DAVAO RIVER ESPLANADE AND RIPARIAN PARKS 05/13/2019

1. General Description
“Open, Green spaces when optimized, can promote development, economic growth, and
climate change resiliency.”
Davao is growing at an unprecedented pace. However,
development comes at a price. Because of cultural and socio-
political limitations, we are faced with the burdens of a growing
metropolis - uncontrolled sprawl, settlements within hazardous
areas, frail planning enforcement, little climate change awareness,
and pollution, just to name a few.
Within several years, the Davao River will be devoid of its
natural processes due to the measures we are implementing such
as concreting the river banks. This not only aggravates our capacity
to adapt to climate change but does not mitigate pollution in our Figure 1 - Mangrove strip provide
river. These adverse effects reduce land values, impair tourism, and added protection
endangers life and health to the city. It won’t be long until our river becomes the next Pasig River.
Clean-up drives can only do so much as pollution will return if the river is not maintained. We have
to solve the problem from the roots to keep a sustainable, balanced ecosystem.
Rehabilitating waterways and natural features are the enduring goal of all major cities (i.e.,
Tokyo, Seoul, Brisbane, etc.) Our group sees Davao City taking the conscious step to follow suit
with these global cities into the future. Our group also hopes to promote urban tourism and be
able to provide this alternative to achieve our city’s vision to become a Premiere city of the EAGA
and Asia-Pacific Region.
We therefore propose a river easement that can accommodate a public park and a 4-lane road.
Our design aims to cut travel time between the north and south. In addition to this, the
development aims to rehabilitate the river’s ecosystem to reintroduce natural flora endemic in
Davao River.
Secondly, to construct a series of flood reservoirs and dikes as disaster mitigation by
strategically placing these reservoirs along populated areas beside the river to divert flood waters
from said areas, as well as retention ponds to minimize surface runoff from nearby impermeable
surfaces such as pavements and streets.
1.1. Implementation Period
Feasibility studies will begin as soon as this plan is deemed amenable, after which the planning
stage can begin. Implementation will start within 2020-2022, preferably within the span of the
present administration to ensure funding from the National Government.

1.2. Expected output and outcome

As per this plan, expected output from the proponent is a set of plans composed of; master
development plan, architectural plans, civil/structural plans, electrical plans, and mechanical plans
with attached bill of quantities, and corresponding estimates for funding requirements. All of which
will be used for the eventual implementation of the project.

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2. Business Case
2.1. Project Title
“Design for the Davao River Riparian Parks System”
2.2. Executive Summary
Davao River is one of the city’s most noticeable natural
features but it is often overlooked. It is often treated as a
backwater with establishments facing away from the river.
In developed countries, the riverfront is one of the most
valuable properties in the city such as the river Seine in Paris
or the Huangpu River in Shanghai.

The environmental impacts of the current

Figure 2 – River Crossing, Davao
revetment method are immense. By building a solid
River
embankment, it denies the river its natural function of water filtration, especially from water
coming from paved surfaces. The storm water runoff collects the pollutants from impervious
surfaces such as roads and sidewalks and is discharged towards the river in bulk. By building a
green open park, it gives room for the surface run-off to be collected to bio-retention basins
for filtration before re-entering our waterways.

By building a Riparian Park and link road, the

city will have gained a (1) improved environmental
life support systems (2) public park for its citizens to
enjoy, (2) an improved air and water quality, (3) an
added high value district facing the river that yields
high property values, (4) tourism for increased
income and recognition for the city (5) added flood
mitigation measures and urban waste water receptor
(6) and road network traversing the river significantly
improving traffic flow. Figure 3 - Brisbane, QLD, Australia
This project enhances the people’s right to a
balanced ecology and fulfils the LGU’s mandate to manage its environment within its territorial
jurisdiction.
2.3. Detailed Business Case
2.3.1. Context
Davao City is a rapidly growing city with over 1.6 million inhabitants. It is a commercial
and industrial hub of Southern Mindanao and the third most competitive highly urbanized city
in the Philippines. It boasts splendid natural features from cold highlands to warm and sunny
beaches to a bustling urban center. It is indeed a diverse landscape harbouring people from
diverse ethnicities and backgrounds. Its urban landscape is still identifiably green with high-
rises being built in dispersed areas. Its expansion is mostly horizontal with new townships being
built at the outskirts annually.
With development moving outward, the older districts will have it piece or urban decay.
The resulting urban decay has led to the migration of illegal settlers to these areas,
consequently, near bodies of water such as in Quezon Boulevard, or the Davao River. The

