury, he’ll definitely be in the team.
4 Unless he works harder, he won’t succeed.
5 The company’s future looks good as long as / provided (that) we continue investing.
6 As long as / Provided (that) we are careful, there should be no danger.
Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.
1 The college will offer me a place on one condition: I have to pass the interview. (provided that)
The college will offer me a place provided that I pass the interview.
2. You can borrow the book but you have to promise to return it next week. (as long as)
You can borrow the book as long as you promise to return it next week.
3. If we don’t invest in education, we’ll never solve our economic problems. (unless)
Unless we invest in education, we’ll never solve our economic problems
4. He has a good future, but not if he fails his exams. (unless)
He has a good future unless he fails his exams.
5. Pre-school classes are free for all children who are old enough. (as long as)
Pre-school classes are free for all children as long as they are old enough.
Correct the mistakes in the sentences below.
1 I’ll be there at 4.30 unless I don’t have to work late.
I’ll be there at 4.30 unless I have to work late.
2 Provided than you have the right papers, there should be no problem.
Provided that you have the right papers, there should be no problem.
3 As long that you don’t take risks, it’s a very safe sport.
As long as you don’t take risks, it’s a very safe sport.
4 It’s quite easy to do as far as you follow the instructions.
It’s quite easy to do as long as you follow the instructions.
5 If they lose the last match, they are sure to be champions.
Unless they lose the last match, they are sure to be champions.

15
 Writing
1. Complete the sections of a CV with your own information, using the suggestions in the box. Then
write a covering letter to send with it.

 secondary education only

 what you believe your personal qualities are
 any work you have done, full or part time
 any other qualifications you have
 subjects you are studying
 who you worked for and what work you did there
 what you are good at, e g teamwork
 any exams you have passed or taking next year
For the scientific stream only ‫للفرع العلمي فقط‬

I study at Kamal Naser Secondary School. Actually, I chose the scientific stream a year ago, so I study
maths, physics, chemistry and biology.

Thinking of my personal qualities makes me a little bit shy. Personally, leading people is my ambition.
That's why my teachers say I am a good leader. In addition, I prefer working in groups to working
individually because I find it more useful.

Getting too much work to do in my life is something I always want. That's why I have worked as a
trainee in a library. And I have also worked as a volunteer in some societies aiming to give poor people
food and money.

I always want to be well-educated, so I seek to learn languages and to develop my skills. Therefore, I
have got some courses like ICDL and English Language Levels and I am thinking of passin g the
TOFEL exam next year.

‫ للفرع االدبي فقط‬For the literary stream only

Name: Ali Ashour

Date and place of birth: 04/04/2001, Khanyounis, Palestine.
Address: Jalal Street, Khanyounis, Palestine.
Telephone: 082099887
Email: [email protected]

Education:
2023: BA in English, Al-Azhar University, Palestine; 2019: Kamal Naser Secondary School, ( excellent)
Employment:
Now: teacher at Kamal Naser Secondary School
Other Skills:
I have always loved reading books, I am good at learning languages and I write short stories .

16
 UNIT 3/ Take care!
Read the following passage then answer the questions that follow:
Accident prevention in the Home
Your home is the place where accidents are most likely to happen. Being aware of the dangers helps
you prevent them from happening.
Fire safety
Fires may start suddenly and spread quickly. Here are a few tips to prevent them from starting.
Don’t place portable heaters and candles near furniture or curtains.
Don’t dry clothes near a fire or cooker.
1. Keep matches and lighters out of reach of children.
Fit smoke alarms on each floor.
Plan your escape route so that you can get out quickly if necessary.
Cooking
The kitchen is where some of the most serious home accidents happen.
6 . Sharpen knives regularly. Blunt knives are more dangerous.
Never leave a pan unwatched when deep fat frying.
If there are young children around, take extra care with hot water and hot drinks.
Make sure electric things like kettles and food mixers don’t get wet.
When cooking on the oven top, keep handles of pans turned inward.
DIY* and garden safety
One of the biggest causes of DIY accidents is being too ambitious.
Don’t do a job yourself unless you know what you’re doing, especially gas and electrical work. Ask a
professional.
7) Never use a tool that has an electrical fault.
Pre-planning is important. You’re more likely to have an accident if you are unprepared or in a hurry.
Keep tools, paint and chemicals out of reach of children.
Unplug electrical tools before cleaning or working on them.
Keep all products in their original containers.
Answer the following questions:
1. How can people stop accidents from happening? By being aware of the dangers.
2. Why are fires especially dangerous? Fires may start suddenly and spread quickly
3. Why is preparation important when doing jobs in the house?
Because you’re more likely to have an accident if you are unprepared or in a hurry.
4. What could happen if you don’t keep products in their original containers?
Children could reach ( eat or drink ) them
Find opposites of these words in the texts
1. fixed : portable
2. sharp : blunt
3. outward : inward
4. limited (in what you try to do): ambitious
5. someone doing something that isn’t their job : professional
Match the three pieces of advice into the correct section of the text:
a) Never use a tool that has an electrical fault.

17
 b) Sharpen knives regularly. Blunt knives are more dangerous.
c) Keep matches and lighters out of reach of children.

Decide whether these sentences are True or False:

1. Place portable heaters and candles near furniture or curtains. ( F )
2. We make the process as easy as possible by listing the best policies. ( T )
3. One of the biggest causes of DIY accidents is being too ambitious. ( T )
4. The kitchen is where some of the most dangerous home accidents happen. ( T )
5. As long as there are young children around, take extra care with hot water and hot drinks. ( T )
6. Do a job yourself if you don't know what you’re doing. ( F )
7. The text gives advice for different situations. ( T )

Write what the underlined pronouns refer to:

1. them ( line 2) : dangers 2. them ( line 4): fires
3. their ( line 26) : products
Read the following passage then answer the questions that follow:
Contents insurance is for accidental damage to things in your home like TVs and computers. If you
add up the cost of repairing or replacing all the technology we have nowadays, you may be surprised.
Taking out an insurance policy can be quite cheap and will give you peace of mind. You can usually
add items that you often take out of the house, like mobile phones, cameras and watches.
Personal accident insurance provides you with a tax-free monthly income if you are unable to work
due to accidental injury, usually for up to a year. This type of policy is a good choice if you are
worried that you wouldn’t be able to manage if you lost your regular income because of injury.
Choosing the right insurance policy can take time but if you don’t want to waste money, it’s
important to compare what’s on offer. We make the process as easy as possible by listing the best
policies from leading insurance companies on one site.
A. Answer the questions.
1. What is contents insurance for?
It is for accidental damage to things in your home like TVs and computers.
2. How will you feel when you add up the cost of repairing or replacing all the technology?
I may be surprised.
3. Why is it a good idea to insure computers, etc against accidental damage?
Because the cost of repairing or replacing all the technology we have nowadays can be cheap and
will give you peace of mind.
4. What will give you peace of mind? The insurance policy
5. What does personal accident insurance provide you? A tax-free monthly income
B. Complete the following sentences from the text:
1. Examples of contents insurance are TVs, computers, and mobile phones
2. Personal accident insurance is a good choice if you lost your regular income because of injury.
3. We make the process of choosing the right insurance policy as easy as possible by listing the
best policies from leading insurance companies on one site.

