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수프림유형독해(2019)-PartⅠ-01목적외4개레슨_해석하기_문제지················································································ 1
수프림유형독해(2019)-PartⅠ-06심경분위기추론외4개레슨_해석하기_문제지·····························································36
수프림유형독해(2019) - Part Ⅰ - 01 목적 외 4개 레슨

Q. 영어 문장을 읽고 한글 해석을 쓰시오. 해석하기(문제지)

기출풀기
1. p8-no.1

Dear Ms. Blake,

(1)

I understand that on May 3, 2018 when you were a guest at our restaurant in the Four Hills Plaza, you
experienced an unfortunate incident that resulted in a beverage being spilled on your coat.

(2)

Please accept my sincere apology.

(3)

Unfortunately the staff on duty at the time did not reflect our customer service policy.

(4)

I have investigated the situation and scheduled additional customer service training for them.

(5)

We'd like to have you back as a customer so I'm sending you a coupon for two free entrees that can
be used at any of our five locations in New Parkland.

(6)

Again, my apologies for the incident.

(7)

I hope you give us the opportunity to make this right.

(8)

Sincerely, Barbara Smith

(9)

유형연습
2. p10-no.1

To Whom It May Concern,

(10)

I'm writing in regard to one of your company's products.

(11)

My family has been enjoying your ice cream for years.

(12)

Yesterday, however, as I scooped the ice cream into the bowl, something unusual caught my eye.

(13)

Upon closer inspection, I found it to be a five-centimeter-long piece of transparent plastic.

(14)

I'm sure you understand how tragic this incident could have been had I not noticed it.

(15)

No one was injured, but my confidence in the safety of your products has been badly shaken.

(16)

I would appreciate receiving an explanation as to how something like this happened and what you
will be doing to ensure it doesn't occur again.

(17)

Sincerely, Patricia Reddington

(18)

3. p11-no.2

Dear Professor Youngs,

(19)

It has been more than a year since I graduated from State University, but I still remember your
journalism class like it was yesterday.

(20)

I learned a lot about writing in your class, as well as what it takes to be a good reporter.
(21)

Now I have a chance to put everything you taught me into practice.

(22)

A local paper has an opening for a writer in their business news department.

(23)

They like my resume but have asked for references who can provide more information about my skills
and academic experience.

(24)

With your permission, I'd like to include you on that list.

(25)

I know you are busy with your courses, but I would be extremely grateful if you could do this for me.

(26)

Thanks for your consideration!

(27)

Sincerely, Jonathan Hawes

(28)
4. p12-no.3

The Greenville Public Library has always offered the residents of Greenville a cozy place to study and
read.

(29)

Now, students can get help with their homework as well.

(30)

Starting in February, the Homework Helpers program will be available every weeknight from 5 p.m to
8 p.m.

(31)

The program will be held in our new study center on the third floor and will be staffed by qualified
tutors.

(32)

The study center, which opened last fall, also has several computers and free Wi-Fi for all, making it a
great place to do your online research.

(33)

The Homework Helpers program is available to students in grades one to twelve and covers all school
subjects.

(34)

There is no fee for this service, but you must sign up at least 24 hours in advance to reserve a tutor.

(35)
For more information, email the program's director at [email protected].

(36)

5. p13-no.4

Dear Mr. Harry Sutherland,

(37)

Thank you for continuing to be a loyal Bank of Florida customer.

(38)

As a user of our popular mobile app, you have the ability to manage and protect all of your accounts
quickly and easily.

(39)

Starting April 1, however, we will no longer be supporting older versions of this app.

(40)

Therefore, please make sure you have downloaded and installed the most recent version, which is
available at no charge on our website.

(41)

It can also be found on all major app stores simply by searching for "Bank of Florida mobile
manager."
(42)

If you haven't been using the latest version of our app, you will be pleasantly surprised at how much
faster and more convenient it is than the older versions.

(43)

Should you have any problems installing the app, or if you simply have a question, feel free to call
our customer service center at 800-988-9989.

(44)

Thank you once again for your understanding and patience.

(45)

Sincerely, Bank of Florida Customer Service

(46)

기출 풀기
6. p14-no.1

The development of writing was pioneered not by gossips, storytellers, or poets, but by accountants.

(47)

The earliest writing system has its roots in the Neolithic period, when humans first began to switch
from hunting and gathering to a settled lifestyle based on agriculture.

(48)
This shift began around 9500 B.C. in a region known as the Fertile Crescent, which stretches from
modern day Egypt, up to southeastern Turkey, and down again to the border between Iraq and Iran.

(49)

Writing seems to have evolved in this region from the custom of using small clay pieces to account
for transactions involving agricultural goods such as grain, sheep, and cattle.

(50)

The first written documents, which come from the Mesopotamian city of Uruk and date back to
around 3400 B.C., record amounts of bread, payment of taxes, and other transactions using simple
symbols and marks on clay tablets.

(51)

유형 연습
7. p16-no.1

Under normal conditions, most elephants are born with tusks, with the exception of 2 to 6 percent.

(52)

However, this statistic is no longer applicable to elephants at Gorongosa National Park in

Mozambique, where 90 percent of the park's population was slaughtered during the nation's 16-year
civil war.

(53)

They were killed so their tusks could be sold to raise money for weapons.

(54)

A small number of elephants survived, and their population has been growing since the war ended in
1992.

(55)

But scientists have noticed that 33 percent of the female elephants born in the park have no tusks.

(56)

They explained that tuskless elephants could avoid poaching during the civil war because they weren't
targets and that they passed this trait on to many of their young.