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proposer found this troublesome as it not only affects land value but also the quality of the
city’s water ways.
2.3.2. Scope
For clarification purpose, this proposal is intended for the design and plan only of the
proposed Davao River Riparian Parks System. The scope involves:
1. Master development plan
2. Architectural, Civil, Electrical, Mechanical and Sanitary Plans
3. Bill of Quantities and Estimates

The scope of the project itself spans multiple barangays and begins at the mouth of the
river in the Bucana Districts and ends in the CP Garcia Bridge in Maa. The objective is to build
a continuous park and a 4-lane road that begins at the mouth of the river at the coastal road
to the CP Garcia Bridge in diversion road. In areas where it has a narrow corridor, an absolute
width of 21 meters should be maintained from the established water line. (15 meter-ROW and
6 meters easement.)
The project itself involves:
1. Clearing/relocation of informal settlers or the purchase of affected private
properties thereof.
2. Earthworks for the finished level of the park and road network.
3. Construction of revetment to the furthest distance from the bank as practicable to
accommodate mangrove patches.
4. Construction of Flood Reservoirs, and waste water treatment facilities
5. Construction of roads and pavements.
6. Landscaping, community planting drives.
2.3.3. Benefits and Strategic Alignment
Project Benefits:
By building a Riparian Park and bypass road, the city will have gained in:

 Rehabilitation, Protection, and conservation of the Davao River in its

sustainable use.
 Reduced disaster risk by removing illegal settlements from hazardous slopes
and floodplains.
 Road network traversing the river from Coastal Road to CP Garcia Bridge will
significantly reduce travel time from north to south by up to 10 minutes.
 High value properties facing the river that yields high property returns.
 Ease of access to riverside properties bringing in traffic for new commercial
districts
 Improved air and water quality.
 Increased income thru tourism and beautification of the city.
 Public Park for citizens to enjoy.
 Bio-retention ponds and flood reservoirs to control flooding.
 Sewage treatment plants to prevent further pollution of coastal areas.

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Strategic Alignment:
In line with the city’s vision of being the tourism center of Mindanao as well as a Premier
city of the Asia-Pacific Region, this project aims to take a step further and make Davao City an
Asian Tourism hub as well as a globally competitive city in terms of sustainability as a model of
ecological balance.
At the national level, this project is guided and mandated by two landmark national
laws, the Climate Change Act of 2009 (RA 9729) and the Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Act of 2010 (RA 10121), which aims to mainstream climate change adaptation
and disaster risk reduction. It is therefore imperative that these projects be integrated into the
urban master plan.
Development ought to act as a buffer zone between the Davao River and the urban
areas to “allow controlled development while retaining desirable environmental site features”.
It is also worth noting that trees and green parks ought to be considered as public health
infrastructure.

Annex 8-7. Of the Green Urban Development Performance Guidelines by the HLURB
encompasses several of this project’s benefits and strategic alignment to the LGU of Davao
namely;
1. Water and Wastewater 7. Detention and Infiltration
Infrastructure Structures
2. Floodplain Avoidance 8. Pedestrianization
3. Protection [restoration] of 9. Enhance and Maintain
Ecological Features Streetscape
4. Protection of Wetlands and 10. Street Trees
Water Bodies 11. Increase and Improve Public
5. Protection of Imperiled Space and Green Areas
Species and Ecological 12. Heat Island Reduction
Communities 13. Solid Waste Management
6. Storm water Management 14. Water Efficient Landscaping

National Physical Framework Plan 2001-2030

Environmental Stability and Ecological Integrity.
Achieving environmental stability through the observance of appropriate standards,
and ensuring ecological integrity through effective natural resource management
and balancing the demand of land using activities vis-à-vis preservation of
ecosystems.

