IIT JEE 2021 – Mathematics syllabus

Mathematics Syllabus
Algebra:
Algebra of complex numbers, addition, multiplication, conjugation, polar representation, properties of
modulus and principal argument, triangle inequality, cube roots of unity, geometric interpretations.
Quadratic equations with real coefficients, relations between roots and coefficients, formation of
quadratic equations with given roots, symmetric functions of roots.
Arithmetic, geometric and harmonic progressions, arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, sums
of finite arithmetic and geometric progressions, infinite geometric series, sums of squares and cubes
of the first n natural numbers.
Logarithms and their properties.
Permutations and combinations, Binomial theorem for a positive integral index, properties of
binomial coefficients.
Matrices as a rectangular array of real numbers, equality of matrices, addition, multiplication by a
scalar and product of matrices, transpose of a matrix, determinant of a square matrix of order up to
three, inverse of a square matrix of order up to.T . C IR
I three, CL of these matrix operations, diagonal,
properties
symmetric and skew-symmetric matricesI.and their RDS
E
properties, solutions of simultaneous linear
OW A
equations in two or three variables. T C
N
O
REV UTIO

Addition and multiplication rules of probability, conditional probability, Bayes Theorem,

MP

independence of events, computation of probability of events using permutations and combinations.

ETITION
OL

Trigonometry:
Trigonometric functions, their periodicity and graphs, addition and subtraction formulae, formulae
involving multiple and sub-multiple angles, general solution of trigonometric equations.
Relations between sides and angles of a triangle, sine rule, cosine rule, half-angle formula and the
area of a triangle, inverse trigonometric functions (principal value only).

Analytical geometry:
Two dimensions:
Cartesian coordinates, distance between two points, section formulae, shift of origin.
Equation of a straight line in various forms, angle between two lines, distance of a point from a line;
Lines through the point of intersection of two given lines, equation of the bisector of the angle between
two lines, concurrency of lines; Centroid, orthocentre, incentre and circumcentre of a triangle.
Equation of a circle in various forms, equations of tangent, normal and chord.
Parametric equations of a circle, intersection of a circle with a straight line or a circle, equation of a
circle through the points of intersection of two circles and those of a circle and a straight line.
Equations of a parabola, ellipse and hyperbola in standard form, their foci, directrices and
eccentricity, parametric equations, equations of tangent and normal.

Locus Problems.
Three dimensions:
Direction cosines and direction ratios, equation of a straight line in space, equation of a plane,
distance of a point from a plane.
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 01
Differential calculus:
Real valued functions of a real variable, into, onto and one-to-one functions, sum, difference, product
and quotient of two functions, composite functions, absolute value, polynomial, rational,
trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions.
Limit and continuity of a function, limit and continuity of the sum, difference, product and quotient of
two functions, L'Hospital rule of evaluation of limits of functions.

ary
Even and odd functions, inverse of a function, continuity of composite functions, intermediate value
property of continuous functions.
Derivative of a function, derivative of the sum,
difference, product and quotient of two functions, chain rule, derivatives of polynomial, rational,

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trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions.
Derivatives of implicit functions, derivatives up to order two, geometrical interpretation of the
derivative, tangents and normals, increasing and decreasing functions, maximum and minimum

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values of a function, Rolle's Theorem and Lagrange's Mean Value Theorem.

Integral calculus:
Integration as the inverse process of differentiation, indefinite integrals of standard functions, definite
integrals and their properties, Fundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus.
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Integration by parts, integration by the methods of substitution and partial fractions, application of
definite integrals to the determination of areas involving simple curves.
Formation of ordinary differential equations, solution of homogeneous differential equations,
separation of variables method, linear first order differential equations.
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Vectors:

Addition of vectors, scalar multiplication, dot and cross products, scalar triple products and their
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geometrical interpretations.
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I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 02

 W.B. IIT JEE 2021 – Mathematics syllabus
Mathematics Syllabus
Algebra : A.P., G.P., H.P. : Definitions of A.P. and G.P.; General term; Summation of first n-terms; A.M.
and G.M.; Definitions of H.P. (only 3 terms) and H.M.; Finite arithmetic-geometric series.
Logarithms Definition; General properties; Change of base.
Complex number : Definition and properties of complex numbers; complex conjugate; Triangle
inequality; Square root of complex number; Cube roots of unity; DMoivres theorem (statement only)
and its elementary applications.
Quadratic Equation : Quadratic equations with real coefficients; Relations between roots and
coefficients; Nature of roots; Formation of a quadratic equation, sign and magnitude of the quadratic
expression ax2+ bx + c (a, b, c are rational numbers)
Permutation and Combination : Permutation of n different things taken r at a time (r n). Permutation
of n things not all different. Permutation with repetitions (circular permutation excluded).
Combinations of n different things taken r at a time (r n) . Combination of n things not all different.
Basic properties. Problems involving both permutations and combinations.
Principle of mathematical induction : Statement CoIR
the principal. Proof by induction for the sum of
. T. CL properties like 22 n - 1 is divisible by 3
I.I Adivisibility
squares, sum of cubes of first n natural numbers,
RDS
E
(n1), 7 divides 32 n + 1 + 2n + 2 (n 1) O W C
T
Binomial Theorem (positive integral index) N Statement of the theorem, general term, middle term,
O
REV UTIO

MP

equidistant terms, properties of binomial co-efficients. Infinite series Binomial theorem for negative
ETITION

and fractional index. Infinite G.P. series, Exponential and Logarithmic series with range of validity
OL

(statement only), simple applications.

Matrices : Concepts of n mW (m 3, n 3) matrices, operations of addition, scalar multiplication and
multiplication of matrices. Transpose of matrix. Determinant of a square matrix. Properties of
determinants (statement only). Minor, Cofactor and adjoint of a matrix. Nonsingular matrix. Inverse
of matrix. Finding area of a triangle. Solutions of system of linear equations. (Not more then 3
variables)
Sets, Relation and Mapping idea of sets, subsets, power set, complement, union, intersection and
difference of sets, Venn diagram, De Morgans Laws, Inclusion / Exclusion formula for two or three
finite sets, Cartesian product of sets. Relation and its properties. Equivalence relation definition and
elementary examples, mappings, range and domain, injective, surjective and bijective mappings,
composition of mappings, inverse of a mapping.
Probability Classical definition, addition rule, conditional probability and Bayes theorem,
independence, multiplication rules Trigonometry Trigonometric rations, compound angles, multiple
and submultiple angles, general solution of trigonometric equations. Properties of triangles, inverse
trigonometric functions. Co-ordinate geometry of two dimensions basic ideas : Distance formula,
section formula, area of a triangle, conditions of collinearity of three points in a plane. Polar
coordinates, transformation from Cartesian to polar coordinates and vice-versa. Parallels
transformation of axes, concept of locus, elementary locus problems.
Straight Line : Slope of a line. Equation of lines in different forms, angle between two lines. Condition
of perpendicularity and parallelism of two lines. Distance of a point from a line. distance between two
parallel lines. Lines through the pont of intersection of two lines.
Circle : Equation of a circle with a given center and radius. Condition that a general equation of
second degree in x, y may represent a circle. Equation of a circle in terms of endpoints of a diameter.
Parametric equation of a circle intersection of a line with a circle. Equation of common chord of two
intersecting circles.

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 03

Conics : Definition, Directrix, Focus and Eccentricity, classification based on eccentricity.
2 2
Parabola : Standard equation. Reduction of the form x = ay + by + c or y = ax + bx + c to the standard
from y2 = 4ax or x2 = 4y respectively. Elementary properties and parametric equation of a parabola.
Ellipse and Hyperbola : Reduction to standard form of general equation of second degree when xy
term is absent. Conjugate hyperbola. Simple properties. Parametric equations. Location of a point
with respect to a conic.

ary
Differential calculus : Functions, composition of two functions and inverse of a function, limit,
continuity, derivative, chain rule, derivatives of implicit functions and of functions defined
parametrically. Rolles Theorem and Lagranges Mean Value theorem (statement only). Their
geometric interpretation and elementary application. L-Hospitals rule (statement only) and
applications. Second order derivative.
Integral Calculus : Integration as a reverse process of differentiation, indefinite integral of standard

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functions. Integration by parts. Integration by substitution and partial fraction. Definite integral as a
limit of a sum with equal subdivisions. Fundamental theorem of integral calculus and its application.
Properties of definite integrals.
Differential Equations :Formulation and solution of differential equation of the forms.

r. T
1. dy / dx = (x) . g (y)
2. dy / dx = (y / x)
3. dy / dx = (ax + by) / (cx + dy)
4. dy / dx = (a1x + b1y + c1) / (a2x + b2y + c2) / ((a1 / a2 = b1 / b2)
jK
5. dy / dx + p(x)y = Q(x)
7. d2y / dx2 + p1dy / dx + p2y = 0 with p1 and p2 constants.
8. d2y / dx2 = (x)
Application of calculus : Tangents and normals, conditions of tangency. Determination of
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monotonicity, maxima and minima. Differential coefficient as a measure of rate. Motion in a straight
line with constant acceleration. Geometric interpretation of definite integral as area, calculation of
area bounded by elementary curves and straight lines. Area of the region included between two
elementary curves.
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I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 04

Sequence : It is collection of number .

Type of sequence

Finite Sequence Infinite Sequence

Finite of sequence : No of term is countable.

Infinite : Sequence :- No. of term is uncountable.

Progression : It is a sequence in which each term follow a specific pattern

Ex. (a) 1, 2, 3, 4, ........... (b) 2, 22, 23 ,..............
Type of Progression

Arithmetic Progression Some special

. C IRProgression
Harmonic CL
.II.T E sequence
Geometric Progression OWARDS
T C Arithmetic geometrico
N
O
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progression
MP
ETITION
OL

Series : If each term of the sequence is operated by either + or - then the sequence becomes a
series
Example : (a) 2 + 22+ 23 + ...... (b) 1 + 3 + 5 ...........+ 51

Arithmetic progression : An arithmetic progression (A.P) is a sequence in which the difference

between any term and its just preceding term is constant through out. This constant is called the
common difference of the A.P.
d = an - 1 nÎ
an - N
Example (a) 1, 3, 5, 7,........... (b) a, a -
b, a -2b, a -
3b, ..........

Self Practice Problem

1. If the nth term an of a sequence is given by an = n2 -

n + 1, write down its first five terms .

2. Let an be a sequence defined by a1 = 3 and an = 3an -

1 + 2 for all n > 1, find the sequence an.

3. Let an be a sequence such that a1 = 1 = a2, an = an -

1 + an -
2, n > 2 find the sequence an.

4. Show that sequence an defined by an = 4n + 5 is an A.P. Also , find the common difference
2
5. Show that the sequence an defined an = 2n + 1 is not an A.P.

ANSWER

1. 1, 3, 7, 13, 21 2. 3, 11, 35, 107 3. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5 4. 4

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 05

General term of A.P.
Let a be the first term and d be the common difference of an A.P. Then its nth term of
a + (n -1)d i.e. an = a+(n -1)d

nth term of an A.P. from the end.

Let a be the first term and d the common difference of an A.P. having m terms. Then nth

ary
term from the end is (m - n + 1) from the beginning .
\ nth term from the end = am - n + 1 = a+(m -
n)d.
Also nth term from the end.
= am + ( n -
1) (- d)

Self Practice Problem

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1. Show that the sequence 9, 12, 15, 18,........ is an A.P. Find its 16th term and the general
term.

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2. Which term of the sequence 4, 9, 14, 19, ...... is 124.

3. If pth , qth and rth terms of an A.P. are a, b, c respectively then show that a(q -
r) + b( r -
p)
+ c(p - q) = 0

4. Show that the sum of (m + n)th and (m -

n)th term of an A.P. is equal to twice the mth term.
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5. If the pth term of an A.P. is q and the qth term is p. prove that its nth term is (p + q -
n)

6. In the A.P. 2, 5, 8.......... upto 50 terms and 3, 5, 7, 9, .......... upto 60 terms find how many
terms are identical.
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7. If a1, a2, a3 ............. an are in A.P. then show that

1 1 1 n-1
+ +.......... + =
a1 + a2 a2 + a3 a n-
1 + an a1 + an
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8. If a1, a2, a3 , ............ , an be an A.P. of non-zero terms , prove that

1 1 1 n- 1
++ ........... + =
a1 a 2 a 2 a 3 a n-
1 an a1 a n

9. If (m + 1) the term of a AP is twice the ( n + 1) th term, prove that (3m + 1)th term is twice
:

the (m +n + 1) th term.