(57)

This means that a larger percentage of tuskless elephants will continue to be born.

(58)

We may be witnessing the unnatural evolution of a species, caused by humans.

(59)

8. p17-no.2

These days, everyone is aware that there is lots of fake news on the Internet.

(60)

So why does it still fool so many people?

(61)

In terms of neuroscience, the answer is related to the way we process information in the brain.
(62)

The brain is continually creating nerve networks in order to store new information in either its long-
term or short-term memory.

(63)

To make room for all this incoming information, the brain also needs to do some housekeeping.

(64)

It identifies old information that it deems to be outdated or useless, and then it deletes it.

(65)

However, some people's brains are not as good at clearing away the clutter as those of others.

(66)

As a result, those with more mental clutter may be more likely to hold on to false beliefs - and fake
news - even after they have been proven false.

(67)

9. p18-no.3

Do you behave in the same way when you are with your parents as you do when you are with your
friends?

(68)

How about when you are all alone?

(69)

All of us must take on a variety of different social roles over the course of our daily lives.

(70)

It may sometimes seem as though we are constantly putting on masks and becoming a different
person.

(71)

In fact, the word "person" is derived from the Latin word persona, which referred to the masks that
were worn by stage actors in ancient Greece.

(72)

Today, a "persona" is defined as the face that people show to the world in social situations in order to
make a socially desirable impression while hiding their true nature.

(73)

The wearing of different masks is unavoidable if we are to function socially at all, and it is not unusual
for people to find themselves switching between dozens of different personas in a single day.

(74)

10. p19-no.4

The ancient Greeks used the term "philosophy" to refer to the act of seeking knowledge for its own
sake.

(75)
This covered all fields of knowledge, including art, science and religion.

(76)

This usage explains how philosophical questions differ from scientific ones - they are usually
foundational and abstract in nature.

(77)

Philosophy, therefore, is accomplished through reflection rather than experimentation.

(78)

This often leads to the misunderstanding that philosophy is impractical, inconclusive, and
unproductive.

(79)

However, philosophy has generated some of the most important ideas in history and has contributed
to politics, sociology, mathematics, science, literature, and nearly every other field.

(80)

It may not directly answer our questions about the origins of the universe or the meaning of life, but
it is essential that we continue to ask such philosophical questions and seek their answers.

(81)

Doing so can teach us to become better thinkers and make it easier for us to understand a variety of
situations in other areas of life.

(82)
기출 풀기
11. p20-no.1

Many parents do not understand why their teenagers occasionally behave in an irrational or
dangerous way.

(83)

At times, it seems like teens don't think things through or fully consider the consequences of their
actions.

(84)

Adolescents differ from adults in the way they behave, solve problems, and make decisions.

(85)

There is a biological explanation for this difference.

(86)

Studies have shown that brains continue to mature and develop throughout adolescence and well
into early adulthood.

(87)

Scientists have identified a specific region of the brain that is responsible for immediate reactions
including fear and aggressive behavior.

(88)

This region develops early.

(89)

However, the frontal cortex, the area of the brain that controls reasoning and helps us think before
we act, develops later.

(90)

This part of the brain is still changing and maturing well into adulthood.

(91)

유형 연습
12. p22-no.1

Fast fashion refers to stylish clothes that can be manufactured quickly and cheaply.

(92)

It allows anyone to adopt the latest fashion trends instantly.

(93)

However, the rapid changes in style and the reasonable prices can lead to impulse purchases, many of
which are likely to be worn once or twice and then thrown away.

(94)

As a result, 21 billion pounds of textiles end up in US landfills each year.

(95)

Meanwhile, manufacturers keep prices low by choosing cheap fabrics like polyester.
(96)

Polyester is made using fossil fuels, which contributes to the serious problem of climate change.

(97)

Additionally, to keep prices low, fast-fashion businesses build factories in developing countries, most
of which have weak labor laws or no labor laws at all.

(98)

Local people, including children, are forced to work long hours in poor conditions for little pay.

(99)

It's time to think about the damaging effects of the fast-fashion craze.

(100)

13. p23-no.2

You see a mouthwatering fast-food advertisement and crave a juicy burger and crispy fries.

(101)

The hamburger in the commercial looks so juicy and delicious.

(102)

But when you go to the restaurant and unwrap one, you're extremely disappointed.

(103)
The burger is unpleasantly wet, the tomatoes aren't as red, and the cheese isn't perfectly melted.

(104)

This is because the food you see in ads isn't really edible.

(105)

It actually takes a lot of work to make that food look the way it does on screen.

(106)

For example, the food stylists undercook the burgers so that they look thicker and juicier than ones
that have been properly cooked.

(107)

And pins are often used to keep the lettuce and tomatoes in place and make the burger look much
taller than it actually is.

(108)

If you see ice cream in a food advertisement, it may actually be mashed potatoes!

(109)

14. p24-no.3

A museum in Paris exhibited the paintings of Gustav Klimt in a whole new way by using digital
technology.
(110)

3D versions of paintings were enlarged and projected onto the surfaces of the building while music
was played on dozens of speakers.

(111)

According to the museum's director, this kind of exhibition could be "the future of art."

(112)

Museums around the world are now taking different approaches to art by incorporating new
technologies and trying to extend the notion of what art is.

(113)

Along with presenting art in a more immersive or interactive way, they are also launching their own
apps that allow people to learn about art with guided virtual tours and "explore museum" features.

(114)

This is in recognition of the fact that more and more content is mediated through mobile devices,
leading to greater dynamism and interactivity.

(115)

As the world continues to adapt to our fast-moving, ever-changing information society, museums
continue to evolve as well.