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2.4. Financing Options

It is important to note that this project involves 2 parts.
1. Design of the Davao River Riparian Parks System
2. Construction of the Davao River Riparian Parks System
Our Team is proposing the Design Services of the Davao River Esplanade only. Thus, both
parts may require different financing options.
2.4.1. Funded by Government (General Appropriation Act)
Funding under the GAA (General Appropriations Act) may be used for the design
services.

2.4.2. Funded by Official Development Assistance (ODA)

For the construction proper, the government may request loan or grants from external
sources or through bilateral agreement funds such as the JICA. This is the most viable recourse
as this project is in line with transit efficiency, quality sustainable growth, and disaster resiliency
criteria.

2.4.3. Through Public-Private Partnership

A common method may be the design plans may be bid out to private corporations to
build-operate-transfer. This is an advantageous recourse as this project is cost-saving.

2.4.4. Other / Mixed Financing

The Construction itself is wide encompassing and will be composed of several phases
through completion projects and expected to be completed in a number of years. Different
phases may be funded from a mix of financing options.

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2.5. Delivery Capability/Capacity

2.5.1. Resource Expectations
As per this proposal, the resources required are minimal and highly dependent on
consultation, research and production of plans and design.

2.5.2. Project Interdependencies

Local Gov’t Project

Unit/NGAs Funding
Property Options Development
Owners Cost

Affected Stakeholder Financial

Maintenance
Informal approval Capability Cost
Settlers

General
Public & Financial
Interested Benefits
Groups Davao
River
Constitution Esplanade Risk
& R.A. 7160
Assessment
“Local Govt
Code”

Alignment to
R.A. 9729, Local and Absorptive Environmental
R.A. 10121 National Impact
Capacity
Policies

Phil. Agenda Social Impact

21, NFPP NCCAP,
Change
2001-2030 Sustainable
Management
Devt. Goals

2.5.3. Project Milestones

1. Task 1 - Schematic Plans and Program of Work:
Plans and Program of is dependent on the pre-feasibility studies. The
results of the pre-feasibility study will determine the outcome and scope of the
schematic plans and program of works.
2. Task 2 – Funding:
To make reasonable justification for the project’s cost and purpose of
undertaking, a plan, program of works, and attached pre-feasibility studies shall
be submitted to the appropriate funding source available.
3. Task 3 – Detailed Plans and Analyses:

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After the project receives funding, detailed Architectural and

Engineering plans will be prepared with corresponding specifications and
analysis, and detailed estimates. These documents will form the construction
documents to be used for approval, and eventual implementation of the project.
4. Task 4 – Plan validation/approval:
Issuance of permits, approval, or clearances from concerned offices and
agencies.
5. Task 5 – Land Acquisition, Site clearing/Demolition:
6. Task 6 – Construction:
Construction by implementing agencies.
Project Milestones Chart
2019 2020 2021 2022
Description Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
T1 Schematic
Plans and
POW
T2 Funding
T3 Detailed Plans
and Analysis
T4 Plan Approval
T5 Land
Acquisition,
Site Clearing
T6 Construction

2.5.4. Change Management

Project will be turned over to the City Tourism Office, and DoT, to be co-managed
by the barangay in the segments within its jurisdiction.
2.5.5. Stakeholder Consultation and Communications
Communication is vital to ensure viability of the plan, and to inform the benefits
to its key players and subjects. Information will be readily available to convince
stakeholders to the project’s benefits, especially among property owners. Information
drives can be conducted by the LGU, barangays, and prints be placed at every public
bulletin boards.
The Stakeholders are divided into groups namely:
Players Subjects
-Davao City LGU -Informal Settlers w/in site
-Property Owners w/in site -Small business owners w/in site
-NGAs (DPWH, DENR, DoT) -Residents w/in site
Context Setters Crowd
-Business Groups (DCCCII) -General Public
-Environmental Advocates
-Tourism promotion & welfare groups