18
C. Find the opposite of the following words from the text:
1. expensive : cheap 2. outgoings / spending : income
Read the following passage then answer the questions that follow:
In 19th-century Europe, life was full of danger for both agricultural workers and those who worked in the
industrial factories with new machinery. Gradually, under pressure from workers’ organizations,
governments began to pass laws to improve conditions, and employers now have to take responsibility for
the safety of their employees.
In poorer countries, though, safety regulations are weak and the dangers remain. There is a feeling, usually
unspoken, among governments and employers in these countries that safety in the workplace is a luxury that
they can’t afford, and that safety regulations make businesses less competitive and brings less money.
Meanwhile, in richer countries, health and safety regulations have been extended into other areas of life, like
transport, schools, hospitals and other public services. In most countries, for example, it is against the law to
drive a car without wearing a seat belt. When this law was first suggested, some people believed it should be
a matter of personal choice, but it is now accepted that wearing seat belts has saved many lives.
Over the last 20 years or so, there has been a gradual change in attitude, partly because of regular stories in
the popular press about school children not being allowed to go on school trips or play traditional games in
the playground. Some of these stories were not actually true, but still the feeling has grown that government
regulation has gone too far, taking away people’s responsibility for their own safety. This may be one reason
why there are still only two countries in the world where all cyclists, by law, have to wear helmets. In other
countries, governments don’t want to restrict people’s personal freedom.
A. Answer the following questions:
1. How was life in 19th century in Europe? Life was full of danger for both agricultural workers and
those who worked in the industrial factories with new machinery.
2. Why did governments in 19th-century Europe start to improve safety for their workers?
Because they were under pressure from workers’ organisations.
3. Why are workplaces in poorer countries still dangerous? Because safety regulations are weak.
4. What did some people think about car seat belts at first?
It should be a matter of personal choice.
5. What has recently made some people change their minds about safety regulations?
Because it is now accepted that wearing seat belts has saved many lives.
6. Why has there been a gradual change in attitude about safety laws over the last 20 years?
Because of regular stories in the popular press about school children not being allowed to go on
school trips or play traditional games in the playground.
7. Why have most governments not made it compulsory to wear cycle helmets?
Because they don’t want to restrict people’s personal freedom.
B. Complete the following sentences from the text:
1. The governments and employers in poorer countries consider that safety in the workplace is:
a) A luxury that they can’t afford. b) Safety regulations make businesses less competitive and bring less
money
2. In richer countries, governments have spread health and safety regulations into other fields of life such as
transport, schools, hospitals and other public services
C. Find words and phrases in the text that have these meanings:
1. make new laws: pass laws
2. rules and laws : regulations
3. something that is nice but not necessary: luxury
19
 4. spread : extend
5. slow, not sudden: gradual
6. opinion or way of thinking: attitude
D. Decide whether these sentences are True or False:
1. In richer countries, health and safety regulations have been spread into other fields of life. ( T )
2. In most countries, it is forbidden to drive a car without wearing a seat belt. ( T )
3. When the law of wearing a seat belt was first suggested, all people accepted it. ( F )
4. In most countries, it is allowed to drive a car without wearing a seat belt. ( F )
5. Over the last 2 decades or so, there has been a sudden change in opinion about safety regulations. (F)
E. Write what the underlined words or pronouns refer to :
1. those ( line 1 ) : workers 2. their ( line 4 ): employers
2. these countries ( line 6 ) : poorer countries 4. this law ( line 10 ) : driving a car without
wearing a seat belt
5. it ( line 10 ) : this law 6. their ( line 15 ) : people
Passage Two
Read the text about a major accident and complete the tasks below. (10 marks)
One month ago a major accident happened to a large ship that was carrying oil to the coast of the United
States. The oil leaked from the ship and polluted the water and the areas near where the accident
happened. The owners of the ship quickly attempted to get help in controlling the floating oil. They
contracted with a company called Clean Ocean Company, which said that it had invented a method to
clean up floating oil. Because the result of such oil leaks is major environmental pollution, many
companies have been working on such an invention, but not very successfully. However, the Clean
Ocean Company declared their invention to be a success.

A. Complete the following sentences. (3 points)

1. The accident happened while a large ship was carrying oil to the coast of the United States.
2. In order to control the floating oil, the owners of the ship contracted with a company called Clean
Ocean Company
3. Many companies have been working on that invention because the result of such oil leaks is major
environmental pollution.
B. Give words from the passage that have almost the same meanings to each of the following.
(4 points)
1. being on the surface leaked 2. named called
3. way method 4. influence result

C. What does each of the following pronouns refer to. (3 points)

1. They (line 3) The owners of the ship 2. it (line 4) Clean Ocean Company

Vocabulary
Match the words and phrases in the box with their opposites:
inward – portable – blunt – professional – ambitious – income
1. sharp: blunt 4. limited (in what you try to do) : ambitious
2. Outward: inward 5. outgoings / spending: income
3. fixed: portable 6. someone doing something that isn’t their job: professional
Use the opposite words in the box to complete the sentences below:
inward – portable – blunt – professional – ambitious – income
1. These scissors are blunt They won’t cut anything.
2. I’m not sure why it’s not working. You’d better ask a professional
21
 3. He took an extra part-time job to increase his income
4. I stood at the front door, facing inward, so I couldn’t see who was behind me.
5. She bought a portable CD player so that she could listen to music while travelling.
6. He believes he can succeed in anything he tries. He’s very ambitious
Match the words and phrases in the box with their meanings:
portable – pass laws – popular press – blunt – restrict – gradual
– regulations – attitude – take responsibility – luxury – extended
1. spread: extended 7. opinion or way of thinking: attitude
2. put limits on: restrict 8. slow, not sudden: gradual
3. not sharp: blunt 9. newspapers read by many people: popular press
4. not fixed: portable 10. something that is nice but not necessary: luxury
5. rules and laws: regulations 11. accept that you should do something: take responsibility
6. make new laws: pass laws
Use the words in the box to complete the sentences below:
restrict – gradual – regulations – pass laws – attitude –
the popular press – luxury – extended – take responsibility
1. We should teach children to take responsibility for what they do.
2. The new law will restrict what companies are allowed to do.
3. New regulations made it compulsory to wear seat belts.
4. My parents’ attitude to computer games is different from mine.
5. The government should pass laws to protect the environment.
6. Last year he extended his studies into other areas.
7. She didn’t get better suddenly. It was a gradual change.
8. Owning a car may be necessary, but owning two is a luxury
9. There are lots of stories about famous people in the popular press
A. Match the word in the box to make two-word noun phrases
regulations – fault – insurance – prevention – accidental – regular – public

1. electrical fault 2. regular income 3 public services 4. safety regulations

5. accidental damage 6. accident prevention 7. insurance policy
B. Use the phrases to complete the sentences below
1. Hospitals, street lighting and rubbish collection are all public services
2. Don’t use that machine! It has an electrical fault and it’s dangerous.
3. He looked on the internet to find a cheap insurance policy
4. Some companies say they are losing money because of safety regulations
5. It’s a good idea to insure your computer against accidental damage
6. Since losing his job, he hasn’t had a regular income
7. An expert came to our office to give advice about accident prevention
Language and vocabulary study
EXPRESSION/STRUCTURE MEANING
1 not be allowed to c a There is an obligation to do this.
2 have to a b There is no obligation to do this.