(116)

15. p25-no.4
How a civilization develops is closely related to the natural setting in which it is located.

(117)

The achievements of the ancient Egyptian civilization, for example, cannot be fully understood without
first considering its geographic surroundings, including the Nile River and the Sahara desert.

(118)

The Sahara gave the ancient Egyptians a huge defensive advantage - no army at that time had the
ability to cross such a vast desert to attack Egypt.

(119)

Free from the worry of foreign invaders, the ancient Egyptians were able to focus on improving their
farming techniques.

(120)

This is where the Nile provided assistance.

(121)

The land along its banks was unusually fertile, and its seasonal flooding helped irrigate the Egyptian's
crops.

(122)

With a steady source of food guaranteed, the Egyptians began to rapidly develop in other fields,
including art, architecture, philosophy and government - some of the basics needed to create a
civilization.

(123)
Eventually, pyramids, mummies, Cleopatra, and the Sphinx of Giza became touchstones of this
flourishing culture.

(124)

기출 풀기
16. p26-no.1

I am sure you have heard something like, "You can do anything you want, if you just persist long and
hard enough."

(125)

Perhaps you have even made a similar assertion to motivate someone to try harder.

(126)

Of course, words like these sound good, but surely they cannot be true.

(127)

Few of us can become the professional athlete, entertainer, or movie star we would like to be.

(128)

Environmental, physical, and psychological factors limit our potential and narrow the range of things
we can do with our lives.

(129)

"Trying harder" cannot substitute for talent, equipment, and method, but this should not lead to
despair.

(130)

Rather, we should attempt to become the best we can be within our limitations.

(131)

We try to find our niche.

(132)

By the time we reach employment age, there is a finite range of jobs we can perform effectively.

(133)

유형 연습
17. p28-no.1

When problems arise, people tend to point a finger at others, especially when it is clear that the
problem is their fault.

(134)

However, even if your blaming is justified, it will likely cause the person to become defensive and
uncooperative.

(135)

This is because you are linking the person to the problem.

(136)
To avoid this mistake, it is recommended you separate the problem from the person involved with it.

(137)

Suppose you're a project leader, and your team is behind schedule.

(138)

The deadline is just around the corner, and no one is working fast enough.

(139)

In this situation, you might be tempted to say, "We might not finish on time. It's because you work
too slowly."

(140)

However, it would be wiser to say, "We might not finish on time. Let's try to find some ways to work
more efficiently,"

(141)

Talking in this way brings a better outcome creating a positive atmosphere and a collaborative
attitude.

(142)

18. p29-no.2

In many countries, individuals can choose whether they want to vote or not.

(143)
However, in some other places, including Australia, Belgium and Singapore, people are legally
required to vote.

(144)

The problem is that this mandatory voting does not necessarily increase people's interest in politics; in
fact, it could even foster negative feelings toward the government.

(145)

Moreover, the outcome of an election with forced participation may not offer a representative view of
the country's society.

(146)

Therefore, governments need to find other ways to engage people and persuade them to vote.

(147)

For example, teaching the history of democracy and encouraging political discussion in schools can
lead to political participation.

(148)

Also, educating citizens about the importance of the electoral process and how elections can affect
their daily lives - such as by deciding how much money is budgeted for education and housing
problems - can motivate them to become voluntary voters.

(149)

19. p30-no.3

When we think about stereotypes, we tend to focus on the negative.

(150)

However, there are also positive stereotypes about certain groups.

(151)

If negative stereotypes upset people, what about positive ones?

(152)

In a study, Asian-American participants were asked to work with a white participant, who actually was
one of the researchers.

(153)

It was then announced that one participant would work on math problems and the other would work
on verbal problems.

(154)

After a manipulated coin flip, the white participant was chosen to select who did what.

(155)

In one case, the white participant handed the Asian-American participant the math problems and said,
"You can work on these, and I'll take these!"

(156)

In the other case, the white participant said, "Asians are good at math, so you can work on these. I'll
take the other ones."
(157)

Later, the Asian-American participants were asked their opinion of their partner.

(158)

The results showed that the use of a stereotype, even though it was positive, made participants feel
angry and depersonalized.

(159)

20. p31-no.4

October is a good month for pumpkin farmers.

(160)

As Halloween approaches, thousands of families head to farms to pick out the perfect pumpkin.

(161)

Unfortunately, most of these pumpkins are used only as decorations and then thrown away.

(162)

Each year about 8 million pumpkins end up in landfills in the UK alone.

(163)

That adds up to 18,000 tons of edible pumpkin, enough to make pumpkin pies for everyone in the
country.
(164)

Not only is this a waste of food, it is also bad for the environment.

(165)

As these discarded pumpkins rot, they release vast amounts of greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere.

(166)

Many efforts have been made to develop facilities that can convert plant and waste material to
biofuels, but they are not yet in a practical stage.

(167)

Until then, we should all make an effort to eat the insides of our jack-o-lanterns rather than throwing
them away.

(168)

21. p32-no.5

If you're worried that your kids love dinosaurs "too much," you shouldn't be.

(169)

Research shows that about one in three young children will develop an intense interest in one topic
or another at some point.

(170)

When this fascination involves a "conceptual" topic like dinosaurs, it can improve information-
processing skills, lead to a longer attention span, and teach kids to be more persistent.

(171)

This is because their desire for information on the topic can't be satisfied if they remain passive.

(172)

Therefore, they are driven to ask questions, read books, and actively find ways to learn more.

(173)

The ability to pursue and master a topic is an important one, as it can be used to form a career as an
adult.

