530 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS! Total load, W=w.b=9x5=A5KN= 45000) Bonding sess, f= 7 Nin? Contral deflection, ym 1 em = 10 mam Value of Bo 1108 Ninn Let ‘= Width of beam is mm and = Depth of beam in mm MOL 1.8 Using equation (12.10, wo get nek On 384 5 o +5 5, 45000 x 5000! x12 = bel 1x10" «10 1878906 » 10? ment “ ‘The maximum bending moment for a simply supported beam carrying a uniformly die tributed load ia given by, at (Gs Wew =Total load) 19005 150005090 Naam . 3 " enshout Nis Now eng th bendag conse Mf 75 sasaso00 aa e (-tesos=f Dividing equation (0 by equation (i, we get 238.906 x 107 $38506 10" 564.58 mm, Ans. 2410714285 cae Substituting this value of in equation (i), we get 2 x (964.58 = 24107142.85 2410714285 285 181.56 mm. Ans. 36458" DEFLECTION OF BEANS 531 aa— Problem 12.7. A beam of length 5 m and of uniform rectongular section is supported at itn ends and carries uniformly distributed load over the entire length. Caleulate the depth of the Section ifthe maximum permissible bending stress is 8 Nim! and central deflection is not t2 eroeed 10 mm. Take the value of E = Sol. Given Length, Bonding stress, Central deflection, ‘Value of | Let W =Total load aad d= Depth of beam ‘The maximum bending moment fora simply supported beam carrying a uniformly dis- tributed load is givan by, 2x 104 Nim G Wewd “a [Now using the bending equation, Eee or Me ues ‘Equating the two values of BM., we got Wak 180 @ loxsl _ 1287 Lxd Lxd [Now using equation (12.14), we get ii) or we ( ye = 10 ma one W = rm) or Led, “5, 1285000" BBE 10x ~ 384“ 10 «12x10 3472.em. Ans. 12.1. MACAULAY'S METHOD. ‘The procedure of finding slope and deflection for a simply supported beam with an ceeentric point load as mentioned in Art. 12.6, is a very laborious, There isa conveniont method for detsrmining the deflections of the beam subjected to point loads.a2 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS OSS "This method was devised by Mr. M-H. Macaulay and is known as Macaulay's method ‘This method mainly consists in the special manner in which the bending moment at any sec- tion is expressed and in the manner in which the intogrations are carried out 12.7.1, Deflection of a Simply Supported Beam with an Eecentrie Point Load. A simply supported beam AB of length Z and carrying s point load W at a distance ‘from left ‘support and at a distanco’®’ from right support is shown in Fig. 12°7."The reactions at A and B are given by, we We R= and Bp a Fig. 32.7 ‘The bending moment at any section between A and C at a distance x from Ais given by, Wb My Ryxs~ ‘The above equation of B.M. holds good for tho values ofx between O anda’ ‘The BM. at any section between Cand B at a distance x from A is given by, ‘The above equation of B.M. holds good for all values of x between x = @ and x = b ‘The BLM. forall sectione of the beam ean be expressed in a single equation written 35 -We-a) @ ‘Stop at the dotted line for any point in seetion AC. But for any point in section CB, add ‘the expression beyond the dotted line also, "The BM. at any section is also given by equation (12.3) as 4) ul) sv) DEFLECTION OF EAS 583 ‘ubere C; is a constant of integration. This constant af integration should be written after the firet torah Also the Brackets are tobe integraced as a whole. Hence the integration of (« ~ a) will (era 2 e and not <-— ax be = Integrating equation (iv) ones again, we get ena? 2 8 whore Oy is another constant of integration. This constant is written aftor Cyr. The integration ww of (eal? willbe (2=# ‘This type of intogration is justified as the constant of integrations Cy and C, are valid for all values of x ‘The values of C, and C, are obtained from houndary conditions. The two boundary eon- ditions are : ()Ats=0,y=Oand W@Ave=1,9=0 (i) Ata, x= O and y = 0. Substituting these values in equation (o) upto dotted line onty, wo get 0=0+040, +0 (i) AtB,x=L andy = 0, Substituting these values in equation (0), we get iy Webes! Web (pa ps re) io 2 -*) ‘Tas equation (ei gives tho slope at any point inthe beam. Slope is maximum at A or B. ‘Tofind the slope a A. subsitaiex =O nthe above equation upto dotted line as pont Ales 2e ws egy 0-8 gays at Ano, Pearse ( ) Wo os Hb gay ww (as given before) Bei534 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS Substituting the values of C, and G, in equation (0), we get Wtf Me asleve | Mucor ten pipette Marajese | Maa? ‘stint gat yin i a nn eens snsr ba e gueandae ecto spateh art 2 ota = ea (at 24 8 By. Me ete? aa bam TGP ator) ” wet ne no sae or) Note. While using Macatlay’s Method, the ecction » isto bo taken in the last portion of the bem, Problem 12.8. A beam of length 6 mis simply supported at its ends and carries a point load of 40 RN at a distance of 4 m from the left support. Find the deflection under the load and mosximum deflection, Also ealeulaie the point at which maximum deflection takes place. Given MM.OL of beam = 7.38 x 107 mn! and B= 2 x 108 Nimmt, Sol. Given: Length, Point load, Distance of point load from left support, L~a=6—4=2m-= 2000 mim Deflection under the loa ings ® Maximum deflection e Lat Using equation 4000» 4000" » 20008 Baek 10" «7.83 » 10" x 6000 9.7 mm. Ans. Problem 12.9. A beam of length 6 m is simply supported at its ends and carries to point loede of 4 HN ond 40 BN ata distance of I me and'3m respectively from the left support Find ©) deletion under eock oad, (ci) maxima deflection, and (st) the point at which maximum deflection occurs Given B= 2% 10° Nims and I= 85% 10° ra ERECTION OF BEAMS 535 Sol. Given [= 85 «10° mm' j E = 2 10 Nimint Firat coleulato the reactions R, and Ry. ‘Taking moments about A, we get Ry x6=48x1440%8 168 y= 4 228k Ry =Total load = Ry = (48 + 40)~ 28 = 60 KN saan aout i re Fig. 128 Consider the section in the last part of the beam (ie, in length DB) at a distance x