21
 3 don’t have/need to c There is an obligation not to do this.

Complete the sentences by adding have/had to, don’t/didn’t have/need to or (not) be allowed to.
1. I think you don't have to arrange for a meeting tomorrow because the boss has already done it.
2. Children aren't allowed to play near the river.
3. When I was young, I wasn't allowed to play in the street.
4. My old school had few restrictions on clothes, so pupils didn't have to wear a uniform.
5. When do we have to finish this homework?
6. In my country, all drivers have to wear seat belts.
7. Are we allowed to use dictionaries during the test?
8. We arrived late and we weren't allowed to go into the theatre after the performance started, so we
had to wait till the break.
9. When cars were first invented, you didn't have to get a licence to drive them.
10. You don't have to do this if you don’t want to.
Choose the correct answer:
1. In Australia and New Zealand, all cyclists _________________wear helmets. It is compulsory.
a) are allowed to b) don’t have to c) have to
2. In Australia, you ____________________ ride a bike without a helmet.
a) aren't allowed to b) don’t have to c) have to
3. In Germany, cyclists __________________ wear helmets. There is no rule to oblige them to do so.
a) aren't allowed to b) don’t have to c) have to
4. Before 2011, there was no rule in Austria to wear helmets, so children under 12 _______________
wear them.
a) had to b) didn’t have to c) weren't allowed to
5. Seat belts are compulsory here. Every driver____________________ wear them.
a) have to b) has to c) is allowed to
6. In some schools, students ______________________ write in their textbooks.
a) have to b) don’t have to c) aren't allowed to
7. You can come with me if you like but you ______________________
a) don't need to b) have to c) aren't allowed to
8. Twenty years ago the family ______________________ move to another country
a) had to b) must c) are allowed to

Complete the grammar rules: ( mustn't / had to / don't have to )

1 We use mustn't to say that there is an obligation not to do something.
2 We use don't have to to say that there is no obligation to do something.
3 When expressing obligation, the past form of both must and have to is had to.

Circle the correct option to complete the sentences.

1 I’d already read the book, so I __________________ (had to / didn’t have to) read it again.
2 That phone is expensive. You___________________ (mustn’t / didn’t have to) lose it.
3 You ___________________ (mustn’t / don’t have to) buy bread. We’ve already got some.
22
 4 Before they changed the law, nobody______________ (must / had to) wear a seat belt when driving.
5 She __________________ (has to / mustn’t) wear her glasses when she’s reading.

Complete the sentences with mustn't, don’t / didn’t have to or had to.
1. He got home on time yesterday because he didn't have to work late.
2. She missed the last bus and had to walk home.
3. ‘You mustn't ride your bike without a helmet,’ his father told him.
4. I mustn't eat all of that cake or I’ll feel ill.
5. In the UK people don't have to carry an identification card, so many people don’t carry one with them.

A) Match each preposition with a noun to make fixed phrases

out of – in – against – under – on – by

1. in a hurry 2. by law 3. in practice 4. out of reach

5. out of practice 6. in theory 7. against the law 8. on offer 9. under pressure

B) Use the fixed phrases in the sentences.

1 I’m not sure which one to buy. I’ll see what’s on offer
2 Make sure the container is high enough to be out of reach
3 Sorry, I can’t talk now, I’m in a hurry
4 I haven’t driven for several months, so I’m. out of practice
5 Driving without a licence is against the law
6 He didn’t want to do it but finally agreed under pressure
7 Giving false information is forbidden by law
8 I agree with your idea in theory
9 However, I don’t think your idea will work in practice
Complete the sentences with prepositions from the box:
for – in – to – against – into – on – to

1. He needs to take responsibility for what he has done.

2. The company should invest more in advertising.
3. Drivers should focus their attention on what’s happening on the road.
4. He doesn’t understand because he never pays attention to the teacher.
5. It’s against the law for anyone under 16 to drive a car.
6. I turn my notes into a mind-map to help me remember them.
7. You can’t just take one example and apply it to every situation.
Writing
There has been a gradual rise in pollution The pollution has risen gradually
There was a sudden fall in water level Water level fell suddenly

1 Since 2009, there has been a gradual rise in serious accidents. ( gradually )
Since 2009, serious accidents have risen gradually.
2 Since the law was passed, there has been a gradual fall in the number of people attending hospital.
( gradually )
Since the law was passed, the number of people attending hospital has fallen gradually.

23
 3 Last year, there was a steady rise in serious accidents. (steadily )
Last year, serious accidents rose steadily.
4 When the law was passed, there was a sudden fall in the number of people attending hospital.
( suddenly )
When the law was passed, the number of people attending hospital fell suddenly.
2. Write a short paragraph saying what it shows.

100
95
90
women
85 men
80

75 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Literacy rates for men and women aged 15 years and above during
2001–2013 (Palestine Central Bureau of Statistics)
Summary of literacy rates in Palestine (2001–2013)
In 2001, the gap between literacy rates for men and women was large. Men’s literacy was %95, while
women’s was %85 . After that, the literacy rate for men grew slowly every year. Over the same period, the
literacy rate for women grew more quickly. By 2013, the rate for men was about % 97, compared with
about % 93 for women. This means that, despite the progress in women’s literacy rates, there is still a
difference of just over 4% in favour of men. However, if literacy continues to rise, it is expected that all
men and women will be literate before 2020.
UNIT 4
Going places
Read the following text then answer the questions below:
For many young people, being a tour guide seems to be the perfect job, almost like a paid holiday with
no expenses. In reality, of course, it can be tiring and stressful having to solve all the problems that arise
and deal with the constant demands of the people who have paid money for your services.
And it seems that tourists are becoming more demanding, partly due to the internet. They already know
a lot of the basic information that guides used to tell them. What they want is something different and
special. It’s no longer enough to take them round the famous buildings, monuments and tourist sites and
tell them a few dates and interesting stories. In fact, tourists nowadays don’t like to be labelled as
tourists at all. Today’s well-informed ‘traveller’ prefers culture, getting under the surface of things,
seeing something of the real life of the place they’re visiting.
This need has led to an increase in the popularity of ‘step-on guides’. These are people who live in the
area and have local knowledge. They take over the tour temporarily and provide the kind of information
that the usual tour guide can’t offer. ‘It’s a great way to meet people and give them an introduction to
your town or city,’ says Moustafa, a step-on guide in Istanbul, Turkey.
Being a successful step-on guide depends on getting to know what travellers really want. This is
something that Moustafa has picked up from experience: ‘I treat my customers more like students than
tourists. But I never lecture them. I don’t want them just to take in whatever I say. I think they’d rather
interact with places and people.’
A. Choose the correct answer from the text:
1. The best title to the text is _______________________________
a) Tourism b) The step-on tour guides c) The problems of tourists
2. To be a successful step-on guide rely on getting to know _____________________________
24
 a) the travellers’ needs b) the travellers’ opinions c) the travellers’ knowledge