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2.6. Financial
2.6.1. Summary of Capital Costs-Assumptions
1. Construction Cost (CC)
Description Unit Unit Cost (PhP) Unit Total Cost (PhP)
Quantity
1 4 lanes 1 km 80,000,000/km 4000m 480,000,000
2 Revetment 0.35 km 40,000,000/0.35km 9000m 1,040,000,000
3 Site 1 sq.m. 1500/sq.m 490,628 735,942,000
Development sq.m
4 Flood Reservoir 1 pc 10,000,000/pc 30 pcs 300,000,000
Total Estimated Construction Cost 2,555,942,000*
2. Land Acquisition Cost
Description Unit Unit Cost (PhP) Unit Total Cost (PhP)
Quantity
1 Relocation of 1 500,000/per 3,613 1,806,500,000
Settlers household household ** households
2 Purchase of 1 sq.m 5000/sq.m. 520,555m 2,602,775,000
Private
Property
Total Estimated Land Acquisition Cost 4,409,275,000*
3. Consultation Fees
Description Unit Unit Cost (PhP) Unit Total Cost (PhP)
Quantity
1 Detailed 1 0.3% of Const. Cost 1 7,667,826
Architectural
and Engineering
Design

Total Design Consultation Cost 7,667,826

Total Estimated Development Cost: PhP 6,972,884,826.00
Note:
*Cost estimated is only up to the proposed bridge by Brgy 8-A **Cost of 1 Pag-Ibig housing unit
2.6.2. Summary of Operational Cost-Assumptions
Description Unit Unit Cost (PhP) Unit Total Cost
Quantity Monthly (PhP)
1 Enforcers/Public 1 Enforcer 14,000/person 90 1,260,000
Safety Officer persons*
2 Utility/Maintenance 1 12,000/person. 90 1,080,000
Workers Maintenance persons**
worker
Total Estimated Operational Cost (Monthly) 2,340,000
*Estimated at 1 Brgy. Tanod for every 100m stretch of the project
** Estimated at 1 Maintenance worker for every 100m stretch of the project

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2.6.3. Cost-Benefit Analysis/Value Drivers

Increase in Property Values
Areas that can directly benefit the project
constitutes an area of 255 hectares within the
Poblacion, Bucana, and Maa barangays.
Construction of improvements such as access
roads, disaster mitigating infrastructure, and
green open spaces could increase the land value
by up to 100% or up to PhP 10,000 per sq.m* as
evident in growth patterns in other districts in
the city. This means an increase in property
Figure 4 - Singapore. Esplanade Greenbelt and
values amounting to 12.75 billion. This spike in
Shopping District
values may be beneficial to sellers and property
owners. High value districts can entice medium to high-end markets improving commerce and
investments.

* Average cost of real estate prices used at Bangkerohan and Magallanes ranging from PhP 1,500 – PhP 8,000 per
square meter.

Reduce Pollution costs

According to a recent study, the global financial cost of pollution is totalling $4.6 trillion*
with the Philippines claiming a $2.8 billion portion of the cost**. Davao city being the 3 rd most
highly urbanized city may very well share a large portion of that amount. What exactly are the
factors of financial wastage on pollution?
Mortality is the number one factor. Philippines ranked 3rd in the most deaths caused by
air pollution.
Water pollution related deaths costs the
Philippines a total of PhP14.3 billion per year in lost
human capital. In addition to this, we are spending
billions on health services increasing hospital beds
that are needlessly addressing diseases caused by
pollution. A problem that can be avoided if a
conscious planning effort of the city’s natural
features are implemented.
These are only human-related cost
assumptions. Mismanagement of our river
Figure 5 - Seoul, Han River Redevelopment
resources could impact our tourism, fisheries and
other aquatic resources which we are economically dependent on.
Disasters also play a big role. By allowing settlements by the river, we are tolerating
hazardous conditions to the underprivileged citizens that could endanger their health and lives.
By investing on health and disaster mitigating infrastructure, the city will have done its
share in minimizing loss of life and financial wastage due to pollution and disaster.
*Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health **World Bank

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Reduce Congestion Costs

An extended travel duration of just 10 minutes due to inefficient road planning from
poblacion to diversion road can cost the city up to PhP 1,085,850** daily or up to PhP
396,335,250** annually on fuel wastage. Building a linkage road can recuperate the same
amount to an extent.

*Cost derived from the annual average daily traffic (AADT) from DPWH of road sections in Davao connecting
Poblacion to Diversion Road of a total of 45,244 cars daily.
** Supposing the cost of a 30-minute travel is equivalent to P45 worth of fuel (Diesel).

