COMPLEX NUMBERS

Chapter 02 43

COMPLEX NUMBERS

(b) Subtraction :
1. INTRODUCTION TO COMPLEX NUMBERS
z1 – z2 = (a + ib) – (c + id)
A number of the form a + ib, where a, b Î R and i = -1 , is = (a – c) + (b – d) i
called a complex number and is denoted by ‘z’. (c) Multiplication :
z1 . z2 = (a + ib) (c + id)
z = a + ib = a (c + id) + ib (c + id)
2
¯ ¯ = ac + adi + bci + bdi
Re z Im z = ac – bd + (ad + bc) i
2
(Qi = –1)
(i) If a = 0, then z is called a purely imaginary number.
(d) Division :
(ii) If b = 0, then z is called a purely real number.
z1 a + ib a + ib c - id
(iii) If b ¹ 0, then z is called an imaginary number. = = .
z 2 c + id c + id c - id

NOTES : æ ac + bd ö æ bc - ad ö
=ç 2 2 ÷
+ç 2 2 ÷
i
èc +d ø è c +d ø
1. Integral Powers of iota (i)
3. CONJUGATE, MODULUS AND ARGUMENT OF
ì 1; r=0 A COMPLEX NUMBER
ï i; r =1
ï
i 4k + r =í 3.1 Conjugate of a Complex Number
ï-1; r=2
ïî-i; For a given complex number z = a + ib,
r=3
its conjugate ‘ z ’ is defined as z = a – ib
2. a b = a b only if atleast one of either a or b is 3.2 Argand Plane
non-negative. A complex number z = a + ib can be represented by a
unique point P (a, b) in the Argand plane.
3. Real Numbers are a subset of complex numbers. (R Ì C)

2. ALGEBRA OF COMPLEX NUMBERS

2.1 Equality of complex number

a + ib = c + id
Ûa=c&b=d
2.2 Let z1 = a + ib and z2 = c + id be two complex numbers
where a, b, c, d Î R and i = -1 .
(a) Addition :
z = a + ib is represented by a point P (a, b)
z1 + z2 = (a + ib) + (c + id)
= (a + c) + (b + d) i
COMPLEX NUMBERS
44

3.3 Modulus and Argument of a Complex Number

If z = a + ib is a complex number

(i) Distance of z from origin is called modulus of complex

number z.

It is denoted by r = z = a2 + b2
(ii) Here, q i.e. angle made by OP with positive direction of real NOTES :
axis is called argument of z. It is denoted by arg(z) or amp Argument is not defined for 0.
(z).
4. PROPERTIES OF MODULUS, ARGUMENT AND
NOTES : CONJUGATE
1. z1 > z2 or z1 < z2 has no meaning but |z1| > |z2| or |z1| < |z2|
holds meaning. 1. (z) = z

2. |z1 - z2| represents distance between z1 and z2 on Argand 2. z + z = 2Re z Þ z + z = 0, if z is purely imaginary
Plane.
3. z - z = 2i Im(z) Þ z = z , if z is purely real
3.4 Principal Argument
4. z1 ± z2 = z1 ± z2

The argument ‘q’ of complex number z = a + ib is called

æz ö z
principal argument of z if –p < q £ p. 5. z1z 2 = z1 z2 and ç 1 ÷ = 1 z 2 ¹ 0
è z 2 ø z2
b
Let tan a = , and q be the principal argument of z. 6. | z | = 0 Þ z = 0
a
7. zz =| z |2
COMPLEX NUMBERS
45

7. VECTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF A COMPLEX

z1 z
8. | z1 z 2 | = | z1 | | z 2 | ; = 1 NUMBER
z2 z2
Every complex number can be considered as if it is the
9. | z | = | z | = | -z | position vector of that point. If the point P represents the
complex number z then,
10. | z1 ± z2 |2 = | z1 |2 + | z 2 |2 ± 2 Re (z1 z2 )
® ®
OP = z & ½ OP ½ = ½z½.
=| z1 |2 + | z2 |2 ±2 | z1 || z2 | cos q1 - q 2

11. ||z1| - |z2|| £ | z1 + z2 | £ | z1 |+ | z2 | (Triangle Inequality) 8. DE-MOIVRE’S THEOREM

12. ||z1 | - | z2 || £ | z1 – z2 | £ |z1 | + | z2 | (Triangle Inequality) Case 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
13. | az1 – bz2 | + | bz1 + az2 | = (a + b ) (| z1 | + | z2 | ) (i) If n is an integer, then
14. amp (z1 . z2) = amp z1 + amp z2 + 2 kp ; k Î I (cos q + i sin q)n = cos (nq) + i sin (n q)
(ii) (cos q1 + i sin q1) (cos q2 + i sin q2)..........(cosqn + i sinqn)
æ z1 ö = cos (q1 + q2 +......+ qn) + i sin (q1 + q2 +.....+ qn)
15. amp ç ÷ = amp z1 - amp z2 + 2 kp ; k Î I
è z2 ø
Case 2
16. amp(zn) = n amp(z) + 2kp ; k Î I If n is a rational number (but not an integer),
n can be written as p/q, where p,q, Î I and q ¹ 0
17. amp z = -amp z + 2kp, k Î I
p/q æ 2kp + pq ö æ 2kp + pq ö
cos q + i sin q = cos ç ÷ + i sin ç ÷
5. POLAR/TRIGONOMETRIC FORM OF A è q ø è q ø
COMPLEX NUMBER where k = 0, 1,2,3, ....., (q - 1)

9. CUBE ROOTS OF UNITY

3
Roots of the equation x = 1 are called cube roots of unity.
3
x – 1=0
2
(x – 1) (x + x + 1) = 0
2
x = 1 or x +x+1=0

a = r cos q & b = r sin q; -1 + 3i -1 - 3i

i.e x= or x =
1 2
424 3 1 2 3
424
where r = |z| and q = arg(z)
w w2
\ z = a + ib
= r (cos q + isin q) = r cis q -1 + i 3 -1 - i 3
(i) The cube roots of unity are 1 , , .
2 2
6. EULER’S FORM OF A COMPLEX NUMBER (ii) w3 = 1, w3r = 1, w3r+1 = w, w3r+2 = w2 (rÎI)
iq (iii) If w is one of the imaginary cube roots of unity then
z = re is known as Euler’s form; where
1 + w + w² = 0.
r =|z| & q = arg(z) (iv) In general 1 + wr + w2r = 0 ; where r Î I but is not a multiple
of 3.
COMPLEX NUMBERS
46

(v) In polar form the cube roots of unity are : NOTES :

2p 2p 4p 4p 1. We may take any n consecutive integral values of k to get

cos 0 + i sin 0 ; cos + i sin , cos + i sin th
3 3 3 3 ‘n’ n roots of unity.
th
(vi) The three cube roots of unity when plotted on the argand 2. Sum of ‘n’ n roots of unity is zero, n Î N
th
plane constitute the verties of an equilateral triangle. 3. The points represented by ‘n’ n roots of unity are located at
(vii) The following factorisation should be remembered : the vertices of regular polygon of n sides inscribed in a unit
circle, centred at origin & one vertex being on +ve real axis.
x2 + x + 1 = (x - w) (x - w2) ;
a3 - b3 = (a - b) (a - wb) (a - w²b) ; Properties :
a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a + wb) (a + w2b) ;
If 1 , a1 , a2 , a3 ..... an - 1 are the n , nth root of unity then:
a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc = (a + b + c) (a + wb + w²c) (a + w²b + wc)
(i) They are in G.P. with common ratio ei(2p/n)