B. Answer the following questions

1. Why do young people believe that being a tour guide seems to be the perfect job?
Because it is almost like a paid holiday with no expenses
2. What are the disadvantages of being a tour guide?
It can be tiring and stressful having to solve all the problems that arise and deal with the constant
demands of the people who have paid money for your services.
3. Why are tourists becoming more demanding?
Due to the internet. They already know a lot of the basic information that guides used to tell them
4. Why do tourists want something different and special?
It’s no longer enough to take them round the famous buildings, monuments and tourist sites and
tell them a few dates and interesting stories.
5. What information does well-informed traveller prefer nowadays?
Today’s well-informed ‘traveller’ prefers culture, getting under the surface of things, seeing
something of the real life of the place they’re visiting.
6. Who is Moustafa? And where does he work? a step-on guide in Istanbul, Turkey
7. What does Moustafa say about his job?
It’s a great way to meet people and give them an introduction to your town or city
8. What is the thing that Moustafa has picked up from experience?
Getting to know what travellers really want
C. Decide whether these sentences are True or False:
1. The information that tourists need from guides should be different and particular. ( T )
2. It’s enough to take them round the famous buildings, monuments and tourist sites ( F )
3. Tourists nowadays hate to be called as tourists. ( T )
4. Moustafa believes that tourists should interact with places and people. ( T )
D. Complete the following from the text:
1. Step-on guides are people who live in the area and have local knowledge.
2. The job of step-on guides is a) to take over the tour temporarily
b) to provide the kind of information that the usual tour guide can’t offer.
3. Moustafa deals with his customers more like students than tourists.
4. Moustafa never lectures his customers because he doesn’t want them to take in whatever he says
E. Write what the underlined pronouns refer to:
1- it : (line 2) being a tour guide 2- They : (line 4) tourists
3- these : (line 10) step-on guides 4- They : (line 11) step-on guides
5- them : (line 12) people 6- them : (line 16) Moustafa's customers
7. I : (line 16) Moustafa
F. Replace the underlined words and phrases in these sentences with words and phrases from the text.
1. As well as the hotel bill, there were a few other extra things to pay for. expenses
2. My job is dealing with the public. There are a lot of things that people want from you. demands
3. His success as a tour guide is because of his local knowledge. Due to
4. This city has a lot of statues and buildings that celebrate famous people or events. monuments
5. I’m only doing this job for a short time until I find something better. Temporarily
6. Nobody taught me how to play the piano. I just learnt it without having lessons. Picked up
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7. She hates it if any of her friends talk to her like a teacher. lecture
8. What I like about my teacher is his ability to have a two-way relationship with his students. interact

Vocabulary
The words in the table change in the same ways. Complete the table. (Note that there is no
adjective from provide.)
VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE
1 demand demand demanding
2 challenge challenge challenging
3 surprise surprise surprising
4 conclude conclusion concluding
5 decide decision deciding
6 provide provision *****

Now use words from the table to complete these sentences.

1. Young children can be very demanding They always seem to want something.
2. The concluding part of the essay summarized the main points.
3. This situation is very challenging. There are a lot of problems we need to solve.
4. I don’t want to argue about it. This is my final decision
5. In this period of hot dry weather, the demand for bottled water has increased.
6. Each team has won twice, so this is the last and deciding match.
7. I find it surprising that he doesn’t enjoy working as a guide.
8. This organisation has responsibility for the provision of basic food to those who need it.
Read the following passage then answer the questions that follow:
As more and more people realise the negative impact that their holidays can have on the countries they
visit, the popularity of ‘eco-tourism’ is increasing. The basic idea is that tour organizers and travellers
try to make sure that their activities help the environment and local communities rather than harming
them. There are many different ways of doing this, but all of them are likely to interest people who
prefer learning to sightseeing and would rather interact with local people and nature than sit on a beach.
A. Choose the correct answer from the text:
1. The best title to the text is __________________________
a) Tourism b) Eco-tourism c) Tour organizers and travellers
B. Answer the following questions:
1. When is the popularity of ‘eco-tourism’ increasing? As more and more people realise the
negative impact that their holidays can have on the countries they visit
2. What is the main idea that tour organizers and travellers try to make sure?
That their activities help the environment and local communities rather than harming them
C. Complete the following sentence from the text:
 The ways of helping the environment and local communities are probably to interest people who
prefer learning to sightseeing and would rather interact with local people and nature than sit on a
beach.
D. Write what the underlined pronouns refer to:
1- their : (line 1) people 2- their: (line 3) tour organizers and travellers
3- them : (line 4 ) environment and local communities 4- them : (line 4) ways of helping the
environment

E. Match words and phrases from the text with their meanings below:
26
1 effect impact 2 causing hurt or damage harming
3 looking at famous things sightseeing

F. Which is the best definition of eco-tourism?

A Holidays where you don’t stay in hotels and sit on beaches
B Tours where you learn a lot about the geography of the area
C A kind of travel that aims to avoid the negative effects of tourism
D Going to places and living with local people

Whale-watching in the Mediterranean

This is a chance to take part in research into whales while sailing around the north-west coast of Italy.
You will spend ten days living and sleeping on the boat as part of the crew, watching for whales and
keeping records of their movements and habits to get a clear picture of the impact of human activities.
You don’t need previous sailing experience, though, as you will receive full basic training. The price is
between £1,100 and £1,800, including all meals and travel except the air fare to Genoa, where the boat
sails from.
A. Complete the table with information from the text:
Where you go north-west coast of Italy
What you can do there watching whales and keeping records
Where you stay on the boat
How long you are there ten days
How much it costs £1,100 to £1,800
B. Match words and phrases from the text with their meanings below:
1. people who work on a ship or boat crew 2. written details of what has been done records
3. at an earlier time previous 4. money you pay to travel fare
Desert adventure in Tunisia
Experience the unique excitement of desert life, travelling by horse or camel for a week, staying
overnight with local families in traditional village houses and sharing their evening meal. You carry all
other food and water with you as you travel. Local guides share their knowledge of desert plants and
animals and pass on tips about how people manage to live in such difficult conditions. This is a low-
impact, low-cost tour. Prices start at only £900, including your fight to Tunis airport.
Complete the table with information from the text:
Where you go the desert in Tunisia
What you can do there travelling by horse and camel, seeing desert plants and animals, meeting
local families
Where you stay in traditional village houses with local families
How long you are there a week
How much it costs £900