from the left support A. The B.M. at this section is given by, = 4060-1) | = 4060 -) 6a | = 48er-2) | -40t—~3) Integrating the above equation, wo get dy 600 ew ay 08 0 ag BAU gg Bo tec, | Rae ne | - 209-98 © Integrating the above equation agai, we got 20 oo 2000-3 osc, ise Bes td ‘To find the values of C, and C,, use two boundary conditions. The boundary conditions (ate=0,y20, and Gi) arx=6my=0. @ Substituting tho first boundary condition i.e, ab x = 0, 9 = 0 in equation (i) and considering the equation upto fist dotted line (as = 0 ios in the first part of tho beam), we gat 4040, 2 Cpa i) Substituting the second boundary condition ie, atx = 6 m, y = 0 in equation (i) and considering the complete equation (as x = 6 lies in the last part of the beam), we got or o526 ‘STRENGTH OF MATERIALS oy a0 So abattating te vee, ond Cn eqtin Gwe gt i) (a) Deflection under first toad ie, at point ©. This is obtained by substituting x = Lin ‘equation (it) upto the first dotted line (as the point C lies in the first part ofthe beam). Hence, wwe get 10 x 19 168,83 x1 40- 163.39 = ~ 153.88 kNm* = 158.83 x LO" Nm ~ 153.88 x 108 x 10° Nom? 18.39 x 10! Nine? =16999 «10 | ~16883%10" % a 2 10° «85 x10" = 9.019 mm. Ans. (ogative sign shows thet deflection is downwards). () Deflection under second load i. at point D. This is obtained by substituting x = 3 m in equetion (it) upto the second dotted line (as the point D les inthe second part of the besm) Hence, we got Ely, Blyp= 10 x 5% 163.88 x3 - 88-18 270 ~ 489.99 - 64 = ~ 288.99 kNin? 288.99 % 1022 Name 72899910" 90" 2108 1 85 x 10° Gi) Maximus Deflection. Te deflection i likely to bo maximum at-a section between C ==16.7 mm. Ans. sn or sina ees, sl ese Hoc qe dh gut el tr shen at ia perenen oe Set sahat alae a * ors arabe ‘heave ato sande guton Hans sion 48.= J48? 44 xB 187. 2x6 = 2.87 m, (Neglecting — ve root) ‘Now substituting + 2.87 m in equation (ii) upto the second dotted line, we got maxi mur deflection as a Digg = 10 £2.87 ~ 163.38 « 287 - 802 = 236,39 ~ 468.75 ~ 52.31 = 284,67 RNm? =~ 284.67 x 10! Ninm? 284.87 x 10" Be 10" 385 x 10 16.745 mm. Ans. DEFLECTION OF BEANS 537 Problem 12.10. A beam of length 8 m ie simply supported at ite ende. It carries a uni Formly distributed load of 40 Nim as shown in Fig. 12:9. Determine the deflection ofthe beam fat its mid-point and also the position of maximum deflection and maximum deflection. Take E = 2% 10 Ninn! and 1 = 4. % 10° mit Sol. Given Length, L=8m Ud, We 40 kN. Value of B= 2x10 Neom™ ‘Value af T=43x 10° mma! First ealeulate the reactions , and Ry, ‘Taking moments about A, we got Ry x8 ‘Total load ~ Ry = 40% 4~ 60 = 100 EN In ordor to obiain the goneral expression for the bending moment at a distance x from. the loft ond A, which will apply for all valuos of x, it ie necessary to extend the uniformly, distributed load upto the support 2, compensating with an equal upward load of 40 kN/n over the span DB as shown in Fig. 12.10. Now Macaulay's method can be applied ioe ig 40 ‘The BAM, at any section ota distance «from ond A is givon by, efter | -ax-x 852 | s4oxe-sx S52 a z z 2 Br2'y «ton | -20@-1" § +206-6F a Intorating the above equation we got dy 100s" 20ix- D* 5 ae i +20 @ ar 0 50, 7 «538 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS Integrating again, we get # n= D* 20 (x ~ 54 sty =50 4 orc, | -20eeDt |, mew! 2 Be aed Se oe a5 cere | -Semt i eBo we we where C, and C, are constants of integration. Thoir valuos are obtained from boundary condi tions which are @atx=0,y=0 and Gi) ats=8m,y=0 ) Substituting x = 0 und y = 0 in equation (i) upto frst dotted line (as first part AC of the beam), we get lies in the toxere, — o00 own Di inotam ce de yecesi0 Fate (© G20 wana a0, an.ees 8 ‘oie? one or ac, or ~ 588.88 Substituting the value of G, and C, in equation i, we get ,-2%. snase ( Deconat e cere By substituting.» = 4 m in equation (iif) upto second dotted line, we get the deflection at the centre. (The point x= 4 les inthe eecond part (.e,, CD) of the beam. Seay fy Sg eay Seem i Seow sy ty Bea sanet Sao! wi 100 Sat sio.60s 10010 Nou 1401.66 x 10? 140166 x 10"? =-1628 nm dowasard Ae © Paton of masinan etn ‘hen arnt oe even Cad. er matin enh sap sto Hons equating the lp vob otion pe send dali i to zor, we gat oe 100 40,-2 ga 0= 60st 580.39 -eazte— 1? ro) ‘The above equation is solved by trial and error mothod. DEFLECTION OF BEANS 539 Let , then REL. of equation (i) += 50 ~ 588.83 - 6.667 x 0-=- 533.33, 0 x d = 588.93 - 6.667 x 1 = $90.00 136.69 +3658 when x =4 then RS. is , then RS, 3, thon RILS, Gv), when x = 8 then RLS. is negative b positive, Hence exact value ofx lies between 3 and 4. Lat x= 3.82, thon RHS, = 60x 3.82— 589.33 6.607 (2.82— 1)? » 729,63 - 583.93 - 149.51 = - 3.22 Let x = 8.89, then RES. 50 > 8.83 ~ 583.35 = 6.667 (9.83 ~ 18 = 799.445 — 588.88 - 151.1 =- 0.99 ‘The RLS. is approximately zero in comparison to the threo terms (ie, 738.44 and 151.) ‘Value of x = 3.88. Ans. Hence maximum deflection will be at « distance of 3.83 m fiom support A. (6) Maximum deflection Substituting x = 9.89 m in equation (if) upto second dotted line, we get the maximum ‘deflection [the point x = 9.83 lies in the second part i.e, CD of the bear.) 3.38 1404.69 10" 2x10 4.3% 10 Problom 12.11. An overkonging beam ABC is loaded as shown in Fig. 19.12. Find the slopes over each support and at the right end. Find also the masimum upward deflection be ‘tween the supporis and the deflection atthe right end. Take E =2 x 10% Ninn! and I = 5 x 108 mmt. 16.38 mm. Ans. Yrs Rig 2a Sol. Given Point load, W=10kN Value of E=2x 10° Nim? Value of 1=6% 10° mmt First ealeulate the reaction 2, and Bp ‘Taking moments about A, we set Ry x6=10x9540 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS y= 829 asia y= Toa load Ry = 10-19 =— 54 Hone the eaction wl bin the dwar ietion Hon Pig. 12.1 wil