Increased Tourism
Davao River, especially in Barangay Bucana, may well be patterned after the famous
“Gardens by the Bay”. With large areas of the Barangay largely under-developed, as well as in
large stretches of the Davao River. This is a potential goldmine in inviting tourism and
recognition for the city.
In Singapore, it is clear they capitalized on its esplanade for its tourism such as the
Marina Bay, the ‘merlion’ by the esplanade, and its gardens by the bay.
In Iloilo, The city’s beautification efforts thru its esplanade have made it a prime
destination for conventions and it has since become the most important landmark of the city
offering a peaceful respite and for leisurely stroll.
In Davao City, we are keen on investing on tourism at its fringes. But in essence, the city
has become a jump-off point to distant tourism spots such as in highlands or beaches. By
enticing tourists to the city with aesthetically pleasing infrastructure, the city itself may have
its share of urban tourism as well as a pleasant development for its citizens to enjoy.

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2.7. Project Risk

2.7.1. Project Delivery Risks
1. Potential Risks
Potential Risks Probability Impact Risk mitigation
1 Property owners’ not 90% -Sections of the project -Inform property owners
willing to compromise will be cut at trouble of the project benefits.
land in exercise of properties. -offer fair compensation.
eminent domain. -Price negotiations may
increase land acquisition
cost.
2 Opposition from 90% - Negative perception of -Compensate displaced
residents of the the project from affected residents fairly
relocation/demolition, residents and other -Inform them of
as evident in other groups. mobilization months
ahead before relocation.
developments.
3 Misuse of funds 50% - Builder will compensate -Have project controls to
through corruption by using substandard track and monitor funds.
construction methods and -Transparency in all
materials. dealings
- Poor workmanship
4 Force Majeure (Storm 50% - Life endangerment and -Contractor to take added
surges, Floods) destruction of property safety precautions
may incur additional -Must possess sufficient
damage costs and delay in insurance and bonds.
implementation.

2.7.2. Post Implementation Risks

Potential Risks Probability Impact Risk Mitigation
1 Possible re-entry of 90% - Return of the esplanade -Provide enough
illegal settlers to its present state as a peacekeepers and police
backwater. personnel to prevent re-
-destruction of introduced entry of illegal settlers.
plant and marine life.

2 Poor Maintenance 90% - Results in negative -Provision of barangay

perception and image of maintenance budgets, or
the esplanade. the CENRO to add
-may be perceived again as personnel, whichever the
a backwater or an unsafe case may be.
locale. -Provide incentives or
healthy competition for
barangays to clean the
segments of the esplanade
within their bounds.

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2.8. Advantages/Disadvantages
2.8.1. Financial
1. Advantage
1. Increase in real estate values;
 Potential to expose untapped property values worth billions.
 Creation of new riverside commercial districts increasing commerce
and investments.
2. Drastically reduce traffic congestion costs due to link roads connecting
coastal road to diversion road.
3. Reduce damage costs from flooding and other related disasters due to
mitigation measures such as dikes, bio-retention ponds and flood
reservoirs.
4. Requires minimal maintenance cost. All landscape to be introduced, such
as palms and mangroves, are naturally occurring to the region.
5. Increase in tourism revenues due to unique esplanade design.
6. Rock revetment is cheaper than concrete embankment.
2. Disadvantage
1. Costs and logistics in relocating informal settlers.
2. Costs in land acquisition of private properties.

2.8.2. Non-Financial
1. Advantage
1. Significantly reduce travel time from north to south by road network
traversing the river from Coastal Road to Diversion Road.
2. Reduce damage to life and property by removing illegal settlements from
hazardous banks, slopes, and floodplains.
3. Reduce risk to urban flooding through bio-retention ponds and flood
reservoirs.
4. Sewage treatment plants to prevent further pollution of coastal areas.
5. Alleviate the pollution of Davao River and improve air and water quality
6. Reduce urban heat island effect, as well as provide green “lungs” for the
city.
7. Provide rational and environmental approach against uncontrolled urban
expansion
8. Improve the city’s natural environment, infrastructure, and visual quality.
9. Public Park for citizens to enjoy for leisure, and recreation.
10. Introduction of urban tourism
11. Rehabilitation, Protection, and conservation of the Davao River and
provide sanctuary for wildlife.