Vocabulary
Match words and phrases from the text with their meanings below.
sightseeing – previous – crew – records – impact – unique – harming – fare
1 effect impact
2 causing hurt or damage harming
3 looking at famous things sightseeing
4 people who work on a ship or boat crew
5 written details of what has been done records
27
6 at an earlier time previous
7 money you pay to travel fare
8 not like anything else unique

Use the words in the box to complete the sentences below:

sightseeing – previous – crew – records – impact – unique – harming – fare
1. At the interview they asked about my previous jobs.
2. The boat sank but all the passengers and crew were saved.
3. Our records show that you have worked as a tour guide. Is that correct?
4. You won’t get the same feeling from any other activity. It’s a unique experience.
5. It is possible to have a holiday without harming the environment.
6. I don’t enjoy sightseeing . I prefer finding out about the history of places.
7. Tourism can have a positive or negative impact on a country.
8. He only had enough money for the train fare with nothing for other expenses.

Language and vocabulary study

Complete the grammar rules
1 When talking about preferences (liking one thing better than another),
we can use prefer + a noun or the -ing form of a verb, or would
rather + the infinitive form of the verb (without to).
2 After prefer , we put the word to between the two choices.
3 After would rather , we put the word than between the two choices.
1 I would rather go on a history tour than visit an art gallery. (would rather)
2 She prefers healthy food to fast food. (prefer)
3 They would rather play football than play basketball. (would rather)
4 I would rather do my homework now than do it later. (would rather)
5 Their son prefers playing computer games to playing football outside. (prefer)
Match the words and phrases in the box with their meanings:
well informed – well dressed – well written – well paid – well educated –
well known – well made – well behaved
1. a person who wears good clothes: well dressed
2. someone who has a Master’s degree: well educated
3. a famous person: well known
4. someone who makes a lot of money in their job (or a job that pays a lot of money): well paid
5. someone who knows a lot: well informed
6. a child who never causes trouble: well behaved
7. a book with a good style: well written
8. a strong piece of furniture: well made
Use the words in the box to complete the sentences below:
Well informed – well dressed – well written – well paid –
well educated – well known – well made – well behaved
1. This chair is very well made. It will never break.
2. Although he’s well educated, he still finds it hard to get a well -paid job.
3. It’s important to look good when you go for an interview, so make sure you’re well dressed.
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4. The children can come too as long as they’re well behaved.
5. Salma is sure to know the answer. She’s very well informed .
6. It’s a well - written book by a well -known writer, but I must say I didn’t enjoy it.
Use the words in the box to complete the sentences below:
take off – throw away – fill in – take back – put on – throw back – try on – pay back
1 You have some old papers that you don’t need any more. I should throw them away
2 I borrowed some money from my friend and now I have enough money, I should pay it back
3 You are fishing and have just caught a fish which is too small to keep. I should throw it back
4 You are in a clothes shop and you’re not sure if a jacket will fit you. I should try it on
5 You need a visa to visit another country and have just downloaded the application form. I should fill
it in
6 You are too hot in your coat. I should take it off
7 You have finished reading a book from the library. I should take it back
8 The sun is bright and your sunglasses are in your hand. I should put them on
Match the official words and phrases from the form with their meanings.
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE MEANING
1 complete (verb) c a when you were born
2 guidance d b give
3 valid c fill in
4 marital status d help
5 date of birth e correct and up-to-date
6 provide f whether you are single, married, etc

Writing
Fill in the application form with the information below, saying why you would like to do the job.

You are a friendly person who enjoys meeting new people. You would like to apply for the post of a
tour guide. You speak three languages. Your name is Samir Ashraf and you are 25 years old. You
live at 29 Al-Qassam street. Your mobile no. 0599999999. You have a Master's degree in Tourism.

For the scientific stream only ‫للفرع العلمي فقط‬

I am Samir Ashraf and I am 25 years old. I live at 29 Al-Qassam street. In fact, I 'd like to apply for the
position of tour guide.
Growing up among fantastic history teachers was something special for me. That's why I got a BA in
History in 2023 after I had finished my secondary education in 2019. After that, I did one year
Master's degree in Tourism in 2024.

Actually, I believe that I would be suitable for this job because I have lived in this area all my life. I am
very interested in local history so I know a lot of good information about places that tourists would like to
see. I have visited the USA twice and my level of spoken English is good. Also I have got some courses in
French. In addition, I am a friendly person who enjoys talking to other people.

For more information, you can use either my phone or my email. My phone number is 0599999999. My
email is Samir [email protected]

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For the literary stream only ‫للفرع االدبي فقط‬
…………………

APPLICATION FOR THE POSITION OF TOUR GUIDE

Name: Samir Ashraf Age: 25

Address and contact details: Al-Qassam Street, Khnyounis, Palestine.; mobile no. :0599999999
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Education: 2024: Master's degree in Tourism, Al-Azhar University, Palestine; 2023: BA in Tourism,
Al-Azhar University, Palestine ; 2019: Kamal Naser Secondary School, (v.good)
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Languages: Arabic, English and French

Please write a short paragraph below saying why you would be a good person to do this job.
I believe that I would be suitable for this job because I have lived in this area all my life. I am very
interested in local history so I know a lot of background information about places that tourists would like to
see. I have visited the USA twice and my level of spoken English is good. Also I have got some courses in
French. In addition, I am a friendly person who enjoys talking to other people.