be modi ie au shown in Fg. 12.12: Now write down an expression far the Bn tha lat seton of the beam, ig 1212 ‘he BAM. at any section ata distance rom te appari ven by, Le ayae | Rx e-6) te | 4-6) ‘ Integrating the above equation, we got 4 a ae Integrating again, we get 21 Sano? tw Sry eset fee cae reins or cae tp Seeger sandy =O eqn apn cose a ee ec Ties in the first 050x041 C, o-0 (ii) Substituting x =6m and y «0 in equation (ii) upto dotted line (ae x = 6 lies in tho rst part AB of the beam), we get x00, x640 G=0 6 =~ 5x96 +60, ai and sie) DEFLECTION OF BEAMS sa (a) Slope over the support A By substituting x = 0 in equation (ii) upto dotted line, wo got the slope at support A (the point x = O lies in the frst part Alf of the beara), aj--5 x030=s00%nt« & aan) x 1000 Ne (. % 1000 % 10 Nye? = 30 x 10° Nea? _ 20x10" 010" Bel “3x10 6x1 = 0.0003 radians. Ans, () Slope et the support B By subetitating x= 6 m in equation (i) upta dotted line, we get the slope at support B (the point x = 6 Hes in the first part AB of the beam). mm aa 3 oy ) 162-562 300- 90420 (-$aa-«) 60x10" __~ 60x10" “EXT "2x10 x 5x10" 04008 rds ane (Sinetron inet By using == 8 m nonin in gee ep CT thc, compte cuanto kth inte sb mcs te Let en ae ee Hac (240-8) tires 2294304 8 eg? 105 x 10° 2105 x 10° ExT "2x10 55x 10" ote radi aan (@) Maximum upscard deflection between the supports Formas sum deflection between the supports, & ‘should be zero. Hence equating the slope given by the equation (i) to be zero upto dotted line, we get ° 5 ays 2 t+ 80 =~ Se? +60 (@ or set = 60 or x= Po VB -a.46em Now substituting x = deflection as 464 m in equation (io) upto dotted line, we get the maximum Elypgg =~ 2 * 84618 +30 x 3.468 ole542 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS fe nna = ~ 94.698 + 108.92 = 69.282 Nm? += 69,282 x 1000 10° Ninn = 69,282 10"? mm? 69282 x 10" nae = Dx 10 x5 x 10" = 0.6928 mm (upward). Ans. © Deflection at the right end ie, at point © By substituting » = 9 min equation (i), wo get the deflection at point C. Here complete ‘equation is tobe talten ag point x= 9 m lios in the last part of the beam, Ely, 8 coiesn0$ 0-08 = 270 x 10% %eo= 3x 10" x5 x 10" Fm onwards 808 Problem 1238 em inate mfx onesie hl endond te hr ee ee acne pct tangent aoe edna fe nh of moan Tied ci Nn and 201 nt Pata, tal, Pintle th sas tl Pig. 1218, ‘Taking moments about A, we got 2 xontnsx(3+2) 1040 Ryx8=4x3%(2+3) 108 152 ye caren ana eel oad Ry = 24-27-9481) DEFLECTION OF SEAMS 843 Negative sign shows that 2, will be acting downwards. In order to obtain general ex pression for the bending moment at distance x from the left end A, which will apply for al) ‘values of, its necessary to extend the uniformly distributed load upto point C, compensating ‘with an equal upward load of lkN/m over the span BC as shown in Fig. 12,14. Now Macaulay's method can be applied. wou 4 lo fo so om — a oK0 hyena vig. 1214 ‘The BAM, at any section ata distance «from the support Ais given by, ey @-9 Le ae_w E22 Shes | te 9 ESP erye6) Hae 8 wate | wana! sane 0) | +me-6 Integrating the above oquition, we get dy 3s 2-3: | atte 6)" | 2tr-6i Mae ee 2 3 Integrating again, we get ye * conse, | 2G: | ME-OF : 26-0" ee 2g torte 4 208 a @ a (e- 3) 2 3 L or piy=-2 0x40, | - Boo fs hea a Biya 2 +0246, 7 Se-0? | abe or an where C, and C, are constant of intogration. Their values are obtained from boundary cond tons which are (ate =0,y=0and (il) at e=6m,y=0. ( Substituting the x = 0 and y = 0 in equation (i) upto firat dotted line (as x =O ies in the first part AD of the beam), we get 40,2040, C=0 n equation (i) upto second dotted line (as x = 6 ies in (Gi) Substituting x = 6 andy the second part DB of the beam), we ge st @-a FC x640~ 121.5 + 60, Substituting the values of C, and C, in equations (i) and (i, we get ny & 2-39: Te ge 2 mI ee ee) 2 Ly ay egy "i and ry=-Ss20axx'| -2e-ae || + Se-or 69 iu)544 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS. io an (@) Slope at the point C By substituting x = 9 m in equation (i), we got the slope at C. Here complete equation {s to be taken as point x = 9 m lies in the last part of the beam. ‘® woot («Ba e-%e) 1085.75 x10" Fe 10" «5x i0® stage xo +2008 % =0.0010575 radians. Ans. (@) Deflection at the poine C By substituting x = 9 m in complete equation (iv), we got the deflection at C. * 1 2 1 © .soasns- 2-24 20-0%+ 2-08 3645 + 19025-2164 12154 135 268.25 kin? ~ ~ 253.25» 102 Nom? 95396 10! 2x10" x5 x 10° Problem 12:1. A horizontal beam AB is simply supported ot A and B, 6m gpart. The earn is subjected to ¢ clockwise couple of 800 kn at a distance of 4 m from the left end. as shown in Fig, 12.15, If E=2 x 10° Nim? and = 2 10% mm’, determine deflection at the point where couple is acting and i) the moximam deflection. Eley, Ye* =-2.6325 mm. Ans. Fig. 1215 Sol. Given Length, L=6m Couple 300 EN Value of B= 2x 10° Nome Value of 1=2% 10 mmé First calculate the reactions R, and Ry, ‘Taking moments about A, we get maeato yet sonst) and Hyco ied— 0-508 (© Thee dn bam) = 50 KN DEFLECTION OF BrANS ea Negative sign shows that Ris acting downwards as shown in Fig. 12.16, Fy #5018 Fig 1218 ‘The BM. at any soetion at a distance x from A, is given by uty sor | +300 =50e | + 800-4)? Integrating the above equation, we got & 50x? a ee © Integrating again, we get 802%, b , 300 a" By Oe vege, | 4 Mele +150 - 4 «iy where C, and C, are constants of integration. Their values are obtained from boundary condi tions which are! @ate=0,y=0 and 2 Bee Oy i) atx =6 mandy =0. (@ Substituting x =O and_y = 0 in equation (u) upto dotted line, we get 02046,x04C, = G=0 Gi) Substituting x= 6m and =O in complete equation (i), we got 25 0-- 8 ote 6,x6+04 1500-47 = 1800 +60, + 609 c= BOM xn Subettutng he values efC, and Cin equation (i), we ge 2s Bly =- 9.006 | 150-4 (:€,=0) ai (Dotan 3 Byoaing in tien Gadel iw gh tin ©. % Le