10. IMPORTANT IDENTITIES (ii)

p p p é0, if p ¹ k n
1p + a 1 + a 2 + .... +a n - 1 = ê where kÎI
2 2
ë n, if p = k n
(i) x + x + 1 = (x–w) (x–w )
2 2 (iii) (1 - a1) (1 - a2) ...... (1 - an - 1) = n
(ii) x – x + 1 = (x + w) (x + w )
2 2 2
(iii) x + xy + y = (x–yw) (x–yw ) é 0, if n is even
(iv) (1 + a1) (1 + a2) ....... (1 + an - 1) = ê
2 2
(iv) x – xy + y = (x + wy) (x + yw )
2 ë1, if n is odd
2 2
(v) x + y = (x + iy) (x – iy)
é-1, if n is even
3 3 2 (v) 1 . a1 . a2 . a3 ......... an - 1 = ê
(vi) x + y = (x + y) (x + yw) (x + yw ) ë 1, if n is odd
3 3 2
(vii) x – y = (x – y) (x – yw) (x – yw )
2 2 2 2 2
(viii) x + y + z – xy –yz – zx = (x + yw +zw ) (x+yw + zw) NOTES :
2 2
or (xw + yw + z) (xw + yw + z)
or
2
(xw + y + zw ) (xw + y + zw).
2 sin nq 2 æ n +1 ö
(i) cos q+ cos 2q+ cos 3q+ .....+ cos nq= cos ç ÷ q.
3 3 3 2 sin q 2 è 2 ø
(ix) x + y + z – 3xyz = (x + y + z) (x+wy+w z)
2
(x +w y+wz)

NOTES : sin nq 2 æ n +1 ö
(ii) sin q + sin 2q + sin 3q + ..... + sin nq = sin ç ÷ q.
sin q 2 è 2 ø
If z1 is a root of a polynomial with real coefficients, then z 1 is

also one of its roots.

12. SQUARE ROOT OF A COMPLEX NUMBER
th
11. ‘n’ n ROOTS OF UNITY Let x + iy = a + ib , Squaring both sides, we get
n 2
Solution of equation x = 1 is given by (x + iy) = a + ib
2 2
i.e. x – y = a, 2xy = b
2kp 2kp
x = cos + isin ; k = 0, 1, 2, ..., (n – 1) By using relation
n n
(x2 + y2)2 = (x2 - y2) + 4x2y2
æ 2kp ö
iç
n ø
÷ ; k = 0, 1, ....., (n – 1) we can find x2+y2 and then solve x2+y2 and x2 -y2 to get
=eè values of x and y.
COMPLEX NUMBERS
47

we obtain (iii) |z – zo| > a represents exterior of this circle.

(iv) |z – z1| = |z – z2| represents ^ bisector of segment with
æ ö
a2 + b 2 + a b a 2 + b2 - a ÷ end points z1 & z2.
a + ib = ± ç +i
ç 2 |b| 2 ÷
è ø z - z1 ìcircle, k ¹ 1, k > 0 ü
(v) = k represents : í ý
z - z2 î^ bisector, k = 1 þ
13. ROTATION THEOREM
(vi) arg (z) = q is a ray starting from origin (excluded)
inclined at an Ðq with positive real axis.
(vii) arg (z - z1) is a ray starting from z1 (excluded) inclined at
an Ðq with positive real axis.
(viii) |z - z1| + |z - z2| = k is
(a) an ellipse with foci z1 and z2 if k > |z1 - z2|.
(b) Line segment joining z1 and z2 if k = |z1 - z2|
(c) No point if k < |z1 - z2|
(ix) ||z - z1| - |z - z2|| = k is a hyperbola if k < |z1 - z2|

NOTES :

To convert complex equation to cartesian equation, we can

replace z by x + iy.
® ®
1. If OP = z = r ei q then OQ = z1 = r ei (q + f) = z . e if.
14.2 Standard Results
® ®
If OP and OQ are of equal magnitude then (i) If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers, then the distance
® ®
between z1 and z2 is |z2 – z1|.
OQ = OP eif. Thus, to rotate a complex number z counter (ii) Segment joining points A (z1) and B(z2) is divided by point
clockwise by f without changing its magnitude, we multiply P (z) in the ratio m1 : m2
it with eif.
m1z 2 + m 2 z1
2. If z1, z2, z3 are three vertices of a triangle ABC described in then z = , m1 and m2 are real.
m1 + m 2
the counter-clockwise sense, then

z 3 - z1 AC AC ia | z 3 - z1 | ia m1 z2 - m2 z1
= cos a + i sin a = .e = .e For external division z = m1 - m2
z 2 - z1 AB AB | z 2 - z1 |

(iii) Centroid (z) of triangle with vertices z1, z2, z3 is given by

(Rotating AB about A by angle a to get AC)
z1 + z 2 + z3
z=
14. GEOMETRY OF COMPLEX NUMBERS 3

14.3 General Equations

14.1 Locus from inspection based on modulus, argument and
rotation (i) The equation of the line joining z1 and z2 is given by
(i) |z – zo| = a represents circumference of circle, centred at
z z 1
zo, radius a.
z1 z1 1 = 0 (non parametric form)
(ii) |z – zo| < a represents interior of circle
z2 z2 1
COMPLEX NUMBERS
48

Or (vi) If z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of an equilateral triangle where

z = z1 + t (z1 - z2), where t is a real parameter z0 is its circumcentre then

Or 1 1 1
(a) + + =0
z 2 - z3 z 3 - z1 z1 - z 2
z - z1 z - z 2
=
z - z1 z - z2
(b) z 12 + z 22 + z 23 - z1 z2 - z2 z3 - z3 z1 = 0
(ii) az + az + b = 0 represents general form of line.
(c) z 12 + z 22 + z 23 = 3 z 20
b Î R, a ¹ 0
(vii) If A, B, C & D are four points representing the complex
(iii) The general equation of circle is : numbers z1, z2 , z3 & z4 then
zz + az + az + b = 0 (where b is real number).
z4 - z3
AB ½½ CD if is purely real ;
Centre : (–a) & radius 2
| a | -b = aa - b. z 2 - z1

(iv) Circle described on line segment joining z1 & z2 as diameter

z4 - z3
is : AB ^ CD if is purely imaginary
z 2 - z1
z - z1 z - z2 + z - z 2 z - z1 = 0.
(viii) Two points P (z1) and Q(z2) lie on the same side or opposite
(v) Four pts. z1, z2, z3, z4 in anticlockwise order will be concylic, side of the line az + az + b accordingly as az1 + az1 + b and
if & only if
az 2 + az2 + b have same sign or opposite sign.
æ z - z4 ö æ z 2 - z3 ö
q = arg ç 2 ÷ = arg ç ÷
è z1 - z 4 ø è z1 - z 3 ø

æ z - z4 ö æ z 2 - z3 ö
Þ arg ç 2 ÷ - arg ç ÷ = 2np ; n Î I
è z1 - z 4 ø è z1 - z3 ø

éæ z - z 4 ö æ z1 - z 3 ö ù
Þ arg êç 2 ÷ç ÷ ú = 2np
ëêè z1 - z 4 ø è z 2 - z 3 ø ûú

æ z 2 - z4 ö æ z1 - z 3 ö
Þ ç ÷´ç ÷ is real & positive.
è z1 - z 4 ø è z 2 - z3 ø
COMPLEX NUMBERS 49