10. How many number of two digit are divisible by 3?

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11. Find the 12th term from the end of the following A.P.
(a) 3, 5, 7, 9 ...........201 (b) 3, 8, 13, ............. 253
(c) 1, 4, 7, 10 , ............. 88

ANSWER

1. a16 = 54, an = 3n + 6 2. n = 25 6. 20 10. 30

11. (a) 179 (b) 198 (c) 55

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 06
Sum of n-terms of an A.P.
The sum to n-terms pf an A.P. with first term a and common difference d is:
n
Sn = [2a + (n - 1)d]
2
n
Or, Sn = [a +l]
2
Where l is the last term
N.B . a n =
sn -
sn -
1

Self Practice Problem

1. Find the sum of 20 terms of the A.P. 1, 4, 7, 10,............

2. Find the sum of the series 5 + 13 + 21 + ......... + 181

3. Find the sum of all natural numbers between 250 and 1000 which are exactly divisible by
3. .T. C IR CL
I .I E
WARDS C
4. TO of its n terms
Prove that a sequence is A.P. if the sum is of the form An2 + Bn, where A, B
N
O
are constant.
REV UTIO

MP
ETITION

5. The sum of the first p, q, r terms of an A.P. are a.b,c respectively . Show that
OL

a b c
(q -
r) + (r -
p) + (p -
q) =
0
p q r

6. The sum of n, 2n, 3n terms of an A.P. are S1, S2, S3 respectively then prove that
S3 = 3(S2 -
S 1)

7. The ratio of the sum of m and n terms of an A.P. is m2 : n2 . Show that the ratio of the mth
and the nth term is (2m -1) ; (2n -
1)

8. If S1, S2 , S3 .........Sm are the sums of n terms of m A.P.s whose first terms are 1, 2, 3, .......m
and common difference are 1, 3, 5, .......... (2m - 1) respectively. Show that
mn
S1 + S2 + .......... +Sm = [mn +1]
2
9. If the mth term of an A.P. is 1/n and the nth term is 1/m , show that the sum of mn term is
1 /2 (mn + 1)

10. How many terms of the series 54, 51, 48, ........ be taken. So that their sum is 513? Explain
the double answer.

11. Find the sum of all natural number between 1 and 100 , which are divisible by 2 or 5.

ANSWER

1. 590 2. 2139 3. 156375 10. n = 18, 19 11. 3050

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 07

Selection of term in AP.

Number of term term common difference

3 a-
d, a, a + d d
4 a-
3d, a - d, a + d, a + 3d 2d
5 a-
2d, a- d, a, a + d, a + 2d d

ary
6 a-
5d, a - 3d, a - d, a + d, a + 3d, a + 5d 2d

Properties of A.P.
(a) If a1, a2, a3,.......... are in A.P. then
a1 ± k. a2 ± k, a3 ± k ,......... are also in A.P.

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(b) If a1, a2, a3,.......... are in A.P. then
a1 k, a2 k, a3 k ,......... and a1 /k, a2 /k, a3 /k ......... are also in A.P. (k ¹
0).

(c) If a1, a2, a3 and b1, b2, b3 .......... are two A.P.s.Then a1 ±
b1,
a2 ± b2, a3 ±
b3,........ are in also in

r. T
AP.

(d) If a1, a2, a3,.........., an are in A.P. then a1 + an = a2 + an -

1 = a3 + an -
2 = ............

(e) If nth term of any sequence is linear expression in n then sequence is A.P.
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2
(f) If sum of n terms of any sequence is quadratic expression in n (i.e. Sn = an + bn ) then
sequence is A.P.

(g) The common difference of an A.P. can be zero , positive or negative.

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Self practice problem

1. The sum of three numbers in A.P. is -

3 , and their product is 8. Find the numbers.
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2. Divided 32 into four parts which are in A.P. such that the product of extremes is to the
product of means is 7 : 15

ANSWER

1. -
4, -
1, 2 or 2, -
1, -
4 2. 2, 6, 10, 14
:

Arithmetic mean
By

³
Single arithmetic mean between a and b.
Let A be the arithmetic mean of a and b then
a, A, b are in A.P.
A- a=b- A
2A = a + b
a+ b
A=
2
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 08
³
Insertion of n-arithmetic means between a and b.
Let A1, A2,........., An be n arithmetic mean between two quantities a and b.
a1 A1 , A 2 , ................ A n , b ore in A.P.
b- a
Now d =
n+ 1
\A1 =a+d, A1 =
a+
2d ............. ........... A n =
a+
nd
N.B. - The sum of n arithmetic means between two numbers is n times the single A.M. between
them.

Self Practice Problem

1. Insert three A.M. between 3 and 19.

2. Insert 4 A.M. between 4 and 19.

. C IR
3. For what value of n,
a n+
1
b n+
+ 1
.I.TA.M. of C
isIthe a
LE
and b.
a+b OWARDS C
T
N
O
REV UTIO

MP

4. Between 1 and 31 are inserted m AMs so that the ratio of the 7th and (m -
1)th means is
ETITION

5 : 9. Find the value of m.

OL

5. If x, y, z are in A.P. and A1 is the A.M. of x and y and A2 is A.M. of y and z then prove that
A.M. of A1 and A2 is y.

ANSWER

1. 7, 11, 15 2. 7, 10, 13, 16 3. n = 0 4. m = 14

Geometric Progression G.P.

A geometric progression is a sequence. If the ratio of any term and its just proceding term
is constant throughout. This constant factor is called the common ratio of the G.P.

General term of G.P.

n-
1
If a be the first term and r be the common ratio then general term is given by an = ar

nth term from the end of a finite G.P.

m-
n.
The nth term from the end of a finite G.P. consisting of m terms is ar
Also the nth term from the end of a G.P. with last term l and common ration r is given by
n-1
æ1ö
an = lç ÷
èrø

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 09

 Self Practice Problem
1 1
1. Find the 9th term and the general term of the progression, , -,1, -
2 ..........
4 2
2. Find the ninth term of the G.P. 1, 4, 16, 64, .........
1

ary
3. Find the 12th term of G.P. 33
, ax, a 5 x 5 ,..........
a x
1 1 1
4. When term of G.P. 2, 1, , ,...............is ?
2 4 128
5. Which term of the G.P. 2, 2 2 ,4,........is 128.

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6. The fourth , seventh and the last term of a G.P. are 10, 80 and 2560 respectively. Find the
first term and the number of terms of in the G.P.
7. The first term of a G.P. is 1. The sum of the third and fifth term is 90. Find the common ratio

r. T
of the G.P.
8. If the first and the nth term of a G.P. are a and b respectively and if P is the product of the
first nth term, prove that P 2 =
(ab) n
9. If the pth , qth and rth terms of a G.P. are a, b, c respecively , prove that a q -
r
. br -
p
. cp -
q
=
1.
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ANSWER

1)n -
1. a9 = 64, an = (- 1 n-
2 3 2. 48 3. (ax)41 4. n = 9

5. 13th 6. a = 10/8, n = 12 7. r = ±
3
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Sum of n term of a G.P.

The sum of n terms of a G.P. with first term ‘’a’’ and the common ratio ‘r’ is given by :
æ rn -1ö ærn ö
1-
Sn = aç
ç ÷ aç
or Sn = ÷
,r ¹
1
1÷ ç r ÷
Ma

è r- ø 1-
è ø
If r =1, Sn =na.

Self Practice Problem

1. Find the sum of 7 term of the G.P. 3, 6, 12, ...........

:

2 2 2
æ1 ö æ2 1 ö æ3 1 ö
2. Find the sum of n terms of the sequence : ç x+ ÷ ,ç
x + 2 ÷
,ç
x + 3 ÷
,........
èx ø èx ø èx ø
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3. Find the sum of the series x(x + y) + x2 (x2 + y2) + x3 (x3 + y3) + ....... to n terms.

1 1
4. The 4th and 7th terms of a G.P. are and respectively. Find the sum of n term of
27 729
the G.P.
n-
1 n+
1
é10
1 öæ
æ 1ö ù
5. Find the sum of å ç
ê ÷ +
ç÷ ú
2 øè
è
ê
1ë
n= 5ø ú
û
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 10
6. Find the sum of the following series
(a) 5 + 55 + 555 + 5555 + ........... to n terms
(b) 0.7 + 0.77 + 0.777 + ........... to n terms.

7. The sum of first three terms of a G.P. is 16 and the sum of the next three terms is 128. Find
the sum of n terms of the G.P.

8. If S be the sum, P the product and R the sum of the reciprocal of n terms of a G.P. then
n
S ö2
prove that æ
ç =
÷p .
Rø
è

9. If S1, S2 and S3 be respectively the sum of n, 2n and 3n terms of a G.P. prove that S1(S3 -
S 2)
2
= (S2 - S1)

10. If S1, S2 ........ Sn are the sums of n term of n G.P. s whose first term is 1 in each and common
ratios are 1, 2, 3, .........n respectively then prove that S1 + S2 + 2S3 + 3S4 + ........+ ( n -
1)Sn
n n n n
= 1 + 2 + 3 + ........... + n . C IRT. CL
I .I . E
11. Show that the ratio of the sum of first O WARD
n terms ofSa G.P. to the sum of terms from (n + 1)th to
C
T
N
O
1
REV UTIO

MP
(2n)th term is n
r
ETITION
OL

12. If f is a function satisfying f(x + y) = f(x) . f(y) for all x, y ÎN such that f(1) = 3 and
n

å
f(x) =
x=
1
120, find the value of n.

ANSWER
x 2n -
æ 1ö
æ 1 ö x 2n -
2é 1ù é (xy)n -1ù
1. 381 2. ç x2 +
÷ 3. x ê +
úxy ê
ç
x -2 ç
÷
1ø
èx ø
+
2n ÷
2n x -
ë
2
1 ûë xy - 1 ú
û
è
10
4. 3 æ1ö 5. 2 9-1 510 - 1 5
6. (a) [10n +
1
1-
ç ÷ + 11
-
10 -
9n]
2è 3n ø 2 4´ 5 81
7 é 1 ù
(b) 9n -
1+ 7. 16 (2n -
1) 12. n = 4
ê nú
81 ë 10 û 7

Selection of term
No. of terms Terms Common ratio
a
3 , a, ar r
r
a a
3
, , ar, ar 3 2
4. r r r
a a
2
, , a, ar, ar 2
5. r r r
a a a
5
, 3 , , ar, ar 3 , ar 5 2
6. r r r r
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 11
Properties of G.P.

(a) If a1, a2, a3,.......... are in G.P. then

a1 k, a2 k, a3 k......... and a1 /k, a2 /k, a3 /k ......... are also in G.P. (k ¹
0).

(b) If a1, a2, a3,.......... are in G.P. then 1/ a1 , 1/a2 , 1/a3 are also in G.P.

ary
(c) If a1, a2, a3 .........and b1, b2, b3 .......... are two G.P.s.Then a1b1,
a2 b2, a3b3,........ and
a1/b1, a2/ b2, a3/b3.......... are also in G.P.

(d) If a1, a2, a3,.......... and b1, b2, b3 .......... are two G.P.s then a1±
b1,
a2±
b2, a3±
b3.......... are in
not in G.P.

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(e) If a1, a2, a3,.......... are in G.P. (ai > 0. "
I)then log , a1, log a2, log a3 ......... are in A.P. In this
case the converse also holds good.

r. T
(f) If a1, a2, a3,.......... an are in G.P. then a1r .a2r .a3r , ......... are in also in G.P. Where r Î
Q.

(g) If a1, a2, a3,.......... an are in G.P. then

(i) a1a n =
a 2a n -
1 =
a3 an -
2 =
........
(ii) a r =
ar-
k ar+
k "
k, 0 £
k£
n-
r
jK
(h) If a1 a 2 a 3 a 4 ..........., a n - a2 a3 a4 an
1 , an are in G.P. then = = =
....... =
a1 a 2 a 3 an- 1

a 22 =
Þ a 3a1 , a 32 =
a 2a 4 ,............also a 2 = a1r 2 , a 4 =
a1r, a 3 = a1r 3 ,......, a n =
a1 r n -
1

Where r is common ratio.

no

Self Practice Problem

Ma

1. If the sum of three numbers in G.P. is 38 and their product is 1728, find them.

2. The sum of first three terms of a G.P. is 13/12 and their product is -
1 . Find the G.P.

3. The sum of three numbers in G.P. is 14. If the first two terms are each increased by 1 and
the third therm decreased by 1, the resulting number are in A.P. Find the number.
:

ANSWER
By

4 3 3 4
1. 8, 12, 18 or 18, 12, 8 2. ,-
1, or ,-
1, ,.... 3. 2, 4, 8 or 8, 4, 2
3 4 4 3

Infinite G.P.

The sum of infinite G.P. with first term a and the common ratio is r
a
where -
1 < r < 1, is given by S =
1- r
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 12
 Self practice Problem
1 1 1
2 4 8
1. Prove that 6 . 6 . 6 ........... µ
=
6
2. If x =
1+a2 +
a+ ........... µ
, where a <
1 and y =
1+b2 +
b+ ........... µ
where b <
1
xy
then prove that 1 + a 2 b2 +
ab + ......... µ
=
x+y-1
µ µ µ
ð
3. If x =å cos 2n è, y =
å sin 2n ö and z =å cos 2n è sin 2 n f
where 0 <
q
,f
< then
n=0 n=
0 n=
0 2
xy
prove that xz + yz -z= xy or, z =
x+ y-1

4. Express the folloiwng into the decimal expansion

(a) 0. 3 (b) 0.6 8 (c) 3.5 2
5. Find the sum of the terms of an infinte decreasing G.P. in which all the terms are
IR CL the third and fifth term is equal
.T. Cbetween
positive the first term is 4 and the difference
32
I .I E
WARDS C
to TO
81 N
O
REV UTIO

MP
a 2a
6. If A =1+
r +r + ........... µ
and B =1+ rb +
r 2b +
.......... µ
. Prove that
ETITION
OL

1 1
A-
æ 1ö
a æB-1ö
b
r=
ç ÷ =
ç÷
èA øè B ø

ANSWER

1 31 317 12
4. (a) (b) (c) 5. 6,
3 45 90 3-2 2

Geometric Means G.M.

