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Lecture 03

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Lecture 03

Uploaded by

kibretkaka1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Process in Conducting

Research

1
Process

Begin your research study


planning, followed by data
then analysis and reporting
Planning

Identify the problem or topic

Review prior research

Determine the Research Purpose,


Research
• Questions, or Hypotheses

Consider research implications

Construct a research proposal

2
Gathering Data

After planning your research study, the next


phase is systematically gathering your data
(information in an ethical Manner

Primary Data - collected by yourself


Secondary Data – collected from other
sources
Reporting results
Analyze the data
Determine findings: summarize the findings in
relation to your research question(s) or hypotheses
and to previous research findings

Report results: make sure to discuss what practical


or theoretical implications can be drawn from the
findings

3
Ethics
• Ethics are norms of conduct that distinguish between
acceptable and unacceptable behavior, misconduct and
abuses in research increasingly becoming crucial area of
discussion
• It is one of the most crucial areas of research, with
deception
• Research ethics primarily deals with:
• Interaction between researchers and the people/animals
they study
• Mentoring relationships
• Collaborative relationships among researchers
• Intellectual property
• Fabrication of data and plagiarism
Ethics
Why is Research Ethics Important?
These norms promote the claim of research, such as
knowledge, truth, and avoidance of error
Ethical standards promote the values that are essential to
collaborative work such as trust, accountability, mutual
respect, and fairness
Ethical norms help to ensure that researchers can be held
accountable to the public
Ethical norms in research help to build public support for
research (the quality and integrity of research attracts more
funding)
It also promotes other moral and social values (human rights,
animal welfare, compliance with the law, health & safety)
Underlying Principles of Ethics Codes:
Honesty: in reporting data, results, methods and
procedures, and publication status. Do not fabricate, falsify
data. Do not deceive!/cheat
Objectivity: Avoid bias in experimental design, data
analysis & interpretation, etc. Disclose personal/financial
interests affecting research
Integrity: keep promises and agreements, strive for
consistency
Carefulness: avoid careless errors and negligence
Openness: share data, results, ideas, tools, resources
Get permission for unpublished data/ methods; Give credits
and Respect for intellectual property: Honor patents and
copyrights; acknowledgements; Do not plagiarize
What is Plagiarism?
• Plagiarism is intellectual theft. It means use of the
intellectual creations of another without proper
attribution.
Plagiarism may take two main forms, which are clearly
related:
1. To steal pass off some one’s ideas or images or other
creative works of another
2. To use a creative production without crediting the
source,
• Credit must be given for every direct quotation,
paraphrasing or summarizing a work (in whole, or in
part, in one’s own words), and for information which
Reporting Research Findings

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