2. Disadvantage
1. Relocation of illegal settlements may prove troublesome, as it may impair
the local official’s standing among the displaced residents.

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 This problem can be avoided if they can be relocated in better living

conditions or be compensated with enough provisions to move to a
different settlement.

2. Some private property owners may not want to compromise portions of

their property.
 This is correlated to the advantages mentioned above. The owner
may be encouraged to compromise in exchange for higher property
values, higher selling rates, and accessibility for their properties. In
the greater scheme of things, this development will invite greater
wealth and investments. The economic, social, and environmental
values far outweigh the initial cost.

2.8.3. Evaluation Criteria

Evaluation criteria should satisfy all development sectors and how it progresses each
sector.

1- Poor 2- Fair 3- Satisfactory 4- Good 5 - Excellent

Sector Criteria 1 2 3 4 5
Social Does this project improve the status of
Development well-being of the citizens in terms of
Gender Equity, Health, Education,
Culture, Recreation, and Welfare?
Economic Does this project invite investment,
Development Improve finances, real estate, and
tourism?
Infrastructure Can this project provide efficient
Development transportation and communication,
flood control and drainage?
Environment and Can this project mend pollution, and
Natural Resources improve the natural quality of the city?
Does this project provide sanctuary for
wildlife and improve air and water
quality, and efficient waste
management?
Institutional Can this project improve the delivery
Development capability of the LGU? Can this project
give positive public perception to the
quality of government plans and
programs?

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2.9. Project Governance

2.9.1. Governance Structure

Local Chief Executive and City

Legislation

Approving Body
Design and Planning Group, UAP,
DENR, etc.

Consultative Body
Project Coordinating
Board
Technical Working Group

Brgy. Chief City Engineer's

Executive Office/DPWH R. XI
Project Support and peacekeeping Implementing Agency

Barangay, CENRO, City

Tourism Office/DoT
Custodian/Maintenance

2.9.2. Project Controls

1. Project Administrator (PA) – The mayor shall appoint one project administrator
to act on the mayor’s behalf. The PA, representing the Mayor, shall oversee the
project.
2. Project Coordinating Board – Establishment of project coordinating board
consisting of 1 representative from 5 groups. They shall act as the technical
working group that will monitor the project and provide valuable inputs that
will be translated into a working plan by the design group.
1. CPDO – act as Project Director (PD) and provide inputs on legal and
development matters.
2. CEO/JICA – Provide inputs on technical and engineering viability.
3. CENRO/DENR – Inputs on environmental and ecological concerns.
4. Brgy. Chairman (per site basis) – contextual and “on the ground” inputs.
5. Design Group – Translate board’s inputs into a working plan.

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Duties and Responsibilities

-To ensure proper scheduling, report milestones, and to implement and administer
the project. This diversified board is intended to give inputs to produce the best and
maximized output (action plans, design, specifications, and construction) of the
project.
3. Project Manager - There shall be a provision of a Project Management (PM)
team by courtesy of the implementing agency. This Project Management team
will report to the Project Director (PD) on matters of progress and issues arising
during construction.
2.9.3. Communication Plan
1. Project Administrator (PA) will represent the Mayor’s office. The PA have the
authority to approve board decisions, and to provide valuable assistance from
the mayor’s office.
2. Project Director (PD) shall receive all plans, outputs, data, and research
materials and they will likewise disseminate data, findings, and plans to use for
the concerned parties such as preparation of plans, and data for
implementation. The PD shall report to the PA on progress and issues of the
project.
Communication Plan Diagram

Report to the PA on
PA - Project Board Decisions,
Administrator progress, issues,
(Mayor's requests etc.
Representative)

Technical Working Group Report to PD on

Response Project Director construction
and approval (PD)/ CPDO progress, concerns,
of board
(Key Person) etc.
decisions

Project
Coordinating
Board

Provide inputs and

suggestions to the Design Group
design group

Provide Plans and Implementing

Details for Agency
Implementation

Project
Management
Group

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