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Intro To Nfa v2

Introdução a NFA feito pelo ChatGPT

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16 views

Intro To Nfa v2

Introdução a NFA feito pelo ChatGPT

Uploaded by

gxexeo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Non-deterministic Finite Automata (NFA)

Slide 1: What is an NFA?

A Non-deterministic Finite Automaton (NFA) is a type of automaton that is similar to a Deterministic

Finite Automaton (DFA), but allows multiple possible transitions for a given state and input. This

means that from a single state, the NFA can move to several different states depending on the

input, or even choose to move without consuming any input symbols (epsilon transitions).
Slide 2: Components of an NFA

An NFA consists of the following components:

1. States (Q): A finite set of states.

2. Alphabet (A): A finite set of input symbols.

3. Transition Function (delta): A function that returns a set of states for each state and input symbol.

4. Start State (q0): The state from which the computation begins.

5. Accept States (F): The set of states representing the accepting conditions.

6. Epsilon Transitions (e): Optional transitions that allow the NFA to move between states without

consuming any input symbols.


Slide 3: Differences Between DFA and NFA

1. Determinism vs Non-determinism: In a DFA, for each state and input symbol, there is exactly one

transition. In an NFA, there can be multiple possible transitions for the same input.

2. Epsilon Transitions: NFAs can have transitions that do not consume input symbols (e), while

DFAs cannot.

3. Acceptance: An NFA accepts a string if there exists at least one path from the start state to an

accept state where the input is consumed.


Slide 4: Example of NFA

Consider an NFA that accepts binary strings ending in either '01' or '10'.

- States: {q0, q1, q2, q3}

- Alphabet: {0, 1}

- Start State: q0

- Accept States: {q2, q3}

- Transition Function: delta(q0, 0) = {q1}, delta(q0, 1) = {q3}, delta(q1, 1) = {q2}, delta(q3, 0) = {q2}

This NFA moves to multiple states depending on the input and can accept both strings ending in '01'

and '10'.
Slide 5: Converting an NFA to a DFA

Although NFAs and DFAs are different in how they process input, they recognize the same class of

languages (regular languages). Any NFA can be converted into an equivalent DFA. The conversion

process involves creating a DFA where each state represents a set of NFA states, known as the

'powerset construction'.

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