Unit 5/ Let’s go for a walk

Read the following passage then answer the questions that follow:

As a child, Nabil Hamed used to wander in the hills and valleys of Palestine with his father, a shepherd.
After taking a break to continue his education abroad, he returned to Palestine and continued hiking, simply
for the love of walking and nature. As time went by, he began to notice irreversible changes: the beauty of
this ancient land was being destroyed by the Israeli occupation, sometimes rapidly, sometimes gradually.
Olive trees and grapevines were pulled up, old stone buildings and even whole villages were pulled down to
make room for more and more settlements, their roads and dividing walls.
The walks he describes in this book cover the hills of Ramallah, the wild countryside around Jerusalem and
the valleys near the Dead Sea, and each takes place at a different period of Palestinian history. Today, many
Palestinian natural treasures have become impossible to visit. Nabil Hamed, now in his sixties, has written
this book to preserve them, at least in words. It tells the story of how a pleasure so many of us take for
granted is being taken away: the freedom to wander through the countryside.
1. Choose the correct answer from the text:
1. The best title to the text is ______________________________________
a) Love of walking and nature b) Wandering in the hills and valleys c) Disappearing beauty
2. Answer the following questions:
1. What did Nabil Hamed use to do when he was a child? To wander in the hills and valleys of Palestine
2. What is Nabil Hamed’s father's job? A shepherd
3. Why did Nabil continue hiking when he returned to Palestine? For the love of walking and nature.
4. Who destroyed the beauty of the ancient land? The Israeli occupation
5. Why did the Israeli occupation pull down old stone buildings and whole villages?
To make room for more and more settlements, their roads and dividing walls.
3. Decide whether the statements are TRUE or FALSE.
1. The Israeli occupation pulled up Olive trees and grapevines. ( T )

31
 2. Today, it is impossible for us to visit many Palestinian natural treasures. ( T )

4. Complete the following sentences:

1. Nabil Hamed stopped wandering in the hills and valleys of Palestine and took a break to continue his
education abroad
2. The irreversible changes that Nabil Hamed had noticed when he returned to Palestine were:
a) The beauty of this ancient land was being destroyed
b) Olive trees and grapevines were pulled up
c) Old stone buildings and even whole villages were pulled down
3. The Israeli occupation destroyed old stone buildings and whole villages in order to to make room for more
and more settlements, their roads and dividing walls.
4. The walks Nabil describes in his book cover:
a) The hills of Ramallah b) The wild countryside around Jerusalem c) The valleys near the Dead Sea
5. Write what the underlined pronouns refer to:
1- his father ( line 1 ): Nabil Hamid
2- As time went by, he began: (line 3) Nabil Hamid
3- to preserve them: (line 10) many Palestinian natural treasures
4- It tells the story : (line 10) this book
Read the following passage then answer the questions that follow:
The Rambling Society
1. Our history
Walking in the countryside (or ‘rambling’) was popular in 19th-century Britain. For people living in
towns and cities, walking was a way of escaping from a polluted environment and the stress of daily
life. Access to the countryside, however, was becoming more of a challenge due to an increase in the
ownership of large areas of land by a small number of people. A number of walking clubs and groups
were set up to protect walkers’ rights, and finally, in 1935, they joined together to create The Rambling
Society, a national organisation aiming to improve access laws and expand the areas where people could
walk.
2. Aims and achievements
Thanks to our efforts, a new law was finally passed in 1949 called the National Parks and Access to the
Countryside Act. This law set up the first National Parks and Nature Reserves, as well as stating that
public footpaths in England and Wales had to be recorded on maps. It was a big step forward as it meant
that everyone would know where they were allowed to walk, even if the path crossed someone’s land.
Many landowners, however, let grass grow over the footpaths so that they were hard to find, so a lot of
our efforts were put into walking on as many paths as possible in order to keep them open.
3. Why not try walking?
Our original aims remain the same, but we have continued to change with the times. In the 1990s, it
became clear to us that walking was becoming less popular, and that we needed to encourage walking as
healthy exercise. Since then we have reached out to non-walkers to help them take up walking.
A. Match the following titles to their paragraphs:
a. Why not try walking? b. Aims and achievements c. Our history
B. Answer the following questions:
1. Why do people who lived in towns and cities in 19th-century Britain go walking in the countryside?
Escaping from a polluted environment and the stress of daily life
2. Why was access to the countryside becoming more of a challenge?
Due to an increase in the ownership of large areas of land by a small number of people
3. What is the reason that made a number of walking clubs and groups be set up?
31
 To protect walkers’ rights
4. When was The Rambling Society set up? In 1935
5. What do you know about The Rambling Society?
A national organisation aiming to improve access laws and expand the areas where people could
walk.
6. When was a new law finally passed? In 1949
7. Why was recording public footpaths on maps considered a big step forward? As it meant that
everyone would know where they were allowed to walk, even if the path crossed someone’s land.
8. What obstacles do many landowners put on the walkers’ footpaths?
They let grass grow over the footpaths so that they were hard to find
C. Complete the following sentences from the text:
1. The new law that was passed in 1949 labelled National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act
2. The National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act set up the first National Parks and Nature
Reserves, as well as stating that public footpaths in England and Wales had to be recorded on
maps
3. Since walking was becoming less popular, The Rambling Society needed to encourage walking
as healthy exercise.
D. Decide whether the statements are TRUE or FALSE.
1. The air in nineteenth-century British cities was not healthy. TRUE / FALSE
2. During the nineteenth century it became more difficult to walk in the country. TRUE / FALSE
3. There were no organizations for protecting walkers’ rights before 1935. TRUE / FALSE
4. The work of the Rambling Society helped to change the law to help walkers. TRUE / FALSE
5. Walking on a public footpath is against the law if it crosses somebody’s land. TRUE / FALSE
6. The aims of the Ramblers Society are the same now as they used to be. TRUE / FALSE
5. Write what the underlined pronouns refer to:
1- they ( line 5 ): A number of walking clubs and groups
2- This law: (line 9) National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act
3- it: (line 10) recording the footpaths on maps 4- they: (line 12) footpaths
5. them (line 16) non-walkers
E. Look at these words from the text and decide which meaning makes the best sense in the sentence.
1. countryside: A nationality B natural areas
2. access: A being able to enter or reach something B doing something without problems
3. ownership: A having something that belongs to you B feeling proud of doing something
4. achievements: A successes B important points
5. stating: A believing strongly B saying clearly
6. take up: A enjoy (a hobby) B begin (a hobby)
Passage two
Read the text about mobiles and complete the tasks below. (10 marks)
There is bad news for students who like to use their mobile phones while they study. New research
shows that students do not learn very well when they are texting and checking their social media
accounts.
Researchers looked at 145 American university students in the classroom. Some of the students
used their mobile phones during class, while the others had their phones switched off. The head
researcher, Dr Jeffrey Kuznekoff, said students who did not use their mobile phones while the teacher
was talking got higher scores on tests they took at the end of the class.
Kuznekoff said that one of the biggest challenges teachers have in the classroom is the non-stop
battle of keeping students working. He said many students felt they needed to be online and checking
messages even when they had important work to do in class. The researchers said it is very common for
students to be physically present in class, but mentally absent because they are using their mobiles.