SOLVED EXAMPLES

Example – 1
10 - 10i + 5i - 5i 2
=
Express the following in the form of a + ib, a, b Î R, 25 - 25i 2
i = -1. State the values of a and b.
15 - 5i
=
i 4 + 3i 2+i 50
(i) 1- i (ii) 3 - i 1 + 2i
3 1
= - i
10 10
4i8 - 3i 9 + 3
(iii) (iv) (1 + i)6 + (1–i)3
3i11 - 4i10 - 2
3 1
here, a = , b=-
10 10
i 4 + 3i
Sol. (i) z =
1- i
4i8 - 3i 9 + 3
(iii) z =
3i11 - 4i10 - 2
4i + 3i 2 1 + i
= ´
1- i 1+ i
4.i 4 .i 4 - 3i 4 .i 4i + 3
=
4i - 3 1 + i 3.i 4 .i 4 .i3 - 4i 4 .i 4 .i 2 - 2
=
1 - i2
4 - 3i + 3
=
4i + 4i 2 - 3 - 3i -3i + 4 - 2
=
1+1
7 - 3i 2 + 3i
= ´
-7 + i 2 - 3i 2 + 3i
=
2
14 + 21i - 6i - 9i 2
7 1 =
= - + i 4 - 9i 2
2 2
23 15
7 1 = + i
here, a = - ,b= 13 13
2 2

23 15
2+i here, a = , b=
(ii) z = 3 - i 1 + 2i 13 13
6 2 3 2 3 3 3
(iv) (1 + i) = {(1 + i) } = (1 + i + 2i) = (1–1 + 2i) = 8i = –8i
3 3 2
2+i and (1–i) = 1 – i – 3i + 3i = 1 + i – 3i – 3 = –2 – 2i
=
3 + 6i - i - 2i 2 6 3
Therefore, (1 + i) + (1 – i) = –8i – 2 – 2i = –2 – 10i
here, a = – 2, b = – 10
2 + i 5 - 5i
= ´
5 + 5i 5 - 5i
COMPLEX NUMBERS 50

Example – 2
(1 + i) x - 2i (2 - 3i) y + i
Sol. + =i
3+i 3-i
1
Express in the form A + iB.
(1 - cos q) + 2 isin q Þ (1 + i) (3 - i) x - 2i (3 - i) + (3 + i) (2 - 3i) y + i (3 + i) = 10i

Þ 4x + 2ix - 6i - 2 + 9y - 7iy + 3i - 1 = 10i

1 1
Sol. Now, =
1 - cos q + 2i sin q q q q Þ 4x + 9y - 3 = 0 and 2x - 7y - 3 = 10
2sin 2 + 4i sin cos
2 2 2
Þ x = 3 and y = -1

q q Example – 4
sin - 2i cos
1 2 2
= ´
qæ q qö æ q qö
2sin ç sin + 2i cos ÷ ç sin - 2i cos ÷ Prove that : x4 + 4 = (x + 1 + i) (x + 1 – i) (x – 1 + i)
2è 2 2ø è 2 2ø
(x – 1 – i).

Sol. Consider R.H.S.

q q
sin - 2i cos = [(x + 1 + i) (x + 1 – i)] [(x – 1 + i) (x – 1 – i)]
= 2 2
qæ q qö
2sin ç sin 2 + 4 cos 2 ÷ = [(x + 1)2 – i2] [(x – 1)2 – i2)]
2è 2 2ø
= (x2 + 2x + 1 + 1) (x2 – 2x + 1 + 1)

= [(x2 + 2) + 2x] [(x2 + 2) – 2x]

q q
sin - 2i cos
= 2 2 = (x2 + 2)2 – (2x)2
qæ 2q ö
2sin ç1 + 3cos ÷
2è 2ø = x4 + 4x2 + 4 – 4x2 = x4 + 4 = L.H.S.

Example – 5
q
cot
1 2 Find the value of x3 + x2 – x + 22 if x = 1 + 2i
Þ A + iB = -i
æ qö q
2 ç1 + 3cos 2 ÷ 1 + 3cos 2
è 2ø 2 Sol. x = 1 + 2i
2 2
(x – 1) = (2i)

Example – 3 2
x – 2x + 5 =0
3 2 2
Find the real values of x and y for which the following Now, x + x – x + 22 = (x – 2x + 5) (x + 3) + 7
equation is satisfied
So, Putting x = 1 + 2i, we get :-
(1 + i) x - 2i (2 - 3i) y + i
+ =i. 3 2
x + x – x + 22
3+i 3-i
=0+7=7
COMPLEX NUMBERS 51

Example – 6 Example – 7

Find the modulus and amplitude of the following complex |z| £ 1, |w| £ 1, show that
numbers. 2 2
|z–w| £ (|z| – |w|) + (arg z – arg w)
2

(i) 3 + 2i (ii) 1 + i Sol. |z - w|2 = |z|2 + |w|2 - 2 |z| |w| cos (arg z - arg w)
= |z|2 + |w|2 -2 |z| |w| + 2 |z| |w| -2 |z| |w| cos (arg z - arg w)
Sol. (i) z = 3 + 2i here a = 3, b = 2
2 æ arg z - arg w ö
= | z | - | w | + 2 | z | | w | .2sin 2 ç ÷ ... i
\ |z| = 2 2 è 2 ø
a +b

= 3+ 2 2 æ arg z - arg w ö
2

\ | z - w |2 £ | z | - | w | + 4.1.1ç ÷ Q sin q £ q
è 2 ø
= 5
2 2
Þ | z - w |2 £ | z | - | w | + arg z - arg w
-1 æ b ö
amp (z) = tan ç ÷
èaø
Example – 8

-1
æ 2ö For z = 2 + 3i verify the following :
= tan çç ÷÷
è 3ø 2
(i) z = z (ii) zz = z

-1
æ 2ö (ii) z + z is real (iv) z - z is imaginary
= tan çç 3 ÷÷
è ø Sol. z = 2 + 3i

(ii) z = 1 + i here a = 1, b = 1 z = 2 – 3i

|z| = a 2 + b2 (i) z = 2 + 3i

= 1+1 Hence, z =z

(ii) z. z = (2 + 3i) (2 – 3i)

= 2
= 4 – 9 i2=13
-1 æ b ö
amp (z) = tan ç ÷ |z| = 4 + 9 = 13
èaø
Hence, z. z = |z|2

-1 æ 1 ö (iii) z + z = 2 + 3i + 2 – 3i
= tan ç ÷
è1ø =4
–1
= tan 1 Hence, z + z is a real number..

(iv) z – z = (2 + 3i) – (2 – 3i)

p
= (a, b > 0 I quadrant) = 2 + 3i – 2 + 3i
4
=6i

Hence, z – z is an imaginary number..

COMPLEX NUMBERS 52

Example – 9 z -1
(ii) w=
z +1
a + ib 2 a 2 + b2 As w is purely imaginary.
If x + iy = , prove that x 2 + y2 =
c + id c2 + d 2 Re (w) = 0
a + ib z -1 z - 1
Sol. x + iy = +
c + id w+w z +1 z +1 = 0
Þ =0 Þ
2 2
a - ib
\ x – iy =
c - id z -1 z -1 z -1 1- z
Þ =- Þ =
(Taking complex conjugate) z +1 z +1 z + 1 1+ z

a + ib a - ib Apply componendo-dividendo to get :

\ (x + iy) (x – iy) = ´
c + id c - id 1
z= Þ zz = 1 Þ | z |2 = 1 Þ | z |= 1.
z
2 2 2
2 2 2 a -i b
x –i y =
c2 - i 2 d 2 Example – 11