szo00s sear iou Nec 266,67 « 10" Bx 10° «2x 10" Elye Ye 6.66 mm upwards. Ans.546 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (Gi) Maximum deflection First find the point where maximurn deflection takes place, ‘The maximum deflection is 4 likely to oosur in the larger segment AC of the beam. For maximum deflection $° should be oro, Henee equating the slope given by equation (#) upto dotted line to zero, we get -2saineo * Js 0 [@-2x im Now substituting x = 2x 2 in equation (i) upto dotted lino, we got the maximum Aetlection, BT Yggg == x C2 SEP + 20012 « VB) == 188356 + 965.68 ©7732 kN? ~ 97.12 «10! Nev? 3771210" nos = =STE2210" 9,428 mm upwards. Ans. noe B10? x 2 10 128, MOMENT AREA METHOD Fig 12.17 shows a heam AB carry prea = Moe Ing some type of loading, and hence sub- jected to bending moment as shown in Fig. 12.17 (a). Let the beam bent into AQ,P,B as shown in Fig. 12.17 0). ‘Duo to the load acting on the beam. at A be a point of zero slope and zero deflection Consider an element PQ of small length de at a distance x from B. The corresponding points on the deflected beam are P,Q, aa shown in Fig. 12.17 (6) Let R= Radius ofcurvature of de- ected part P,Q, = Angle subtended by the are P,Q, at the centre O ‘Me Bending moment between Pand@ P,C = Tangont at point P, Q,D = Tangent at point Q ‘The tangent at P, and Q, are cut ‘ ting the vertical line through B at points \, Cand D. The angle between the normals Rig. 1217 at P, and Q, will be equal to the angle DEFLECTION OF BEAMS or between the tangents at P, and Q,. Hence the angle between the lines CP, and DQ, will bo equal toa, For the deflocted part P,Q, of the beam, we have P.Q,= Rao Bat P,Q, de ‘de = Rao . “ Bat for a loaded Substituting the values of 2 in equation (), we got dx Mde i “at iu Sinz th pe a point Ais absrod sao hone total slope a is obaed byntgrat- ing he above cypationbtwoon th nite ant ide Df on ar ahh But Bs represent the an of. Magram of length dx Hence [Ms cepresnts ‘he aro BM digo baboon A and But 0 = slope at B Slope at By = Areaof B. Ml diogram between A and B ° EI Ifthe slope at A is not zero then, we have “Total change of slope betwoon B and A is equal to the erea of B. M. diagram between B and A divided by the flexural rigidity EP” Area of B.M. between A and B 6, 12.35) or ae i 1348) "Now the deflection, due to bending ofthe portion FQ, is given by dy = x0 Substituting the value of d8 from equation (i), we got ads Ait) Er ‘Sinco deflection at A ia azsumed to he zero, hence the total deflection at B is obtained by integrating the above equation botweon the limits zero and . [82-2 flaca her But x x Afr represents the moment of area of the BM. diagram of length dy about point B.548 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS, iagram between B and A Hence (°28tereprtents the momento arn af the BM about B, This is equal tothe total area of BLM. diagram between B and A multiplied by the distance ofthe C.G. of the BM. diagram area from B. 024) where A= Area of BML diagram hetwoen 4 and B = Distance of €.. of the area A from B. 128, MOBR'S THEOREMS ‘The results given by equation (12.15) for slope and (12.17) for deflection are known as ‘Mohe's theorems. They are state as : The change of stope between any two points is equal te the net area of the BLM. diagram between these points divided by ET. UL. The total deftection hetween any two points is equal to the moment of the ares of BM, diagram between the two points about the last point (ie., B) divided by ET. ‘The Moht's theorems is conveniently used for following cases : 4. Problems on cantilevers (zero slope at fixed end). 2. Simply supported beams carrying symmetrical loading (zero slope at the centre). 8. Beams fixed at both ends (zero slope at each end). ‘Tho BM. diagram isa parabola foruni- 9 formly distributed loads. The following prop- erties of area and centroids or parabola are given as, Let BC =d AB=b In Fig, 12.18, ABC is parabola and ABCD is a surrounding rectangle. Let Ay = Area of ABC =, = Distance of C.6. of fromAD c Ky, k———__ » ———4 Fig. 1218 ofA, fom AD CG, of area Ay .G, of area Ay 4, 1 = Area of parabola ABC |, Area ACD = Area ABCD ~ Area ABC 2 aged ebxd- ba bxd-2bd= 3 DEFLECTION OF BEANS 59 12.10, SLOPE AND DEFLECTION OF A SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM CARRYING A POINT LOAD AT THE CENTRE BY MOHR'S THEOREM Fig. 12.19 @) shows a simply supported AB of length L and carrying a point load W at the centre of the beam iz, at point C. The BM. diagram is shown in Fig. 12.19 (6). This is a ‘ase of symmetrical loading, hence slope is zero atthe cenive ie, at paint C. ‘But the deflection is maximum at the centre. | i ° Fig. 1219 ing Mohy's theorem for slope, we get | | | See fee A arm bey Aan But area of BA, diagram between A and C warn of triangle ACD hk We We Pa" i wet Shope ata ore, = WE ow using Moki’ tearm fr dalecion, we ge from equation (12.17 ae ae a where A= Aros of BM. Diagram between A and C we 6 Distance of C0. of area A trom A Ta Lk I "3°23550 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS 12,11, SLOPE AND DEFLECTION OF A SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM CARRYING A UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD BY MOHR'S THEOREM Fig, 12.20 (a) shows a simply supported boam AB of length L and carrying a uniformly Aistributed load of witmit length aver the entire span. The B.M. diagram is shown in Fig. 12.20 (@). This ie a caso of symmetrical loading, hence slope is zero at the centre ie, at point C. be 1 et aan ° BIA Dis Pig. 12.20 (D Now using Mohy’s theorem for slope, we get te = Arnot BM cagram between A and C But area of B.M. diagram between A and C = Area of parabola ACD A on 5 Slope at Gi) Now using Mohr’s theorem for deflection, we get from equation (12.17) as Pee ET whore A= Area of BLM. diagram between A and wi DEFLECTION OF BEANS 351 WIGHLIGHTS 1, Tho rolation batween curvature, slope, deflection te. ata eection is given by Deflection = y ‘As deflection i vry small, hence slope Is also given by = tan 0 «8. 