(174)

So instead of feeling anxious about your kids' intense interest in something, get involved and
encourage them to explore.

(175)

22. p33-no.6

Body cameras are tiny electronic devices worn by police officers in some countries.

(176)

They can be attached to sunglasses, hats or collars.

(177)

By recording their interactions with people, the police can reduce the number of complaints about
their behavior.

(178)

When complaints are made, these body cameras provide a clear record of what really happened.

(179)

As a result, both police officers and citizens are protected from abuse and false accusations.

(180)

In the case of serious incidents involving the police, body-camera footage can be used as evidence in
court.

(181)

This has the potential to speed up court cases by providing indisputable proof of situations and to
reduce court expenses.

(182)

Though there are also concerns associated with privacy loss, they can be solved through clear law
enforcement policies regarding issues such as where and when these cameras can be used and under
what circumstances they must be turned off.

(183)

It is clear that the benefits of the continued use of body cameras outweigh the negatives.

(184)
기출 풀기
23. p34-no.1

There was an experiment conducted in 1995 by Sheena Iyengar, a professor of business at Columbia
University.

(185)

In a California gourmet market, Professor Iyengar and her research assistants set up a booth of
samples of jams.

(186)

Every few hours, they switched from offering an assortment of 24 bottles of jam to an assortment of
just six bottles of jam.

(187)

On average, customers tasted two jams, regardless of the size of the assortment, and each one
received a coupon good for $1 off one jar of jam.

(188)

Here's the interesting part.

(189)

Sixty percent of customers were drawn to the large assortment, while only 40 percent stopped by the
small one.

(190)

But 30 percent of the people who had sampled from the small assortment decided to buy jam, while
only three percent of those confronted with the two dozen jams purchased a jar.
(191)

Effectively, a greater number of people bought jam when the assortment size was 6 than when it was
24.

(192)

Even though customers who participated in the experiment found more choices of jam appealing,
giving them more choices lowered the likelihood of their purchasing jam.

(193)

유형 연습
24. p36-no.1

Silver has been used as a form of currency for centuries.

(194)

It actually helped connect Eastern and Western civilizations during the Middle Ages.

(195)

At that time silver was not common in China, so it was considered a valuable form of currency.

(196)

Europeans used silver to buy Chinese goods that were transported along the Silk Road, a 4,000-mile
trading route that connected China to Europe.

(197)
Silver also played a role in helping people stay healthy in the 18th century.

(198)

The phrase "born with a silver spoon in your mouth" is often used to mean someone was born into a
wealthy family.

(199)

But there is more to it than that.

(200)

Babies who were fed with silver spoons were thought to be healthier than those who were fed with
wooden spoons.

(201)

Before modern medicine developed, people knew that silver had an antibacterial function against
bacteria and germs that contributed to disease.

(202)

In the past, silver was used not only to facilitate transactions but also for medical purposes to help
protect babies from bacteria.

(203)

25. p37-no.2

The most common question people ask when they set goals is "What do I want to achieve?"

(204)
However, if you're serious about setting goals and then reaching them, you should ask yourself a
different question:

(205)

"What kind of pain am I willing to endure to achieve my goal?"

(206)

Simply having a goal is easy.

(207)

Who wouldn't want to enter the best university, lose weight, or be a millionaire?

(208)

Everybody wants to achieve these goals.

(209)

The real challenge is not choosing what you want; it is deciding if you are ready to make the
necessary sacrifices to get it.

(210)

Don't think about the rewards you will receive for reaching your goal.

(211)
Think about the process of getting there - the hard work, the unwanted changes to your lifestyle, and
the endless hours of boring practice.

(212)

Every athlete wants to be a champion.

(213)

Few, however, are willing to work hard enough to become one.

(214)

When setting a goal, you should consider the hardships you will face along the way rather than
focusing on a successful outcome.

(215)

26. p38-no.3

Majority influence pressures members of a group to comply to its norms, although a few individuals
in the group may retain a different view.

(216)

Although most group members are unlikely to accept a minority's point of view, if the view is unusual
or novel, some members may choose to consider it.

(217)

They do this based on its merits, rather than whether or not it complies with the group's norms,
which may cause them to question their existing views.

(218)
As a result, a minority view can become internalized by these members of a group.

(219)

A good example of this took place in the UK during the 1910s, when the suffragette movement
challenged the status quo, which restricted the right to vote to male citizens.

(220)

The minority group insisted that this was unfair and tried to persuade the majority to accept its views
regarding women's rights.

(221)

Eventually, women were given the right to vote in 1918.

(222)

While minority influence involves challenging popular opinion and group norms, sometimes their
point of view is accepted by the majority in the long term.

(223)

27. p39-no.4

Intuition is an inexplicable feeling that something is true even though we have no proof or evidence
that it really is.

(224)

When it comes to philosophy and science, intuition plays a complicated role.

(225)

Intuition alone can't be a dependable source of information.

(226)

Just because we feel something is true doesn't mean it is.

(227)

That is why intuition is often questioned by philosophers, especially scientists.

(228)

Nevertheless, intuition can be a vital source of inspiration for both scientists and philosophers.

(229)

It can inspire scientists to come up with fresh ideas and design new experiments that will lead to the
discovery of truth.

(230)

Similarly, intuition plays an important role in philosophy as well, for most good philosophical
arguments contain a mixture of intuition and logic.

(231)

Logic is like a powerful machine for analyzing and evaluating ideas.

(232)
Before using the machine, however, you should have some "raw material" to feed it, and often, that's
where intuition fits in.

