IOT

BASED REAL TIME MONITORING AND EXPOSURE OF

MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION IN DRINKING WATER
A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

ABISHEK S (622121105006)

KAVIN V (622121105038)

KISHORE S (622121105045)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

IN

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

PAAVAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAMAKKAL

(AUTONOMOUS)

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

MAY 2024

IOT

BASED REAL TIME MONITORING AND EXPOSURE OF

MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION IN DRINKING WATER
A PROJECT REPORT
 Submitted by

ABISHEK S (622121105006)

KAVIN V (622121105038)

KISHORE S (622121105045)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

PAAVAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAMAKKAL

(AUTONOMOUS)

(Approved by AICTE New Delhi, Affiliated to Anna University Chennai,

Accredited by NBA New Delhi and NAAC with “A” Grade)

Pachal, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu – 637018

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

MAY 2024
 iii

PAAVAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NAMAKKAL

(AUTONOMOUS)
(Approved by AICTE New Delhi, Affiliated to Anna University Chennai,
Accredited by NBA New Delhi and NAAC with “A” Grade)
Pachal, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu – 637018

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

INTERNAL GUIDE SIGNATURE EXTERNAL GUIDE SIGNATURE

Dr.M.SUDHA, M.E., MBA., Ph.D., Mr.Karthi Moorthy,B.E. I&C.,
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT TECHNICAL HEAD
Professor Om TechnoCrafts Corporation
Department of ECE 42,Meenachi Sundaram Street
Paavai Engineering College Thirunagar Colony
Namakkal -637 018. Erode -638003

Certified that project report “IOT BASED REAL TIME

MONITORING AND EXPOSURE OF MICROBIAL
CONTAMINATION IN DRINKING WATER” is the Bonafide work of
“ABISHEK S (622121105006)” who have carried out the project work under
my supervision.

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Dr.M.SUDHA, M.E., MBA., Ph.D.,
SUPERVISOR
Professor
Department of ECE
Paavai Engineering College
Namakkal -637 018.

Submitted for End Semester Examination held on ______________________

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INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

DECLARATION
We ABISHEK S, KAVIN V, KISHORE S Hereby declare that the

project title “Smart Security device for Women Protection using Stun gun” done

by us under the guidance of Dr.M. SUDHA, M.E., MBA., Ph.D., Professor and

Head of the Department at Paavai Engineering College, Pachal, and Namakkal

is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor

of Engineering degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering.

Certified further that, to the best of our knowledge, the work reported here in

does not form part of any other project report or dissertation on the basis of

which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any

other candidate.

1.

2.

DATE: 3.

PLACE: PACHAL SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATES

 v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

A great deal of arduous work and efforts has been spent in

implementing this project work. Several special people have guided us and have
contributed significantly to this work and so this becomes obligatory to record
our thanks to them.
We express our profound gratitude to our honorable
Chairman, Shri. CA. N. V. NATARAJAN, B.com. FCA, and also to our
Correspondent, Smt. N. MANGAINATARAJAN, M.Sc., for providing all
necessary facilities for the successful completion of this project.
We wish to express our sincere thanks to our respected Director
Administration, Dr. K. K. RAMASAMY, M.E., Ph.D., for all the blessing
and help provided during the period of project work.
We would like to thank our respected Principal, Dr. M. PREM
KUMAR, M.E., Ph.D., for allowing us to do this project and providing
requires time to complete the same.
We wish to express our sincere gratitude to Dr. M. SUDHA, M.E.,
MBA., Ph.D., Head of Electronics and Communication Engineering
department for her extended encourage fulfilling this project.
We express our sincere thanks, Mr. S. VIJAYAKUMAR, M.E.,
as a Project Coordinator for the useful suggestions, which helped us for
completing the project work in time.
We would like to extend our sincere thanks to Dr. M. SUDHA,
M.E., MBA., Ph.D., Supervisor, forgiving this opportunity to do this project
and also for her inspiring guidance, generous help and support.
 vi

We would like to extend our sincere thanks to all our department

staff members and to our parents for their advice and encouragement to do
the project work with full interest and enthusiasm.

