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What Is A Full Subtractor

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17 views

What Is A Full Subtractor

Uploaded by

riddhipatel5820
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Full subtractor

What is a Full Subtractor?


It is an electronic device or logic circuit which
performs subtraction of two binary digits. It
is a combinational logic circuit used in
digital electronics. Many combinational
circuits are available in integrated circuit
technology namely adders, encoders,
decoders, and multiplexers. We are going to
discuss its construction using half subtractor
and also the terms like truth table. The
designing of this can be done by two half
subtractors, which involves three inputs
such as minuend, subtrahend, and borrow,
borrow bit among the inputs is obtained
from the subtraction of two binary digits and
is subtracted from the next higher-order pair
of bits, outputs as difference and borrow.
The full subtractor block diagram is shown
below.
Full subtractor
Full Subtractor Circuit Diagram with
Logic Gates
The circuit diagram of the full subtractor using
basic gates is shown in the following block
diagram. This circuit can be done with two half-
Subtractor circuits. In the initial half-
Subtractor circuit, the binary inputs are A
and B. As we have discussed in the previous
half-Subtractor article, it will generate two
outputs namely difference (Diff) & Borrow.

The difference o/p of the left subtractor is


given to the Left half-Subtractor circuit’s.
Diff output is further provided to the input of
the right half Subtractor circuit. We offered
the Borrow in bit across the other i/p of the
next half subtractor circuit. Once more it will
Full subtractor
give Diff out as well as Borrow out the bit.
The final output of this subtractor is Diff-
output. On the other hand, the Borrow out of
both the half Subtractor circuits is
connected to OR logic gate. Later than
giving out OR logic for two output bits of the
subtractor, we acquire the final Borrow out
of the subtractor. The last Borrow out to
signify the MSB (a most significant bit).

Full Subtractor Truth Table


This subtractor circuit executes a
subtraction between two bits, which has 3-
inputs (A, B, and Bin) and two outputs (D
and Bout). Here the inputs indicate
minuend, subtrahend, & previous borrow,
whereas the two outputs are denoted as
borrow o/p and difference. The following
image shows the truth table of the full-
subtractor.

Inputs Outputs
Borro Borro
Minue Subtrah w Differe w
nd (A) end (B) (Bin) nce (D) (Bout)
0 0
0 0 0
0
0 1 1 1
Full subtractor
1
0 1 0 1
1
0 1 1 0
1
0 0 1 0
0
1 0 1 0
1
1 0 0 0
1 1
1 1 1

K-Map
The simplification of the full subtractor K-
map for the above difference and borrow is
shown below.

The equations for the difference as well as


Bin are mentioned below.
Full subtractor

The expression for Difference is,

D = A’B’Bin + AB’Bin’+ A’BBin’ + ABBin

The expression for Borrow is,

Bout = A’Bin + A’B + BBin

Applications
Some of the applications of full-
subtractor include the following
 These are generally employed for ALU
(Arithmetic logic unit) in computers to
subtract as CPU & GPU for the applications
of graphics to decrease the circuit
difficulty.
 Subtractors are mostly used for performing

arithmetical functions like subtraction, in


Full subtractor
electronic calculators as well as digital
devices.

 These are also applicable for different


microcontrollers for arithmetic subtraction,
timers, and the program counter (PC)
 Subtractors are used in processors to
compute tables, addresses, etc.
 It is also useful for DSP and networking

based systems.
 These are used mainly for ALU within

computers for subtracting like CPU & GPU


for graphics applications to reduce the
complexity of the circuit.
 These are mainly used to perform

arithmetical functions such as subtraction


within digital devices, calculators, etc.
 These subtractors are also appropriate for

various microcontrollers for timers, PC


(program counter) & arithmetic subtraction
 These are employed for processors to

calculate addresses, tables, etc.


 The implementation of this with logic gates

like NAND & NOR can be done with any full


subtractor logic circuit because both the
NOR & NAND gates are called universal
gates.
From the above information, by evaluating
the adder, full subtractor using two half
Full subtractor
subtractor circuits, and its tabular forms,
one can notice that Dout in the full-
subtractor is
Full subtractor

Full
subtractor
Full subtractor
accurately similar to the Sout of the full-
adder. The only variation is that A (input
variable) is complemented in the full-
subtractor. Thus, it is achievable to change
the full-adder circuit into a full-subtractor by
just complementing the i/p A before it is
given to the logic gates to generate the last
borrow-bit output (Bout).

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