Peer-to-Peer Network

In a peer-to-peer network, devices are connected directly to each

other without any additional networking devices between them, as shown in
Figure 68. In this type of network, each device has equivalent capabilities and
responsibilities. Individual users are responsible for their own resources and
can decide which data and devices to share. Because of that, the network
has no central point of control or administration.

Figure 68. Peer-to-Peer Network

It allows certain files and folders to be shared with everyone or with

selected users. Peer-to-peer networks are quite common in small offices that
do not use a dedicated file server. Files and folders can be configured to
allow network users to copy them, but not alter them in their original location,
which is a common safety precaution. However, files and folders can also be
assigned a "read/write" status that allows either selected users or all users on
the network to change them.

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 Peer-to-peer networking differs from client-server networking, where
certain devices have responsibility for providing or "serving" data and other
devices consume or otherwise act as "clients" of those servers.

Setting up a peer-to-peer network in Windows XP

The steps described below are provided as a general guide that will
work for most home networking situations. However, it may not work for all
scenarios.
Do the following steps to set up your own inclusive home network:
1. Make sure both systems have Network Interface Cards (NICs) installed
and are using the proper cables.

NOTE: For a direct network cable connection between two PCs (not
with a hub, switch or router), you need to have a cross-over cable.

2. For PCs with Windows XP, the home networking wizard can be used to
set up Windows for your network.
a. Click Start, and then Control Panel.
b. Select Network and internet connections.
c. Double-click Network setup wizard and follow the on-screen
instructions.
.
NOTE: If the Network setup wizard is unsuccessful, continue with the
steps below.

3. Click Start, Control Panel, Network and Internet Connections, and

then Network Connections. At Network Connection Windows, you will see
the Local Area Connection Icon, Right click it and select Properties.
Local Area Connection window appears.

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 Figure 69. Network Connection Window

4. Click on the General tab.

Figure 70. LAN Properties General Tab

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5. A device name should appear under "connect using." If not, there is a
hardware issue and Windows is not recognizing the network hardware. This
issue must be fixed before continuing.
a. At the General Tab, Put a check mark at the following:
- Client for Microsoft Network
- File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Network
- Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

b. Put a check mark saying Show icon in notification area when

connected.
c. Select the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click the Properties
button

NOTE: If any of the above component is not installed, install them by

selecting Add or Install, and then selecting the missing component, and
clicking Add.

Figure 71. TCP/IP- Properties

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 d. At the IP Address tab, select Specify IP Address.
e. Enter 192.168.0.1 as the unique IP Address for the first
machine. For each other PC add one to the last number in the
IP address. For example,
 KIDSPC1 = 192.168.0.1 ,
 MOMSPC2 = 192.168.0.2 ,
 and WORKPC3 = 192.168.0.3 .

NOTE: 192.168.0.x is an IP Address reserved for private networks

and is not routable to the Internet.

Figure 72. Assigning IP Address and Subnet Mask

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6. In the Subnet mask field enter: 255.255.255.0
All PCs on the same network use the same subnet mask. Click the Ok
button to finish configuration and to close the Local Area Connection
Properties windows.

Note: The Domain Name System (DNS) is optional. If you have a DNS
system and your connected to ISP you can input an IP address which
came from the DNS server.
Click Start, right-click My Computer, and then select Properties.

7. Click the Computer Name tab and click the Change button.
8. Enter a name that describes the PC in the Computer Description field.
For example, KIDSPC1, MOMSPC2, or WORKPC3.
9. Enter the workgroup name for your network. Use the same workgroup
name for all PCs on the network. Spelling is important in this step.
10. Repeat these steps for each PC on the network.
11. Wait two minutes after Windows opens on all PCs, and then double-click
the Network Neighborhood icon on the desktop. If all went well, you
should see all the PC names on the network when files and folders are
being shared. If you do not see them, press F5 to refresh the screen.
12. If after refreshing the network window, the other PCs still do not appear,
check the firewall settings that may be interfering with the
communication.

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Setting up a Peer-to-Peer network in Windows 7
If you are going to work with Windows 7 operating system, the
following procedures are used to set up a peer-to-peer network:
1. On Desktop ==> Select My Computer ==> Right Click ==> Select
properties.

Figure 73. Step 1

2. Select Change Setting (administrative permission will be required in
this procedure).

Figure 74. Step 2

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3. Click or select Change.

Figure 75. Step 3

4. Change computer name and workgroup name. Then, click OK.

Figure 76. Step 4

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5. Save the change (A Reboot will be required).

Figure 77. Step 5

6. After Reboot ==> Right Click on My Network Place ==> Properties.

Figure 78. Step 6

7. Turn on Network discovery, File sharing, Printer Sharing.

Figure 79. Step 7

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8. Click on Manage network connections.

Figure 80. Step 8

9. Select Local Area Connection ==> Properties

Figure 81. Step 9

10. Select Internet Protocol version 4 (TCP/IPv4) ==> properties.

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 Figure 82. Step 10

11. Now enter the assigned IP address and then click OK.

Figure 83. Step 11

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12. Now open My network place ==> Click to change then Select Turn on
network discovery and file sharing.