2 2 a 2 + b2 If z 1 and z 2 are two complex numbers such that

\ x +y =
c2 + d 2 1 - z1 z2
|z1| < 1 < |z2|, then prove that <1.
a +b2 2 z1 - z 2
2 2 2
\ (x + y ) =
c2 + d 2
Sol. Given, |z1| < 1 and |z2| > 1 ... (i)
Example – 10 Then, to prove

z -1 1 - z1 z2
(i) If | z | = 1, prove that z ¹ -1 is a purely <1
z +1 z1 - z2
imaginary number.
é z1 | z1 | ù
z -1 Þ |1 - z1 z2 | < | z1 - z2 | ... ii êusing = ú
(ii) If the number is purely imaginary, then prove êë z2 | z2 | úû
z +1
that | z | = 1. On squaring both sides, we get,
z -1 1 - z1 z2 1 - z1 z2 < z1 - z2 z1 - z 2 éë using |z|2 = zz ùû
Sol. (i) Let w=
z +1
Þ 1 - z1 z2 - z1 z 2 + z1 z1 z2 z 2 < z1 z1 - z1 z2 - z 2 z1 + z2 z2
æ z -1 ö æ z -1 ö
ç ÷+ç ÷ Þ 1+ | z1 |2 | z2 |2 < | z1 |2 + | z2 |2
w + w è z +1ø è z +1ø
Re w = =
2 2 Þ 1- | z1 |2 - | z2 |2 + | z1 |2 | z2 |2 < 0

é 1 ù Þ 1- | z1 |2 1- | z2 |2 < 0 ... (iii)

-1
1 é z -1 z - 1ù 1 ê z - 1 z ú
= ê + = ê +
2 ë z + 1 z + 1úû 2 ê z + 1 1 úú Which is true by equation (i) as |z1| < 1 and |z2| > 1
+1
ë z û \ 1- | z1 |2 > 0

and 1- | z 2 |2 < 0
1 é z - 1 1 - z ù 1 é z - 1 z - 1ù
= ê + = - =0
2 ë z + 1 1 + z úû 2 êë z + 1 z + 1úû \ Equation (iii) is true whenever equation (ii) is true.

Þ Re (w) = 0 1 - z1 z2
Þ <1
Þ w is a purely imaginary number. z1 - z2
COMPLEX NUMBERS 53

Example – 12
p
Then, a = . Since the point 1, 3 lies in first quadrant.
Express the following complex numbers in the polar form : 3

1+ i 2 + 6 3i p
(i) (ii) \ q=a= .
1- i 5 + 3i 3

1+ i æ p pö
Sol. Let z = , and, let r (cos q + i sin q) be the polar form of z. Hence, the polar form of z is z = 2 ç cos + i sin ÷
1- i è 3 3ø
Then, r = |z| and q = arg(z).
Example – 13
1+ i 1+ i 1+ i
Now, z = 1- i = 1 - i 1+ i Prove that there exists no complex number z such that
n
1 r
1 + 2i + i 2
1 + 2i - 1
| z |<
3
and åa z
r =1
r = 1, where |ar| < 2.
= 2
= = i = 0 +1 i
1- i 1+1

\ r = |z| = 0 +1 = 1 . Sol. Given, a1 z + a2 z 2 + ... + an z n = 1

Since the point (0, 1) representing z = 0 + i lies on positive
direction of imaginary axis. Therefore, 1
and | z | < ... i
arg(z) = p/2. 3

æ p pö p p \ a1 z + a2 z 2 + a3 z 3 + ... + an z n = 1
Hence, z = 1ç cos + i sin ÷ = cos + i sin
è 2 2 ø 2 2
Þ | a1 z | + | a2 z 2 | + | a3 z 3 | +...+ | an z n |³ 1
2 + 6 3i
(ii) Let z = , and let r (cos q + i sin q) be the polar form using |z1 + z2 | £ | z1 | + | z2 |
5 + 3i
of z. Then, r = |z| and q = arg (z) Þ 2 | z | + | z |2 + | z |3 +...+ | z |n > 1 using |a r |< 2

2 + 6 3i
Now, z = 2 | z | 1- | z |n
5 + 3i Þ > 1 [using sum of n terms of GP]
1- | z |

2 + 6 3i 5 - 3i Þ 2 | z | -2 | z |n +1 > 1- | z |
Þ z = 5 + 3i .
5 - 3i
1 2
Þ 3 | z | > 1 + 2 | z |n +1 Þ | z | > + | z |n +1
3 3
28 + 28 3i
= = 1+ i 3
28
1
Þ | z | > , which contradicts ... (i)
3
r = |z| = 1 + 3 = 2.
\ There exists no complex number z such that
Let a be the smallest positive angle given by
n
1 r
æ Im z ö -1
|z|<
3
and åa z r =1
tan –1 çç ÷÷ = tan 3 /1 = tan -1 3 . r =1

è Re z ø
COMPLEX NUMBERS 54

Example – 14 = (–w)n – w2n – 1 = – [wn + w2n + 1] = 0

Þ x3 + x2 + x is a factor of (x + 1)n – xn – 1.
If a and b are roots of x2 – 2x + 4 = 0 then find an + bn.

Sol. a, b = 1 ± i 3 Example – 16

a = 1 + i 3, b = 1 - i 3 Let a complex number a, a ¹ 1, be a root of the equation

p+q p q
z –z –z +1=0
n
an = 1 + i 3 where p, q are distinct primes. Show that either
2 p–1
1 + a + a +...+ a = 0
n 2 q–1
æ1+ i 3 ö æ np np ö or 1 + a + a + ... + a = 0
=2 ç n
= 2n ç cos + i sin
ç 2 ÷÷ è 3 3 ÷ø but not both together.
è ø
Sol. Given zp+q - zp - zq +1 = 0 ... (i)
n
n
and b = 1 - i 3 Þ z p -1 z p -1 = 0

n Since, a is root of equation (i), either

æ1- i 3 ö
= 2n ç
ç 2 ÷÷ a p - 1 = 0 or a q - 1 = 0
è ø

æ np np ö a p -1 a q -1
= 2n ç cos - i sin Þ Either = 0 or =0
÷ a -1 a -1
è 3 3 ø

np Þ Either 1 + a + a 2 + ... + a p -1 = 0
n n n
a + b = 2 .2 cos
3
or 1 + a + ... + a q -1 = 0
æ np ö
= 2n +1 cos ç ÷ But a p - 1 = 0 and a q - 1 = 0 cannot occur
è 3 ø
simultaneously as p and q are distinct primes, so neither p
divides q nor q divides p, which is the requirement for
Example – 15
1=a p =aq
It is given that n is an odd integer greater than 3, but not
a multiple of 3. Prove that x3 + x2 + x is a factor of Example – 17
(x + 1)n – xn – 1.
Sol. We have x3 + x2 +x = x (x2 + x + 1) = x (x – w) (x – w2). Find the value of :

where w, w2 are cube roots of unity but not equal to 1. r =6

é 2pr 2prù
Moreover, w3 = 1. å êësin
r =1 7
- i cos
7 úû
x3 + x2 + x is a factor of (x + 1)n – xn –1. It means that
r =6
(x + 1)n – xn – 1 should be zero at x = 0, w, w2. é 2pr 2prù
At x = 0,
Sol. Let S = å êë1.sin
r =1 7
- i cos
7 úû
n n n
(x + 1) – x – 1 = 1 –1 = 1 – 1 = 0 r =6
é 2pr 2prù
At x = w = å ê-i 2 sin - i cos
r =1 ë 7 7 úû
(x + 1)n –xn – 1 = (1 + w)n – wn – 1 = (–w2)n – wn – 1
Take (–i) common to get :
= (–1)n w2n – wn – 1 = –[w2n + wn + 1] = 0 as n is not a multiple
of 3. r =6
é 2pr 2pr ù
= -iå êcos + i sin
7 úû
2
At x = w , r =1 ë 7
(x + 1)n – xn – 1 = (1 + w2)n – w2n – 1
= – i (sum of 7th roots of unity – 1)
= – i (0 – 1) = i
COMPLEX NUMBERS 55