(233)

Intuition is too unreliable to be trusted without first being tested, but it is essential in developing new
insights and knowledge.

(234)
수프림유형독해(2019) - Part Ⅰ - 06 심경.분위기 추론 외 4개 레슨

Q. 영어 문장을 읽고 한글 해석을 쓰시오. 해석하기(문제지)

기출 풀기
1. p40-no.1

While backpacking through Costa Rica, Masami found herself in a bad situation.

(1)

She had lost all of her belongings, and had only $5 in cash.

(2)

To make matters worse, because of a recent tropical storm, all telephone and Internet services were
down.

(3)

She had no way to get money, so decided to go knocking door to door, explaining that she needed a
place to stay until she could contact her family back in Japan to send her some money.

(4)

Everybody told her they had no space or extra food and pointed her in the direction of the next
house.

(5)

It was already dark when she arrived at a small roadside restaurant.

(6)

The owner of the restaurant heard her story and really empathized.
(7)

Much to her delight, Masami was invited in.

(8)

The owner gave her some food, and allowed her to stay there until she could contact her parents.

(9)

유형 연습
2. p42-no.1

Ryan awoke suddenly, unsure of what had awakened him.

(10)

He lay on his back, and it took him a few minutes to realize where he was.

(11)

Sensing movement to his left, he slowly turned his head and saw that someone was looking through
his bedroom window.

(12)

The face on the other side of the glass was so ugly that Ryan rolled out of bed and jumped to his
feet.

(13)

At first he wondered why someone would be wearing a Halloween mask in March, but then he
realized it wasn't a mask.

(14)

It was a hairless old man with large ears and a mouth full of yellow teeth.

(15)

Ryan wasn't sure, but the teeth seemed to be as sharp as an animal's.

(16)

He tried to look away but couldn't.

(17)

And when he opened his mouth to call for his parents, no sounds came out.

(18)

3. p43-no.2

Today is the final day of my summer exchange program.

(19)

I remember packing for this trip four weeks ago like it was yesterday.

(20)

At that time, I was sure that I was about to experience the hardest month of my entire life.
(21)

Of course, I was completely wrong.

(22)

At the start of the program, I barely knew the other students from my school who were traveling with
me.

(23)

Now they all feel like brothers and sisters.

(24)

And the town we're staying in is much better than I expected.

(25)

The air is clean, and the local people are friendly.

(26)

I also made lots of new friends at the school I've been studying at.

(27)

I've had more great experiences in the past four weeks than I can even mention.

(28)
Time flew by too fast, but I will always remember my time here and the people that I met.

(29)

4. p44-no.3

Signing up for clubs at my school is like a fight for survival.

(30)

When I arrived at the gym, half the school had gotten there before me.

(31)

Each club had a table, and many of them had already put up "FILLED" signs.

(32)

I headed straight for the art club's table, but I was too late.

(33)

I just stood there, stunned.

(34)

Painting was the only thing I really enjoyed.

(35)

Suddenly, someone grabbed my arm.

(36)

It was my friend Liz.

(37)

"Come on," she shouted.

(38)

"The theater club isn't full yet."

(39)

I pulled my arm back and told Liz I wasn't interested in acting.

(40)

"I know," she replied, "but they need someone to paint the sets."

(41)

My mouth dropped open.

(42)

It would be just as good as the art club!

(43)

Hand in hand, Liz and I ran to the theater club's table to sign up together.
(44)

5. p45-no.4

All the lights had gone out, and there were no windows.

(45)

Unable to see a thing, I ran down the stairs as quickly as I could, holding onto the rail.

(46)

My legs felt weak and I couldn't breathe well, but I needed to get out of the building.

(47)

When I finally reached the bottom floor, I collapsed.

(48)

Lying on the floor in the darkness, I couldn't hear anything but the pounding of my heart.

(49)

But then I heard a familiar voice calling my name.

(50)

It was my mother!

(51)
I tried to call back, but I couldn't catch my breath or move a muscle.

(52)

Just then the door to the lobby opened and daylight flooded the stairs.

(53)

All I could see was my mother's face as she reached down and helped me to my feet.

(54)

6. p46-no.5

An old man was sitting on a bench near the beach.

(55)

He had been there for a long time, barely moving.

(56)

Perhaps he had been there all day.

(57)

It was getting dark, and the warm day had turned cold.

(58)

The man didn't seem to notice.

(59)

The only thing he seemed to care about was the seagulls.

(60)

He slowly turned his head to watch them as they flew back and forth.

(61)

In the distance, there was the faint sound of music from the amusement park on the other end of the
beach.

(62)

Occasionally, a car drove past.

(63)

But the man just kept watching the birds, his eyes red and his hands shaking, until the sun went
down.

(64)

When the street lights came on, he got up and slowly walked back home.

(65)

7. p47-no.6

I stood on my grandmother's front porch, looking at the potted plants and the old rocking chair
where I used to spend summer afternoons sipping sweet iced tea.
(66)

My grandmother made the best iced tea, better than any I've had since.

(67)

Sometimes I would read novels or just sit there listening to the sounds of the birds in the trees and
my grandmother in the kitchen, humming an old song as she cooked.

(68)

I hadn't been back in years, but just standing there made all the memories come rushing back as if
they had happened yesterday.

(69)

I couldn't help but smile as I stepped into the house.

(70)

None of the furniture had changed.

(71)

It was a bit older, maybe a little dustier, but exactly as I remembered it from my childhood.

(72)

I headed up the stairs to check out my old bedroom.

(73)
기출 풀기
8. p48-no.1

Jesse's best friend Monica, a mother of three, was diagnosed with a rare disease.

