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Chapter 3 Matter

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32 views

Chapter 3 Matter

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franzen nicko
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The Basic

Concepts of
Matter
P repared by: Dr. Maricel M. S upan
01. Physical State of Matter
S olid, L iq uid, G as, P lasma
02. Physical and Chemical Properties
Intensive and E x tensive P hysical P roperties

03.Changes in Matter
P hysical and C hemical C hange:
04.Classification of Matter
P ure substance and Mix tures
E vidences of C hemical change
Introduction
S ince C hemistry is the field of study
concerned with the characteristics,
composition, and transformations of matter.
The universe is composed entirely of matter
and energy. It encompasses all things-both
living and non living as well as naturally
occurring and manmade.
“In
the middle of
difficulty lies
opportunity”
—Albert Einstein
01.
Physical State of Matter
S olid, L iq uid, G as, P lasma......
Matter exists in three physical states:
Solid, Liquid, Gas

Microscopic views of a solid, a liq uid, a gas and a plasma


Description of Concepts

Solid Liquid
have a definite shape have an indefinite shape
and a definite volume and a definite volume

Gas Plasma
G ases have an A plasma is an ioniz ed
indefinite shape and an gas
indefinite volume
Review of Concepts
An ice cube is place in a closed container. O n
heating, the ice cubes first melts and the water
then boils to form steam. W hich of the following
statements is true?

a) T he physical appearance of the water is


different at every stage of change.
b) T he mass of water is greatest for the ice
cube and least for the steam.
Physical
P roperties: U sed to observe and describe
matter. P hysical properties of materials and
systems are often described as intensive and
ex tensive properties

Chemical
P roperties: Describes its "potential" to
undergo some chemical change or reaction
by virtue of its composition
A P hysical change is a
change in how matter
looks, but not the kind
of matter is it is.
Intensive
P roperties: A physical property that
will be the same regardless of the
amount of matter. Extensive
P roperties: A physical property
that will change if the amount of
matter changes.
An intensive property is a bulk property,
meaning that it is a physical property of a
system that does not depend on the
system siz e or the amount of material in
the system.
E x ample: C olor, C onductivity, Malleability, L uster
E x ample of ex tensive properties

mass: how much matter in the sample


volume: H ow much space the sample takes
up
length: H ow long the sample is
C hemical change results in
one or more substances of
entirely different composition
from the original substances.
E vidences for chemical change:
1. E volution of gas (gas bubbles)
2 . F ormation of P recipitate
3 . P ermanent change in color
Classification of Matter

Substances that Substances formed Mixture has A mixture in which


cannot be from two or more components that are the composition is
decomposed by elements combined not evenly distributed uniform throughout
chemical means in a fixed proportion by the mixture.
into simpler mass.
substances.
All matter is composed of
tiny particles called Atom.
Democritus who first Main point of Dalton’s theory were:
coined the term “atomos”
means indivisible 1. All matter is composed of atoms, which are
John Dalton (1766-1844) indivisible and preserve their identity in
proposed the atomic chemical changes.
theory
2 . All atoms of a given element are identical in
all properties And that when atoms combine
to form molecules, they do so in the ratio of
small whole numbers.
Errors in Dalton’s Theory

1. All atoms of a given


element are identical
in all properties.
2. It is now known that
atoms are composed
of smaller subatomic
particles.
Pure Substance & Mixture
Element
A pure substance that is composed of
only one kind of atom.

Compound
T wo or more elements chemically
combined in a definite and constant
proportions

Mixture
A combination of two or more pure
substances in variable proportions.
Elements

Metal
Non metal
Are solid at room
temperature, they
are malleable and Metalloid More than half of
ductile, also a good the nonmetals
conductor of heat are gas at room
Also called
and electricity temperature
semiconductors,
they can act as a
metal or nonmetal
This Is a Map

Venus
V enus has a
beautiful name,
but is terribly hot

Mars
Despite being
red, Mars is
actually cold
More State of Matter?
Some exist only in theory, others can be reproduced in
laboratories, some are so new that scientists are still figuring
out the details and others might exist, but have not yet been
found in nature. They include: quark-gluon plasmas, Bose-
Einstein condensates, fermionic condensates, strange
matter, liquid crystals, quantum spin liquid (QSL),
superfluids, supersolids and the paramagnetic and
ferromagnetic phases of magnetic materials.
Elements

Metal
Non metal
Metal
Metalloid Metal

Metal

An illustration of a "super-photon" created when physicists turned photons of light into a


state of matter called a Bose-Einstein condensate.
(Image: © Jan Klaers, University of Bonn)
Thanks!
Do you have any q uestions?

E mail me: mmsupan@ dhvsu.edu.ph


F b Maricel Mangalino S upan

C R E DIT S : T his presentation template was


created by S lidesgo, including icons by F laticon,
and infographics & images by F reepik.

P lease keep this slide for attribution.


References:
C hang. R . 10 th ed. C hemistry. 2 0 10 .McG raw-H ill International E dition
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/elements-and-compounds/
https://www.siyavula.com/read/science/grade-9 /compounds/0 7-compounds
http://resources.schoolscience.co.uk/ici/11-14/materials/match4pg1.html
https://sciencenotes.org/hd-wallpaper-periodic-table/
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/illustration-chemistry-material-can-be-
separated-13 0 5 5 769 3 1
Resources
Vectors:
● H and drawn chemistry background blackboard
● H and drawn chemistry background
● H and drawn chemistry eq uation background
● H and drawn scientific formulas chalkboard
● H and drawn chemistry background 2
● W eb elements made-up doodles
● H and drawn diagram with professional style

Photos:
● F ront view smiley scientist with microscope
● S cientist making test laboratory

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