32
Kuznekoff said teachers were fighting a "losing battle" because students were more interested in social
media than learning.
The London School of Economics did a study in England and found that test scores increased by
six per cent after mobile phones were banned in class.
A. Select the correct answers. (6 points)
1.Research showed that using social media.
a. increased test scores b. affected students' results badly c. increased students' attention
2. One of a teacher's biggest challenges is to.
a. keep students working b. encourage students to stop the battle. c. control students.
3. What do students check that stops them learning?
a. social media accounts b. test scores c. schedules and timetables.
4. What is it common for students to be in class?
a. perfect b. absent-minded c. mentally present.
5. What did a researcher say students felt they needed to do?
a. switch off their mobiles b. study hard c. be online
6. The best title for the above passage is:
a. The positive role of social media in learning.
b. Mobile Phones in the classroom.
c. The importance of tests.
B. Complete the following sentences with words or phrases from the text. (4 points)
1. Most students use their smart phones to be online and checking messages even when they had
important work to do in class
2. In England , students have made much progress in their tests because mobile phones were banned
in class
3. University students who got much better results in the tests scores had their phones switched off
4. Teachers are in a tough situation because students were more interested in social media than
learning.
Vocabulary
Use the words in the box to complete the sentences below:
wander – irreversible – occupation – pulled up – pulled down –
takes place – preserve – take for granted – touch – praised
1. His decision is irreversible There’s no going back to how things were before.
2. This event takes place every year on the same date.
3. Some people don’t even think about basic freedoms. They just take them for granted
4. After many years under occupation the country has finally become independent.
5. They pulled down the wall in the park to make a bigger play area.
6. Music and poetry really touch me. They can make me laugh or cry.
7. The film was highly praised. Everyone said how good it was.
8. We don’t have any plans, so we have time just to wander around the city on foot.
9. The plant was getting too big for the garden so we pulled it. up
10. I sometimes preserve fruit in sugar to stop it from going bad.
Complete the table by placing the adjectives from the box under the correct negative prefix.

regular – necessary – probable – agree – dependent – hurt –

polite – accurate – appear – reversible – possible – usual
dis- ir- im- in- un-
agree regular probable dependent necessary
appear reversible possible accurate hurt
33
 polite usual
Complete these sentences with negative adjectives from the table.
1. Many people waste money buying luxuries and other unnecessary things.
2. He’s a very independent person. He never asks other people for help.
3. Most mountains have an irregular shape but this one looks like a triangle.
4. It’s important that your CV isn’t inaccurate and full of mistakes.
5. In general, I think he’s right, but I disagree with him on a few points.
6. I can’t say it will never happen but I think it’s very improbable
7. In some countries, people don’t like you eating in the street. They think it’s impolite
8. Amazingly, the driver and passengers were unhurt after the accident.
Use the words in the box to complete the sentences below:
scholarship – ownership – friendship – partnership – membership – relationship – citizenship
1. Membership of the club costs £10 per year.
2. The university gave him a scholarship so he didn’t have to pay for his course.
3. One of the best things anyone can have is friendship
4. She has Australian citizenship because she is married to an Australian.
5. She doesn’t have a very good relationship with her sister.
6. Access to the countryside was becoming more of a challenge due to an increase in the ownership of
large areas of land by a small number of people.
7. He doesn’t own the whole company himself. It’s a partnership with another person.
Language and vocabulary study
Read these short conversations. Rewrite what the second person says, beginning with the words given.
1. A: Well, we’ve finished the painting at last. Do you like it?
B: Yes, I do. But shall we ask my mother what she thinks?
I suggest we ask / asking your mother what she thinks.
2. A: I really enjoy mountain climbing but I think I might be getting too old for it.
B: Yes, it’s a bit dangerous. I recommend taking up hill walking.
Why not / don't we take up hill walking?
3. A: Moving all this furniture is going to take a really long time.
B: Oh, there’s not so much. Come on, let’s do it together.
Shall we do it together?
4. A: I’m so busy this afternoon. I don’t think I’ll have time to go shopping.
B: There’s nothing we need today. Why not leave it until tomorrow?
I suggest we leave / leaving it till tomorrow
5. A: It takes about half an hour to walk to the office from the station.
B: Well, we don’t want to be late. I recommend going by taxi instead of walking.
Let’s go by taxi .
Complete the sentences below with words from the box:
look – guess – joke – break/rest – drink – try
1. I wasn’t sure what the answer was but I had a guess
2. Let me have a look Maybe I can see what the problem is.
3. It doesn’t matter if you do it wrong. Just have a try
4. I wasn’t being serious. I was just having a joke with you.
5. I’m getting tired. Shall we stop and have a break/rest ?
6. Let’s stop and have a drink at that café.

34
Use words from the box to complete the sentences. Look at the grammar of the sentence and show if
the words are used as verbs or nouns. Then read the sentences aloud, with the correct stress.
increase/decrease – import/export – present – upset – survey
1. A new survey shows that walking is even better for health than people thought. VERB / NOUN
2. We hope that next year we will be able to increase our sales. VERB / NOUN
3. Unfortunately, there has been a decrease in the number of people who walk. VERB / NOUN
4. Before oil fields were discovered, the country had to import most of its oil. VERB / NOUN
5. The companies export their products to other countries. VERB / NOUN
6. I’m looking for a present to give my brother. VERB / NOUN
7. He is going to present a news programme on Palestine TV. VERB / NOUN
8. I don’t understand what I did to upset you so much. VERB / NOUN
9. She’s very sorry for the upset she caused. VERB / NOUN
10. I recommend you survey the scene from the top of the hill. VERB / NOUN

The grammar rules

1. The phrase had better + infinitive (without to) is used for strong advice and warnings.
Example: It’s going to rain. You’d better take an umbrella.
2. We can use the phrase to give advice to ourselves or to other people.
Example: It’s getting late. We’d better hurry
3. We make the phrase negative by adding not before the infinitive.
Example: You’d better not forget to phone him or he’ll be angry.
4. It is usual to use the contracted form ( 'd better) instead of the full form.

Look at the situations below and make suggestions or give strong advice:
1. You and your friends need to catch a train. The train leaves quite soon and you haven’t left home yet.
We'd better leave fast
2. You have been in the town centre and have missed the last bus home.
I'd better take a taxi.
3. You and your friend are thinking about going for a long walk, perhaps lasting all day. The weather will
probably be very hot.
We'd better go for a walk next week.
4. You and your brother or sister are trying to decide what to buy as a present for your mother.
We'd better buy a bag.