(74)

Unfortunately, she didn't have the money necessary to start her treatment and pay for all the other
expenses related to her disease.

(75)

So Jesse jumped in to help her.

(76)

She reached out to friends and family and asked them if they could spare $100.

(77)

If so, they were to bring their contribution to a restaurant downtown at a designated time.

(78)

Her goal was to get 100 people to give $100.

(79)

Under false pretenses, Jesse took Monica to the restaurant and asked if she minded answering a few
questions on video to share with others about her sickness.
(80)

She agreed.

(81)

Soon after the video began, a line formed outside the restaurant.

(82)

The number grew to hundreds of people, each delivering a $100 bill.

(83)

The kindness and generosity shown by both friends and strangers made a huge difference for Monica
and her family.

(84)

유형 연습
9. p50-no.1

When I was 12, I decided to teach my six-year-old sister how to dive.

(85)

She was perfectly fine jumping in from pool's edge, but climbing up the ladder to the tall diving
board terrified her.

(86)

On that day, I had managed to get her onto the diving board, but she was nervous.
(87)

Nearby, there was a woman, about 75 years old, who we didn't know.

(88)

She was swimming laps around the pool, and she would occasionally stop and watch us.

(89)

I was urging my sister on, trying to get her to dive, but she kept saying "I'm too afraid!"

(90)

Finally, the woman shouted to my sister.

(91)

"Hey!" she yelled, ''Are you scared?" "Yes, I really am!" replied my sister.

(92)

"Good!" the woman said.

(93)

"So g be afraid! And then do it anyway!"

(94)

Thinking about it for a second, she finally jumped in!

(95)

10. p51-no.2

Mallard was watching a nature program about pandas with his 7-year-old son, Austin.

(96)

During one part of the show some baby pandas were left "homeless."

(97)

Although Austin didn't understand what this word meant, he said felt sad.

(98)

Seeing this as a teachable moment, Mallard took him to the local shelter that provides housing and
food for the homeless men.

(99)

As they got closer to the building, they saw some homeless people standing in groups on the corner.

(100)

"Dad, they look sad," Austin said.

(101)

"Can we bring them some food and make them smile?"

(102)
That day, Austin used his monthly allowance to buy some sandwiches, which he and his father handed
out to them together.

(103)

Seeing how much their act of kindness meant to the men, Mallard and his son returned the next
month.

(104)

Once again, the son gave up his allowance for the homeless men, happily paying for the sandwiches
that he and his father gave to them.

(105)

11. p52-no.3

Late one night, a boy and his mother were walking home through the city's streets.

(106)

It was bitterly cold, and the first snow of the season was beginning to fall.

(107)

Looking up at the falling flakes, the boy saw somebody climbing up the wall of a nearby building.

(108)

He was dressed in black and wearing a mask that covered his face.
(109)

When he reached the nearest window, he began to force it open.

(110)

As the boy's mother called the police, the boy watched him climb through the window.

(111)

A few minutes later, a police officer arrived.

(112)

After asking them a few questions, he entered the building with his gun in his hand.

(113)

The boy wanted to wait and find out what would happen to the thief, but his mother grabbed his
hand and quickly pulled him down the street.

(114)

12. p53-no.4

Sliding open the glass door to her balcony, Angela could feel the approach of spring for the first time
that year.

(115)

The changing of seasons always made her feel both anxious and exciting.
(116)

A soft rain was falling, but Angela didn't care.

(117)

She wanted to open all the windows of her apartment and listen to the sound of the rain.

(118)

She didn't, however, because she was worried the noise would upset the little bird she had purchased
last week.

(119)

Angela had seen her in a pet shop and was drawn to her bright blue feathers.

(120)

Now the bird was sitting calmly in a cage, looking at her from across the room.

(121)

The bird was quieter than Angela had expected.

(122)

Instead of singing, she quietly observed her new surroundings, tilting her little head every time she
saw something new.

(123)
Angela wondered if the bird could sense that spring was coming too.

(124)

기출 풀기
13. p54-no.1

The body tends to accumulate problems, often beginning with one small, seemingly minor imbalance.

(125)

This problem causes another subtle imbalance, which triggers another, then several more.

(126)

In the end, you get a symptom.

(127)

It's like lining up a series of dominoes.

(128)

All you need to do is knock down the first one and many others will fall too.

(129)

What caused the last one to fall?

(130)
Obviously it wasn't the one before it, or the one before that, but the first one.

(131)

The body works the same way.

(132)

The initial problem is often unnoticed.

(133)

It's not until some of the later "dominoes" fall that more obvious clues and symptoms appear.

(134)

In the end, you get a headache, fatigue or depression - or even disease.

(135)

When you try to treat the last domino - treat just the end-result symptom - the cause of the problem
isn't addressed.

(136)

The first domino is the cause, or primary problem.

(137)
유형 연습
14. p56-no.1

Imagine you opened your closet and 3,900 liters of water came rushing out.

(138)

That's a lot of wasted water - nearly 40 full bathtubs!

(139)

Of course, this couldn't really happen.

(140)

But that's how much water it takes to produce a single cotton T-shirt.

(141)

You might think cotton is an environmentally friendly material.

(142)

But all that water is needed to grow, bleach, wash, and dye it, and to purify the water after using the
fertilizers, pesticides, and chemicals.

(143)

Even worse, the water most likely came from a water-deficient region where environmental protection
policies are not being implemented.

(144)
Instead, water is sold to the highest bidder - often manufacturers or large farms.

(145)

As a result, rivers are drained until they are dry, which damages entire ecosystems.