2% Slope ot the supports of simply supported beam carrying a pint load at the centre i given by where W=Polnt load atthe centre, L = Longth of beam E = Young's modulus, 1201 8. The deflection a the eentse of simply supported beam carrying a point load at the centre ie 7 ws given by 0 ~ Gaay 4. The spe and deflection ofa simply supported beat, carying «uniformly distebuted oad of dohni length over the entire span, ae given by, WE a, swe {10° oer 4 20° Seq Br 5: Macaslay’s method is sod in finding slopes and defections at any pont of « been, fa. his method (Brackets ave to he integrated aa whol (Gi Constants of intgrations are writen aftr the ie ton, (i) The setion, for which BM. equation is obo write, ehould be tak in the last part ofthe team. ty 6. Fc auasiamusa deletion, Une saps i oro, de 1. The slope at point # if slope ol is oro by moment-eros method is given hy, __ Atea of BM. diagram betwoon A and B EL 5 nent area method it given by a: whore A = Area of BM. diagram betwoon A and B 5H = Distance of CG. of area fom 2.582 ‘STRENGTH OF MATERIALS [DEFLECTION OF BEAMS 583 EXERCISE 12 (A) Theoretical Questions Derive an expression forthe slope and defection of beam subjected to uniform bending mo- ment. rove th latin ht ar where M-= Banding moment, & = Young's modulus, = MO. Find an expression for the slope at the supporta of a simply eupported beam, carrying point fd atthe contre rove that the deflection atthe cantre ofa simply supported eam, earrying @ point toad at the wet contr, is given by yg = WE ress ven by Ye Sap where W = Point load, L = Length of beam. Find an expression forthe slope and deflection ofa stinply supported beam, carying a pol lad Waka distance a’ fom lft eupport and ata distance 8 fur right support where a>, rove that the sloge and deflection ofa simply supported beam of length L and earnying wn fauzly distributed load of wo per unit longs over Use entire length see given by we eanire = 8 WE REE, and Detection at centre = hase W = Total load = w «Ze ‘What ea Macaulay's method ? Where it ucod? Find an expression fr deflection at any ection of a-simply supported beam with an eecetrie point load, using Macaulay's methed, ‘What is momsent-area method ? Wher i it conventetly used ? Find the slope and defletion of 4 simply supported beam carrying a) point Toed at tho contre and (i) uniformly distributed Toad ver the entire length using moment-areamaethod (B) Numerical Problems A wooden bosm 4 m long, simply supportad at its ends, s carrying a point load of 7.25 KN at lus contee. The cross-section ofthe bear is 140 mn wide and 240 mum deep. IE forthe beam (6 10° Nin, find tbe defecton athe centre. Ans. 10 ma] 4A. besms & m long, simply supported at ite end, earzios a point loed W atts contr. Ifthe slope st ‘he ends of the beam ie nt to excaed I" find the defection at the centre of the beam, (Ans. 23.08 mm Determine: (i slope a the lft support, i} deletion under th load and (li) maximum defer tion of a simply supported eam af length 10 m, which is carrying @ point load of 10 KN at & Aistance 6m fom the lof-end “Take B= 2x 10 Nan? and 2= 110° mm‘, (Ans, 0.00028 rad, 0.98 min and 0.985 me ‘beam of uniform rectangular section 100 mm wide and 240 rom deep is simply supported a its tenis Ie earties& uniformly distibuted load of 9,128 Wim run over the entire span ofr. Find the deflection at the contre EE = 1.1% 10" Nina TAns. 801 mn) 4. best of length 4.8 m and of anifrm rectangular section is simply supported at its ends. It tarves n uniformly dstebuted load of 9.375 Nim run over the entize length, Calculate the ‘width and depth ofthe beer if permissible bending tres 57 Nimm? and meximum deflection isnot to exeved 0.95 em. "Take B for beam material = 1.05 x 10 Nim Solve problom 3, using Macaulays method. Slope st supports EL (Ans. 5 = 240 mn and d= $38.8 men) 7. A beam of length 10m is simply supported at its ends and cari two point loads of 100 &N and {80 EN at a distance of 2m and 6m rospestvaly from the lof support. Caleulate tho deflections tander each lend. Hind also the maximum deflection. ‘Take f= 28 x 10? ma! and E = 2 » 20° Nine? (Ans. i) — 4:35 mm (i) ~ 6.78 mm (i) yg, =~ 8.78 mn) B.A beam of length 20 m is simply supported at Ss onde and caries to point loads of KN and AOL at a distance of 8 m and 12 m from lft and respectively. Calculate (i) deflection under ‘ch load (i) maximum deflation ‘Take B «2.x 10° Nim? and f= 1x 108 rant, [Ans, @) 10 rom and 10.6 downwards, (2) 11 mm) ‘8 A beam of length 6 m is simply supportad at Its ends (eearres 2 uniformly distributed load of 10 kim as shown in Fig. 1.21. Determine the deflocton of tho Boum atts mid-point snd aleo ‘the position and the maximum deflection ‘Take Bl 45 x 10° Nim? [Anne = 2678 mim, = 2.91, yygg =~ 2582 cam A04Nm a rr rT 6m Fig. 1221 10. A beam ABC of length 12 metre has one support at the left end and other support ata distance (of Sm fom the left ond. ‘he boar carrcs a point load of 12 kN at the right end as shown in Fig. 12.22. Find the slopoe over each support ond atthe right end, Find elec tho deflection at tho right end Tako Be 2% 108 Nines and T= 5 10% ment Ane 8, Fig. 1222 AL, Aur oveonngng bain ADC is oud as aban tn ly, 12.89. Determine the deflection of the ‘beam at point C- ‘Take B =2. 10° Nam and = 5% 10° mm (Ans. x, == 4.16 mn) au Fig. 12.28, 412, Aboam of span 8 m and of uniform Aecural rigidity BY = 40 MNon®, is simply supported at its nda, [teatrie a uoiformly dstrbnted load of 15 kN run over the entiro span. Te is also Sbjected toa clockorse mamneat of 160 Nm ata distance of m from the left support. Celeulate ‘the slope of the beam at th point of application of the moment. [Ans. 0.0061 rad)13 Deflection of Cantilevers 13.1. INTRODUCTION cantilever isa beam whose one end is fixed and other end is free. In this chaptor we snbjecestss fe methods of Guding slope and deflection for the antlevers when they ane fipdicted to various types of loading. The important methods aro.