David Gross

David Jonathan Gross (/ɡroʊs/; born February 19,

1941) is an American theoretical physicist and string David Gross
theorist. Along with Frank Wilczek and David Politzer,
he was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics[1] for
their discovery of asymptotic freedom. Gross is the
Chancellor's Chair Professor of Theoretical Physics at
the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP) of
the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB),[2]
and was formerly the KITP director and holder of their
Frederick W. Gluck Chair in Theoretical Physics.[3] He
is also a faculty member in the UCSB Physics
Department[4] and is affiliated with the Institute for
Quantum Studies[5] at Chapman University in
California. He is a foreign member of the Chinese
Academy of Sciences.[6]

Gross in 2007

Early life and education Born David Jonathan Gross

February 19, 1941
Gross was born to a Jewish family in Washington, Washington, D.C., U.S.
D.C., in February 1941. His parents were Nora (Faine) Education Hebrew University of Jerusalem
and Bertram Myron Gross (1912–1997). Gross (BSc, MSc)
received his bachelor's degree from the Hebrew University of California, Berkeley
University of Jerusalem, Israel, in 1962. He received (PhD)
his Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Known for Asymptotic freedom
Berkeley in 1966, under the supervision of Geoffrey Heterotic string
Chew. Gross–Neveu model
Spouse(s) Shulamith Toaff Gross (divorced)
Jacquelyn Savani
Research and career
Children 2
In 1973, Gross, working with his first graduate student, Awards Dirac Medal (1988)
Frank Wilczek, at Princeton University, discovered Harvey Prize (2000)
asymptotic freedom—the primary feature of non- Nobel Prize in Physics (2004)
Abelian gauge theories—which led Gross and Wilczek Scientific career
to the formulation of quantum chromodynamics
Fields Theoretical physics
(QCD), the theory of the strong nuclear force.
Institutions University of California, Santa
Asymptotic freedom is a phenomenon where the
Barbara
nuclear force weakens at short distances, which
explains why experiments at very high energy can be Harvard University
Princeton University
understood as if nuclear particles are made of non-
interacting quarks. Therefore, the closer quarks are to Thesis Investigation of the many-body,
each other, the less the strong interaction (or color multichannel partial-wave
charge) is between them; when quarks are in extreme scattering amplitude (https://ww
proximity, the nuclear force between them is so weak w.proquest.com/docview/302328
that they behave almost as free particles. The flip side 371/) (1966)
of asymptotic freedom is that the force between quarks Doctoral Geoffrey Chew
grows stronger as one tries to separate them. This is the advisor
reason why the nucleus of an atom can never be
Doctoral Natan Andrei
broken into its quark constituents.
students Frank Wilczek
Edward Witten
QCD completed the Standard Model, which details the
William E. Caswell
three basic forces of particle physics—the
Eric D'Hoker
electromagnetic force, the weak force, and the strong
Rajesh Gopakumar
force. Gross was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in
Nikita Nekrasov
Physics, with Politzer and Wilczek, for this
Stephen Bernard Libby
discovery.[1]
Website www.kitp.ucsb.edu/gross (http
Gross, with Jeffrey A. Harvey, Emil Martinec, and s://www.kitp.ucsb.edu/gross)
Ryan Rohm also formulated the theory of the heterotic Signature
string. The four were whimsically nicknamed the
"Princeton String Quartet."[7] He continues to do
research in this field at the KITP.[8]

He was a junior fellow at Harvard University (1966–

69)[9] and a Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics at
Princeton University until 1997, when he began
serving as Princeton's Thomas Jones Professor of Mathematical Physics Emeritus.[10] He has received
many honors, including a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship in 1987 and the Dirac Medal in 1988.

Activism
In 2003, Gross was one of 22 Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto.[11]

Gross is one of the 20 American recipients of the Nobel Prize in Physics to sign a letter addressed to
President George W. Bush in May 2008, urging him to "reverse the damage done to basic science
research in the Fiscal Year 2008 Omnibus Appropriations Bill" by requesting additional emergency
funding for the Department of Energy's Office of Science, the National Science Foundation, and the
National Institute of Standards and Technology.[12]

In 2015, Gross signed the Mainau Declaration 2015 on Climate Change on the final day of the 65th
Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting. The declaration was signed by a total of 76 Nobel Laureates and handed
to then-President of the French Republic, François Hollande, as part of the successful COP21 climate
summit in Paris.[13]

Family
Gross' first wife was Shulamith (Toaff), and they had two children. He also has a stepdaughter by his
second wife, Jacquelyn Savani.[14] He has three brothers, including Larry Gross, professor of
communication, Samuel R. Gross, professor of law, and Theodore (Teddy) Gross, a playwright.