(146)

Although water is a renewable resource, it is not an unlimited one.

(147)

Therefore, whenever we make a purchase, we must look beyond the price tag.

(148)

15. p57-no.2

A black hole is an object that contains an extremely large amount of mass in a very small area.

(149)

This dense mass creates such a strong gravitational pull that nothing, including light, can escape it.

(150)

John Wheeler, an American physicist, coined the term "black hole" in 1967.

(151)

He also once said that "black holes have no hair."

(152)

Wheeler was referring to the fact that the color, length and style of a person's hair provide us with
details that can be used to identify and describe that person.

(153)

So far, scientists have only been able to measure the mass, electronic charge, and angular momentum
of individual black holes.

(154)

This may, however, change in the near future, because an image of a black hole in the M87 galaxy
was recently obtained, which is the first of its kind.

(155)

It may soon provide scientists with more information about black holes than they ever had before.

(156)

16. p58-no.3

Archaeologists have discovered large amounts of cave art produced by early humans, Homo sapiens
who lived thousands of years ago.

(157)

This includes many realistic pictures of people hunting animals.

(158)

Neanderthals, our ancient cousins, on the other hand, were not accomplished artists.
(159)

Drawing and hunting both require hand - eye coordination.

(160)

Neanderthals used spears to stab their prey at close range, which required little skill.

(161)

Early humans living on the open grasslands of Africa also hunted with spears.

(162)

However they threw them at their prey, an act which required high levels of skill.

(163)

This style of hunting improved their visualization abilities and caused their parietal cortexes - the part
of the brain related to vision and motor skills - to develop.

(164)

Not only did this make them better hunters, but it also gave them the ability to create works of art
depicting their hunting experiences.

(165)

17. p59-no.4

In big cities, many of the largest skyscrapers serve as spaces where people spend their days working
to earn money.
(166)

Most of these buildings are also home to restaurants and eateries, where these office workers can not
only obtain the food and drinks they need to survive but also gather together to socialize and discuss
their problems.

(167)

It is evident that they are as natural as an anthill or a nest built by a bird.

(168)

They were created by human beings, who are undeniably a part of nature, and they have been built
from natural materials.

(169)

People may complain that soil has been covered up by concrete, but there are plenty of natural
places where there is no soil.

(170)

In the world's big cities, the ecosystems that once existed have simply been replaced by urban
ecosystems that serve the same function as ones that are considered to be more "natural!"

(171)

기출 풀기
18. p60-no.1

Sometimes a person is acclaimed as "the greatest" because there is little basis for comparison.

(172)
For example, violinist Jan Kubelik was acclaimed as "the greatest" during his first tour of the United
States, but when impresario Sol Hurok brought him back to the United States in 1923, several people
thought that he had slipped a little.

(173)

However, Sol Elman, the father of violinist Mischa Elman, thought differently.

(174)

He said, "My dear friends, Kubelik played the Paganini concerto tonight as splendidly as ever he did.

(175)

Today you have a different standard.

(176)

You have Elman, Heifetz, and the rest.

(177)

All of you have developed and grown in artistry, technique, and, above all, in knowledge and
appreciation.

(178)

The point is: you know more; not that Kubelik plays less well."

(179)
유형 연습
19. p62-no.1

Photojournalism first began after the invention of cameras that reporters could easily carry around in
areas of war.

(180)

This allowed many people to see the horrors of war for the very first time.

(181)

Photojournalism, however, is about more than just taking pictures of war.

(182)

The phrase "bearing witness" is often used to explain what photojournalists do.

(183)

They allow the rest of the world to see through their eyes for just a moment.

(184)

A good photojournalist can capture an entire story in a single photograph.

(185)

Unlike written journalism, which can sometimes contain misleading facts and personal opinions,
photojournalism shows the truth without exaggeration or bias.
(186)

Accuracy is perhaps the most important characteristic of traditional photojournalism.

(187)

What you see in a photograph is exactly what happened.

(188)

Sadly, digital photography is beginning to erode the purity of the images captured by
photojournalists - technology has made it far too easy to manipulate photographs.

(189)

20. p63-no.2

When human body cells die, it is for one of two reasons.

(190)

They are either killed by an external factor, such as heat, toxins, or physical damage, or they purposely
kill themselves off.

(191)

The latter is actually a vital process in the maintenance of the body's overall health.

(192)

The ability of cells to die when necessary is encoded in the human genome and is used to ensure that
the total number of cells in the organism remains at an optimal level to kill off harmful cells.
(193)

In order to end its life, a cell will activate specialized genes that begin to break down its nucleus and
DNA.

(194)

Immune cells then surround the dying cell and remove unwanted material from the body.

(195)

If this entire process is not carried out successfully, it can lead to serious consequences, including
cancer.

(196)

21. p64-no.3

A lunar eclipse occurs when Earth gets in between the Sun and the Moon, causing the shadow of
Earth to fall across the Moon.

(197)

Instead of simply getting darker, however, the Moon turns a reddish color.

(198)

This is called a "blood moon."

(199)

It occurs because the Sun's rays bend around the Earth before landing on the Moon.
(200)

As they pass through Earth's atmosphere, the shorter wavelengths of light are scattered, while the
longer wavelengths continue on to the Moon.

(201)

The shorter wavelengths are blues and greens, and the longer ones are reds and oranges.

(202)

How red the Moon appears depends on the amount of dust and clouds in the atmosphere.

(203)

For example, when there are more particles than usual in the atmosphere, perhaps due to the
eruption of a large volcano, the Moon turns a darker shade of red.

(204)

22. p65-no.4

On holidays and birthdays, parents often give their children a gift to make the day seem more special.