Single G.M.
Let G be the single G.M. between a and b
2
Therefore a, G, b are in G.P. G Þ ab.
Þ
G=
ab
n G.M.s between two quantities a and b
Let G1, G2 ,.......... Gn be the n geometric means between a and b
therefore , a1G1, G2,...... Gn, b are in GP.
1
æbö n+1
Now, r = ç ÷
èaø
N.B. : (a) The product of n G.M.s between a and b is the nth power of the single G.M. between a
and b.

(b) If A and G be the A.M. and G.M. between two positive numbers, then he number are
A± A2 -G2
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 13
 Self Practice Problem

1. Insert 5 G.M.s between 576 and 9.

2. Insert 5 G.M.s between 16 and 1/4 .

3. an+
1
bn +
+ 1

ary
Find the value of n so that may be geometric mean between a and b.
an +
bn

4. The sum of two numbers is 6 times their geometric means, show that the numbers are in
the ratios (3 + 2Ö
2) : (3 -
2Ö
2)

5. If AM and GM of roots of a quadratic equation are 8 and 5 respectively , then obtain the

iw
quadratic equation.

ANSWER

r. T
1
1. 288, 144, 72,36, 18 2. 8, 4, 2, 1, 1 /2 3. n = 5. x2 -
16x + 25 = 0
2

Some special Series

n(n +
1)
jK
1. å
r=
1+
2+
3+
.......... +
n=
2
2 2 2 2 2 n(n +
1)(2n +
1)
2. å
r =
1 +
2 +
3 +
......... +
n =
6
2
n(n +
é 1) ù
3. r3 =
å 13 +
23 +
33 + n3 =
......... +
no

ê
ë 2 ú û
4. å
k= Kn
n
5. å
Sn =tr
Ma

r=
1

Self Practice Problem

1. Find the sum of n terms of the series whose nth term is

2 2 n
(a) 2n - 3n + 5 (b) n + 2
:

2. Find the sum of the series 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 + .......... to n term.
By

3. Find the sum of the series 3.8 + 6.11 + 9.14 + .......... to n term.
2 2 2
4. Find the sum of n terms of the series 1 + 3 + 5 + ......... to n terms.

5. 13 13 +
23 13 +
23 +
33
Find the sum of the series to n term : ++ +
..........
1 1+3 1+
3+ 5
6. Find the sum of n terms of the series : 12 + (12 + 22) + (12 + 22 + 32) + ..........
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 14
7. The sequence N of natural numbers is divided into classes as follow .
1 2
3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12
-----------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
Show that the sum of the number in nth raw is n(2n2 + 1)

ANSWER

n n(n +
1)(n +2)(n +
3)
1. (a) (4n 2 - 23) (b) n(n +
3n + 1)(2n +
1)
2(2n -
+ 1) 2.
6 6 4
n n n
3. 3n (n + 1) (n +3) 4. (4n 2 -
1) 5. (2n 2 +
9n +
13) 6. 1) 2 (n +
(n + 2)
3 24 12

Method of difference
. C IR CL are in A.P. or G.P., we can find the nth
.I.T of a series
If the differences of the sucessive term
term of the series by the followingIsteps. E
W A RDS
TO C
N
Step 1 : Denote the nth term and the sum of the series upto n terms by Tn and Sn respectively.
O
REV UTIO

MP
ETITION

Step 2 : Rewrite the given series with each term shifted by one place to the right.
OL

Step 3 : Subtracting the above two forms of the series , find Tn.

Step 4 : Withe the help of some special sequence we find the sum of the series.

Self Practice Problem

1. Find the sum of the n terms of the series 3 + 15 + 35 + 63 + ..........

2. Find the sum of the n terms of the series 1 + 5 +12 + 22 + 35 + ..........

3. Find the sum of the first n terms of the series 3 + 7 + 13 + 21+ 31+ ..........

4. Find the sum of the series to n term 5 + 7+ 13 + 31 + 85 + ..........

ANSWER
2
n n (n +
1) n 1 n
1. (4n 2 +
6n -
1) 2. 3. (n 2 +
3n +
5) 4. [3 +
8n -
1]
3 2 3 2

Vn Method
1 1 1
1. The sum of the series of the form + +
.......... +
a1 a 2 a 3 ......... a r a 2 a 3 .......a r +
1 an an+
1 , .......a n +
r-
1

1 é 1 1 ù
is given by Sn = ê - ú
(r -1)d ë
a1. a 2 . a 3 .......a r -
1 an+
1 an+
2 ........a n +1û
r-

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 15

2. The sum of the series a1a2 .....ar + a2 a3 ......ar + 1 + ....... + an an + 1 ........... an + r -
1. is given by ;

1
Sn = [a n a n +
1......a n +
r -
a 0 a1 a 2 ............a r ]
(r +1)d

ary
Self Practice Problem
1 1 1 1 n
1. Prove that the sum of the series + + +
......... + =
1.2 2.3 3.4 n.(n +1) n + 1
2. Prove that the sum of the series
1 1 1 1 1 1

iw
+++ ......... + = -
1.2.3 2.3.4 3.4.5 n.(n + 1)(n + 2) 4 2(n + 1)(n + 2)
n(n +1)(n + 2)
3. Prove that the sum of the series 1.2 + 2.3 + ........... +n .(n + 1) =
3

r. T
4. Prove that the sum of the series 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 +2 . 3 .4 .5 + ............. +n(n+ 1) (n + 2) (n +
3)
n(n +
1) (n +
2) (n +
3) ( n +
4)
=
5

Sum to n term of an Arithmetic - Geometric series

jK
2 n-
1
Let Sn = a+ ( a + d) r + ( a + 2d) r + ......... + [a + ( n -
1)d] r be the A.G.P. then sum is given

by Sn = a (1 -rn- 1
) [a +
(n -1)d]r n where r is not equal to 1.
+ dr -
1- r (1 -r) 2 1- r
a dr
no

N.B. : The sum of infinite terms of the A.G.P. series is given by Sµ = +2 - 1<
r<
1.
1- r (1 - r)

Self Practice Problem

Ma

1. Find the sum of the series 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + ..........

(a) to n terms (b) to infinity

2. If the sum of the infinity of the series 1 + 4x + 7x2 + 10x3 + ......... is 35/16 then find x.

ANSWER
:

1-xn nx n 1 1
1. (a) (1 - - (b) (1 - 2. x =
x) 2 1 - x x) 2 5
By

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 16

Exercise - 1
1. Find the first negative term of the sequence 2000, 1995, 1990, 1985, ......... .

2. How many terms are identical in the two Arithmetic Progressions 2, 4, 6, 8, ...... up to 100 terms and 3,
6, 9, ....... up to 80 terms.

3. If m times the mth term of an AP is equal to n times the nth term, find its (m + n)th term.

4. If a, b, c, be the pth, qth and rth terms respectively of an A. P., prove that a ( q -
r ) + b (r -
p) + c (p -
q)=
0.

5. Find the number of integers between 100 and 1000 that are (i) divisible by 7 (ii) not divisible by 7.

6. The sum of three numbers in A.P. is 27 and the sum of their squares is 293. find the numbers.

7. Find the four numbers in A. P. such that their sum is 50 and greatest of them is 4 times the least.

8. The sum of four integers in A. P. is 24 and their product is 945. Find the numbers.
C IR C L
I . I.T. E
9. Find the first negative term of the sequence 999, A995,
R 991, 987, ......?
W DS
TO C
N
O
10. Each of the series 3 + 5 + 7 + ....... and 4 + 7 + 10 + ..... is continued to 100 terms. Find how many terms
REV UTIO

MP

are identical?
ETITION
OL

11. If the pth term of an A. P. is q and the qth term is p, find the first term and the common difference.
Show also that the ( p + q )th term is zero.

12. For an A. P. show that tm + t2n + m = 2tm + n.

13. Divide 15 into three parts which are in A. P. the sum of their squares is 83.

14. Three numbers are in A. P. Their sum is 27 and the sum of their squares is 275. Find the numbers.

15. The sum of three numbers in A. P. is 12 and the sum of their cubes is 408, find them.

16. Divide 20 into four parts which are in A. P. such that the product of the first and fourth is to the product
of the second and third is 2 : 3.

17. Find the sum of the series : ( a + b )2 + (a2 + b2) + ( a -

b )2 + ... to n terms.

18. Find : 1 -
3+5-
7+9-
11 + .... to n terms.

19. How many terms of the series 54 + 51 + 48 + 45 + ....... must be taken to make 513 ? Explain the double
answer.

21. Find the sum of all even numbers between 101 and 999.

22. Find the sum of the integers between 1 and 200 which are ........
(i) multiple of 3 (ii) multiples of 7 (c) multiple of 3 and 7 (d) multiples of 3 or 7

23. If the sum of first 10 terms of an A. P. is 140 and the sum of first 16 terms is 320, find the sum of n terms.
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 17
25. The sum of the first p terms of an A. P. is equal to the sum of its first q terms, prove that the sum of its
first (p + q ) terms is zero.

26. prove that the sum of latter half of 2n terms of a series in A. P. is equal to one third of the sum of the
first 3n terms.

27. If S1, S2, S3, ..... Sp be the sum of n terms of Arithmetic Progressions whose first terms are respectively

ary
np
1, 2, 3, ....... Prove that : S1 +
S2 +
S3 +
......... +
Sp =(n +
1) (p +
1)
4

28. If a, b, c be the sum of p, q and r terms respectively of an A.P. prove that :

iw
a b c
(q -
r) + (r -
p) + (p -
q) =
0.
p q r

r. T
29. If there are (2n + 1) terms in an A. P. , then prove that the ratio of the sum of odd terms and the sum of
even terms is ( n + 1) : n.

30. The sum of the n terms of two series in A. P. are in the ratio (3n -
13 ) : (5n + 21). Find the ratio of their
24th terms.

31. Find the sum of the series 1 -

2+3-
4+5-
6 + ........ to n terms.
jK
32. How many terms of the series 15 + 12 + 9 ......... must be taken to make 15 ? Explain the double
answers.

33. The interior angle of a polygon are in A. P. , the smallest angle is 75°
and the common difference is 10°
.
no

find the number of sides of the polygon.

34. Find the sum of all odd numbers lying between 100 and 200.
Ma

35. Find the sum of all integers of 3 digits which are divisible by 7.

36. Find the sum of numbers lying between 1 and 100 which are divisible by 2 or 5.

37. Find the sum of numbers from 1 to 100 which are not divisible by 3 and 5.

38. Find the maximum sum of the A. P. 30, 27, 24, 21, 18........ .
:

39. If the sum of 8 terms of an A. P. is 64 and the sum of 19 terms is 361, find the sum of n terms.
By

1 1
40. If the mth term of an A. P. is and the nth term is then prove that the sum to mn terms is mn +1
n m 2
41. If the sum of m terms of an A. P. is n and the sum of its n terms is m show that the sum of (m + n) terms is
- (m + n).

42. If the sum of n, 2n and 3n terms of an A. P. be S1, S2 and S3 respectively. show that S3 = 3 (S2 -
S1).

43. If S be the sum of (2n + 1) terms of an A. P. and S1 that of alternate terms beginning with the first, then
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 18
 show that S =
2n +
1
S1 n+
1

44. If a, b, c be the 1st, 3rd and nth terms respectively of an A. P., prove that the sum to n terms is

c+ a c2 -
a2
+
2 b-a

45. If the pth term of an A. P. is x and qth tem is y. Show that the sum of (p + q) terms is p +
qì x -
x+
í
yü
y +ý
2 î p-
qþ

46. The sum of n terms of two series in A. P. are in the ratio (3n + 8 ) : (7n + 15). Find the ratio of their 12th
terms.
2 2
47. If the ratio of the sum of m terms and n terms of an A.P. be m : n , prove that the ratio of its mth and
nth terms is (2m - 1 ) : (2n -
1 ).

48. The sum of nth terms of a sequence is 2n -

1, find its nth term. Is this sequence a G. P.?
. C IR C L
I . I .T E
49. R Find the G. P.
If the fifth term of a G. P. is 81 and second term isA24.
W DS
TO C
N
O
REV UTIO

50. The seventh term of a G. P. is 8 times the fourth term. Find the G.P. when its 5th term is 48.
MP
ETITION
OL

51. If pth, qth and rth terms of a G. P. be a, b, c (a, b, c > 0), then prove that ( q -
r ) log a + (r -
p ) log b + (p -
q) logc = 0.

52. If the product of three number in G.P. be 216 and their sum is 19, find the numbers.

53. In a set of four numbers, the first three are in G. P. and the last three are in A. P. with a common
difference of 6. If the first number is same as the fourth, find the four numbers.

