12 Std - Bio Botany

Chapter 1 Asexual and Sexual Reproduction in Plants

Important Questions
2 and 3 Mark Questions (Book Back Questions)
1) What is reproduction?
2) List out two sub-aerial stem modifications with example.
3) What is layering? 4) What are clones?
5) A detached leaf of Bryophyllum produces new plants. How?
6) Differentiate Grafting and Layering.
7) Distinguish mound layering and air layering.
8) Explain the conventional methods adopted in vegetative propagation of higher plants.
9)What is Cantharophily.
10) List any two strategy adopted by bisexual flowers to prevent self-pollination.
11) What is endothelium.
12) “The endosperm of angiosperm is different from gymnosperm”.
Do you agree. Justify your answer.
13) Define the term Diplospory.
14) What is polyembryony. How it can commercially exploited.

15) What is Mellitophily?

16) “Endothecium is associated with dehiscence of anther” Justify the statement.
17) List out the functions of tapetum.
18) Write short note on Pollen kitt.
19) Distinguish tenuinucellate and crassinucellate ovules.
20) ‘Pollination in Gymnosperms is different from Angiosperms’ – Give reasons.
21 Write short note on Heterostyly.
5 Mark Questions (Book Back Questions)
1) Enumerate the characteristic features of Entomophilous flowers
2) Discuss the steps involved in Microsporogenesis.
3) With a suitable diagram explain the structure of an ovule.
4) Give a concise account on steps involved in fertilization of an angiosperm plant.
5) What is endosperm. Explain the types.
6) Differentiate the structure of Dicot and Monocot seed.
7) Give a detailed account on parthenocarpy. Add a note on its significance.

2 and 3 Mark Questions (Book Inside Questions)

1) Draw and label the parts of T.S of mature another.
2) Write any three practical applications of polyembryony. 3) What is apomixis?
4) Draw and label the parts of Ovule. 5) Explain the different types of tapetum.
6) Define. Phalaeophily. 7) Define. Psychophily.
8) Define. Malacophily. 9) Define. Ornithophily.
10) Define. Chieropterophily. 11) Define. Myrmeocophily.
12) Draw and label the parts of Embryo sac.
13) Draw and label the parts of the Seed cut opened
14) Draw and label the parts of the Mature dicot embryo.
15) Draw and label the parts of the Heart shaped dicot embryo.
16) Draw and label the parts of the Globular dicot embryo.
17) Draw and label the parts of the Mature dicot embryo in a seed.
18) Draw and label the parts of the Monocot Seed L.S.
19) Draw and label the parts of polyembryony - embryo sac. 20) What is pollinium.
5 Mark Questions (Book Back questions)
1) Enumerate the characteristic features of Anemophilous plants.
2) Enumerate the characteristic features of ornithophily flowers.
3) Explain the pollination mechanism in Salvia.
4) Explain the different types of entry of pollen tube into the Ovule
5) Describe the different types of Ovules with suitable diagrams.

Prepared By:
C NATARAJAN M.Sc., M.Phil.,M.A.,M.A.,M.Ed.,DCHI,DCA
P G ASSISTANT IN BIOLOGY
P A K PALANISAMY HR SEC SCHOOL
OLD WASHERMENPET
CHENNAI 21
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 12 Std - Bio Botany
Chapter 2 Classical Genetics
Important questions
2 and 3 Mark Questions ( Book Back Questions)
1) Name the seven contrasting traits of Mendel.
2) What is meant by true breeding or pure breeding lines / strain?
3) Give the names of the scientists who rediscovered Mendelism.
4) What is back cross?
5) Define Genetics.
6) What are multiple alleles
7) What are the reasons for Mendel’s successes in his breeding experiment?
8) What is meant by cytoplasmic inheritance?
5 Mark Questions ( Book Back Questions)
1) Explain the law of dominance in monohybrid cross.
2) Differentiate incomplete dominance and codominance.
3) Describe dominant epistasis with an example.
4) Explain polygenic inheritance with anexample.
5) Differentiate continuous variation with discontinuous variation.
6) Explain with an example how single genes affect multiple traits and alleles the
phenotype of an organism.
7) Bring out the inheritance of chloroplast gene with an example.
2 and 3 Mark Questions (Book Inside Questions)
1) What do you know about pleiotropy?
2) Define Atavism.
3) Why Mendel has chosen Pisum sativum for his experiments?
4) Bring out the importance of variations.
5 Mark Questions (Book Inside)
1) Explain Incomplete Dominance with an example.
2) How does the wrinkled gene make Mendel' s peas wrinkled?
Give Molecular Explanation.

Prepared By:
C NATARAJAN M.Sc., M.Phil.,M.A.,M.A.,M.Ed.,DCHI,DCA
P G ASSISTANT IN BIOLOGY
P A K PALANISAMY HR SEC SCHOOL
OLD WASHERMENPET
CHENNAI 21

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 12 Std Bio Botany
Chapter 3 Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Important questions
2 and 3 Mark Questions (Book Back Questions)
1) What is the difference between missense and nonsense mutation?
2) Write the salient features of Sutton and Boveri concept.
3) How is Nicotiana exhibit self-incompatibility. Explain its mechanism.
4) How sex is determined in monoecious plants. write their genes involved in it.
5) Draw the diagram of different types of aneuploidy.