Example – 18 Example – 20

th
If 1, a1, a2, ...., an–1 are the n roots of unity, then show that Find the square root of i.
(1–a1) (1–a2) (1–a3) ... (1–an–1) = n.
Sol. Let i = x + iy . Then,

Sol. Since, 1, a1, a2, ... an-1 are nth roots of unity. i = x + iy
2
n
Þ i = (x + iy)
Þ x - 1 = x - 1 x - a1 x - a2 ... x - an -1 2 2
Þ (x – y ) + 2i xy = 0 + i
2 2
Þ x –y =0 . ..(i)
n
x -1
Þ = x - a1 x - a2 ... x - an -1 and, 2xy = 1 ...(ii)
x -1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Now, (x + y ) = (x – y ) + 4x y
2 2 2
Þ x n -1 + x n - 2 + ... + x 2 + x + 1 = x - a1 x - a2 ... x - an +1 Þ (x + y ) = 0 + 1 = 1
2 2 2 2
Þ x +y =1 [Q x + y > 0] ...(iii)

é xn -1 ù Solving (i) and (iii), we get

êQ = x n -1 + x n - 2 + ... + x + 1ú 2
x = 1/2 and y = 1/2
2
ë x -1 û
Þ x = ± 1/ 2 and y = ± 1/ 2
On putting x = 1, we get
From (ii), we find that 2xy is positive. So, x and y are of same
n = 1- a1 1- a2 ... 1 - an-1 sign.

æ 1 1 ö æ 1 1 ö
\ çx = and y = ÷ or ç x = - and y = - ÷
Example – 19 è 2 2ø è 2 2ø

Find the square roots of –15 – 8i. æ 1 1 ö 1

Hence, i=±ç + ÷=± 1+ i
è 2 2i ø 2
Sol. Let -15 - 8i = x + iy . Then,

Example – 21
-15 - 8i = x + iy
2 Find all circles which are orthogonal to | z | = 1 and
Þ –15 – 8i = (x + iy)
|z –1|=4.
2 2
Þ –15 – 8i = (x – y ) + 2i xy Sol. | z | = 1; |z – 1| = 4
2 2
Þ –15 = x – y ...(i) Þ x2 + y2 = 1 and (x – 1)2 + y2 = 42
and, 2xy = –8 ...(ii) S1 : x2 + y2 = 1; S2 : x2 + y2 – 2x – 15 = 0 and
2
Now, (x + y ) = (x – y ) + 4x y
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 S : x2 + y2 +2gx + 2fy + c = 0
2 2 2 2 Using the condition of orthogonality of S and S1, we have
Þ (x + y ) = (– 15) + 64 = 289
2 2 2g(0) + 2f(0) = c – 1 Þ c = 1
Þ x + y = 17 ...(iii)
Similarly, using the condition of orthogonality of S and S2,
On solving (i) and (iii), we get we have
2 2
x = 1 and y = 16 Þ x = ± 1 and y = ± 4 2g (–1) + 2f (0) = 1 – 15 Þ g = 7
From (ii), 2xy is negative. So, x and y are of opposite signs.
radius = g 2 + f 2 - c = 48 + f 2
\ (x = 1 and y = –4) or, (x = –1 and y = 4)
So, all the circles orthogonal to S1 and S2 are :
Hence, -15 - 8i = ± 1 - 4i
z - (-7 - if ) = 48 + f 2 ; f ÎR
COMPLEX NUMBERS 56

Example – 22 Example – 24

Prove that the locus of the centre of a circle which touches

p
the circle |z – z 1| = a and |z – z 2| = b externally What is the locus of z, if amplitude of z – 2 – 3i is ?
4
(z, z1 and z2 complex numbers) is a hyperbola.
Sol. Amplitude (z - z0) = q represents a ray starting from z0 and
making an angle q with positive real axis. So locus of z is a

p
Sol. ray starting at 2 + 3i and making an angle with positive
4
real axis.

Example – 25

Find the locus of point z satisfying the condition

|z - z1| = a + r
z-i
|z - z2| = b + r ³ 2.
z +i
Þ z - z1 - z - z 2 = a - b = constant
2
Sol. z -i
Þ Locus of z is hyperbola. ³ 4 Þ | z - i |2 ³ 4| z + i |2
z +i

Example – 23 Þ z -i z +i ³ 4 z +i z -i

z Þ z z - i z - z + 1 ³ 4z z + 4i z - z + 4
If w = and | w |= 1 , then prove that z lies on a
z - 1/ 3 i
Þ 3 | z |2 +5i z - z + 3 £ 0
straight line
Sol. As given Þ 3x 2 + 3y 2 + 10y + 3 £ 0.

Which represents the interior and boundary of the circle.

z |z|
w= Þ| w |= =1
i i Example – 26
z- z-
3 3
Show that the representive points of the complex numbers
i, –2 – 5i, 1 + 4i and 3 + 10i are collinear.
æ 1ö
Þ distance of z from origin and point ç 0, ÷ is same, Sol. Let Cartesian coordinates of these points be A (0, 1), B
è 3ø
(–2, – 5), C (1, 4) and D (3, 10)
hence z lies on the bisector of line joining the points (0,0)
-5 - 1
y -1 = x-0
æ 1ö -2 - 0
and ç 0, ÷ .
è 3ø Þ y = 3x + 1 ...(1)

Hence z lies on straight line. Points C (1, 4) and D (3, 10) satisfy the equatioin (1). Hence
points A, B, C and D are collinear.
COMPLEX NUMBERS 57

Example – 27
Þ - x 2 - y 2 y + 2 xy x - 1 = 0
Locate the complex number z = x + iy for which
Þ y éë - x 2 + y 2 + 2 x 2 - 2 x ùû = 0
(i) z 2 + z 2 + 2 | z |2 < 8i (z - z)

(ii) log1/3 {log1/2 (|z|2 + 4|z| + 3)} < 0 Þ y = 0 or x 2 + y 2 - 2 x = 0

Sol. (i) z 2 + z 2 + 2 | z |2 < 8i (z - z)
Þ either real axis or circle passing through origin.
Substitute z = x + iy
x2 – y2 + i (2xy) + x2 – y2 – i (2xy) + 2 (x2 + y2) < 8i (–2iy) Example – 29

Þ 4x2 < 16y Þ x2 < 4y

ABCD is a rhombus. Its diagonals AC and BD intersect at
the point M and satisfy BD = 2AC. Its points D and M
represent the complex numbers 1 + i and 2 – i respectively.
Find the complex number represented by A.
Sol. Let A be (x, y)
It is given that BD = 2AC Þ MD = 2AM
Also DM is perpendicular to AM
Þ (1 – 2)2 + (1 + 1)2 = 4 [(x – 2)2 + (y + 1)2] ...(1)
x2
So, locus is the interior of the parabola y =
4
(ii) log1/3 {log1/2 (| z |2 + 4| z |+ 3)} < 0
Þ log1/2 (| z |2 + 4| z | + 3) > 1

1
Þ | z |2 + 4 | z | +3 <
2

5
Þ | z |2 +4 | z | + < 0
2
y +1 1+1
and . = -1 Þ 2 y + 1 = x - 2
æ -4 - 6 -4 + 6 ö x - 2 1- 2
Þ | z |Îçç ,- ÷ ; But | z | ³ 0
è 2 2 ÷ø
With x – 2 = 2(y + 1), (1) gives (y + 1)2 = 1/4
Þ So, no such value of z exists. Þ y = –1/2, –3/2 Þ x = 3, 1
Þ A represent z = 3 –i/2, or 1–3i/2
Example – 28
Alternative Solution :

z2 MD = 2AM and AM ^ DM i.e. angle AMD = p/2

If z ¹ 1 and is real, then prove that the point
z -1
represented by the complex number z lies either on the z - 2-i AM ± i2p
Þ = .e = ± i / 2
real axis or on a circle passing through the origin 1+ i - 2 - i MD

z2 x 2 - y 2 + 2ixy
Sol. = is real i
z -1 x - 1 + iy Þ z - 2 -i = ± -1 + 2i Þ z = 3 - i / 2 or 1 - 3i / 2
2
COMPLEX NUMBERS 58