54. The sum of three numbers in G. P. is 21 and the sum of their squares is 189, find the numbers.

55. If 5th and 8th terms of a G.P. be 48 and 384 respectively. Find the G. P.

56. If the 6th and 10th terms of G. P. are 1 and 1 respectively. Find the G. P.
16 256
57. If the ( p + q )th term of a G. P. is a and the ( p -
q )th term is b, show that its pth term is Ö
ab.

58. If the pth, qth and rth terms of a G. P. be x, y and z respectively. Prove that xq -
r
. yr -
p
, zq -
q
=1

59. The product of three consecutive terms of a G.P. is -

64 and the first therm is four times the third. Find
the terms.

60. Three numbers whose sum is 15 are in A. P. If 1, 4, 19 be added to them respectively the resulting
numbers are in G. P. find the numbers.
1 1 1
61. Find 1 ++ + to n terms.
+
2 4 8
2 3
62. Find the sum of n terms of the series ( a + b ) + (a + 2b ) + (a + 3b ) + ............
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 19
63. Find the sum to n therm of the series 8 + 88 + 888 + .......

64. How many terms of the series : 1 + 3 + 32 + 33 + .... must be taken to make 3280 ?
n
Sö
æ 2
65. If S be the sum, P the product and R the sum of reciprocals of n terms in G.P. Prove that P =
ç÷
Rø
è
1 1 1
66. Find 1 + + + + .......to ¥
.
2 4 8

ary
x x2
67. Find 1 ++2 + .......to ¥
if x >
0
1+ x (1 + x)

68. If S1, S2, S3, .......... Sp are the sum of infinite geometric series whose first terms are 1, 2, 3, ........, p and

iw
1 1 1 1
whose common ratios are , , ,.........,
2 3 4 p+ 1 respectively , prove that S1 + S2 + ....... + Sp = p ( p + 3 ) / 2
2 3 2 3 2 2 3 3
69. If x = 1 + a + a + a + ..... to ¥
and y = 1+ b + b + b + ...... to ¥
show that 1 + ab + a b + a b + to ¥
=

r. T
xy
where , 0 < a < 1 and 0 < b < 1.
x+y-1
Find the sum of the following series : (Q. No. 72 to 95).

70. 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + ......... to 12 terms. 71. 1-

3+9-
27 + ........ to 9 terms.
jK
1 1 1
72. 1++ + .......to n terms.
+ 73. 6 + 66 + 666 + ........ to n terms.
3 9 27
74. 4 + 44 + 444 + ........ to n terms. 75. 0.5 + 0.55 + 0.555 + ........ to n terms.
1 1 1
76. 1-+ - .......to n terms.
+
no

2 4 8
æ 1 öæ 1 öæ 1 ö
77. x2 +
ç 2
2÷
++x4 +
ç 4
5÷
++x6 +
ç 6
8÷
++......to n terms.
èx øèx øèx ø
Ma

2
78. How many terms of the series 1 + 2 + 2 + ........ must be taken to make 511?

79. If a be the first term b the nth term and p the product of n terms of a G.P. show that p2 = (ab)n

80. Show that the ratio of the sum of n terms of two G.P.’s having the same common ratio is equal to the
ratio of their nth terms.
:

2
81. If S1, S2, S3, be the sum of n, 2n, 3n terms respectively of a G.P., show that (S2 -
S1) = S1 (S3 -
S2 ).
By

82. If Sn deontes the sum of n terms of a G. P. , whose first term is a and common ratio is r, find S1 + S2 + ........
+ S2n -1.

83. The sum of n terms of a series is a.2n -

b , find its nth term. Are the terms of this series in G. P.?
n
84. If nth term of a series is 3.2 -
4, find the sum of its 100 terms.
1 1 1
85. Find 1 + 3x + 9x2 + 27x3 + ........ to ¥
. 86. Find 1 + + + .......to ¥
+ .
2 4 8
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 20
 1 1 1 1 1 1
87. Find 3 -
1+- +.......to ¥
. 88. Find + + + .......to ¥
.
3 9 1 1 1 5 7 52 72
++ .......to ¥
+ .
89. Find the value of 9 3 9 27

2
1 ì ï2x æ 2x ö ü
ï
90. Find 1 + +
ç ÷ .......to ¥
+ where x ³
0.
2 í 2 2 ý
1+x ïî 1 x
+ 1
è + x ø ï
þ
1 1 1
Prove that a2 a 4 a 8 ....... to ¥
a
= ..
91. 92. Express 0.54 as a rational number.

93. Convert 0.66666 ........ to ¥

into rational number.

94. The sum of infinite number of terms of a decreasing G. P. is 4 and the sum of the square of its terms to
16
infinity is , find the G.P.
3
2 2 2 2
95. Find the sum to n terms of the series 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + .....

96. 3 .I4R+C
Find the sum to n terms of the series 1 . 2 . 3 +.2 .C 3 . 4 . 5 + ......
T
I .I . AR
LE
97. Find the sum of the series : 1 . n + 2 . ( n - D2S
+ 3W. ( n -
1T)O ) +C..... + n . 1.
N
O
REV UTIO

MP
98. Find the sum to n terms of the series: 1 + ( 1 + 2 ) + ( 1 + 2 + 3 ) + .....
ETITION
OL

99. Find the sum of the n terms of the series : 1 +( 2 + 3) + ( 4 + 5 + 6 ) + ........

3
100. Find the sum of the series : 1 +13 +
23 13 +
23 +
33
+ .......to 16 terms.
+
1 1+
3 1+
3+
5

101. Find (33 -

23 ) + (53 -
43 ) + (73 -
63 ) + ....... to 10 terms.

102.
1 1 1
Find + + ........to n terms.
1.2 2.3 3.4
1 1 1
103. Find the sum of the following series to infinity : ++........
1.2.3 2.3.4 3.4.5

104. Find the sum of the n term of the series : 1 + 5 + 11 + 19 + 29 + ......

105. Natural numbers have been grouped in the following way 1 ; (2, 3); (4, 5, 6); (7, 8, 9, 10); .......

Show that the sum of the numbers in the nth group is

n (n2 +
1)
2

106. Natural numbers have been divided in groups in the following way : 1; 2, 3; 4, 5, 6; 7, 8, 9, 10; and so on,
Find the sum of the numbers in the 50th group.

107. Find 1 + 3 + 7 + 15 + ........ to n terms. 108. Find 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + ..... to n terms.
2 3 99
109. Find 1 + 2.2 + 3.2 + 4.2 + ........ + 100.2 .
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 21
 2
110. If the sum of n terms of a sequence be 2n + 4, find its nth term. Is this sequence in A.P.?

111. Find the sum of n terms of the series whose nth term is n (n -
1) ( n + 1).
2
112. Find the sum of 80 terms of the series whose nth term is n (n -
1)

Find the sum of the following series (Q. No. 115 to 131)

ary
113. 13 + 33 + 53 + ........ to n terms. 114. 12 + 42 + 72 + 102 + ...... to n terms.
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
115. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + ........ to 2n terms. 116. 1 - 2 + 3 - 4 + ........ to n terms.

117. 1.3 + 3.5 + 5.7 + ........ to n terms. 118. 1.2 + 2.3 + 3.4 + ........ to n terms.

iw
119. 1.22 + 2.32 + 3.42 + ........ to n terms. 120. 2.12 + 3.22 + 4.32 + ........ to n terms.
2 2 2 2 2 2
121. 1 + ( 1 + 3 ) + ( 1 + 3 + 5 ) + to n terms. 122. 1 + (1 + 2 ) + (1 + 2 + 3 ) + ........ to n terms

r. T
123. 1.2.3 + 2.3.5 + 3.4.7 + ....... to n terms. 124. 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 + ....... to n terms.

125. 1.32 + 2.52 + 3.72 + ........ to 20 terms.

2 2 2 2 2 2
126. (n -
1 ) + 2(n -
2 ) + 3(n -
3 ) + ........ to n terms.
jK
127. 12 + (12 + 22) + (12 + 22 + 32 ) + ........ to 10 terms. 128. (33 -
23) + (53 -
43) + (73 -
63) + to 10 terms.

129. Find the sum to infinity of the series :

1 1 1 1
+ + ++ ........
2.4 4.6 6.8 8.10
no

Find the nth term and sum to n terms of the following series : (Q. No. 132 to 134)

130. 2 + 6 + 12 + 20 + ......... 131. 3 + 6 + 11 + 18 + ........ 132. 1 + 9 + 24 + 46 + 75 + ........

Ma

133. Find the nth term of the series : 2 + 4 + 7 + 11 + 16 + ........

134. Find the sum to 10 terms of the series 1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + ........

135. The odd natural numbers have been divided in groups as : (1, 3); (5, 7, 9, 11); (13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23 );
3
........ Show that the sum of numbers in the nth group is 4n .
:

136. Show that the sum of the numbers in each of the following groups is the square of an odd positive
integer. (1); (2, 3, 4); (3, 4, 5, 6, 7); ........
By

137. Find the sum to n terms of the following series :

(a) 2 + 5 + 14 + 41 + ........ (b) 1 + 5 + 13 + 29 + 61 + ........ (c) 3 + 5 + 9 + 17 + 33 + ........

138. Find the sum to n terms of the following series :

4 7 10
(a) 1.1 + 2.3 + 4.5 + 8 .7 + ........ (b) 1++ + ........
+
5 52 53
4 7 10
(c) 1- + - ........
+
2 22 23
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 22
139. If n arithmetic means (A. M.’s) are inserted between 20 and 80 such that first mean : last mean = 1 : 3.
Find n.

140. If n arithmetic means are inserted between a and b, show that their sum is a +
b
.n
2

141. For what value of n,

an +
1
bn +
+ 1
,a¹
b is the A. M. of a and b.
an +
bn
142. Insert 4 G.M.’s between 5 and 160.

143. Insert 6 harmonic means between 3 and 6 / 23.

144. If the A.M. and G.M. between two numbers be 5 and 3 respectively, find the numbers.

Based on A. M. (Q. No. 147 to 150)

145. Insert 8 A. M.’s between 5 and 32. 146. Insert 7 A. M.’s between 2 and 34.

1
41 .I.T.
1 C IR C
147. Insert 17 A. M.’s between 3 and -
2 I 2 AR L E
W DS C
148. TO that the ratio
Between 1 and 31, n A.M.’s are insertedNsuch of the 7th and (n -
1)th means is 5 : 9, find
O
REV UTIO

n.
MP

Based on G. M. (Q. No. 151 to 152)

ETITION
OL

8 1
149. Insert 7 G.M.’s between 2 and 162. 150. Insert 6 G.M.' s between and -
5 .
27 16
Based on H. M. (Q. No. 153 to 155)

151. 1
Insert 4 H.M.' s between 1 and
11
152. n harmonic means have been inserted between 1 and 4 such that first mean : last mean = 1 : 3, find n.

an +
1
bn +
+ 1
153. Find n such that many be single harmonic mean between a and b.
an +
bn
Based on A. M. & G. M.(Q. No. 154 to 156)

154. If A be the A.M. and G the G.M. between two numbers, show that the numbers are
A2 -
A+ G2 and A -
A2 -
G2
155. If the ratio of A.M. and G.M. between two numbers a and b is m : n, prove that

a :b =m2 -
m+ n2 : m -
m2 -
n2
p2 q2
156. If one A.M.A and two G.M.’s p and q be inserted between two given numbers, show that + 2A
=
q p

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 23

ANSWER

1. -
5 2. 33 3. 0 5. (i) n = 128 (ii) 771 6. 14, 9, 4 or 4, 9, 14

7. 5, 10, 15, 20 8. 3, 5, 7, 9 or 9, 7, 5, 3 9. -
1 10 33

13. 3, 5, 7 or 7, 5, 3 14. 5, 9, 13 or 13, 9, 5 15. 1, 4, 7 or 7, 4, 1

ary
16. 2, 4, 6, 8 or 8, 6, 4, 2 17. n (a2 + b2) + n a b ( 3 - n ) 18. If n is even then -
n if n is odd then n

19. n = 18, 19 20. n=9 21. 246950

2
22. (i) 6623 (ii) 2842 (iii) 945 (iv) 8530 23. n + 4n

iw
np 1 n n+ 1
27. (n +
1) ( p +
1) 30. , if n is even;
31. - if n is odd.
4 2 2 2

r. T
32. 1, 10 Double answer because sum of 9 terms begenning with the second term is zero.

33. 4 34. 7500 35. 70336 36. 3050 37. 4735 38. 165
2
77 n-
1
39. n 46. 48. tn = 2 , yes 49. 16, 24, 36, 54 50. 3, 6, 12, 24
176
jK
52. 4, 6, 9 53. 8, -
4, 2, 8 54. 3, 6, 12 or 12, 6, 3 55. 3, 6, 12, 24,........