5 Mark Questions (Book Back Questions)

1) Explain the mechanism of crossing over.
2) What is gene mapping? Write its uses.
3) Mention the name of man-made cereal. How it is formed.

2 and 3 Mark Questions ( Book Inside Questions)

1) Define. Fossil Genes.

2) Write the differences between linkage and crossing over.
3) Write any three importance of crossing over.
4) Define. Mutation.
5) Define. Mutagens.
6) Define. Comutagens. Give an example.
7) Write the significance of ploidy.
8) Define. Multiple Alleles.
9) Write short note on Sonara 64
10) What is Recombination.
11) What is crossing over? In which stage it occurs in meiosis l ?
12) What is point mutation.
13) Define. Coupling or cis configuration.
14) Define. Repulsion or trans configuration.
15) Give the flow chart of Types of ploidy.

5 Mark Questions (Book Inside)

1) Write a note on polyploid.

Prepared By:
C NATARAJAN M.Sc., M.Phil.,M.A.,M.A.,M.Ed.,DCHI,DCA
P G ASSISTANT IN BIOLOGY
P A K PALANISAMY HR SEC SCHOOL
OLD WASHERMENPET
CHENNAI 21

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 12 Std Bio Botany
Chapter 4 Principles and Process of Biotechnology
Important questions
2 & 3 Mark Questions (Book Back Questions)
1) What are the materials used to grow microorganism like Spirulina?
2) You are working in a biotechnology lab with a becterium namely E.coli.
How will you cut the nucleotide sequence? explain it.
3) What are the enzymes you can used to cut terminal end and internal phospho
di ester bond of nucleotide sequence?
4) Name the chemicals used in gene transfer.
5) What do you know about the word pBR322?

6). Write the advantages of herbicide tolerant crops.

7). Write the advantages and disadvantages of Bt cotton.

8). Write the benefits and risk of Genetically Modified Foods.

5 Mark Questions (Book Back Questions)

1) How do you use the biotechnology in modern practice?

2) Mention the application of Biotechnology.
3) What are restriction enzyme. Mention their type with role in Biotechnology.
4) Is their any possibilities to transfer a suitable desirable gene to host plant
without vector? Justify your answer.5) How will you identify a vectors?
6) Compare the various types of Blotting techniques.
7) What is bioremediation? give some examples of bioremediation.

2 & 3 Mark Questions (Book Inside Questions )

1) Name the enzymes involved in Genetic Engineering.

2) Explain the types of vectors.
3) Define. Zymology.
4) Write any three Algae which is used for the production of SCP.
5) Write any three Bacteria which is used for the production of SCP.
6) Write any three Fungi which is used for the production of SCP.
7) What are palindrome repeats?
8) Differentiate primary and secondary metabolites.
9) Define. Plasmid.
10) Differentiate Exonuclease from Endonucleases
11) Comment on ELISA.
12) Define. Biopriracy. Give its examples.
13) Define. Biopharming. Give its examples.
14) What is Algal Biofuel.
15) What is LacZ?
5 Mark Questions (Book Inside)
1) What is Single Call Protein? Mention its application.
2) What are the steps involved in Recombinant DNA Technology?
3) Explain the role of Agrobacterium as a vector in gene transfer.
4) What do you mean by Biopriracy. Explain Biopriracy in Neem, Turmeric and
Basmati Rice.
5) Describe the RNA Interference.

Prepared By:
C NATARAJAN M.Sc., M.Phil.,M.A.,M.A.,M.Ed.,DCHI,DCA
P G ASSISTANT IN BIOLOGY
P A K PALANISAMY HR SEC SCHOOL
OLD WASHERMENPET
CHENNAI 21

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 12 Std Bio Botany
Chapter 5 Plant Tissue Culture
Important questions
2 and 3 Mark Questions (Book Back Questions)

1) How will you avoid the growing of microbes in nutrient medium during
culture process? What are the techniques used to remove the microbes.
2) Write the various steps involved in cell suspension culture.
3) What do you mean Embryoids? Write its application.
4) Give the examples for micro propagation performed plants .

5 Mark Questions (Book Back Questions)

1) Explain the basic concepts involved in plant tissue culture.
2) Based on the material used, how will you classify the culture technology?
Explain it.
3) Give an account on Cryopreservation.
4) What do you know about Germplasm conservation. Describe it.
2 and 3 Mark Questions (Book Inside Questions)
1) Define. Cybrid.
2) Define. Totipotency.
3) What is called Somatic hybridization?
4) What is Explant?
5) Define. Agar.
6) List out the different types of Plant Tissue Culture.
7) Define. Sterilization. How will you sterlize the Culture room?
8) Differentiate Somoclonal variations and Gametangial variations.
9) How are artificial seeds produced?
10) Write the Advantages of Artificial seeds.
11) What is PEG? Write its uses.
12) What is Patents?
13) Write any three secondary metabolites produced by plants.
14) Write note on Hardening Techniques.

5 Mark Questions (Book Inside)

1) Write the Applications of Plant Tissue Culture.
2) Give the diagrammatic representation of different stages of protoplast culture.

Prepared By:
C NATARAJAN M.Sc., M.Phil.,M.A.,M.A.,M.Ed.,DCHI,DCA
P G ASSISTANT IN BIOLOGY
P A K PALANISAMY HR SEC SCHOOL
OLD WASHERMENPET
CHENNAI 21

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