Example – 30
Þ z22 + z32 - 2 z2 z3 = - z12 - z32 + 2 z1 z3
Show that the triangle whose vertices are the points
represented by the complex numbers z1, z2, z3 on the argand Þ z12 + z22 - 2 z1 z2 = 2 z1 z3 + 2 z2 z3 - 2 z32 - 2 z1 z2
diagram is equilateral if and only if
2
z12 + z 22 + z 32 = z1 z 2 + z 2 z 3 + z3 z1 . Þ z1 - z2 = 2 z1 z3 - z32 + z2 z3 - z1 z 2

2
Þ z1 - z2 = 2 z1 - z3 z3 - z 2

Sol. Example – 32

If one of the vertices of the square circumscribing the

Applying rotation about B, circle | z - 1|= 2 is 2 + 3 i . Find the other vertices of

z1 - z 2 square.
= e ip / 3 ...(1)
z3 - z 2
Sol. Here, centre of circle is (1, 0) is also the mid-point of
Applying rotation about C,
diagonals of square
z 2 - z3
= e ip / 3 ...(2)
z1 - z 3

z1 - z 2 z 2 - z3
From (1) and (2), =
z 3 - z 2 z1 - z 3

Simplifying, we get the required Conditions

Example – 31

Complex numbers z1,z2,z3 are the vertices A, B, C

respectively of an isosceles right angled triangle with
2
right angle at C. Show that (z1–z2) = 2(z1–z3) (z3–z2).

Sol. Since, triangle is a right angled isosceles triangle. So,

z1 + z2
rotating z1 and z3 in anti-clockwise direction through an Þ = z0
2
p
angle of , we get z2
2 Þ z2 = - 3 i where, z0 = 1 + 0i

z2 - z3 | z2 - z3 | i p2
= e z3 - 1 ± ip2
z1 - z3 | z1 - z3 | and =e
z1 - 1
where, |z2 - z3| = |z1 - z3|

Þ z2 - z3 = i z1 - z3 æ p pö
Þ z3 = 1 + 1 + 3i . ç cos ± sin ÷ éëQ z1 = 2 + 3i ùû
è 2 2ø
On squaring both sides, we get

z2 - z3
2
= - z1 - z3
2
Þ z3 = 1 ± i 1 + 3i = 1 m 3 ± i = 1 - 3 + i and z4 = 1 + 3 - i
COMPLEX NUMBERS 59

Example – 33
2
a - k 2b a - b k2 | a |2 - k 2 | b |2
Let the complex number z1, z2 and z3 be the vertices of an Þ| z| - z- z+ = 0 ... i
1- k 2 1- k2 1- k2
equilateral triangle. Let z0 be the circumcentre of the
2 2 2 2
triangle. Then prove that z1 + z 2 + z3 = 3z 0 . On comparing with equation of circle.

| z |2 +az + az + b = 0
Sol. Since z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of an equilateral triangle.
whose centre is (-a) and radius = | a |2 -b
æz +z +z ö
\ Circumcentre z0 = Centroid = ç 1 2 3 ÷ ... (i)
è 3 ø
a - k2b
\ Centre for equation. (i) =
Also, for equilateral triangle 1- k2

z12 + z22 + z32 = z1 z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1 ... (ii)

2 2 2
æ öæ ö
and radius = ç a - k b ÷ ç a - k b ÷ - aa - k bb
2 2
On squaring Equation (i), we get è 1- k ø è 1 - k ø 1- k 2

9 z02 = z12 + z22 + z32 + 2 z1 z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1

k a -b
=
2 2 2 2
Þ 9z = z + z + z + 2 z + z + z
0 1 2 3
2
1
2
1
2
3 [from equation(ii)] 1- k 2

Þ 3z02 = z12 + z22 + z32

Example – 35

Example – 34 Let z1, z2, z3 be three distinct complex numbers satisfying

|z1 – 1| = |z2 –1| = |z3 – 1|. Let A, B, and C be the points
Find the centre and radius of the circle formed by all the represented in the argand plane corresponding to z1, z2
points represented by z = x + iy satisfying the relation and z3 respectively. Prove that z1 + z2 + z3 = 3 if and only of
D ABC is an equilateral triangle.
z-a
= k (k ¹ 1), where a and b are the constant complex
z -b Sol. |z1 – 1| = |z2 – 1| = |z3 – 1|
Þ The point corresponding to 1 (say P) is equidistant from the
numbers given by a = a1 + ia2, b = b 1 + ib2.
points A, B and C.
Þ P is the circumcentre of the D ABC
2
Sol. As we know, | z | = z.z Now if z1 + z2 + z3 = 3 then the point corresponding to centroid

z1 + z 2 + z 3
| z - a |2 of the DABC is =1
Given, = k2 3
| z - b |2
Þ circumcentre and centroid coincide Þ D ABC is equilateral
Þ z -a z -a = k2 z - b z -b Conversely if D ABC is equilateral, then centroid is the same
as the circumcentre i.e. P. Hence centroid
2 2 2 2 2
Þ | z | -a z - a z + | a | = k | z | -b z - b z+ | b |
z1 + z 2 + z 3
= 1 Þ z1 + z 2 + z 3 = 3
3
Þ | z |2 1 - k 2 - a - k 2 b z - a - b k 2 z + | a |2 - k 2 | b |2 = 0
COMPLEX NUMBERS 60

Example – 36 When x = 0, x2 - y2 + y = 0

If A and B represent the complex number z1 and z2 such Þ 0 - y2 + y = 0

that |z1 + z2| = |z1 – z2|, then find the circumcentre of triangle
OAB where O is the origin. Þ y 1- y = 0

Sol. |z1 + z2|2 = |z1–z2|2 Þ z1 + z2 z1 + z2 = z1 - z2 z1 - z2 Þ y = 0 or y = 1

Þ z2 z1 + z1 z 2 = 0
1 2 2
When, y = - , x - y + y = 0
2
z1 z1
Þ + =0
z2 z 2 1 1 3
Þ x2 - - = 0 Þ x2 =
4 2 4
z1
Þ
z2 is purely imaginary 3
Þx=±
2
æz ö p
Þ arg ç 1 ÷ = ±
è z2 ø 2 3 i
Therefore, z = 0 + i 0, 0 + i; ± -
2 2
Þ OAB is a right angled triangle right angled at O.
3 i
z1 + z 2 z = i, ± -
Þ circumcentre is 2 2
2

Example – 38
Example – 37

Solve the equation z 2 = z, where z = x + iy

Find all non-zero complex numbers z satisfying z = iz2 .
2 2
Sol. z 2 = z Þ x – y + i2xy = x – iy
2 2
Sol. Let z = x + iy Therefore, x – y = x ... (1)
Given z = iz 2 and 2xy = –y ... (2)

2 1
Þ x + iy = i x + iy From (2), we have y = 0 or x = -
2
2
Þ x - iy = i x 2 - y 2 + 2ixy When y = 0, from (1), we get x – x = 0, i.e., x = 0 or x = 1.