56. 2, 1, 1 , 1 ........ or - 1 1 1
2, 1, -, ,- ,....... 59. 8, -
4, 2 or -
8, -
4, -
2
2 4 2 4 8
no

60. 2, 5, 8 or 26, 5, -
16 61. 2 é ù 1 an ) bn(n +
62. a(1 - 1)
1-
ê nú +
2ë û 1-
a 2
8
63. (10n +
1
10 -
- 9n) 64. n = 8 66. 2 70. 4095
Ma

81

2 4 5 æ10n -1ö
71. 4912 73. (10n +
1
9n -
- 10) 74. (10n +
1
9n -
- 10) 75. n
ç - ÷
27 81 9çè 9 10
´ n ÷
ø

76. 2 [1 - 1) x 2n -
77. n(3n + 1æ 1 ö
1)n 2n ]
(- +ç x2 + ÷ 78. 9
3 2 x2 -
1 è x 2n ø
:

r2n-
a é r (1 - 1
)ù
82. 2n
ê 1
- - 83. a . 2n -
1
, Yes 84. 6 (2100 -
1) -
400
1-rë 1-r ú
By

û
1 1 5 1
85. 86. 2 87. 2 88. 89. 3 90.
1-3x 4 12 (1 - x)2
6 2 1 1 n 2
92. 93. 94. 2, 1, , 95. (4x -
1)
11 3 2 4 3

96. 1 n (n +
n(n +
1) (n +
2) n(n +
1) (n +
2)
1) (n + 3 ) 97.
2 )(n + 98.
4 6 6
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 24
 1) (n2 +
n(n + n+
2) n 1
99. 100. 446 101. 4960 102. 103.
8 n+ 1 4

n (n2 +3n -
1) 1-xn n xn
104. 106. 6 2 5 2 5 107. 2n + 1 -
n-
2 108. -
3 x)2 1 -
(1 - x

1
( 1 + n )2n
109. 1 - 110. 4n -
2, Yes 111. n (n2 -
1) (n +
2)
4
1 1
112. 10494360
2
113. n (2x -
1)
2
114. n (6n2 -
3n -
1) 115. n (4n2 +
3n +
2)
2 3
1 1 1
116. n (n +
1) when n is odd and - n(n +
1) when n is even 117. n(4n2 +
6n -
1)
2 2 3

1 1 1
118. n(n + 2) 119.
1)( n + n(n +
1)( n +
2) (3n +
5) 120. n(n +
1)( n +
2) (3n +
1)
6 12 2
1 C2)IR CL 123. 1
121.
1
n(n +
1)( 2n +
1) n(n +
I 1)
. I.2T( n. +
122. E n n(n +1)2 ( n +
2)
6 12 W A RDS
TO C
1 N 1 2 2
O
REV UTIO

124. n(n +
1) ( n +
2) ( n +
3) 125. 188090 126. n (n - 1)
MP
127. 1210
4 4
ETITION
OL

1 2 1 1
128. 4960 129. 130. n +n; n(n + 2) 131. n2 +
1)(n + 2; n(2n2 +
3n +
13)
4 3 6
7 2 5 1 1 2
132. n - n; (n +
1) (n -
4) 133. (n +
n+
2) 134. 220
2 2 6 2

3 n n n n+1
137. (i) (3 -
1) + (ii) 4(2 -
1) -
3n (iii) 2 + n -
2
4 2
n-
1
35 3 1 3n -2 æ1ö
138. (i) n . 2
n+1 n
-3.2 +3 (ii) - . n- 2
- n-1 (iii) n ç
- ÷ 139. n = 11
16 16 5 4.5 è2ø
6 3 6 3 6 3
141. n = 0 142. 10, 20, 40, 80 143. , , , , ,
5 4 11 7 17 10

144. 1 and 9 or 9 and 1 145. 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29 146. 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30

1
147. 1, -
1, , -
4, ....., -
39 148. 14 149. 2 3 , 6, 6 3 , 18, 18 3 ,54, 5 3
2
-8 2 3 -9 27 1 1 1 1
150. , ,-
1, , , 151. , , , 152. 11
4 3 2 4 8 3 5 7 9

153. -
1

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 25

Exercise - 2
Arithmetical progression, nth term, Sn of an A. P. and Arithmetic means.

1. (a) The fifth term of an A. P. is 1 whereas its 31st term is -77. Find its 20th term and sum of its first
fifteen terms. Also find which term of the series will -
17 and sum of how many terms will be 20.

(b) The third term of an A. P. is 7 and its 7th term is 2 more than thrice of its 3rd term. Find the first

ary
term, common difference and the sum of its first 20 terms.

1 2
2. (a) Find the number of terms in the series 20, 19 , 18 ,............ of which the sum is 300, explain
the double answer. 3 3

iw
1 2
(b)Prove that the maximum value of the sum of the series 20 +
19 +
18 +
.......... is 310.
3 3
(c) How many terms of the series 54, 51, 48, .... be taken so that their sum is 513? Explain the double
answer.

r. T
1 1 1 3
(d) The sum of the series + + .......... to 9 terms is -
+ .
2 3 6 2

(e) There are only sixteen A.P.’s having 3, 8, 14 as three of its terms. Is this statement true?
jK
3+ n
3. (a) The nth term of a series is given to be , find the sum of 105 terms of this series.
4
(b) Find the sum of first 24 terms of the A.P. a1, a2, a3, ......... if it is known that a1 + a5 + a10 + a15 + a20 + a24 =
225.
no

(c) Find a1 + a6 + a11 + a16 if it is know that a1, a2, ......... is an A.P. and a1 + a4 + a7 + ......... + a16 = 147.

4. If the sum of first 8 and 19 terms of an A. P. are 64 and 361 respectively, find the common difference
and sum of its n terms.
Ma

5. (a) The interior angles of a polygon are in arithmetic progression. The smallest angle is 120°
and the
common difference is 5. Find the number of sides of the polygon.

(b) Find the least value of n for which 3 + 6 + 9 + ..... n terms exceeds 1000.
:

6. Find the sum of n terms of the series log a +

a2 a3 a4
log +
log 2 +
log 3 +
.......to n terms.
b b b
By

7. (a) the mth term of an A.P. is n and its nth term is m. Prove that its pth tem is m + n -
P. Also shown that
its (m + n )th term is zero.
1
(b) Let Tr be the rth term of an A. P., for r = 1, 2, 3,...... if for some positive integers m, n we have Tm =
n
1
and Tn = , then Tmn equals.
m

1 1 1
(i) (ii) + (iii) 1 (iv) 0
mn m n
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 26
 (c) a, b, c, d are four distinct real numbers and they are in A. P. If 2 (a - c)2 + (c + a)3 = 2(a -
b) + x ( b - d) +
2 3
2(b - d) + (c -d) then prove that x ³ 16 or x £
- 8.

(d) If a, b, c, d, e are in A.P., then find the value of a -

4b + 6c -
4d + e.

8. The first and last term of an A.P., are a and l respectively. If S be the sum of all the terms of A.P., show
l2 - a2
that the common difference is .
2S - (l + a)
9. Show that the sum of an A.P. whose first term is a, second term is b and the last term is c is equal to
(a +
c) (b +
c- 2a)
.
2(b - a)
2
10. (a) The sum of n terms of a series is 3n + 4n. Show that the series is an A.P. and find the first term and
common difference. What will be its nth term?

(b) Find an A.P. in which sum of any number of terms is always three times the squared number of
these terms.
. C IR C L
2
. I .T
(c) If Sn = an + bn, prove that series is an IA.P. E
WARDS C
TO 2 2
11. If the ratio of the sum of m terms and nNterms of an A.P. be m : n , prove that the ratio of its mth and
O
REV UTIO

MP
nth terms will be 2m - 1 : 2n -
1.
ETITION
OL

S m m4 Tm +
1 1)3
(2m +
12. In an A.P. if = then prove that = .
Sn n4 Tn +
1 1)3
(2n +

13. Find the sum of all natural numbers which are multiples of 7 or 3 or both and lie between 200 and 500.

14. The pth term of an A.P. is a and qth term is b. Prove that sum of its (p + q) terms is :
p+qé a-bù
a+
êb +ú
2 ë p-qû

15. If the pth, qth and rth terms of an A.P. be a, b and c respectively, then prove that a (q -
r)+(r-
p)+c(p
- q ) = 0.

16. If the sum of p, q and r terms of an A. P. be a, b and c respectively, then prove that :
a b c
(q -
r) + (r -
p) + (p -
q) =
0.
p q r
17. (a) If in an A.P. the sum of p terms is equal to sum of q terms, then prove that the sum of p + q terms is
zero.

(b) If an A.P., of which a is the first term, if the sum of the first p terms is zero, show that the sum of the
a (p +
q) q
next q terms is - .
P-1
18. (a) The sum of n, 2n, 3n terms of an A.P. are S1, S2, S3 respectively. Prove that S3 = 3(S2 -
S1).
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 27
 (b) If Sn = n2p and Sm = m2p, m ¹
n, in an A.P., prove that Sp = p3.

s
19. If sn be the sum of n terms of an A.P. and if pn is independent of n, then prove that d = 2a is usual
notation. sn

20. (a) There are n A.P.’s whose common differences are 1, 2, 3, ..... n respectively, the first term of each

ary
1
being unity. Prove that sum of their nth terms is n (n2 +
1) .
2
(b) If there be m A.P.’s beginning with unity whose common differences are 1, 2, 3, ..... m respectively
1
show that the sum of their nth terms is m[ mn -
m+
n+
1] .
2

iw
(c) The sum of n terms of m arithmetical progressions are S1, S2, S3, ....... Sm. The first term and common
1
differences are 1, 2, 3, ....... m respectively. Prove that S1 +
S2 +
S3 +
.... +
Sm = mn (m +
1) (n +
1).
4

r. T
21. (a) If S1, S2, S3, ...... Sm are the sums of n terms of m A.P.’s whose first terms are 1, 2, 3, ....., m and
common differences are 1, 3, 5, ....., 2m - 1 respectively. Show that :
1
S1 + S2 + S3 + .... +
Sm = mn (m +1)
2
jK
(b) In an A. P. if S1 = T1 + T2 + T3 ..... + Tn (n odd)
S2 = T1 + T3 + T5 + ..... + Tn, then S1 / S2 =
2n n n+ 1 n+ 1
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
n+ 1 n+ 1 2n n
22. (a) The series of natural numbers is divided into groups (1) ; (2, 3, 4) (5, 6, 7, 8, 9) ; ..... and so on. Show
no

3 3
that the sum of the numbers in the nth group is (n -
1) + n .

(b) The series of natural numbers is divided into groups (1), (2, 3, 4), (3, 4, 5, 6, 7), (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10), ....
Find the sum of the numbers in nth group.
Ma

3
23. (a) Show that sum of the terms in the nth bracket (1); (3, 5); (7, 9, 11); ...... is n .

(b) The odd natural numbers are arranged in groups as (1); (3, 5, 7), (9, 11, 13, 15, 17) .... Prove that the
1) [n2 + (n -
sum of terms in nth group is (2n - 1)2].

24. Find four numbers in A. P. whose :

:

(i) sum is 20 and sum of their squares is 120.

(ii) sum is 32 and sum of squares is 276.
By

25. Divide 28 into four parts in A.P. so that ratio of the product of first and third with the product of second
and fourth is 8 : 15.

26. Between 1 and 31 are inserted m arithmetic means so that the ratio of the 7th and (m -
1)th means is
5 : 9. Find the value of m.

27. Prove that the sum of the n arithmetic means inserted between two quantities is n times the single
arithmetic mean between them.
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 28
ANSWER

1. (a) n = 11, n = 8 (b) a = -

1, d = 4, S20 = 740 2. (a) n = 25 or 36 (b) 310 (c) n = 18, 19

3
(d) Sum =
-(e) False 3. (a) S105 = 1470 (b) 900 (c) 98 4. Sn = n2 5. (a) n = 9
2
n éa ù
(b) n = 26 6. n log +
ê log abú 7. (a) 0 (b) c (d) 0 10. (a) a = 7, d = 6
2 ëb û

(b) 3, 9, 15, 21 (c) d = 2a 13. 45149

21. (b) a 1)2

22. (b) (2n - 24. (a) 2, 4, 6, 8 or 8, 6, 4, 2

(b) 5, 7, 9, 11 or 11, 9, 7, 5 25. 4, 6, 8, 10 26. 14

T. C IR CLE
I .I .
WARDS C
TO
N
O
REV UTIO

MP
ETITION
OL

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 29

Exercise - 3

Geometrical Progression, nth term, and S and S¥

and Geometric means.

1. (a) The fifth term of a G. P. is 81 whereas its second term is 24. Find the series and sum of its first eight
terms.

(b) The sum of the three terms of a G. P. is to the sum of the first six terms as 125 : 152. Find the

ary
common ratio of the G. P.

(c) In a G. P. if TP-
1 + Tp + 1 = 3Tp then prove that the common ratio of G. P. is an irrational number.

2. Sum of the series

iw
(a) ( a + b ) + ( a2 + 2 b) + (a3 + 3 b) + ....... to n terms.

