Energy

Task 1: Energy in food and in fuels

Look at the table of information below and answer the questions.

Food or fuel Energy (J/kg)

coal 30 000 000

wood 15 000 000

petrol 46 000 000

cheese 16 000 000

bread 9 500 000

lettuce 550 000

1 A new power station is opening in your local area. State the fuel you would choose for
this power station using the table above. Explain your answer.

Leon and James students are in the same class. Leon is very sporty while James
likes to play on his games console in his spare time.
Their typical daily energy requirements are 8700 kJ and 12 400 kJ.
2 a Link the correct energy requirement for each student.

Leon:

James:
b Describe the types of food you would recommend to Leon and James as part of
their diet using the table above. Explain your answer.

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Task 2: Conservation of energy
1 State the law of conservation of energy.

2 A coal fire is burning in the fireplace. Describe the energy before and after this
change.

3 The diagram below shows a lever in action. Explain how this lever follows the law of
conservation of energy.
Fill in the gaps using the following words:
force multiplier force distance pivot
simple machine bigger smaller

A lever is a .

In this example, a screwdriver is used to open a paint tin.

The is where the end of the screwdriver

is resting on the edge of the paint tin. The

appied to the lid by the lever is than the

that you apply with just your hand. This

means that a lever is a .

Energy is conserved because the the lid moves up is

than the moved by your hand.

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Task 3: Energy transfers
1 Link each key word with the correct definition provided.

The energy in the store associated with the

energy
temperature of an object.

A measure associated with changes in

temperature
temperature or with work, measured in joules.

internal A measure of how hot or cold something is,

energy measured in degrees Celsius.

2 Complete the diagram to describe what happens during changes of state. Fill in the gaps
and label each arrow using the words and phrases below.
melting evaporation or boiling sublimation condensation
freezing to from water steam

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3 Two objects are in contact with each other. Explain what brings about the transfer of
energy between the two objects using the term equilibrium.

4 Use the image below to answer the following questions.

a Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of energy transfer.

b Describe how conduction occurs through the sides of the cup. You should include
the phrase vibration of particles in your answer.

c Suggest a suitable material for the manufacture of this cup. Explain your answer
in terms of conduction and insulation.

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5 a Choose from the following list sources of infrared radiation.
Circle the correct answers.

ice cube the Sun a metal saucer a lamp a fire

b Describe what all sources of infrared radiation have in common.

c Explain how energy is transferred by radiation. State whether particles are

required for this method of energy transfer.

Task 4: Energy resources

1 Wood and coal are two different types of energy resources. Describe the difference
between them in terms of renewable and non-renewable energy sources.

2 Describe how electricity is generated in a power station by completing the table below.
Use these phrases:
heats water to steam generates electricity
spins the generator burns the fuel

Part of the power station Function

furnace

boiler

turbine

generator

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Task 5: Energy, power, and work done
1 Explain the difference between energy and power by filling in the table below. Use the
following phrases to help you:
increases joule stays the same watt

Energy Power

Unit

How this quantity changes as the

circuit component is left running

2 An incandescent light bulb and an energy-saving light bulb have power ratings of
40 W and 12 W respectively.
a Calculate the energy transferred by both light bulbs over 10 hours in kWh. Show
your working.
Remember: 1000 W = 1 kW
energy (kWh) = power (kW) × time (h)

b Compare the costs of running these two light bulbs over a 10-hour period. You
should include the relative amounts of fuel used in each case.

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3 a Pete pulls a pulley and lifts a 20 N weight by 0.5 m. Calculate the work done.
Work done = force (N) × distance moved (m)

= ×

= J

b Pete uses the pulley again to lift another weight. Pete’s energy supplied 40 J to
lift the weight. The weight gains 30 J. Calculate the amount of energy dissipated
to the surroundings. Show your working.

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Motion and pressure
Task 1: Speed, distance, and time
1 Categorise the units below into units for speed, distance, or time.
s m m/s min h km cm km/h cm/min

Units

Speed Distance Time

2 Complete the following equation for speed using the appropriate units.

distance (_______)
speed (m/s) =
time (_______)
3 Calculate speed in the following scenarios using the speed equation. Show your working
and include units.

a A dog that runs 100 m in 10 s. Give your answer in m/s.

b Sound travelling 1 km in 2.94 s. Give your answer in m/s.

Remember: 1 km = 1000 m

c A train that travels 600 km in 5 h. Give your answer in km/h.

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4 Aisha and Emma both leave for school from their house. Aisha walks at 2.0 m/s in one
direction and Emma walks at 1.5 m/s in the opposite direction. Describe their relative
motion.

Task 2: Distance–time graphs

Look at the distance–time graph below for George’s car journey and answer the
questions that follow.

1 State the distance travelled between A and B. Give the units.

2 State the time taken to travel between A and B. Give the units.

3 Calculate the George’s speed between A and B in km/h.

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4 Describe George’s journey from A–D. Use numerical values from the graph in your
description where possible.

Task 3: Pressure in liquids

1 David studies the movement of some pollen grains under a microscope. He introduces
the pollen grains in the top-left corner of the chamber.

a Draw arrows on the diagram on the left to show the direction of movement for
each pollen grain. Complete the diagram on the right to show their possible
positions after one minute.
b State the name for this type of movement in particles.

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2 The image below shows a mountain and an ocean.

a Add labels to the diagram to show where atmosphere pressure is highest and
lowest.
b Add labels to the diagram to show where water pressure is highest and lowest.
c Explain why you have labelled the image this way.

3 a Complete the force diagram for this floating rubber duck and use it to explain why
the rubber duck floats.

b Explain how your answer in a would differ for an object that sinks.

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Task 4: Pressure on solids
1 A dancer weighs 500 N. The area of her food is 20 cm2.
a Calculate the pressure exerted by the dancer on the floor when he is standing
on one foot.

1 m2 = 10 000 cm2

20 cm2 = 20 ÷ 10 000 = 0.002 m2

pressure (N/m2) = force (N) ÷ area (m2)

= N÷ m2

= N/m2
b Calculate the pressure exerted by the dancer on the floor when he is standing
on both feet. Show your working.

2 Explain using the idea of pressure whether women prefer to wear stiletto heels or
boots in the snow.

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Task 5: Moments
1 Describe what is meant by a moment.

2 The moment of a force can be calculated using the following equation:

moment (Nm) = force (N) × distance (m)
Calculate the moment of a person (weight = 600 N) who is sitting 1.5 m from the
pivot of a seesaw. Show your working.

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