1 1 1
Þ x - iy = -2xy + i x2 - y2 When x = - , from (1), we get y2 = + or
2 4 2
On equating real and imaginary parts, we get
3 3
x = -2xy and - y = x2 - y2 y 2 = ,i.e., y = ±
4 2
Þ x + 2 xy = 0 and x 2 - y 2 + y = 0 Hence, the solutions of the given equations are

Þ x 1+ 2 y = 0
1 3 1 3
0 + i0,1 + i0, - + i ,- - i
2 2 2 2
1
Þ x = 0 or y = -
2
COMPLEX NUMBERS 61

Example – 39 (iii) z = 4 – z or x – iy = 4 – x – iy or x = 4 – x.
This gives x = 2.
If iz3 + z2 – z + i = 0, then show |z| = 1.
Hence z = 2 + iy.
Sol. iz3 + z2 – z + i = 0
\ The given equation is satisfied by all complex numbers
By substituting z = i in the equation, we get 0 = 0
whose real part is 2.
Hence z – i is a factor of iz3 + z2 – z + i
(iv) z2 = – z or (x + iy)2 = – (x – iy)
Þ iz2 (z – i) – 1 (z – i) = 0 Þ (iz2 – 1) (z – i) = 0
or x2 – y2 + 2ixy = – x + iy
Either iz2 – 1 = 0 or z – i = 0
2 2 Equating real and imaginary parts, we get
When z – i = 0, z = i \ | z |=| 0 + i.1|= 0 + 1 = 1.
x2 – y2 = – x ...(i)
When iz2 – 1 = 0, z2 = 1/i = – i
2
and 2xy = y or y (2x – 1) = 0 ...(ii)
\| z 2 |=| 0 - 1.i |= 02 + -1 = 1 Þ| z 2 |= 1 or | z |= 1
From (ii) either y = 0 or 2x – 1 = 0
\ In any case we have |z| = 1
i.e., x = 1/2.

Example – 40 When y = 0, (i) gives x2 = – x or x (x + 1) = 0 which gives x =

0, – 1.
Find all complex numbers z which satisfy the following Thus we get two sets of solution x = 0, y = 0 and x = –1, y = 0.
equations :
When x = 1/2, (i) gives y2 = 3/4 which gives
(i) z = z (ii) z = - z
3
(iii) z = 4 - z
2
(iv) z = - z y=± .
2
Sol. Let z = x + iy. Then z = x – iy..
Thus we get two more sets of solutions
(i) The equation z = z becomes x + iy = x – iy..
or 2iy = 0 which gives y = 0. 1 3 1 3
x= ,y= , and x = , y = - .
2 2 2 2
Hence z = x i.e., all the real numbers constitute the solutions
of the given equation. Hence the given equation has in all the following four
(ii) The equation z = - z is equivalent to solutions : z1 = 0, z2 = – 1,

x + iy = – (x – iy) or 2x = 0 or x = 0.
1 æ 3ö 1 æ 3ö
z3 = + iç ÷÷ , z4 = - i çç ÷
Hence z = iy i.e., the solutions of the given equation are all ç
2 è 2 ø 2 è 2 ÷ø
pure imaginary numbers.
COMPLEX NUMBERS 62

EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Iota & powers of iota
9. If x + iy = ± (a + ib), then -x - iy is equal to
1. ( -2) ( -3) is equal to (a) ± (b + ia) (b) ± (a – ib)
(a) 6 (b) - 6 (c) (ai + b) (d) ± (b – ia)

(c) i 6 (d) none of these Algebra of complex number

4
æ 1ö 10. The roots of the equation x4 – 1 = 0, are :
2. (1 + i) 4 ´ ç 1 + ÷ =
è iø (a) 1, 1, i, – i (b) 1, –1, i, – i
(a) 16 (b) 0 (c) 1, –1, w, w2 (d) none of these
(c) 8 (d) 64
11. Inequality a + ib > c + id can be explained only when :
3. The value of (1 + i) (1 + i2) (1 + i3) (1 + i4) is
(a) b = 0, c = 0 (b) b = 0, d = 0
(a) 2 (b) 0
(c) 1 (d) i (c) a = 0, c = 0 (d) a = 0, d = 0
4. The value of 1 + i2 + i4 + i6 + ... + i2n is :
1 + b + ia
(a) positive (b) negative 12. If a2 + b2 = 1, then is equal to :
1 + b - ia
(c) zero (d) cannot be determined
13
(a) 1 (b) 2
5. The value of sum å i n + i n +1 , where i = -1 equals
n =1 (c) b + ia (d) a + ib
(a) i (b) i – 1
z -i
(c) –i (d) 0 13. Let z ¹ - i be any complex number such that is a
z+i
n
æ 2i ö
6. The least positive integer n such that ç ÷ is a positive
è1+ i ø 1
purely imaginary number then z + is:
integer, is z

(a) 16 (b) 8 (a) 0

(c) 4 (d) 2
(b) any non-zero real number other than 1.
x
æ1+ i ö (c) any non-zero real number.
7. If ç ÷ = 1, then
è 1- i ø
(d) a purely imaginary number.
(a) x = 2n, where n is any positive integer
(b) x = 4n + 1, where n is any positive integer 14. If a + ib = x + iy, then possible value of a - ib is
(c) x = 2n + 1, where n is any positive integer
(a) x2 + y2 (b) x2 + y2
(d) x = 4n, where n is any positive integer
8. For positive integers n 1, n2 the value of expression
(c) x + iy (d) x – iy
n1 3 n1 5 n2 7 n2
1+ i + 1+ i + 1+ i + 1+ i , here i = -1 15. Square root of 5 + 12i is
is a real number, if and only if (a) ± (3 + 2i) (b) ± (3–2i)
(a) n1 = n2 + 1 (b) n1 = n2 – 1
(c) 2 + 4i (d) –1 –2i
(c) n1 = n2 (d) n1 > 0, n2 > 0
COMPLEX NUMBERS 63

Modulus of Complex Number 22. If arg (z) = q, then arg ( z ) is equal to

(a) q – p (b) p – q
1 - i 4i (c) q (d) –q
16. The modulus of + is
3+i 5
23. Let z, w be complex numbers such that z + iw = 0 and
11 arg (zw) = p. Then, arg (z) equals
(a) 5 unit (b) unit
5 p p
(a) (b)
4 2
5 12
(c) unit (d) unit
5 5 3p 5p
(c) (d)
4 4
1 + 2i 24. If z and w are two non-zero complex numbers such that
17. If (x + iy) = , then (x2 + y2)2 is equal to
3 + 4i p
|zw| = 1 and arg (z) – arg (w) = , then z w is equal to
(a) 5 (b) 1/5 2
(c) 2/5 (d) 5/2 (a) 1 (b) –1
18. 2
If x + iy = (1 + i) (1 + 2i) (1 + 3i), then x + y = 2 (c) i (d) –i
(a) 0 (b) 1 Polar/Euler's form of complex number
(c) 100 (d) none of these
4(cos 75 ° + i sin 75 ° )
Argument of Complex Number 25. The value of is :
0.4 (cos 30 ° + i sin 30 ° )

p æ pö 2 2
19. The amplitude of sin + i ç 1 - cos ÷ is (1 + i) (1 - i)
5 è 5ø (a) (b)
10 10

2p p 10 10
(a) (b) (c) (1 - i) (d) (1 + i)
5 15 2 2
26. The principal amplitude of (sin 40o + i cos 40o)5 is
p p
(c) (d) (a) 70o (b) –110o
10 5
(c) 110o (d) –70o
1 + 2i
20. If z = , then arg (z) equals cos q + i sin q p p
1 - (1 - i) 2 27. Let z = , < q < . Then, arg (z) is
cos q - i sin q 4 2
p (a) 2q (b) 2q – p
(a) 0 (b)
2
(c) p + 2q (d) None of these
(c) p (d) none of these 28. If e = cos q + i sin q, then for the DABC, eiA . eiB . eiC is
iq