2 2 2 2
æ1 öæ1 öæ1 ö æ1 ö
(b) ç
x++
÷x2 +
ç +
2 ÷
x3 +
ç +
3 ÷
xn +
.......ç n ÷
èx øèx øèx ø èx ø

3.
2

2 3
2 3 2 2 r. T
(a) x (x + y) + x2 (x2 + y2) + x3 (x3 + y3) + .............. to n terms.
3
(b) ( x + y ) + ( x + xy + y ) + (x + x y + xy + y ) + ........... n terms.
2 3
jK
4. (a) If x = 1 + a + a + a +..... to ¥
(÷
a÷
< 1) and y = 1 + b + b + b + ....... to ¥
(÷
b÷
< 1) prove that 1 + ab +
xy
a2b2 + a3b3 + to ¥
=.
x+y-1
(b) If x is the first term of a G. P. with infinite number of terms and S¥ = 5, then x is :
(i) 0 < x < 10 (b) x ³ 10 (iii) x < -
10 (iv) -
10 < x < 0
no

13
n n+
1
5. The value of the sum å
(i +
n=
1
i ), where i =
-1 , equals.
Ma

(i) i (ii) i -
1 (iii) -
i (iv) 0

6. (a) Show that the sum of n terms of a G. P. of common ratio r beginning with the pth term is rp -
q
times
the sum of an equal number of terms of the same series beginning with qth term.

(b) If the common ratio of an infinite G. P. be less than 1 / 2 , show that each term will be greater than
the sum of all the terms that follow it.
:

7. (a) The sum of first two terms of an infinite G. P. is 5 and each term is three times the sum of succeeding
By

terms. Find the series.

(b) If T1, T2, T7 of an A. P. constitute a G. P. whose sum is 93, then find the numbers.

4
(c) If T1, T2, T8 of the certain G. P. be x -, xk and x52 respectively , then prove that k = 4.

(d) Consider an infinite geometric series with first term a and common ratio r. If its sum is 4 and the
second term is 3 / 4 , then.
7 3 3 3 1 1
(i) a =
,r = (ii) a =
2, r = (iii) a = ,r = (iv) a =
3, r =
4 7 8 2 2 4
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 30
 2 1 1 55
8. (a) Sum of a certain number of terms of the series ,-, ,........... is ; Find the number.
9 3 2 72
(b) How many terms of the series 1, 4, 16, ....... must be taken to have their sum equal to 341?

(c) In a G. P. sum of n terms is 255, the last term is 128 and the common ratio is 2. Find n.

9. (a) If the fourth, seventh and tenth terms of a G. P. are p, q, r respectively then q2 = pr.
2 2
(b) If a
,b are the roots of the equation x - 4x + l = 0 and g ,d are the roots of the equation x -
64x + m
=
0 and a,b ,g,d are given to be in increasing G. P. find the values of land m .

10. Sum of n terms the series

(i) .7 + .77 + .777 + ........ (ii) 6 + 66 + 666 + ........ (iii) 8 + 88 + 888 + ........

11. (a) Express the recurring decimal : 0.125125125 ....... as a rational number.
2355
(b) Prove that the rational number which equals to the number 2.357 with recurring decimal is
999
12.
. .
T. C IR C
(a) Find the value of .1 2 3 regarding it as.aI.geometric LE
series.
I
. . WARDS C
(b) Find the value of .4 2 3 TO
N
O
REV UTIO

MP

13. (a) In a G. P. if the (m + n)th term be p and (m -

n)th term be q, then prove that its mth term is p q
ETITION
OL

1/( l -
m)
l n-
é
(b) In a G. P. if T1 = l and Tm = m, then prove that its nth term is êú
m
ù
n-l
m û
ë
14. Find the sum of 2n terms of a series of which every even term is a times the term before it, and every
odd term c times the term before it, the first term being unity.

15. (a) The rth, sth and tth terms of a certain G.P. are R, S and T respectively. Prove that : Rs -
t
. St -
r
. T r-
s
= 1.

(b) If S be the sum, P the product and R the sum of the reciprocals of n terms of a G. P. , prove that (S /
R)n = P2.

16. (a) If x, y, z be respectively the pth, qth and rth terms of a G. P., then prove that : ( q -
r ) log x + ( r -
p ) log
y+(p- q ) log z = 0.
q-
r
(b) If the pth, qth, rth terms of an A. P. are in G. P. show the common ratio of the G.P. is .
p-
q
(c) If the pth, qth, rth and sth terms of an A. P. are in G. P. then p -
q, q -
r, r -
s are in G. P.

17. If S1, S2, S3 be respectively the sums of n , 2n , 3n terms of a G. P. , then prove that :
2
(i) S1 (S3 - S1 )2
S2 ) = ( S2 - (ii) S1 + S22 = S1 ( S2 + S3 ).

18. (a) If S1, S2,...... Sn are the sums of infinite geometric series whose first terms are 1, 2, 3, ......... n and
1 1 1 1
common ratios are , , ,......, respectively then prove that :
2 3 4 n+ 1
1
S1 +
S2 +S3 +
......... +Sn = n (n + 3).
2
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 31
 (b) If S1, S2, S3, ........ Sn are the sums of infinite geometric series whose first terms are 1, 2, 3, .... n
1 1 1 1 2 2
and whose common ratios are , , ,......, respectively , then find the value of S1 + S22 + S3
2
+ ........ + S2n - 2 3 4 n+
1
1 .

19. If Sn represents the sum of n terms of a G. P. whose first term and common ratio are a and r
respectively, then prove that :

ary
na ar(1 -rn )
(i) S1 +
S2 +
S3 +
......... +
Sn =- 2 .
1- r (1 -r)
na ar(1 - r2n )
(ii) S1 +
S3 +
S5 +
......... +
S2n -
1 =-2 .
1- r (1 - r) (1 + r)

iw
20. (a) Find three numbers in G. P. whose sum is 65 and whose product is 3375.

(b) The product of three numbers in G. P. is 125 and sum of their products taken in pairs is 87 ½ . Find
them.

r. T
(c) If the continued product of three numbers in G. P. is 216 and the sum of the products taken in pairs
is 156, find the numbers.

21. (a) The sum of three numbers in G. P. is 14. If the first two terms are each increased by 1 and the third
term decreased by 1, the resulting numbers are in A. P. Find the numbers.
jK
(b) The sum of three numbers in G. P. is 42. If the first two numbers are increased by 2 and third is
decreased by 4, the resulting numbers form an A. P. Find the numbers of G. P.

22. (a) Three numbers whose sum is 15 are in A. P. If 1, 4, 19 be added to them respectively, then they are
in G. P. Find the numbers.
no

(b) In an set of four numbers the first three are in G. P. and the last three in A. P. with common
difference 6. If the first number is the same as the fourth, find the four numbers.
Ma

23. (a) Find four numbers in G. P. whose sum is 85 and product is 4096.

(b) Insert five geometric means between 486 and 2 / 3.

24. (a) If A and G be the A. M. and G.M between two numbers, prove that the numbers are A ±
(A +
G) (A -
G).

(b) Construct a quadratic in x such that A. M. of its roots is A and G. M. is G.

:

25. (a) If n is geometric means be inserted between a and b , then prove that their product is (a b)n/2.
By

an +
1
bn +
+ 1
(b) For what value of n, is the geometric mean of a and b ?
an +
bn
26. The third term of a G. P. is 4. The product of first five term is :
(i) 43 (ii) 45 (iii) 44 (iv) None of these

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 32

ANSWER

1 3 3± 5 a (an -1) b n(n +

1) x2n -
1é 1 ù
1. (a) (65 ´
97) (b) r = (c) r = 2. (a) + (b) x2 + +2n
8 5 2 a- 1 2
2
n - 1 ëx2n ú
ê
û

x2n )
(1 -
2 xnyn )
(1 - x2 (1 -
1 é xn ) y2 (1 -yn ) ù
3. (a) x xy
+ (b) ê - ú 4. (b) a 5. (a) i
1-x2 1-xy x-yë 1- x 1- y û
64 47
7. a = 4 (b) 3, 15, 75 (c) k = 4 (d) d 8. (a) n = 5 (b) n = 5 (c) n = 8 9. (b) ë = ,ì=
25 27

7n 7 æ1 ö 6 8
10. (a) - 1-
ç n ÷
(b) (10n+
1
9n -
- 10) (c) (10n+
1
9n -
- 10)
9 81 è10 ø 81 81

125 2355 122 419 1+

æ a ön n
11. (a) (b) 12. (a) (b) (1 -
14. ç ÷ a c)
999 999 990 990 1-
èac ø
. C IR C L
1 I . I .T E
18. (b) n(2n +
1)(4n +
1) -
1 20. (a) 45, 15, AR
W5 or 5, 15, 47
DS (b) 10, 5, 5/2 or 5/2, 5, 10
3 TO C
N
O
REV UTIO

(c) 18, 6, 2 or 2, 6, 18.

MP
ETITION
OL

21. (a) 2, 4, 8 or 8, 4, 2 (b) 6, 12, 24 or 24, 12, 6 22. (a) 26, 5, -

16 or 2, 5, 8

(b) 8, -
4, 2, 8 23. (a) 1, 4, 16, 64 or 64, 16, 4, 1 (b) 162, 54, 18, 6, 2
1
25. n =
- 26. (ii)
2

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 33

Exercise - 4

Arithmetico-geometric series, Sum of natural numbers, Sum of their squares and cubes, Method of
difference.
4 7 10
1. (a) Sum of the series : 1 +
+2
+
3
.......to n terms and to ¥
+ .
5 5 5
(b) Sum of the series : 1.1 + 3.01 + 5.001 + 7.0001 .......n terms.

ary
1/4 1/8 1/16 1/32
(c) 2 . 4 . 8 . 16 ........ is equal to 2.
1 3 5
2. 1++ + .......to ¥
+ .
5 52 53

iw
3 5 7
3. (a) 1 +
++....... n terms.
+ (b) 1 + 2.2 + 3.22 + 4.23 + ........ + 100.299 .
2 4 8
4. 1 + ( 1 + 2 ) + ( 1 + 2 + 3 ) + ( 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 ) + ........ to n terms.

r. T
2 2 2 2 2 2
5. (a) 1 + ( 1 + 2 ) + ( 1 + 2 + 3 ) + ........ to n terms.

(b) Prove that the sum of n terms of the series 12 + (12 + 32 ) + (12 + 32 + 52 ) + .......... is
1
1)(2n2 +
n (n + 2n -
1)
6
jK
2 2 2
6. (a) 1.2 + 2.3 + 3.4 + ........ to n terms. (b) 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 + ........ to n terms.

(c) 1.2.5 + 2.3.6 + 3.4.7 + ........ n terms.

n
(d) Determine the fourth degree expression in n which is equal å
r (r +
1) (2r +
3).
no

r=
1
2 2 2
7. (a) 1.3 + 2.5 + 3.7 + ....... to 20 terms.

(b) Prove that the sum of n terms of series 1.3.5 + 3.5.7 + 5.7.9 + ........ is equal to n (2n3 + 8n2 + 7n -
2).
Ma

13 13 +
23 13 +
23 +
33
8. (a) + + .......16 terms.
+
1 1+3 1+3+ 5
3 5 7
(b) + + ........n terms and dudece the sum up to infinity.
+
1 . 2 2 . 3 3 . 42
2 2 2 2 2
:

9. 1 + 3 + 7 + 15 + 31 + ........ to n terms.
By

10. (a) 1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + 15 + ......... to n terms.

(b) Prove that the next term of the sequence 1, 5, 14, 30, 55, ....... is 91.

11. (a) 4 + 6 + 9 + 13 + 18 + ........ to n terms.

(b) 2 + 4 + 7 + 11 + 16 + ........ to n terms.

12. (a) The natural numbers are written in the form of a triangle as shown below :

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 34

 1 1st
2 3 2nd
4 5 6 3rd
7 8 9 10 4th
11 12 13 14 15 5th

nth

(i) find the sum of the numbers in the nth row. (ii) The sum of the numbers in all the n rows.

(b) The odd + ive integers are written in the form of a triangle as shown below :

1
3 5
7 9 T.11C IR CLE
13 15
I .I .
17 WAR19
DS
TO C
21 23 25 N 27 29
O
REV UTIO

MP

Prove that the sum of the numbers in the nth row is n3.
ETITION
OL

(c) The sequence n of natural numbers is divided into classes as follows.

1 2
3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12

Prove that the sum of the numbers in the nth row is n (2n2 + 1 ) .

(d) The cubes of the natural numbers are grouped as 13 , (23, 33), (43, 53, 63),........ then prove that the
1 3 2
sum of terms in the nth group is 1) (n2 +
n (n + 3)
8
13. (a) Find the sum of n terms of the series 3 + 8 + 22 + 72 + 266 + 1036 + ........

(b) Find the sum of n terms of the series 2 + 5 + 12 + 31 + 86 + ........

14. (a) Find the sum of all possible products of the first n natural numbers taken two by two.

(b) Coefficient of x99 in the polynomial ( x -

1) ( x -
2)(x-
3 ) ........ ( x -
100 ) is ........
2 2 2 2 2 2
15. (a) Sum of n terms the series 1 -
2 +3 -
4 +5 -
6 + .........

(b) Find the sum of the series S = 12 -

22 + 32 -
42 + ....... + 292 -
302 and S = 12 -
22 + 32 -
42 + ........ + 312.

16. Sum of the series n . 1 + ( n -

2).2+(n-
2 ) . 3 + ........ 1 . n.
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 35
 2 2 2 3 3
17. Find the sum of the infinite series 1 + ( 1 + a ) b + ( 1 + a + a ) b + ( 1 + a + a + a ) b + ......., b and a being
proper fractions.

