3.
3. NEW
NEW INDUSTRIAL
INDUSTRIAL
SPACES
SPACES
A NUMBER OF
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
ARE BEGINNING TO
EMERGE THAT ARE
MEDIATED THROUGH
AND BASED UPON NEW
TECHNOLOGIES
LOCATIONAL
REQUIREMENTS
A. THE NEED FOR ACCESS TO A HIGHLY QUALIFIED
AND FUNCTIONALLY FLEXIBLE LABOR FORCE
B. AN ENVIRONMENT THAT FACILITATES CONSTANT
INNOVATION
C. CROSS COMPANY AND INDUSTRY CO-OPERATION
D. GOOD INFRASTRUCTURE AND TELECOMMUNICATION
LINKAGES TO CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS,
UNIVERSITIES AND OTHER RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS
E. LINKED COMPANIES AND NATIONAL AND
INTERNATIONAL MARKETS
4.THE CULTURAL
4.THE CULTURAL
INDUSTRIES
INDUSTRIES
One of the key responses of cities
and central governments has been
to try and attract new industries
into declining inner city areas such
areas has been cultural or
creative industries.
This are industries such as fashion, media,
film, and video production, design,
creative technology-based activities, and
music.
5. Cities, Telecommunications
and the World Economy
THE WORLD ECONOMY APPEARS TO BE
BECOMING INCREASINGLY INTERDEPENDENT.
THE FORTUNES OF INDIVIDUAL PLACES ARE
NOT AUTONOMOUS, THEY ARE
INCREASINGLY BOND UP WITH THE
FORTUNES OF OTHER PLACES AND WITH
PROCESSES OPERATING AT WIDER
GEOGRAPHICAL SCALES.
THESE INCREASING INTERDEPENDENCE
WITHIN THE WORLD ECONOMY IS THE
RESULT OF A NUMBER OF RELATED
PROCESS:
a) The emergence of multinational corporations as major
shapers of international economic flows;
b) The concentration of international command centers in
global cities; and
c) The deregulation of national financial markets and
telecommunications advances ‘gluing’ together spaces and
creating the ‘space of flows’ between cities in the world
economy.
Advances in
telecommunications
– telephone, fax, e-mail, computer networks, the internet and
virtual reality – have reduced or eliminated the time delay in
communication between distant spaces and increased the
sophistication of exchange available.
Global cities such as London,
New York, Tokyo, and Paris
dominate this advancement.
6. THE ‘URBAN DOUGHNUT’:
THE NEW ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY
OF THE CITY
4
URBAN DOUGHNUT/ DOUGHNUT CITY
is used to describe a phenomenon that affects the physical shape
of some cities of the north American sun-belt.
It consists of the concentration of urban activity on the ring
road (where the newest and most advanced generation of housing
estates and office parks are located).
the parallel physical disappearance of all that remains inside
(the interior is affected by an accelerated process of
obsolescence that leads to the demolition of a multitude 6
buildings).
THE DOUGHNUT CITY
The doughnut city is a phenomenon that goes against nature. If
in the cities of the Old continent proximity to the center
means an added value, in the Doughnut City quite the reverse is
true: the most eligible urban areas are on the final periphery
URBAN DOUGHNUT
an economic geography of the city appears to be one of
increasing decentralization mediated through transport and
telecommunication and advance and change surrounding an
inner-city becoming progressively disengaged from the formal
5
economy
