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EXPERIMENT - Turbidity

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31 views4 pages

EXPERIMENT - Turbidity

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sathavaravishal987
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© © All Rights Reserved
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EXPERIMENT NO: - 12

To determine turbidity of sample

Aim: To determine the turbidity of the sample.

Equipment/Instrument: -

- Turbidimeter (or Nephelometer)


- Distilled water
- Sample containers (glass or plastic cuvettes)
- Water samples (from natural sources, drinking water, or wastewater)
- Latex or nitrile gloves (optional)

Theory:

Turbidity is an expression of optical property that uses light scattering properties of


suspension in the sample. Turbidity in water is caused by suspended matter such as clay, silt,
finely divided organic and inorganic matter soluble, colored organic compounds, plankton
and other microscopic organisms.

Turbidity is measured by shining light through a sample and measuring the degree of
scattering as measured by a light detector placed at right angles to the original light path.
Above measuring technique is known as Nephelometry.

Turbidity can also be measured by shining light through a sample and measuring the degree
of light penetration as measured by a light detector placed in line to the original light path.
This measuring technique is known as Turbidimetry.

Principle:

Turbidity meter operates on the principle that light passing through a substance is scattered
by matter suspended in the substance. In this instrument, a strong light beam is passed
upward through a tube containing the sample. As the beam passes through the sample, the
light is scattered in proportion to suspended particles. At 900 to the light path, this scattered
light is sensed by the phototube to give the turbidity reading.

The unit of measurement is NTU.


Setup Diagram:
Fig. Turbidimeter

Calibration of the Instrument:

1. Switch on the instrument and keep it ON for some time.


2. Select appropriate range depending upon the expected turbidity of the sample.
3. Set zero of the instruments with turbidity free water using blank solution and adjust
000 with the ‘set zero’ knob. The CAL control should be moved by 5 turns clockwise
from 0 positions.
4. Now in another test tube, take standard suspension that already prepared. For 0-200
NTU range use 100 NTU solution and for higher range use 400 NTU solutions as
standard.

Procedure:

1. Take the test tube containing distilled water in the test tube holder and close the test
tube holder lid.
2. Select the required range for measurement.
3. Adjust the display to 000 by adjusting ‘set zero’ knob.
4. Remove the test tube containing distilled water & insert another test tube containing
standard solution (say 400 NTU). Place it in the test tube holder.
5. Take the measurement of the solution suspension& adjust the ‘calibrate’ knob so that
the display reads the selected standard solution value.
6. Again, check the display zero with the test tube containing distilled water.
7. Now the instrument is ready to take measurement of any unknown suspension.

Calculation:

Sample Turbidity (NTU)


Conclusion:

Quiz:

1. Define turbidity

2. State the unit of turbidity.

Suggested Reference:

1. http;//instrumentationtools.com/d-c-tachogenerator-principle/
2. Introduction to Instrumentation and Control by A . K. Ghosh,4th Edition,PHI
publications
3. Industrial Instrumentation by K. Krishnaswamy and S. Vijayachitra, New Age
Instrumentation Publication.

Reference used by the students:

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 3 4 5 Total
Marks

Rubrics:

1. Group work while performing experiment.


2. Understand the concept while performing the experiment.
3. Individual work done while performing the experiment.
4. Analysis of the observations.
5. Quiz answers and submission on time.

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