1.

RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

RDBMS stands for relational database management system—a software system that
enables you to define, create, maintain, and control access to relational databases. It
is the underlying part of the interface layer that helps you store and work with data.

RDBMS proved to be the optimal choice for data management in software solutions
from nearly every business domain. Examples of the most popular relational
database management systems include Oracle, MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server,
PostgreSQL and SQLite.

Five most popular RDBMS are:

1. Oracle
Oracle DBMS is a commercial, multi-model database
management system. It is also known as Oracle Database or
just Oracle. Oracle Database is renowned for its overall
complexity, rather difficult management, and high costs.
However, in exchange it offers high portability and backward
compatibility, easy recovery, and excellent performance. It is
commonly used for running: online transaction processing
(OLTP) and data warehousing (DW).

Developer: Oracle Corporation.

2. MySQL
MySQL is one of the leading relational database
management systems that boasts a huge community.
Although MySQL is generally a free and open-source
RDBMS, it is also available under a variety of
proprietary licenses. Many database-driven web
applications, such as WordPress, Joomla and phpBB,
as well as many popular websites like MediaWiki,
Twitter and Facebook, use MySQL.

Developer: Oracle Corporation.

Original author: MySQL AB
 3. Microsoft SQL Server
Microsoft SQL Server is pretty much the world's most advanced
commercial RDBMS and perfectly tailored to corporate IT
environments. Microsoft SQL Server is a commercial relational
database management system. It delivers secure and efficient
data storage and an infrastructure with multiple additional
services. It is available in multiple editions, divided into three
main categories: mainstream, specialized and discontinued
editions.

Developer: Microsoft

4. PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL is a free, open-source RDBMS that offers rich
functionality, support for a wide variety of data types, and
storage of schema less data. It was initially developed as a
successor of the Ingres database, developed at the University of
California, Berkeley. The popularity of PostgreSQL is currently on
the rise

Developer: PostgreSQL Global Development Group

5. SQLite
SQLite is a public domain database engine that belongs to the
embedded, relational database management systems family.
SQLite is a fast and compact database engine; not a full-
fledged piece of software, but rather a library that can be
embedded in applications. It has bindings to
many programming languages.

Developer: Dwayne Richard Hipp

 2. NoSQL
Standing for Not Only SQL, NoSQL databases are database management systems that
are commonly used when working outside of the more traditional and rigid structure
of a SQL database system. In this sense, NoSQL databases are commonly viewed as
more flexible than SQL databases because of their compatibility with different types
of data, schemas, and structures. Due to the numerous data types and formats
available, NoSQL databases are also categorized through multiple types, with most
NoSQL databases falling into the categories of document databases, column
databases, graph databases, and key-value stores.

Five most popular NoSQL are:

1. Redis
Redis is a multi-operational open-source platform of
which its role as a database is only one of its many uses.
Redis can be used as a key store value NoSQL database,
meaning that data within the database can be stored as
unique keys and corresponding values. Key store
databases, like Redis, are especially useful for data
scientists that need to collect multiple types of data in
the same storage system. For example, Redis allows for
the collection of documents, graphs, and other objects within its storage system.

2. MongoDB
One of the most popular NoSQL databases for data
scientists and developers alike, MongoDB is an
open-source document database that is commonly
used in the development of applications and
software. MongoDB can also be operated with
Atlas, a cloud-based database, as well as
MongoDB React for application development.
MongoDB is essential for data scientists that are working with data from websites
and in need of a database that can change and develop over time.
 3. Apache Cassandra
Part of the Apache Software Foundation, Cassandra is
an open-source NoSQL database which makes it easier
for data scientists to create a distributed database
management system. Through horizontal scalability
which allows data scientists to store information and
data across nodes of databases, Cassandra is known for
enabling ease of communication between the nodes.

4. Amazon DynamoDB
Offering multiple database management tools for data
scientists, DynamoDB is one of many products from Amazon
Web Services (AWS). Amazon DynamoDB is a key-value store
NoSQL database that is primarily marketed as a fast and
efficient storage system for data scientists. In addition,
DynamoDB is used within the world of web development,
including the development of games and mobile applications.

5. Oracle NoSQL
Known for its many SQL database management
systems and services, Oracle has also developed a
NoSQL database that prioritizes web development. The
Oracle NoSQL database employs the formats of JSON,
tables, and key-value stores, which means that it can
be used with both structured and unstructured
datasets. Similar to other NoSQL databases, Oracle
NoSQL prioritizes scalability, flexibility, and changeability across the data science life
cycle.
 3. CLOUD DATABASES
A cloud database is a database that is created, maintained, stored and accessed in a
cloud environment. These databases can be accessed through a web interface and
offer functionality similar to traditional databases. With the amount of information
and data that businesses require these days to be successful, the major challenge is
storing this data and information. Usually, any data or information is stored
in databases, but again, these have limited capacities. This is where a cloud database
comes in.

Five most popular Cloud databases are:

1. Microsoft Azure
Azure SQL Database is a fully managed relational cloud database
that is part of Microsoft's Azure SQL family. It provides a database-
as-a-service solution built specifically for the cloud, combining the
flexibility of a multi-model database with automated
management, scaling, and security. Azure SQL database is always
up-to-date, with Microsoft handling all updates, backups, and
provisioning. This enables developers to focus on building their
applications without database administration overhead.

2. Google BigQuery
Google BigQuery is a powerful, fully-managed cloud-
based data warehouse that helps businesses analyse
and manage massive datasets. With its server less
architecture, BigQuery enables lightning-fast SQL
queries and data analysis, processing millions of rows
in seconds. You can store your data in Google Cloud
Storage or in BigQuery's own storage, and it
seamlessly integrates with other GCP products like
Data Flow and Data Studio, making it a top choice for data analytics tasks.
 3. Snowflake
Snowflake is a powerful, self-managed data
platform designed for the cloud. Unlike
traditional offerings, Snowflake combines a
new SQL query engine with an innovative
cloud-native architecture, providing a faster,
easier-to-use, and highly flexible solution for
data storage, processing, and analytics. As a
true self-managed service, Snowflake takes
care of hardware and software management, upgrades, and maintenance, allowing
users to focus on deriving insights from their data.

4. IBM Db2
IBM Db2 is a type of cloud database solution that was
developed by IBM for storing, analysing, and retrieving
data more effectively. This database also provides
support to the Object Oriented features and the
relational models. IBM Db2 also helps in managing the
core businesses all across an organization. IBM
Db2 helps in enhancing operational database
management solutions. It also provides workload
performance optimization and data security. It is used
to store and manage customers’ data, financial
transactions, and so on.

5. Amazon Web Services

One of the largest cloud providers on the market at this time is Amazon Web
Services (AWS), which includes dozens of data science
tools that are useful for everything from data analysis and
visualization to machine learning and artificial intelligence. AWS
offers several cloud databases for Data Scientists including
Amazon RDS, a SQL relational database management system,
and Amazon DynamoDB, a NoSQL key-value database. In
addition to these cloud database management
systems, Amazon Redshift can be used to create data
warehouses and pipelines for easy data migration.