(205)

However, children may react badly if the gift isn't exactly what they were hoping for.

(206)

They may burst into tears or ask if they can get a new gift.
(207)

When this happens, it is easy for parents to feel guilty thinking they have ruined a special day or let
their child down.

(208)

However, dealing with being disappointed is very important.

(209)

Even though disappointment doesn't feel very pleasant, it is actually a healthy emotion and a
necessary part of children's emotional and social development.

(210)

It can encourage them to find the bright side of a bad situation or even to seek out ways to make
things better.

(211)

Overcoming disappointment now will teach them how to bounce back from whatever difficulties they
may face in the future.

(212)

23. p66-no.5

In a study, scientists divided participants into two categories: night owls, who went to bed around
2:30 a.m. and woke up around 10:15 a.m., and early risers, who went to bed before 11 p.m. and woke
up around 6:30 a.m.

(213)
After performing tasks at various times, from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m., the participants were tested and had
their brains scanned with an MRI machine.

(214)

Early risers felt the least sleepy and had their fastest reaction times in the early morning.

(215)

Night owls, on the other hand, felt and performed best at 8 p.m., although their results weren't
significantly better than those of early risers.

(216)

Interestingly, the MRI scans showed that early risers had better brain connectivity throughout the day
than night owls.

(217)

This may be because night owls are forced to get up early during school; then they get a job and
have to keep getting up early.

(218)

As a result, they must constantly fight against their bodies' natural rhythms.

(219)

24. p67-no.6

Psychologist Jonathan Haidt once used an interesting analogy when discussing behavior change.
(220)

He claimed that the human brain has two sides - an emotional side and a rational side.

(221)

Haidt compared the emotional side to an elephant and the rational side to a rider.

(222)

The rider does the rational thinking, and the elephant provides the muscle.

(223)

Think about what would happen if the rider decided that going to the left would get them to their
destination quickly and safely, but the elephant wanted to go right instead.

(224)

The two might get in a big fight and end up nowhere.

(225)

This is why they must work together to accomplish their goal.

(226)

The rider needs the elephant to get where he wants to go, and the elephant needs the rider to guide
it.

(227)
Getting them to coordinate their actions is not easy, but it is the only way to ensure that they reach
their destination.

(228)

기출 풀기
25. p86-no.1

Hygge, a term that comes from Danish, is both a noun and a verb and does not have a direct
translation into English.

(229)

The closest word would have to be coziness, but that doesn't really do it justice.

(230)

While hygge is centered around cozy activities, it also includes a mental state of well-being and
togetherness.

(231)

It's a holistic approach to deliberately creating intimacy, connection, and warmth with ourselves and
those around us.

(232)

When we hygge, we make a conscious decision to find joy in the simple things.

(233)
For example, lighting candles and drinking wine with a close friend you haven't seen in a while, or
sprawling out on a blanket while having a relaxing picnic in the park with a circle of your loved ones
in the summertime can both be hygge.

(234)

유형 연습
26. p88-no.1

Projection is a psychological phenomenon in which you see or find your own characteristics - positive
or negative - in other people.

(235)

Like a lot of human behavior, projection comes down to self-defense.

(236)

It allows you to ignore the parts of yourself that you don't like and keep uncomfortable truths hidden.

(237)

Those who don't know themselves well but think they do are the most likely to use projection.

(238)

Those who suffer from low self-esteem and have little confidence also tend to project.

(239)

They project their own feelings of inferiority onto others.

(240)
People who are open and honest about their own failures and weaknesses is the least likely to project
because they don't experience negative feelings about themselves.

(241)

27. p89-no.2

With the development of artificial intelligence, interest in self-driving cars has increased, leading to
questions about ethical decisions.

(242)

What happens if a self-driving car finds itself in a situation where it has only two options - hit a
pedestrian or crash into a wall, sacrificing its passengers?

(243)

It's unrealistic to think that a self-driving car should be able to make such a difficult ethical decision.

(244)

In order to have this ability, a car would need to be programmed to have the same characteristics as
a human, including the ability to enjoy casual conversations, find jokes funny, and make moral
judgements.

(245)

The current AI technology found in self-driving cars is not capable of doing any of these things.

(246)

Therefore, we cannot expect AI to act like human beings in many situations.

(247)

28. p90-no.3

When they are setting a goal, people tend to believe that the key to achieving it is simply to control
their behavior.

(248)

Self-control involves regulating and sometimes altering their responses to common situations to
decrease their undesirable behavior.

(249)

It is commonly believed that self-control is something that can be learned and improved, so it has
always been recommended.

(250)

However, although practicing self-control over the long-term can strengthen it, self-control is limited
in the short-term.

(251)

If you focus all of your self-control on one task, you will actually have less self-control in terms of
everything else, a situation known as "ego depletion."

(252)

When this occurs, people are unable to find enough willpower to achieve the next task, even though
they have increased their self-control in one task.

(253)
29. p91-no.4

Art therapy, the combination of art and psychotherapy, is based on the idea that creativity can help
speed up the healing process.

(254)

Making works of art allows people to express themselves more easily and to explore their own
deepest thoughts and feelings to manage or solve their problems.

(255)

Almost any form of art can be used in art therapy, including painting, collage, photography and
sculpture.

(256)

The works of art that are created during therapy sessions act as a bridge between the unconscious
and conscious minds, the inner world and external reality.

(257)

It doesn't matter if the created work is unattractive or if the participant lacks artistic skills.

(258)

The whole point of art therapy is to help people learn more about themselves and the feelings inside
of them through their work.

(259)