@) Double integrate necong £2 Macaulay's method and Gi) Moment-area-method. These methods have san bese weet ot finding deflections and slope of the simply supported beams 182, DEFLECTION OF A CANTILEVER WITH A POINT LOAD AT THE FREE END BY DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD radars AB of longth L fixed a the point A and free atthe point B and carrying a Fea oa ase fee end B is shown in Fig, 13.1. AB shows the position of eantiloces bates ‘ny load is applied whereas AB’ shows the psitian ofthe cantilever after baaina, bo ff cal Fig. 18.1 painsider« section X, at a distance x fr tho fixed end A. The BM. at this ection ie sven by, M=- Woes) (Minus sign due te hogging) But B.M. at any section is also given by equation (12.3) as a men nr Eauating the two valuas of BM, Ste ot 122 2 Woe wee We a Integrating the above equation, we got @ 555 DEFLECTION OF CANTILEVERS Integration again, we get wet @E sesse, “ Bly pig tOn+G, ‘where C, and C, are constant of integrations. Their valuos are obtained from houndary eondli- =0,% y= 2=0, 2 {At the fixed end, deflection and slopes are zero] ,¥ = 0 in equation (i, we get 920404040, = C29 Eoin quaint On 0404C, + C,=0 Substituting the value of C, in equation (), we get eB ons tions, which are : (@) at x @ By substituting = Gi) By substituting. Ai) llcltlen alae taal see cree se eo ec 2 Me a siy=- we 24 BE dats) sto) 78) Ae tin ion ects e La oy sshyeat or en Bie, (2) = gen se Dalcn hee ea cesta gor and i equation, we st E10, ue 13.) ET Negative sign shows that tangent at B makes an angle in the anti-clockwise direction with AB we (18.14) 2ET ®856 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS. DEFLECTION OF CAHTUEVERS 587 (8) Substituting yp for y and x = in equation (iv), we get : wy 189 xen spss hat een omar Downward dcetin, p= 22 cao 18.3, DEFLECTION OF A CANTILEVER WITH A POINT LOAD AP A DISTANCE ‘a! FROM THE FIXED END Acentilever AB of length fixed at point A and free at point B and carrying a polnt load Wata distance ‘a’ from the fixed end A, is shown in Fig. 18.2 fet Fig. 182 = Slope at point Cie., Le Qo" Slope at point Cie, (SE Yo = Deflection at point © ‘yp = Deflection at point B ‘The portion AC ofthe cantilever may be taken as similar to a cantilever in Art, 13.1 (Le, load at the free end, Wa* tga We (tn qquatin (18:1 A) change 6) and oe (in uation (15:24) change Lt) ‘The boar will bend only between A and C, BM, betwoon C and Bis zero Since the portion CB ofthe cantilever is straight, therefore Slope at © = slope at B cz o,= Wet fi 'e* a> opr Now from Fig. 18.2, we have Ia=Ior OkL~e) Wa? | Wa? 2B a-o ut from C to B it will romain straight since 08.8) Wat Sc Br ) Problem 18.1. A cantilever of eagth 3 m ie corrying a point load of 25 AN at the free end. If the moment of inertia of the beam = 108 min’ and value of B = 2,1 x 108 Nimm?, find (@ slope ofthe cantilever at the free end and (i) deflection at the fre end. Sol. Given Length, Point load, MOL, T= 10 ram Value of B = 2.1 x 108 Nim? (@) Stope at the free end is given by equation (13.1 4). WE __ 25000 x 3000" DBT ~ Be Qin 10" «10 ~ (Gi) Deflestion at the free end is given hy equation (182A), WE 250003000 Yo> SEE” 3x21 x10? x10" 7 Thm Ans. Problem 13.2, A cantilever of length 3 m is earcying a point load of 60 kN at a distance of 2m from the fized end. If T= 10! mm! and K =2 10° Nirmné, find (i) slope at the free end ‘and (it) deflection at the free end. 005857 rad. Ans. Sol. Given Length, L=3m=3000 mm Point load, W= 50 kN = 60000N Distance between the load and the fixed end, a= 2m-= 2000 mm MOL. [= 10° mmé Value of E = 2.» 10" Nia? @) Slope at the fhee end is given by equation (13.8) a8 Wa? 5000020008 BET” 22x 10° x10" (di) Deflection at the free end is given by equation (18.4) as D = 0.005 rad. Ans. 500002000 500002000" 3555 agg Bx Bx 10 x10" ” Du Dn 10 x10" =067+5.0=1L67mm. Ans. 13.4, DEFLECTION OF A CANTILEVER WITH A UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD A cantilever AB of longth L fixed at the point A and free at the point B and carrying a uniformly distributed load oft per unit length over the whole length, is shown in Fig. 13.3. Consider a section X, at a distance x from the fixed end A. The B.M, at this section is sven by, w,=-wa-». 2 (ins sign due to hogging)558 [STRENGTH OF MATERIALS Pe. 133 But BM, at any section i lao given by equation (12.9) 28 wow 22 a Baquaing the two values of BM, wo get wy. # gay £5 aa Tategrating the above equation, we get ey Eevee, faerie eae et =f u-o +e, i 2 yw +0 Integrating again, we get w Gxt <2 Ea nsogee, Bye D4 Oe+O, Pa teogsc, «i Ba-atron+e, where C, and C, are constant of integrations. Their values are obtained from boundary condi- (aa the deflection and slope at fixed oy tons, which are :() atx =0, y= 0 and ii at x = 0, end A are 22r0) @) By substituting: 0,9 = 0 in equation (2), we get 0. Buono, wit - dy and {& <0 in oquation @), we get 1d $= 0 im equation (), we get Gi By substituting seg wet =o +0,= +0, DEFLECTION OF CANTILEVERS 869 ‘Substituting the values of C, and C, in equation (i) and (i), we get Wye we 2 -$a-m- 2 iti) w wD wl ane ao Bet Ee Gu) a By a 5b aoe ee iv) ‘The equation (ii) is known as slope equation and equation (iv) as deflection equation. From these equations the slope and deflection can be obtained at any sections, To find the ‘slope and dafloction at point B, the veluo of x = L is substituted in these equations. a path en nd Bis, ($2) a8 ‘p= Deflection at the free ond B. From oquation (i), we got slope at B ae Let 5 6eI ~~ GBT From equation (iv), we