18. (a) Find the sum of n terms of the series the rth term of which is (2r + 1 ) 2r .

1 1 1
19. (a) What is the sum of n terms of the series +++ ........ Deduce the sum upto

ary
infinity.
1.3.5 3.5.7 5.7.9

(b) Show that the sum of n terms of the series

3 5 7 9 6n
2
+
2 2
+
2 2 2
+
2 2 2 2
........ =
+
1 1 + 2 1 +2 +3 1 +2 + 3 +4 n+ 1

iw
1 1 1
20. (a) Let Hn =
1+
++........ +
, then the sum of n terms of the series.
2 3 n
12 12 +
22 12 +
22 +
32

r. T
+3 + ...... is
+
13 13 +
2 13 +23 +
33

4 4 4 4 2 n
(i) Hn -
1 (ii) Hn +
1 (iii) Hn (iv) Hn -
3 3 3 3 3 n+1
21. (a) The sum of the first n terms of the series 12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 + 52 + 2.62 + ........ is n (n + 1 )2 / 2 where n
jK
is even. When n is odd, the sum is ........

(b) Find the sum of first n terms of the series 13 + 3.22 + 33 + 3.42 + 53 + 3.62 + ...... where (a) n is even (b) n
is odd.
no

22. Let x = 1 + 3a + 6a2 + 10a3 + ........ ê< 1, y = 1 + 4b + 10b2 + 20b3 + ........ ê

aê bê
< 1. Find S = 1 + 3 (ab) + 5
2
(ab) + ........ in term of x and y.
2
23. If S1 = å n2, S3 = å
n, S2 = å n3 then prove that 9S2 = S3 ( 1 + 8S1)
: Ma
By

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 36

ANSWER
35 1 æ1 ö 11 2n +
3
1. (a) S =(b) n2 +
ç1-÷(c) 1 2. 3. (a) 6 -
n
16 9 è10n ø 18 2 -1
x(n +
1)(2n +
1) 1 1
(b) x = 100 4. 5. 1)2 (n +
n(n + 2) 6. (a) n(n +
1) (n +
2) (3n +
5)
6 12 12

1 1 1 4
(b) n(n +
1) (n +
2) (n +
3) (c) 1) (3n2 +
n(n + 16n3 +
34) (d) (3n +
23n + 27n2 +
14 n)
4 12 6
n
(e) 666700 7. (a) 188090
3 2
(b) n (2n + 8n + 7n -
2) 8. (a) (2n2 +
9n +
13) Put n =
16
24
n(n +
1)(n +
2) n 2
(b) 1 2n+
9. Sn =
1
n-
-2 (10) (a) 11. (a) (n +
3n +
20)
6 6
1 2 n 1 1
(b) n(n +3n +8) 12. (a) (n2 + 1) (b) n(n + 1) (n2 + n+2) 13. (a) (4n -
1) +
n (n +
1)
6 2 8. T. C IR C L 3
I . I AR E
1 O W D S
1 1)T(n -
n (n + 1) (3n + C
2)
(b) [n (n + 3n -
1) + 1] 14. N
O
2 24
REV UTIO

MP
ETITION
OL

n(n +
- 1) n(n +1)
15. (a) , if n is even , if n is odd. (b) For n = 30, 465 n or n = 31, 1426
2 2
n(n +
1)(n +
2 1 n+1 n+1
16. 17. 18. n . 2 - 2 +2
6 (1 -
b)(1 -
ab)

19. (a) Sn =
n (n + 2) 1 1) . n2
(n +
=(b) Sµ
Sµ =6 20. (a) d 21. (a)
3(2n + 1) (2n +
3) 12 2
n n+ 1
(n3 +
(b) Sn = 4n2 +
10n +
8) If n is even., Sn =(x 3 +
7n2 -
3n -
1) If n is odd
8 8
1+ab
22. S =
ab)2
(1 -

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 37

 Multiple Choice Question on A. M.; G. M. and H. M.

1. If a, b, c, d, e, f are the A. M.’s between 2 and 12, then a + b + c + d + e + f = ........

(a) 14 (b) 42 (c) 84 (d) none of these

ð
2. If 0 < è< , then tanè + cotè
(a) < 2 2 (b) ³
2 (c) can have any value (d) ³
1

ary
3. If three positive unequal numbers a, b, c are in H.P., then a2 + c2 > 2b2
(a) True (b) False

4. If A. G. H are the A. M., G. M. and H. M. respectively between two positive unequal numbers, then :

iw
(a) A > G > H (b) A > G < H (c) A < G < H (d) A < G > H

5. If A, G, H be the A. M, G. M and H. M. of two positive numbers a and b, then A ³

G³
H. Equality holds
only when ........

r. T
Select the correct answer in the following :
1. The nth A. M. between a and b is :
b-
a n (b -a) b-
a n (b -a)
(a) (b) (c) a + (d) a +
n+
1 n+ 1 n+
1 n+ 1
2. If a and b are the first and last terms of an A. P. the sum of n arithmetic means between a and b is :
jK
n (a +b) n2 (b - a) n (b -a)
(a) a + b (b) (c) na + (d) na +
2 n+ 1 n+ 1
3. The 4 A. M.’s between -
7 and 3 are :
(a) -
6, - 4, -
2, 0 (b) -5,- 3, -1, 1 (c) -
4, -
2, 0, 2 (d) none of these
no

xp +
1
yp +
+ 1

4. If be the arithmetic mean between x and y, the value of p is :

xp +
yp
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) -
1 (d) 2
Ma

5. If n is geometric means be inserted between two numbers a an b then their product is :

1 n

(a) (a b) 2
(c) (a b) 2
n 2n
(b) (a b) (d) (a b)

6. If the A. M. and G. M. between two numbers be respectively A and G the numbers are :
:

2
(a) (A -G2 ), (A2 +
G2 ) (b) A 2 -
G2 , A 2 +
G2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(c) A +
A -
G ,A -
A -
G (d) A -
A +
G ,A +
A -
G
By

an +
1
+bn +
1

7. The value of n such that may be the G. M. between a and b is :

an +bn
1 1
(a) -
1 (b) 0 (c) (d) -
2
2
n+1 n+1
8. The value of n such that a + b may be the harmonic mean between a and b is :
n
a + bn
(a) 0 (b) -
1 (c) 1 (d) 2
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 38
9. If quantities 2, a, b, c, d, e, 8 are in A. P. then a + b + c + d + e =
(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 25 (d) none of these

10. If 1, x, y, z, 2 are in G. P. then xyz =

(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 8 (d) none of these

Objective Questions on A.P. worked out example

2
1. If sum to n terms of a sequence be n + 2n, then that sequence will be :
(a) A. P. (b) G. P. (c) H. P. (d) none of these

2. 27th term of the sequence 5, 14, 23, ....... is :

(a) .239 (b) 100 (c) 101 (d) 900

3. If nth term of a sequence be n ( n -

1 ) (n -
2)(n- 3 ) (n -
4), then number of terms of the sequence
which are zero will be :
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

T. C IR nC
4.
I.I.to itsAfirst
If d we the c.d. of an A. P. and Sn be the sum LE then :
terms,
(a) d = Sn -
Sn -1 + Sn - W R(b) DSd = Sn -2Sn -1- Sn -
TO
2 2
C
(c) d = Sn -
2Sn - + S N (d) none of these
O
1 n- 2
REV UTIO

MP

S
If a be the first term, d the common difference and Sk the sum to k terms of an A. P., then for kx to be
ETITION

5.
OL

independent of x. Sk
(a) a = 2d (b) a = d (b) 2a = d (d) none of these

Choose the correct answer for each statement :

1. If general term of an A. P. is 3n + 5 then its common difference will be :

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

2. If 6th and 12th terms of an A. P. are 13 and 25 respectively, its 20th term is :
(a) 41 (b) 39 (c) 43 (d) 37

3. The pth term of an A. P. is q and qth term is p. Its r th term is :

(a) p + q + r (b) p -
q- r (c) p + q - r (d) p -
q+r

4. If P, Q, R are pth, qth , rth term of an A. P. , then :

(a) å P(q- r)=0 (b) åp(Q- R)=0 (c) å
P(Q-
R)=0 (d) both (a) and (b)

5. The number of numbers lying between 81 and 1972 which are divisible by 17 is :
(a) 111 (b) 107 (c) 105 (d) 108

6. Three numbers are in A. P. their sum is 24 and sum of their square is 200. The numbers are :
(a) 4, 8, 12 (b) 6, 8, 10 (c) 5, 8, 11 (d) 2, 8, 14

7. The sum of 4 numbers in A. P. is 40 and the product of their extremes is 91. The numbers are :
(a) 7, 9, 11, 13 (b) 6, 8, 12, 14 (c) 4, 7, 10, 19 (d) 3, 8, 9, 20

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 39

 1 1 1 2 2 2
8. If , , are in A. P. , then a , b , c are in :
b+ c c+ a a+ b
(a) A. P. (b) G. P. (c) H. P. (d) none of these

9. The sum of 15 terms of an A. P. whose first and last terms are 5 and 75 is :
(a) 550 (b) 500 (c) 600 (d) 700

ary
10. The sum of p terms of an A. P. is q and the sum of q terms is p. The sum of p + q terms is :
(a) p + q (b) p - q (c) 0 (d) -(p + q)

11. The sum of p terms of an A. P. is equal to the sum of its q terms then the sum of its ( p + q ) terms is :
(a) 0 (b) - (p+q) (c) 2 ( p + q ) (d) 1 / 2 ( p + q )

iw
12. If the sum of p terms of an A. P. is to the sum of q terms is p2 to q2 . Then the pth term is to the qth term is
p+
1 p-
1 2p +
1 2p -
1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
q+
1 q-
1 2q +
1 2q -
1

13.

14.
The sum of first 200 natural numbers is :
(a) 30600 (b) 20100
r. T (c) 40200 (d) none of these

If S1, S2, S3, be the sum of n terms of 3 Arithmetic series the first term of each being 1 and the respective
jK
common difference are 1, 2, 3, then :
(a) S1 + S2 = S3 (b) S1 + S3 = 2S2 (c) S1 + S3 = S2 (d) S1 + 2S2 = 3S3

15. If S1, S2, S3 be the sum of n, 2n, 3n terms respectively of an A. P. then :

(a) S1 + S3 = 2S2 (b) S2 -S1 = S3 (c) 2 (S2 -S1) = S3 (d) 3 (S2 -
S1) = S3
no

16. The sum of the number lying between 107 and 253 divisible by 5 is :
(a) 5220 (b) 5210 (c) 5200 (d) 5000

17. The number of the terms of the series 54 + 51 + 48 + ...... such that the sum is 513.
Ma

(a) 18 (b) 19 (c) both (a) and (b) (d) 17

18. Natural number are divided into groups such as : (1); (2, 3 ); (4, 5, 6 ); (7, 8, 9, 10 ); ........, the total
number of terms up to the end of nth group is :
n(n +1) (n + 1) (n + 1)
(a) n + 1 (b) (c) (d)
2 2 n
:

19. If S1, S2, S3, ........ Sn denotes the sum to 1, 2, 3,..........,n terms of an A. P. whose first term is a and
common difference is d, then : S1 + S2 + S3 + ........ + Sn =
By

n(n + 1)a n (n +
1)(2n +
1)d n(n +1) n (n +
1)(2n +
1)
(a) + (b) +
2 6 2 6

(c) n(n +
1)a n (n -
+
1)(n +
1)d (d) n(n +
1)a n (n +
+
1)(n -
1)d
2 6 2 6
20. If the number of terms of an A. P. be 2n + 1. The ratio of sum of the odd terms to the sum of even terms
is :
n+ 1 n2 n+ 1
(a) (b) n (c) (d)
n n+
1 n+ 1 2n
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 40
21. The least value of n for which the sum of the series 5 + 8 + 11 + ........ is not less than 670 is :
(a) 19 (b) 20 (c) 21 (d) 22

Fill in the blanks in the following statement :

22. A succession of numbers formed according to some definite rule is called a ..............

23. A .............. series is one in which the number of terms is finite.

24. A series in which every term is formed by adding the same quantity ( + ve or -
ve ) is called an ..............
series.

25. When the general term of the series is expressed as a linear function of n, then the co-efficient of n
denotes the .............. of the series.

26. The 12th term of the sequence 5, 9, 13, 17 .............. will be ..............

27. .............. term of the sequence 9, 11, 13, 15, .............. will be 109.

.I1)
3p (p I+
.T. C IR CL
E
28. If the sum of p terms of a series is ,W
the
A series
RDS is an .............
4 TO C
N
O
REV UTIO

29. If P, Q, R represents the pth, qth, rth terms of an A. P. then å

P(q -
r ) = .............
MP
ETITION
OL

30. The sum of 3 numbers in A. P. is 18 and the product of the extremes is 32. The numbers are .............

31. In every term of an A. P. is multiplied by the same quantity, then the resulting sequence is an .............

1 1 1
32. If a, b, c are in A. P. then , , are in...........
bc ca ab

2 2 2
33. If a, b, c are in A. P. then a ( b + c), b (c + a), c (a + b ) are in ............