Honors and awards

J. J. Sakurai Prize, American Physical Society (1986)[15]
Fellowship Prize, MacArthur Foundation (1987)[16]
Dirac Medal, International Center for Theoretical Physics (1988)[17]
Oscar Klein Medal, Royal Swedish Academy (2000)[18]
Harvey Prize, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (2000)[19]
High Energy and Particle Physics Prize, European Physical Society (2003)[20]
Grande Médaille d'Or, French Academy of Sciences (2004)[21]
Nobel Prize in Physics (2004)[1][22]
Golden Plate Award, Academy of Achievement (2005)[23]
San Carlos Borromeo Award, University of San Carlos, Philippines (2008)
Honorary Doctorate in Science, the University of Cambodia (2010)[24]
Richard E. Prange Prize, University of Maryland (2013)[25]
Medal of Honor, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia (2016)[26][27]

Memberships in academies and societies

NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program, National Science Foundation (1963–66)
Fellowship, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (1970–74)[28]
Fellow, American Physical Society (elected 1974)[29]
Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (elected 1985)[30]
Member, National Academy of Sciences (elected 1986)[31]
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (elected 1987)[32]
Honorary Fellow, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (2005)[33]
Member, American Philosophical Society (elected 2007)[34]
Honorary Fellow, Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore, India (elected 2007)[35]
Fellow, The World Academy of Sciences for the developing world (elected 2007)[36]
Member, International Academy of Philosophy of Science (elected 2009)[37]
Foreign Member, Chinese Academy of Sciences (elected 2011)[6]
Foreign Member, Russian Academy of Sciences (elected 2016)[38]
Elected to a four-year term in the presidential line, the American Physical Society (2016–
2020)[39]

Selected publications
Journal articles
 Gross, David; Wilczek, Frank (1973). "Ultraviolet Behavior of Non-Abelian Gauge Theories"
(https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.30.1343). Physical Review Letters. 30 (26): 1343–
1346. Bibcode:1973PhRvL..30.1343G (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973PhRvL..30.13
43G). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.30.1343 (https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.30.1343).
D. J. Gross and F. Wilczek, "Asymptotically Free Gauge Theories. I", Phys. Rev. D8 3633
(1973)
Technical reports

Wilczek, F. and D. J. Gross. "Asymptotically Free Gauge Theories. I (https://www.osti.gov/bi

blio/4312175-asymptotically-free-gauge-theories)," National Accelerator Laboratory,
Princeton University, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the
Atomic Energy Commission), (July 1973).
Gross, D. J. and S. B. Treiman. "Hadronic Form Factors in Asymptotically Free Field
Theories (https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4239303-hadronic-form-factors-asymptotically-free-field
-theories)," Princeton University, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor
agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (1974).
Callan, C. G. Jr., Dashen, R. and D. J. Gross. "Instantons and Massless Fermions in Two
Dimensions (https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7284867-instantons-massless-fermions-two-dimensi
ons)," Princeton University, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor
agency the Energy Research and Development Administration), (May 1977).
Gross, D. J. "Some New/Old Approaches to QCD (https://www.osti.gov/biblio/10149912-som
e-new-old-approaches-qcd)," Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, United States Department of
Energy, National Science Foundation, (November 1992).

See also
List of Jewish Nobel laureates

References
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2. "UC Santa Barbara, David Gross" (https://www.kitp.ucsb.edu/gross). Archived (https://web.a
rchive.org/web/20120910224617/http://www.kitp.ucsb.edu:80/gross) from the original on 10
September 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
3. "In Depth: David Gross | The Kavli Foundation" (https://web.archive.org/web/202101131613
31/https://www.kavlifoundation.org/theoretical-physics-david-gross).
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stri.html?_r=1&pagewanted=1&fta=y). NY Times (2004-12-07)
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16. "David Gross" (https://www.macfound.org/fellows/298/). www.macfound.org. Retrieved
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-laureates/). harveypz.net.technion.ac.il. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
20. "High Energy Particle Physics Board" (https://eps-hepp.web.cern.ch/eps-hepp/hepp-prize-a
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21. "La Grande Médaille 2004 de l'Académie des sciences attribuée au Prix Nobel de physique
David J. Gross" (https://www.academie-sciences.fr/archivage_site/presse/communique/nob
el_grandemedaille_2004.pdf) (PDF). cademie-sciences.fr. 5 October 2004. Archived (https://
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22. "Nobel honours sub-atomic world" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/3716460.stm). BBC
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g/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration). www.achievement.org. American
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35. David, Gross (2007). "New Fellows, Indian Science Academy" (https://www.ias.ac.in/public/
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External links
David Gross, on Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5
&q=david+gross+physics&btnG=)
David J. Gross, Nobel Prize in Physics 2004 (https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/200
4/gross/facts/) - includes Nobel Lecture, December 8, 2004, "The Discovery of Asymptotic
Freedom and the Emergence of QCD"
Nobel honours sub-atomic world (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3716460.stm),
BBC, October 5, 2004
ArXiv papers (https://arxiv.org/find/hep-th/1/au:+Gross_D/0/1/0/all/0/1)
David J. Gross bio, American Institute of Physics (https://history.aip.org/phn/11512017.html)
Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP), University of California, Santa Barbara (http://
www.kitp.ucsb.edu/)

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