ABSTRACT

Water contamination is a pressing national issue with significant

implications for public health and safety. Polluted water sources are
responsible for numerous diseases and fatalities, impacting countless
lives each year. This study introduces an innovative Internet of Things
(IoT) based water quality monitoring system designed to address this
critical concern. The system was developed and implemented to analyze
and monitor the quality of various water samples across different
environments. The core of the study lies in the practical application of
this IoT-based system to assess water quality parameters in real-time. The
monitoring system is equipped to measure a range of contaminants and
pollutants, providing valuable data on the suitability of water for various
uses, such as drinking, cooking, and agricultural purposes. This data is
instrumental in determining whether water meets safety standards and is
fit for consumption or other uses. A significant issue contributing to water
pollution is the presence of harmful substances, including heavy metals,
chemicals, and pathogens, which often result from industrial activities,
agricultural runoff, and inadequate waste disposal. These contaminants
pose serious health risks and contribute to vector-borne diseases, which
exacerbate public health challenges, especially in regions with limited
access to clean water. Water's role in supporting life and development is
indispensable, as it is essential for drinking, sanitation, agriculture, and
industry. Despite its importance, the process of storing and managing
water resources remains labor-intensive and inefficient.
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TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

NO. NO.
ABSTRACT v
LIST OF TABLES x
LIST OF FIGURES xi
LIST OF ABBRIVATIONS xiv
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
2 LITERATURE SURVEY 2
2.1 IOT Based Safety Smart Band for Women 2
2.1.1 Introduction 2
2.1.2 Architecture of System 2
2.1.3. Result 3
2.1.4 Drawbacks 4
2.2 Women Safety Device Using IOT 4
2.2.1 Introduction 4
2.2.2 Hardware System 5
2.2.3 Result 9
2.2.4 Drawbacks 10
2.3 IOT Based Wrist Band for Women Safety 10
2.3.1 Introduction 10
2.3.2 Design Objectives and Architecture 10
 viii

2.3.3 Result 13
2.3.4 Drawbacks 13
2.4 Design of A Smart Safety Device for 13
Women Using IOT
2.4.1 Introduction 13
2.4.2 System Design and Configurations 14
2.4.3 The working of the device 15
2.4.4 Result 17
2.4.5 Drawbacks 17
2.5 IOT Based Smart Emergency Locket to 18
Ensure Protection for Women
2.5.1 Introduction 18
2.5.2 System Components and 18
Implementation
2.5.3 Hardware Description 19
2.5.4 Result 20
2.5.5 Drawbacks 20
2.6 Smart Wearable Device for Women Safety 20
Using Internet of Things
2.6.1 Introduction 21
2.6.2 Design Development 21
2.6.3 Result 23
2.6.4 Drawbacks 24
2.7 Smart Security Gadget for Women Using 24
IOT
2.7.1 Introduction 24
2.7.2 Hardware Description 25
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2.7.3 Result 26
2.7.4 Drawbacks 27
2.8 IOT Controlled Smart Gadget for Women 27
Safety
2.8.1 Introduction 27
2.8.2 System Description 27
2.8.3 Result 28
2.8.4 Drawbacks 29
2.9 A Mobile Application for Women’s 29
Safety:WOS App
2.9.1 Introduction 29
2.9.2 Activation of Service 29
2.9.3 Transmission of Emergency SMS 30
And Cell
2.9.4 Result 30
2.9.5 Drawbacks 31
2.10 Smart Gadget for Women safety Using Iot 31
2.10.1 Introduction 31
2.10.2 IoT Enhancing Services 32
2.10.3 Installation of Motion Software 33
2.10.4 The Implementation Results 35
2.10.5 Result 36
2.10.6 Drawbacks 37
2.11 Summery of literature survey 37
3 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 41
3.1 Existing System 41
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3.2 Proposed System 42

3.2.1 Methodology 44
3.2.3 Block Diagram 46
3.3.3 Specific Features 46
4 SYSTEM SPECIFICATION 48
4.1 Hardware Components 48
4.1.1 Raspberry Pi 48
4.1.2 Flex Sensor 49
4.1.3 Global Positioning System 51
4.1.4 Camera Module 52
4.1.5 GSM Module 54
4.1.6 LCD Display 55
4.2 Software Requirements 56
4.2.1 Python 56
5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 62
6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE 63
ENHANCEMENT

7 APPENDIX 64
8 REFERENCES 70
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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO TITLES OF THE TABLE PAGE NO

2.1 Summary of Literature Survey 37

4.1.1 Specifications of Raspberry pi 50

4.1.2 Specifications of Flex sensors 52

4.1.3 Specifications of GPS Module 53

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4.1.4 Specifications of Camera Module 54

4.15 Specifications of GSM Module 55

4.1.6 Specifications of LCD Display 56

4.2.1 Specifications of Python Software 62

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGUR NAME OF THE FIGURE PAGE.NO

E NO

2.1 Block diagram of Women Safety System 3

2.2 Arduino UNO 5

2.3 Push-button 6
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2.4 Buzzer 6

2.5 Power Supply 7

2.6 Transformer 7

2.7 GSM 8

2.8 Laser Diode 8

2.9 GPS Module 9

2.10 Design Architecture 11

2.11 Hardware Connections 12

2.12 Proposed Hardware Design for Women Safety 14

and Design of Shock Wave Generator.