get the deflection at B as 136) Problem 13.8. cantilever of length 2.5 m carries a uniformly distributed load of 28” EI” BEI IGALN per metre length over the entire length. Ifthe moment of inertia ofthe beam % 10" mm’ and value of E =2 x 10° N/mi?, determine the deflection at the free end. 95 Sol. Given : Length, = 2.5 mm = 2500 mm ual, w= 16.4 Nim ‘Total load, We wxL = 164 x25 = 41 KN = 41000 N Value of 127.95 x 107 mm* Value of B= 2x 10° Nimm? Let ‘= Deflection at the free end, Using equation (18.6), we get pe HE #0 25008 8° BET © Bx 2x 10 «795% 10" = 5.036 mm, Ans. Problem 194. A cantilever of length 3 m carries a uniformty distributed load over the entre length. If the deflection at the fee end ts 40 mm, find the slope ot the fee endOF MATERIALS ao sTHENGTH te papery Ung equation (13.8), et a WH? «LL _ WE? x 3000 = 410~ SEr ‘SEI WE 40%8 o + “ET” 3000 ‘Slope at the free end is given by equation (13.5), ope WE MED a 0.01777 rad. Ans. ee Problem 19.4 (A). A cantilover 120 mm wide and 200 mm deep is 2.5 m ia the uniformly distributed load which the beam can carry in order to produce a deflection of mm at the free end ? Take B = 200 GN mt. (Annamalai University, 1981) Sols vee we, tae Dent cdi ot Coase 251000 #2500 mm meiecist Berea aera Tere avec? = 2m x10 Nt GeO Bosse be 1111060 mn Moment ier, tet so wblniy dered oad perm length in 8 Wa Taal loed oe ie iin ma) tbs 25xwx ‘aig equation (18.6, we go we a> Ber 25 «25008 Tuan 10% 8x10" DEFLECTION OF CANTILEVERS 5x 8x2x10° x3 10" 25% 2500° = 16.884 Nim. Ans. 18.5. DEFLECTION OF A CANTILEVER WITH A UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD FOR A DISTANCE ‘a’ FROM THE FIXED END. A cantilever AB of longth L fixed at the point A and free at the point B and carrying 2 uniformly distributed load of w/m length for a distance ‘a! from the fixed end, is shown in Fig. 13.4 ‘The beam will bond only between A and C, but from C to B it will vemain straight since B.M. botwoon C and B is zero. The deflested shape ofthe eantilever is shown by ACTH in which portion CB is straight. 5 (2) et eersineat, se, (2) a0 ye Deflection at pint, and doe Dalton at pint 2 ie 104 ‘ae portion AC ofthe eantlever may be taken es sinlar toa cantilever in Art. 194 {Un equation (12.8) put and in equation (13.6) put L Since the portion C'B’ of the cantilever is straight, therefore slope at C= alope at B al as Now from Pig. 13.4, we have Yn" ye +0 La) 13.8) 18.6. DEFLECTION OF A CANTILEVER WITH A UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD FOR A DISTANCE ‘a’ FROM THE FREE END A cantilever AB of length L fixed at the point A and free at the point B and carrying ‘8 uniformly distributed load of w/m length for a distance ‘a’ from the free end is shown In Fig. 13.5 @).62 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS ‘The slope and deflection at the point B is determined by considering, (@ the whole cantilever AB loaded with @ uniformly distributed load of w per unit length, as shown in Fig. 135 0). 7 (ii) a part of cantilever from A to C of length (Z.~ a) loaded with an upward uniformly distributed load of w per unit length as shown in Fig. 13.5 (0 Fig. 135, ‘Then slope at B = Slope due to downvvard uniform load over tho whole length = slope due ta upward uniform load from A to C and deflection at B= Deflection duo to downward uniform load over the whole length = deflection due to upward uniform load from A ta C, (a) Now slope at B due to downward uniformly distributed load over the whole length (Slope at B or at C due to upward uniformly disteibuted load over the length (~ ar a3) i Problem 18.10. A cantilever of length 4 m carries uniformly varying load of zero pop a+ Ce + Oy i) intensity atthe free end, and 60 kN atthe fed en. where C, and C, are constant of intorations. Thtr values are obtained from boundary eondi- IPB =20% 108 Nimm? and I= 1 mn, find the slope and defection atthe ro end. tions, which are Sol. Given: “ = 4m = 4000 mm ela tales anwsen, Zee Long b=4m 00 Cy entings =O andy =O noon i, we Lidl ficken, 2508 = 252298 5 © walt 2 EOF eC, e040, oF Cy Value of Be 2x 10Ninm? 201 un Vue ot 1 iota (a By substituting x «0 and 2 » On equation (, we et let 44, Slope at the free ond and w si, ~ Deflection athe fre ond gee ors ey (0 Using equation (12.10, we get ult I 0, wt, 5014000" e907 read. Ane C1 aL 28 '8-~ QUET ~~ Bax 2x 108 x10" ~ ee Substituting the values of ©, and C, in equations (and (i, we get ow wt . a 2 aay «i 50 «(4000 ae” 240 ms 30 x2 108 x10" aa ipa gas Eg wt ce) Problem 13.11, A cantilever oflength 2m carries a uniformty varying load of 26 ANim - o> Tor 2 ** 120 the frecend to 75 kNin ot the fixed end. FE ~1 x 10° Nim and = 10° mint, determine the ‘The equation (i) ie known as slope equation and equation (i) as deflection equation. sto ceneaiciay me cetheae elas pee, ‘Tho slope unl deflection atthe free end Ge, point 8) canbe obtained by substituting x= Lin — these equations 2 Tensth, = 2m=2000 mn et = Slope atthe free ond Bie, Cee eet ass nooo oad at the free end = 25 kN = 2920 95 ‘yp = Deflection at the free end B.570 ‘STRENGTH OF MATERIALS Load at fixed end flue of Bea 110° Nimm* Value of T= 10 mt. ‘The load acting on the cantilever is shoven in Fig, 18.10. This load is equivalent to a uniformly disteibuted load of 25 kin (or 25 Nimm) over the entire length and a triangular load of zero intensity at free end and (76~ 25 = 50 kiNim or 50 Nimm) 50 Ninm atthe fixed end. Fig. 15.10 (4) Slope at the free end Let 6; = Slope at free ond due to wi of 25 Némm 8; = Slope at free end due to triangular load of intensity 50 Niimm at fixed end. ‘The slope at the free ond dus to ud. of 25 Nimm (ie, w = 25 N/mm) is given by equa- tion (18.8) a& wL* oe Gere 9, 252000 _ * Bx 1x10 x10" ‘The slope at the free end due to triangular load of intensity of 50 Nim (i. 150 N/mm) is given by equation (13.11) as wii * 2agT 