The grammar the rule

To make certain verbs into adjectives, we can use the ing form.
Examples: surprise — surprising / amuse — amusing / amaze — amazing

Choose the correct answer between brackets:

1 His stories usually _____________________ me. ( amuse – amusing )
2 The details are really _____________________ ( touch – touching )
3 It’s the small details that really_____________________ people. ( touch – touching )
4 I always find the news_____________________ . (depresses– depressing )

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 5 Reading the news always_____________________ me. (depresses– depressing )
6 I think his stories are _____________________ (= quite funny) ( amuse – amusing )

Use -ing form of the verbs in the box to complete the sentences below:
amaze – surprise – touch – annoy – excite – depress – amuse
1. You might not laugh aloud but I think you’ll find it amusing
2. This is a touching story of the relationship between two sisters.
3. I don’t think you’ll guess what happens at the end. It’s very surprising
4. The last chapter was really exciting I couldn’t stop reading it.
5. It’s a very sad book. In fact you might think it’s rather depressing
6. I thought the way he kept changing from one story to another was quite annoying
7. But his book is really amazing You won’t believe it.
Unit 6
Revision
Use words from the box to complete the fixed phrases in the sentences below.
attention – behaved – responsibility – the law – an effort – policy – pressure – services
1 She’s a well- behaved student but she needs to make an effort to work a bit harder and pay more
attention in class.
2 It isn’t against the law if you don’t have a home insurance policy, but owners need to take more
responsibility for keeping their homes safe.
3 The growing population of older people has put public services like health care under pressure
Make the sentences below negative by adding prefixes to the underlined words.
1. This exercise contains only regular verbs. irregular
2. At first, most other parents were sure about Derek’s ideas. unsure
3. What she said seemed very polite but it wasn’t really. impolite
4. You should remember that these changes are reversible. irreversible
5. As soon as I entered the room I felt comfortable. uncomfortable
6. The way the letter is written is very formal. informal
7. When you click here, the picture on the screen appears. disappears
Complete the short dialogues by adding verbs from the box in the correct form: infinitive (with or
without to) or -ing.
eat – leave – take – start – put – try – be – do – lose – walk
1. A. I’ve lost my phone. What shall I do ?
B. I suggest putting a notice up in the school.
2. A. Shall we walk to the station?
B. No, it’s too far to walk. Let’s take a taxi.
3. A. Where shall we eat tonight?
B. Why don’t we try that new restaurant in town?
4. A. The doctor has advised me to lose some weight.
B. Well, you’d better start eating a bit less.
5. A. We’d better not be late for the meeting.
B. No. I suggest that we leave now.
Rewrite the sentences using both … and, either … or, or neither … nor.
1. The weather at this time of the year isn’t too hot and it isn’t too cold.
The weather at this time of the year is neither hot nor cold.
2. The end of the film was surprising, and also funny.
The end of the film was both surprising and funny.
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3. I don’t like playing sport and my friends also don’t like it.
Neither I nor my friends like playing sport.

4. You can eat your sandwich here but if you prefer you can take it away.
You can either eat your sandwich here or take it away
5. I had a lot of help from my family and also from my friends.
I had a lot of help from both my family and my friends
6. There are no grades in this test. You pass or you fail.
There are no grades in this test. You either pass or you fail.
Complete the adjective phrases in these sentences by adding the past participle of a verb from the box.
know – dress – pay – write – inform
1. This is a well- paid job, so I can’t afford to lose it.
2. She spends a lot on clothes, so she’s always well dressed
3. Perhaps you’ve never heard of him but in my country he’s a very well-known singer.
4. He always reads the newspapers, so he’s very well informed about what’s happening in the world.
5. I agree that it’s a well-written book but it isn’t very exciting, is it?
Write sentences to say what these people are wishing or hoping (there may be different possible
answers).
1. We’re going for a long walk tomorrow, so we need dry weather.
I hope the weather is / will be dry for our walk tomorrow
2. It’s a wonderful coat but I don’t have enough money to buy it.
I wish I had enough money to buy that coat.
3. I’m going to study science at university because I want to make a difference to the world.
I hope to study science so that I can make a difference to the world.
4. This is a really good job but I don’t think my English is good enough.
I really like this job but I wish my English was better.
Complete the sentences below with words from the box:
away – back – in – back – threw – try – pick – take – bring – up
1. You can borrow the money but you’ll have to pay it back next week.
2. You won’t need your books this lesson, so you can put them away
3. I need to fill in this form and send it today.
4. I’ve finished this book. Can you take it back to the library, please?
5. Their house is very clean. You have to take off your shoes before you go in.
6. I like this coat but it might be too small. Can I try it on?
7. I’m sorry I threw away the magazine. I didn’t know you hadn’t read it.
8. She asked them to pick up the rubbish they dropped in the street.
9. We can’t just leave students to pick these things up
10. Please bring back the book when you’ve finished reading it.
Choose the correct verb from the boxes to complete the sentences.
come – go – turn – break – make – do – have

1. I’m not sure if this letter is OK. Could you have a look at it, please?
2. With a little more effort he would make excellent progress.
3. Could you do me a favour and help me carry this box, please?
4. We’re getting tired. We need to stop and have a rest.
5. I’m trying to read this maths book but the information won’t go in.
6. Do you mind if I break into and ask a question?
7. He’s going to come into a lot of money next year.
8. Maths exercises are more fun if you turn them into games.
Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
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1. I had rather travel by train than by bus. would
2. I prefer watching TV to read books. reading
3. You won’t be allowed to enter unless you don’t have the right documents.
You won’t be allowed to enter unless you have the right documents.
4. I hope they wouldn’t arrive early because I’m not ready yet. won't
5. It’s not really dangerous as far as you’re careful.
It’s not really dangerous as long as you’re careful.
6. The story of an old man and his daughter is really touched. touching
7. You would better do the work now because there won’t be time later. had
8. I’m too tired to work now, so I’ll prefer to stop and finish this tomorrow. I'd ( would prefer to )
Circle the correct options to complete the sentences.
1. In 1954, this country passed a new law saying that you had to / don’t have to / mustn’t pass a test
before you could drive a car.
2. This is very important: you don’t have to / must / mustn’t check your CV for mistakes before you send it.
3. It’s a holiday tomorrow, so we mustn’t / aren’t allowed to / don’t have to go to school.
4. At my last school, we had to / didn’t have to / were allowed to wear what we wanted but at this one
we had to / are allowed to / have to wear a school uniform.
5. It’s not fair. My brother is allowed to / doesn’t need to / must stay out late but I have to / am allowed
to / mustn’t be home before eight o’clock.

Writing
3. Write an online review of a book you have read or a film you have seen. Write three short
paragraphs and include these points:
Paragraph 1: Give the title of the book and the name of the writer. Say what you enjoyed or didn’t enjoy
about the book.
Paragraph 2: Say what the book is about. Say who are the important people in it (if it is a story) or what
the writer’s main points are (if it is not a story).
Paragraph 3: Make a suggestion or give advice to people who might be thinking about buying the book.

Sample answer:
Missing Person by Ken Forbes is one of the most exciting books I’ve ever read. It’s a mystery /
detective story but the writing style is much better than a lot of books of this type. Often, you get near
the end of a book and you can’t stop reading it till you know what happens, but with this one you get
that same feeling after the first chapter.
The story is about an ordinary man whose brother disappears without any explanation. He decides that
the police aren’t taking the matter seriously enough so he sets out to look for his brother by himself. I
won’t spoil it by telling you what happens but he learns a lot of things he didn’t know before about
himself as well as his brother.
If you like reading mystery stories, you’re sure to enjoy this one. In fact, even if you don’t normally
read this kind of thing, I still recommend buying it. I’m sure you won’t regret it.

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