2.13 Workflow of the Proposed Design 16

2.14 Additional Features Supported through 16

Android Application

2.15 Connecting with GSM Module and Prompting 17

for Fingerprint

2.16 System Block Diagram 18

2.17 Circuit Diagram: smart locker 20

2.18 Network Diagram of Proposed Model 21

2.19 Flowchart 23

2.20 Force sensor 25

2.21 Pulse rate Sensor 26

2.22 Block Diagram 28

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2.23 Screenshot of WoSApp’s Home Act 30

2.24 IoT sector categories 33

2.25 Installation of Motion Software 34

2.26 Implementation Results 35

2.27 Implementation Results 36

3.1 Existing Block Diagram 42

3.2 Proposed Block Diagram 46

4.1 Raspberry-pi 50

4.2 Flex Sensor 51

4.3 Global Positioning System 53

4.4 Camera module 54

4.5 GSM Module 55

4.6 LCD Display 56

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ACRONYM ABBREVIATION
ADC Analog to Digital converter

GPS Global Positioning system

GSM Global System for Mobile

communication

SMS Short Message Service

WWW World Wide Web

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Water is the most important factor for both national financial prosperity
and human well-being. Water is essential for horticulture and
industrialization, as well as for all living things, not just humans. Poor
management of water resources in densely populated areas leads to the
discharge of deadly chemicals, alterations in the atmosphere, population
growth, raw sewage, and other human activities.
Water is distributed unevenly, discriminatorily, and impractically
throughout the world as a result of accessibility and availability issues. In this
essay, we choose India as an example of the most powerful and developing
nation on Earth, even if India also has greater challenges with its economy
and population growth.Water is provided by the various developing nations as a
basic necessity for 72% of the population, and for specific country territories.
Human well-being was negatively damaged by a contaminated water source and
directly affected by drinking.
Disease and devastation are the main effects of contaminated water. As a
result, water-borne illnesses such as dengue, cholera, jungle fever, and so on, are
reduced due to serious health issues. Newborn mortality in India is primarily
caused by the runs. Seventy percent of occurrences of loose stools are caused by
improper water and sanitation cleansing.
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 IoT and WSN Based Water Quality Monitoring System

“A review on IoT based safety smart band for Women” in

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research, ISSN
2277-7881, on April 2021, Volume 10.

2.1.1 Introduction

A SmartCity utilizes electronic sensors and IoT technology to manage

resources and enhance municipal services. It integrates ICT and sensors to
improve efficiency and connectivity across city infrastructure. The IoT
architecture includes a node layer with Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
composed of smart, tiny devices that monitor and track data. These networks
use LPWAN technology, specifically LoRa and LoRaWAN, for long-range,
low-power communication. LoRaWAN enables secure data transfer over
distances of up to 30 kilometers with low power consumption. In India, LoRa
operates at 433 MHz, and RSSI measurements indicate signal strength. The
central server in this system is ThingSpeak.

The SmartCity project aims to enhance water quality and optimize

municipal services by providing real-time water monitoring. It addresses the
challenges of increasing wastewater and pollution due to urban growth. By
integrating IoT, SmartCities improve communication, instrumentation, and
intelligence, making resource use more efficient and responsive to
environmental changes.
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2.1.2 Architecture of System

water sensing node integrates sensors in real time water quality

monitoring and it includes temperature sensor, pH sensor, turbidity sensor, and
dissolved oxygen content monitoring. These sensor values from node 1 are
transmitted to the gateway via LoRa module RA-02 which is an LPWAN
wireless communication technology.

The sensor data values from the water quality nodes are given to
ATmega328 microcontroller, and thus to LoRa transmitter module
interfaced with ATmega328 by SPI communication. It transmits the sensor
data wirelessly to LoRa receiver. The LoRa receiver shows the RSSI value
of sensor data packet reception in dBm and passes the data values to
ESP32 Wi-Fi gateway module. The gateway then passes the data to
ThingSpeak server via IP protocol..

Figure 2.1 : Real-Time Water quality Monitoring System

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2.1.3 Result

The main goal of this project is to ensure that every woman in the society
feels safe and secure while travelling at night, on lonely roads, while going to
schools, colleges, workplaces, etc. Implementing real time applications and an
upgraded device, we can solve the problems to an extent with further research
and innovation, it can be used to safeguard the women in critical conditions, as
women are facing many problems regarding their security. This system will
help women to overcome their fear in going out and pursue their careers and
work.

2.1.4 Drawbacks

The low battery of smartphones, and there is nothing the app can do.
Sensors may occasionally trigger false alerts, potentially leading to
desensitization limited.