Figure 84. Step 12

13. If you could see all computers in My Network place, you have
successfully configured a workgroup.

Figure 85. Step 13

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Client-Server Network

In a client/server network, the server provides the requested

information or service to the client. Servers on a client/server network
commonly perform some of the processing work for client machines, such as
sorting through a database before delivering only the records requested by
the client.

Figure 86. Client/Server Network

One example of a client/server network is a corporate environment in

which employees use a company e-mail server to send, receive, and store e-
mail. The e-mail client on an employee computer issues a request to the e-
mail server for any unread e-mail. The server responds by sending the
requested e-mail to the client.
In a client/server model, the servers are maintained by network
administrators. Data backups and security measures are implemented by the
network administrator. The network administrator also controls user access to

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the network resources. All the data on the network is stored on a centralized
file server. Shared printers on the network are managed by a centralized print
server. Network users with the proper permissions can access both the data
and shared printers. Each user must provide an authorized username and
password to gain access to network resources that he or she is permitted to
use. For data protection, an administrator performs a routine backup of all the
files on the servers. If a computer crashes, or data is lost, the administrator
can easily recover the data from a recent backup.

Comparison

Directions: Using the table below, cite the features of peer-to-peer and client
/server network.

Peer-to-peer Network Client/Server Network

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Peer-to-peer study

Directions: Have a partner. Using different references available such as

articles, books, internet and publications, investigate and search for the
advantages and disadvantages of peer-to-peer network. You will present your
output in front of the class and you will be rated according to the rubrics for
research and rubrics for oral presentation.

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Rubrics for Research Study

Very Good Excellent

Qualities & Criteria Poor (0-74) Good (75-79)
(80-89) (90-100)
Format/Layout Followed Some format Most format All the
(15%) poorly the and layout and layout requirements
requirements related related related to
 Presentation of the related to requirements requirements format and
text format and were met. were met. layout were
 Structuring of text
layout. strictly
 Requirements of
length, font and followed.
style followed
Content/Information The research The research The research The research
(50%) was not was objective was objective was objective
objective and and for some and for the and
 All elements of the poorly part most part addresses
topics are addresses addresses an addresses an with an in-
addressed
the issues in depth in-depth depth
 The information is
technically sound referred in analysis analysis of analysis all
 Information based the proposed The provided most issues the issues
on careful topic. information referred in referred in
research The provided was, for some the proposed the proposed
 Coherence of information part, topic. topic.
information was not necessary The provided The provided
necessary or and sufficient information information
not sufficient to discuss was, for the was
to discuss these issues. most part, necessary
these issues. necessary and sufficient
and sufficient to discuss
to discuss these issues.
these issues.

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Quality of Writing The essay The essay The essay The essay
(25%) was not well was well was well was well
written, and written for written for the written from
 Clarity and contains some part, most part, start to finish,
cohesiveness of many spelling without without without
sentences and
errors, and/or spelling, spelling, spelling,
paragraphs
 No errors in
grammar grammar or grammar or grammar or
spelling, grammar errors and/or use of use of use of
and use of English use of English English English
 Organization and English errors. errors. errors.
coherence of errors. The essay is The essay is The essay
ideas It lacks clarity for some part for the most was well
and/or does well part well organized,
not present organized, organized, clear and
ideas in a clear and clear and presents
coherent presents presents ideas in a
way. ideas in a ideas in a coherent
coherent coherent way.
way. way.
References (10%) References Some of the Most of the All of the
were not references references references
 Soundness of appropriately were were were
references used and appropriately appropriately appropriately
cited. used and used and used and
cited. cited. cited.

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 Rubrics for Oral Presentation

B D AP P A
CRITERIA
(70- 74) (75-79) (80-84) (85-89) (90-100)

1. Gave an interesting
introduction
2. Presented clear
explanation of topic
3. Presented information in
logical manner
4. Used complete sentence
5. Offered a concluding
summary
6. Spoke clearly, correctly,
distinctly, and confidently
7. Maintained eye contact
8. Maintained acceptable
posture.
9. Utilized audio-visual aids
10. Handled questions and
comments confidently
Total
Grand Total

Legend:

B- Beginner
D- Developing
AP- Approaching Proficiency
P- Proficient
A- Advance

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Hands-on Activity
Directions: Follow and perform the prescribed procedures in setting up a
peer-to-peer and client/server network for Windows XP and Windows 7. You
will be rated base on the performance indicators below:
Performance Indicators for Setting- up a peer-to-peer and client/server
network

Indicators Poor Fair Good Very Excellent Total

(70- 74) (75-79) (80-84) Good (90-100) (score
(85-89) x
%)
Safety
Procedures
(15%)
-Applied /
manifested safety
precautions while
working
Adherence to the
Procedures
(30%)
-Followed the
procedures
systematically
Workmanship
(15%)
-Organized
materials and
tools while
accomplishing the
task and has time
management
Quality of
Service (40%)
-Had set-up a fully
functional peer-to-
peer and
client/server
network.
Grand Total

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