State True of False in the following statement :

34. The difference between any two successive terms in an arithmetic series is not the same.

35. The excess of very term over its preceding term or the quantity added to every term to obtain the
succeding one is called the common ratio of the arithmetic series.

36. The sum of an arithmetic series to n terms, the first term and common difference being equal to a and
n
d respectively is {a +
(n -
1) d}.
2
37. If a1, a2, a3, a4 and a5 are in A. P. then a1 + a5 = a2 + a4 = 2a3.

38. The first and last term of an A. P. are 107 and 253. If there are five terms in this sequence, their sum is
900.

39. The sum to n terms of a sequence 7, 9, 11, ........ is 1080. Then n = 32.

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 41

40. The sum of a terms of an A. P. is equal to the sum of b
terms of the same series. Then the sum of (a
+b
)
terms is zero.

41. If the same quantity is added to each term of an A. P., the resulting series is not an A. P.

42. The general term of an A. P. is 3n + 5. Its common difference is 4.

ANSWER

ary
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (a and b)

1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (c)

iw
7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (d)

ANSWER

r. T
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (b)

7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (d) 11. (a) 12. (d)

13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (d) 16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (b)
jK
19. (d) 20. (a) 21. (b) 22. sequence 23. finite 24. arithmetic

25. common difference 26. 49 27. 51st 28. A. P. 29. 0

30. 4, 6, 8 or 8, 6, 4 31. A. P. 32. A. P. 33. A. P. 34. False

no

35. False 36. False 37. True 38. True 39. False 40. True

41. False 42. False

: Ma
By

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 42

Objective Question (Only one correct option)
1. The 3rd term in a G. P. is 4. The product of first five terms is :
(a) 256 (b) 2048 (c) 512 (d) 1024
2 2
2. If (2p)th term of a G. P. is q and (2q)th term is p , then (p + q)th term is :
1 2 2 1 3 3
(a) pq (b) p2q2 (c) pq (d) pq
2 4
q-
r r-
p p-
q
3. If P, Q, R represent the pth, qth and rth term of a G. P. then P ´
Q ´
R is equal to :
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) - 1 (d) pqr

4. Three number of whose product is 512 are in G. P. If 8 is added to the first and 6 to the second the
number will be in A. P. The numbers are :
(a) 2, 8, 32 (b) 8, 8, 8 (c) 4, 8, 16 (d) 2, 8, 14

5. The first term of an infinite G. P. is 4 and every term is equal to 3 times the sum of all the following
terms. The common ratio is :
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
. C IR C2 L
4 3
I . I .T E 5
WARDS C
TO
6. If the quantities are in G. P. then their logarithms
N are in :
O
REV UTIO

MP
(a) A. P. (b) G .P. (c) H. P. (d) none of these
ETITION
OL

7. If the pth, qth, rth terms of a G. P. are again in G. P. then p, q, r are in :

(a) A. P. (b) G. P. (c) H. P. (d) none of these

8. 1 1
The sum to n terms of the G. P. 1 ++ ............ is
2 4
1 1 æ1 ö 1
(a) n (b) n + 1 (c) 2 ç 1-n ÷
(d) 1 -
n
2 2 è2 ø 2
5 5
9. The sum of n terms and also to infinity of the series 10 + 5 + + ....
+
2 4

æ1 ö æ1 ö æ1 ö 1
æ ö
(a) 10 ç
1- , 10
n ÷
(b) 30 ç
1- , 30
n ÷
(c) 20 ç
1- , 20
n ÷
(d) 15 ç
n
1÷
-, 15
è2 ø è2 ø è2 ø 2
è ø

10. The sum of an infinite number of terms in a G. P. is 15, and the sum of their square is 45. Then a and r
are .... and .... respectively.
2 2 3
(a) 5, (b) 9, (c) 6, (d) none of these
3 5 5
11. The value of the recurring decimal 0.10898989 .... considering it as a geometric series is :
1089 1079 1069 1099
(a) (b) (c) (d)
10000 9900 9800 9800

12. The sum to n terms of the series 0.2 + 0.22 + 0.222 + ...... is :

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 43

 2 æ1 ö 2 æ1 ö 2 æ1 ö 2 æ1 ö
(a) 1-
ç ÷
9 è10n ø
(b) 1+
ç ÷
9 è10n ø
(c) å 1-
ç ÷ (d)
9 è10 ø å 1+
ç n÷
9 è10n ø

13. If S1, S2, S3 be the sums to n terms, 2n terms and 3n terms of a G. P. then S1 (S3 - S2) is equal to :
2 2
(a) (S2 - S1) (b) S2 - S1 (c) (S2 S
-1 ) (d) (S3 - S1)

ary
14. If S be the sum, P be the product and R be the sum of the reciprocals of n terms of a G. P. then :
n n
Sö
æ Sö
æ
(a) P =
ç÷ (b) P2 =
ç÷ (c) P = (SR)n (d) P2 = (SR)n
Rø
è Rø
è

15. The sum of n terms of the series 1 . 2. 3 + 2 . 3. 4 + 3. 4 . 5 + ..... is :

iw
n(n +
1) (n +
2)
(a) n(n +
1) (n +
2) (n +
3) (b)
4 4

n(n +
1) (n +
2) ( n +
3)(n +
4)

r. T
(c) (d) n ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) ( n + 3 )
4

16. The sum of n terms of the series 1 . 4 + 3. 7 + 5. 10 + ........ is :

(a)
n2 (n +1)2 2 2
(b) n (4n +5n -
1) (c)
n (4n2 +
5n -
1) 2
(d) 4n +5n -
1
4 2 2 2
jK
17. The sum to n terms of the series 1 + ( 1 + 2 ) + ( 1 + 2 + 3 ) + ...... is :
n(n +
1)(n +
2) n(n +1) n(n +
1)(n +
2) n(n +
1 ) ( 2n +
1)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 2 12 6
no

18. The sum of the n terms of the series 12 + (12 + 22) + ( 12 + 22 + 32) + ...... is :
2
(a) n ( n +
1)(n +
2) (b) n ( n + 2)2
1)(n + 2
(c) n ( n +
1)(n +
2) (d)
n(n +
1) (n +
2)
12 12 12
Ma

12

19. The natural number are grouped as (1, 3); (5, 7, 9, 11); (13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23) ; ..... the sum of the
numbers in the nth group is :
3 2 2 2
(a) 4n (b) 3n (c) 2n (d) n

Fill in the blanks in the following statement:

:

1. The sum of a geometric series to n terms the first term and common ratio being a and r respectively is
..........
By

2. If l be the last term of a G. P. the sum of the series is ..........

3. The sum of an infinite numbers of terms of a deceasing G. P. is 3 and the sum of the squares of its terms
is also 3 the series is ..........

4. The number whose sum is 15 are in A. P. if 1, 4, 19 be added to them respectively the result are in G. P.
The number are ..........
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 44
State True or False in the following statements :

1. If P, Q, R represents pth, qth and rth terms of a G. P. then Pq -

r
Qr -
´ p
Rp -
´ q
=0

40(10n -
1)
2. Sum to n terms of the series 4 +
44 +
444 +
..... is 4n
-
9
Answer :

Objective Question (Only one correct option)

1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. ( a) 6. (a)

7. (a) 8. ( c) 9. (c) 10. ( a) 11. (b) 12. (c)

13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (a) 16. (c) 17. (a) 18. (d)

19. (a)

Fill in the blanks in the following statement:

T. C IR C
1.
rn )
a(1 -
2.
a-
rl I.I. AR3. 3 ,L3E, 3 , ........ 4. 2, 5, 8
W DS C
1-r 1-r TO 2 4 8
N
O
REV UTIO

MP

State True or False in the following statements :

ETITION
OL

1. False 2. False.

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 45

Objective Question (Only one correct option)

[1982, 2m]
1. The third term of a geometric progression is 4. The product of the first five terms is :
3 5 4
(a) 4 (b) 4 (c) 4 (d) None of these

[1985, 2m]

ary
2 2
2. If a, b, c are in G.P. then the equations ax + 2bx + c = 0 and dx + 2ex + f = 0 have a common root, if,
d e f
, , are in :
a b c
(a) AP (b) GP (c) HP (d) None of these

iw
[1988, 2m]
3. Sum of the first n terms of the series
1 3 7 15
+ + + ..... is equal to :
+
2 4 8 16
(a) 2n -
n-
1 (b) 1 -n
2- n
(c) n + 2- 1 (d) 2n + 1

r. T
-

[1998, 2m]
4. Let Tr be the rth term of an AP, for some positive integers m, n we have
1 1
Tm = and Tn = , then Tmn equals :
n m
jK
1 1 1
(a) (b) + (c) 1 (d) 0
mn m n

[1999, 2m]
no

5. If x1, x2, x3 as well as y1, y2, y3 are in GP with the same common ratio, then the points (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and
(x3, y3)
(a) lie on a straight line (b) lie on an ellipse
(c) lie on a circle (d) are vertices of a triangle
Ma

[2000, 2m]
6. Consider an infinite geometric series with first term a and common ratio r, If its sum is 4 and the
second term is 3 / 4, then :
(a) a = 4 / 7, r = 3/ 7 (b) a = 2, r = 3 / 8 (c) a = 3 / 2, r = 1 / 2 (d) a = 3, r = 1 / 4

[2001, 1m]
:

2 2
7. Let a ,bbe the roots of x - x + p = 0 and g
,dbe the roots of x -
4x + q = 0. If a,b ,
g,dare in GP then the
integer values of p and q respectively are :
(a) -2, -32 (b) -2, 3 (c) -
6, 3 (d) -
6, -
32
By

8. If the sum of the first 2n terms of the AP series 2, 5, 8, ......, is equal to the sum of the first n terms of the
AP series 57, 59, 61, ....., then n equals :
(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 11 (d) 13

Passage Based Problem

[2007, 8m]
Let Vr denotes the sum of the first r terms of an arithmetic progression (AP) whose first term is r and the
common difference is ( 2r -
1 ). Let Tr = Vr + 1 -
V r-
2 and Qr = Tr + 1 -
Tr for r = 1, 2, .....
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 46
1. The sum V1 + V2 + ..... + Vn is :
1 1
(a) 1) (3n2 -
n(n + n+
1) (b) 1) (3n2 +
n(n + n+
2)
12 12

1 2 1 3
(c) (2n -
n+
1) (d) (2n -
2n +
3)
2 3

2. Tr is always :
(a) an odd number (b) an even number (c) a prime number (d) a composite number

3. Which one of the following is a correct statement?

(a) Q1, Q2, Q3, ...... are in AP with common difference 5
(b) Q1, Q2, Q3,...... are in AP with common difference 6
(c) Q1, Q2, Q3, ...... are in AP with common difference 11
(d) Q1= Q2 = Q3, = ......

Fill in the blanks

T. C IR CLE
I .I .
R byS2 or 5 is ..............
[1984, 2m]
1. OWA D
The sum of integers from 1 to 100 that are divisible
T C
N
O
REV UTIO

MP
[1988, 2m]
ETITION

1)2
OL

2 2 2 2 2 n(n +
2. The sum of the first n terms of the series 1 + 2.2 + 2. 4 + 5 + 2.6 + .... is , when n is even.
When n is odd, the sum is ........... . 2

Analytical & Descriptive Questions

[1979, 3m]
y-
z z-
x x-
y
1. If the mth, nth and pth terms of an AP and GP are equal and are x, y, z, then prove that x , y , z = 1.

[1980, 3m]
2. The interior angles of a polygon are in arithmetic progression. The smallest angle is 120° and the
common difference is 5. Find the number of sides of the polygon.

[1982, 2m]
3. (a) If a1, a2, ....... , an are in arithmetic progression, where ai > 0 for all I show that :

1 1 1 n-i
+ ....... +
+ =
a1 + a2 a2 + a3 an-
1 +an a1 + an
(b) Does there exist a geometric progression containing 27, 8 and 12 as three of its terms? If it exists
how many such progression are possible?

[1981, 4m]
æ 7ö
4.
x
If log3 2, log3 (2 - 2x -
5) and log3 ç are in arithmetic progression, determine the value of x.
÷
è2 ø
[1991, 4m]
5. If S1, S2, S3, ......, Sn are the sums of infinite geometric series, whose first terms are 1, 2, 3, ....., n and
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 47
 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
whose common ratios are , , ,........, respectively, then find the values of S1 + S 2 + S 3 +
S22n - . 2 3 4 n+
1
1

[1996, 3m]
3 2
6. The real numbers x1, x2, x3 satisfying the equation x -
x +b
x+g
= 0 are in AP. Find the intervals in which
b and glie.

ary
ANSWER

Objective Question (Only one correct option)

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (d)

iw
7. (a) 8. (c)

Passage based problem

1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (b)

Fill in the blanks

1. 3050 2.
n2 (n +
2
Analytical & Descriptive Question
1)
r. T
jK
1
2. 9 3. (b) Infinite 4. x = 3 5. (2n)(2n +
1)(4n +
1) -
1
6

æ1ù é1 ö
6. â Î
-
ç, ú
¥ and ã Î
-
ê ,¥
÷
è 3û ë27 ø
no
: Ma
By

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad Sequence & Series 48