St.
Marcellinus/MPM 2D1 Date:________________
Unit 3: Analytic Geometry
Lesson 1 - Midpoint and Length of a Line Segment
To find the
_____________________________of a line
segment, you must find the middle (average) of
both the x and y coordinates of the endpoints. If
A has coordinates (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) and B has coordinates
(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) , then the coordinates of the midpoint of
𝑥 +𝑥 𝑦 +𝑦
line segment AB are ( 1 2 2 , 1 2 2 ).
To find the
_______________________________ of a line
segment, we first construct a right-angle triangle
using the rise and run of the line segment. The
run is the difference in the x-coordinates of the
endpoints, and the rise is the difference in the y-
coordinates of the endpoints. You can then use
Pythagorean Theorem, 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 , to calculate
the length of the line segment.
Example 1.
Calculate the length and midpoint of the line segment joining the endpoints A(9,3) and
B(3,5).
St. Marcellinus/MPM 2D1 Date:________________
Example 2.
Calculate the length and midpoint of the line segment joining the endpoints
2 3 4 3
C (- , - ) and D ( , )
3 4 5 4
Example 3.
If (5, - 1) is an endpoint of a line segment and (1, 2) is the midpoint of the line
segment, find the other endpoint.
St. Marcellinus/MPM 2D1 Date:________________
Example 4. The vertices of XYZ are X(−1,-1), Y(−2, 4), and Z(-6, 0).
a) Determine the exact length of each side of this triangle.
b) Classify the triangle (equilateral, isosceles, scalene).
c) Determine the perimeter to the nearest tenth.
St. Marcellinus/MPM 2D1 Date:________________
Example 5. An ocean freighter sends a distress signal from a location
given by (240, 160). A second freighter at (50, 420) and a
coastguard cruiser at (520, 100) hear the distress call.
Which ship is closer to the ship in distress? Draw a diagram.
Text Work: Pg. 66 1a, 2c, 3ac, 5 13a &
Pg. 77 #’s 1a, 2b, 3ac, 5, 6, 7a, 10, 13, 17a
St. Marcellinus/MPM 2D1 Date:________________
Unit 3: Analytic Geometry
Lesson 2 – Medians, Right Bisectors and Altitudes
Median of a Triangle:
A median of a triangle is the line segment
that joins a vertex to the midpoint of the
opposite side.
To find the equation of the median from a
vertex:
1) Find the midpoint of the opposite side
2) Find the slope of the line connecting the
vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side
3) Calculate the y-intercept of the line 4)
Write the equation of the line.
Right Bisector:
The line that passes through the midpoint of a line
segment and intersects it at a 90° angle.
To find the equation of the right bisector of line
BC:
1) Find the midpoint of BC
2) Find the slope of BC.
3) Find the slope of a line perpendicular to BC
4) Use the slope perpendicular to BC and the
midpoint of BC to calculate the y-intercept of the
right bisector
5) Write the equation of the right bisector
Altitude:
An altitude of a triangle is a line segment from a vertex of a triangle to the
opposite side, that is perpendicular to that side.
To find the equation of an altitude from a vertex:
1) Find the slope of the side opposite from
the vertex
2) Find the slope of the altitude which is
perpendicular to the slope of the side
opposite from the vertex
3) Use the altitude’s slope and the point
from the vertex to calculate the y-intercept
of the altitude
4) Write the equation of the altitude
St. Marcellinus/MPM 2D1 Date:________________
Example 1: ∆ABC has vertices a(3,4), B(−7,2), and C(1, −4). Determine an
equation for the median from vertex C.
St. Marcellinus/MPM 2D1 Date:________________
Example 2: ∆ABC has vertices a(3,4), B(−7,2), and C(1, −4). Determine an
equation for the right bisector of AB.
St. Marcellinus/MPM 2D1 Date:________________
Example 3: ∆ABC has vertices a(3,4), B(−7,2), and C(1, −4). Determine an
equation for the altitude from vertex C.
Text Work: Pg. 66 #8, 10, 16, 19abc & Pg. 77 #8 &
Pg. 90 #18, 27ab
St. Marcellinus/MPM 2D1 Date:________________
Unit 3: Analytic Geometry
Lesson 3 - The Equation of a Circle
A circle is a set of all points in a plane, equidistant from a fixed point called
the ________________.
The distance from the centre to any point on the circumference of a circle is
called the _____________. An equation that is satisfied by all the points on
the circle, and only those points, is called the equation of the circle.
Using the length of a line segment formula……
Therefore, the equation of a circle with centre (0, 0) and radius r is:
Example 1. What is the radius of the circle with the following equations:
a) x2 + y2 = 49 b) x2 + y2 = 36 c) x2 + y2 = 12
St. Marcellinus/MPM 2D1 Date:________________
Example 2. Determine the equation of the circle with centre (0, 0) and radius 4.
Example 3. Find the equation of the circle with centre (0, 0), which passes
through the point:
a) (6, 8) b) (-2, -8)
Example 4. Is the point (5,-11) inside, outside, or on the circle x2 + y2 = 169.
St. Marcellinus/MPM 2D1 Date:________________
Example 5: A rescue helicopter is on a mission to search for an injured hiker.
The pilot has received instructions to concentrate on a certain area. The pilot
directs the searchlight beam directly down so that an illuminated circular area has a
diameter of 20 m. The centre of the illuminated area is at (0, 0), and the injured
hiker is at the point with coordinates (-5, 9). The distance units are in meters.
a) Determine the equation of the circle that forms the edge of the illuminated
area.
b) Determine the equation of the circle with the centre at the origin, on which
point (-5, 9) lies.
c) Is the hiker inside or outside the illuminated area?
Text Work: Pg. 96 #’s 1ace, 2abc, 3ac, 4abc, 7a, 9abc, 17
St. Marcellinus/MPM 2D1 Date:________________
Unit 3: Analytic Geometry
Lesson 4 - Applications
Example 1:
Verify that the diagonals of the parallelogram with vertices P(−2,1),Q(3,3),
R(4,−1), and S(−1, −3) bisect each other.
Example 2. The vertices of a triangle are A(-3, 6), B(1, -6), and C(5, 2).
If M is the midpoint of AB and N is the midpoint of AC, verify that
a) MN is parallel to BC
b) MN is half the length of BC
St. Marcellinus/MPM 2D1 Date:________________
Example 3: The equation of a circle with centre O(0,0) is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 25. The points
A(−3,4) and B(5,0) are the endpoints of chord AB. Verify that the centre of the
circle lies on the right bisector of chord AB.
St. Marcellinus/MPM 2D1 Date:________________
Example 4. Find the shortest distance from point P(-1, 3) to the line
x + y – 5 = 0, to the nearest tenth.
To determine the shortest distance from a
given point to a line whose equation is given:
1) Find the equation for the perpendicular line
from the given point to the given line.
2) Determine the POI of the given line and
perpendicular line.
3) Use the length formula to find distance
from given point to the POI.
Text work: Pg. 89 #’s 2, 5, 9, 10, 12, 14, 23, 24
St. Marcellinus/MPM 2D1 Date:________________
Unit 3: Analytic Geometry
Review
Unit 3 Review:
Pg. 100 #1 – 18
Pg. 152 #1ab, 4a, 5, 9, 11