50x 2000° ~ Bh 1x10 10 = 0.00167 rad. ‘Total stope at the free end =o, 1 = 0.0022 + 0.00167 ~ 0.00497. Ans. Gi) Deflection at the free endl Let 9; = Deflection at the free ond due to wil, of 5 Niu ‘5, Deflection at the free end due to triangular load. ‘Using equation (13.11), we qt deflection at the free end due to u.dl. ult 252000 28° BET ~ Bz1x 108 x10" Using equation (19.12), we got deflection at the free end to uniformly varying load of ‘ero at: the free and amd 50 N/mm at the fixed end. 150 «2000 Bx 110" 10 and. 25) 0088 rad. % (Here. =60 N/mm) =Sum =2.67 mm DEFLECTION OF CANTILEVERS sn Weft ‘Total deflection at the free end 59, +9) =5 42.67 = 7.87 mm, Ans. 138, DEFLECTION AND SLOPE OF A CANTILEVER BY MOMENT AREA METHOD ‘The moment area method is discussed in Art. 12.8, where this method was applied to a simply supported beam, Let us apply this method to a cantilever. According to this method the ‘change of slope between any two points is equal to the net area of the B.M, diagram between, these two points divided by ET. Ione ofthe points is having zero slope, then we ean obtain the slope at the other point. ‘Similarly if the deflection at a point A is zero, then the doflection at the point B aceord- ing to this method is given by pd EI where A = Arva of BM. disgram between A at F = Distance of CG. of the area A from B. 18.8.1, Cantilever Carrying a Point Load at the Pree end. Fig. 13.11 (a) shows a cantilover of longth L fixed at end A and free at the end B, Tt carries a point load Wat B. Byand ont, 3M Diagram Fig. 18.1 ‘The BM, will be zero at B and will he WL ot A. The variation of BM. botwoon A and B is linear as shown in Fig. 13.11 @) ‘At the fixed end A, the slope and deflection are zere. us pe stoncs Rie, (2) ae ane tains B Then acing o mien rene, ‘isso Dag betwen Ann B Leanac are che tage APC 1 Senew ae eeore STRENGTH OF MATERIALS. DEFLECTION OF CANTILEVERS 673 2 where A = Area of B.M. diogram between A and B = Le Dimes f fee Bdge on B= HE WP ab 3 WD ae 13.82. Cantilever Carrying a Uniformly Distributed load. Fig. 13.12 (a) shows a cantilever of length L fixed at end A and free at the ond B. It carries @ uniformly distributed ete Toad of whan length over the entire length. ad Ut Lang ‘The BM, wil be zevo at B and C. But BM. at A will be “2 oer i between C and A willbe parabolic as shown in Fig. 18.6 (b. At the fixed end the slope and eerie deflection are zero 0 1, wat waa Area of BM, diagram A= 3.0, Bit ‘and the distance of the C.C. of BLM. diagram from B, ‘The varlation of BLM, 0M ciagam y Fo@-a4 Lb 7 4 Fig. 1312 Let 8p = Slope at Bie,, (B) 2 ana iia de. ‘The BM. will be zero at B and will be Y= at A, The variation of B.M. between A and ETatisesientieete z Thon ctordng to monent area method, Bis pacabli as shown i Fg. 1.22 6) A the ined end A, the slope and deflection are zero, Pane ites ata og Ae to Area of B.M. diagram (ABC), A. gk + = EL” GET 7 At _ wa 3a w.at snd the distance ofthe C.0. ofthe BM. diagram from B, y= #42 fa-0s¥] 0 the C0. ofte Ba aa tom 8 a ve B= 8S [a-o Ml] a aL Peoblem 13.124 contlover of length 2 m carries a point load of 20 AN et the re end # and another load of 20 kN at its centre. If B — 10* Nfwun® and I= 10° mun fur the vantitever Lat = Stoo at ie, (42) anaae then determine by moment area method, the wage and deflation ofthe cantilever ot the rec ) nd sip Deflection at B Sol. Given ‘Then acording to moment area method, Length, L=2m ‘Area of BM. diagram _ wh? | ‘Load at free end, W, = 20 kN = 20000 are R eee nad at entre, W,=20EN= 20000 N Az wi 3b wilt Value of E = 105 Nium?* and Ye* Ey > Gar a 7 SET Value of 7108 mm* 13.8.3. Cantilever Carrying a Uniformly Distributed Load upto a Length ‘a’ Bie bel pare fae from the Fixed end. Fig. 13.13 (a) shows a cantilever of length L fixed at end A and free at the end B. [¢ carries a uniformly distributed load of w/unit length over a length ‘a’ from the fixed end. BM. at = 20% 1 =~ 20 kNin =~ 20x 10% x 10* Ninn674 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS. DEFLECTION OF CANTILEVERS. 875 BM. atA 20% 1-202 BM. diagram is shown in Fig. 18.14 (). = 60 kin = = 60% 168 x 102 Nimm 8 Dayan me ‘ote sro o BM. agra vide he Fig 18.14 nto to tangles and one seta : Tee Now sree a,2d xen sce} x20x1 Saban? = 105 10 18 Na? Dios hem Sinai aren Ay CD xAC= 2051220 Nn? and roa Aye cro bP ate 020 Nat ‘Total area of BM. diagram, A= A, 4A, +A, = 10+ 20 +20 = 50 KNm* 50% 102 108 Nimm® Gs m= 10% mm) Slope and deflection at the fixed end is zor. Let Gg = Slope at the free end B. ‘Then according to the moment area method, ‘Area of B.M.disgram &a EL 150 108 x 108 Sih = 9.005 radians. Ans. Let ‘yp = Deflection at the free end B. ‘Thon according to moment area method, az ue Ze “ Now lot usfind # or AZ, ‘Then total moment of the bending moment diageam about B is given by AL BAS +AE, +AEy ids(2et}29«(04 : st0s(1-2) Ce m= 10° mm?) = 7x10 Nmmt ‘Substituting this value in equation (i), we get 7x10 93> FoF HIGHLIGHTS se mes ie, Bor afer etna aa enh lt din ath een thn hp ni a tn on he ed en ‘hon itearres «uniformly datibuted ind over the whole length wea® whens carries uniformly distributed lod over a length Gar "trom the xed ond w(L-a)* whan it carries a uniformly distributed load over a GET dstanoe “a rom the foe end when it carries a gradually varying loa from zero atthe fres end to liven ran a fixed end. te = Uniformly distributed load, = Langth of beam, Tm Moment of norte, and B= Young’ rodulus. 2 The detection ie. y ofa cantilever of length L, at the free end is given by, we nen the point losd ig at the ve en« y= MZ when the point oad five end Wo? , Wa! yg) whan te pint ods a distance uf fon the Joe zer* ger EO Baad ond wt iy = SE soho iv caries a uniformly dis over the whale len = ormly distributed load th wat when it caries wniformly disteibuted load over a 20> Sar Tength “a from the fixed ond,