(a) – i (b) 1
(1 + i 3) (2 + 2i)
21. The magnitude and amplitude of are (c) – 1 (d) None of these
( 3 - i)

respectively p p æ p pö
29. If z1 = 2 æç cos + i sin ö÷ and z2 = 3 ç cos + i sin ÷ , then
è 4 4 ø è 3 3ø
3p 3p |z1 z2| is
(a) 2, (b) 2 2,
4 4
(a) 6 (b) 2
p p (c) (d)
(c) 2 2, (d) 2 2, 6 3
4 2
COMPLEX NUMBERS 64

30. The polar form of (i25)3 is 36. If i = -1, then

p p
(a) cos + isin (b) cos p + i sin p æ 1
334 365
2 2 3ö æ1 3ö
4 + 5 çç - + i ÷ - 3 çç + i ÷
è 2 2 ÷ø è2 2 ÷ø
p p
(c) cos p – i sin p (d) cos - isin is equal to
2 2
(a) 1 - i 3 (b) -1 + i 3
Properties of complex number
(c) 4 3i (d) -i 3
31. For any two complex numbers z1 and z2 and any real numbers
37. If w is a non-real cube root of unity, then the expression
a and b; |(az1 – bz2)|2 + |(bz1 + az2)|2 is equal to :
(1–w) (1–w2) (1+w4) (1+w8) is equal to
(a) (a2 + b2) (|z1| + |z2|) (b) (a2 + b2) (|z1|2 + |z2|2) (a) 0 (b) 3
2 2 2 2
(c) (a + b ) (|z1| – |z2| ) (d) none of the above (c) 1 (d) 2

5 5
| z |2 æ 3 iö æ 3 iö
32. If z is a non-zero complex number, then is equal to 38. If z = çç + ÷÷ + çç - ÷÷ , then
zz
è 2 2ø è 2 2ø

(a) Re (z) = 0
z
(a) (b) | z | (b) Im (z) = 0
z
(c) Re (z) > 0, Im (z) > 0
(c) | z | (d) none of these (d) Re (z) > 0, Im (z) < 0

33. If |z 1 | = |z 2 | = ... = |z n| = 1, then the value of 39. The value of amp (iw) + amp (iw2), where i = -1 and
|z1 + z2 + z3 + ... + zn | is: w = 3 1 = non-real, is
(a) 1 (b) |z1| + |z2| + ... + |zn|
p
(a) 0 (b)
2
1 1 1
(c) z + z + ... + z (d) none of these
1 2 n (c) p (d) None of these
40. If w is an imaginary cube root of unity, then (1 + w – w2)7 is
34. If z1, z2, z3 are complex numbers such that equal to
(a) 128w (b) –128w
1 1 1
|z1| = |z2| = |z3| = + + = 1, then |z1 + z2 + z3| is (c) 128w2 (d) –128w2
z1 z 2 z3
41. Suppose z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of an equilateral triangle
(a) equal to 1 (b) less than 1 inscribed in the circle |z| = 2. If z1 = 1 + i 3, then
(c) greater than 3 (d) equal to 3 z2 and z3 are

Cube roots of unity (a) z2 = -2 and z3 = 1 - i 3

35. If the cube roots of unity are 1, w, w2, then the roots of the (b) z 2 = -1 and z 3 = - i 3
3
equation (x – 1) + 8 = 0, are:
(a) – 1, 1 + 2w, 1 + 2w2 (b) –1, 1 – 2w, 1 – 2w2 (c) z 2 = 1 and z3 = 1 - i 3

(c) –1, –1, –1 (d) –1, –1 + 2w, –1 – 2w2 (d) z2 = -1 and z3 = 1 - i 3

COMPLEX NUMBERS 65

42. If x = a + b, y = aa + bb, z = ab + ba, where a, b are complex

49. The equation bz + bz = c where b is a non zero complex
cube roots of unity, then xyz equals
constant and c is real, represents
2 2
(a) a + b (b) 0
(a) A circle (b) A straight line
3 3
(c) a + b (d) none of these
(c) A parabola (d) None of these
Geometrical interpretation of modulus
50. The equation zz + (2 - 3i ) z + (2 + 3i ) z + 4 = 0 represents
43. The complex numbers z = x + iy which satisfy the equation a circle of radius

z - 5i (a) 2 (b) 3
= 1, lie on
z + 5i (c) 4 (d) 6
51. For real parameter t, the locus of the complex number
(a) the x-axis
(b) the straight line y = 5 z = 1 - t 2 + i 1 + t 2 in the complex plane is
(c) a circle passing through the origin
(a) an ellipse (b) a parabola
(d) None of these
(c) a circle (d) a hyperbola
44. The inequality |z – 4| < |z – 2| represents the region given
52. The points z1, z2, z3, z4 in the complex plane are the vertices
by
of a parallelogram taken in order, if and only if
(a) Re (z) > 3 (b) Re (z) < 3
(a) z1 + z4 = z2 + z3 (b) z1 + z3 = z2 + z4
(c) Re (z) > 3 (d) None of these
(c) z1 + z2 = z3 + z4 (d) None of these
45. If z = x + iy and w = (1 – iz) / (z – i), then |w| = 1 implies that,
Numerical Value Type Questions
in the complex plane
(a) z lies on the imaginary axis 53. For all complex numbers z of the form 1 + ia, a Î R, if
(b) z lies on the real axis z2 = x + iy, then value of y2 + 4x is
(c) z lies on the unit circle
(d) None of these æx yö
ç + ÷
p qø
46. If P represents the variable complex number z and 54. If z = x – iy and z = p + iq, then è 2
1/3
equal to
p + q2
Re (z + 1/z + i) = 1, then the locus of P is
(a) x - y - 1 = 0 (b) x - y + 1 = 0
55. If z1, z2 and z3, z4 are 2 pairs of complex conjugate numbers,
(c) 2x - y - 1 = 0 (d) x - 2y - 1 = 0
47. P represents the variable complex number z and æ z1 ö æ z2 ö
and arg ç z ÷ + arg ç z ÷ equals kp. Then value of k is
| 2z - 3 | = 2, then the locus of P is è 4ø è 3ø

(a) x2 + y2- 12x + 5 = 0 (b) 4x2 + 4y2- 12x + 5 = 0

56. If z1 and z2 are two non-zero complex numbers such that
(c) 4x2 - 4y2- 12x + 5 = 0 (d) x2 + 4y2- 12x = 0 |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2|, and arg z1 – arg z2 is equal to kp, then
48. If complex number z = x + iy satisfies the equation value of k is
Re (z + 1) = |z - 1|, then z lies on 57. If w is a cube root of unity, then
2
(a) y = x (b) y = 4x (3 + 5w + 3w2)2 + (3 + 3w + 5w2)2 is equal to
(c) y = 2x (d) 2y = x
COMPLEX NUMBERS 66

62. If |z + 4| < 3, then the maximum value of |z + 1| is

1
58. If z is any complex number such that z + = 1, then the
z 63. The number of complex numbers z such that
| z – 1| = | z + 1 | = | z – i | equals
99 1
value of z + is 64. If z is a complex number such that
z 99
1
59. If w (¹ 1) is a cube root of unity and (1 + w)7 = A + Bw. Then, |z| ³ 2, then the minimum value of z + is
2
A + 2B equals to
65. The complex number z satisfies z + |z| = 2+ 8i. The value
6
æ 2pk 2pk ö
of |z| is
60. The value of å ç sin - i cos ÷ is ki, then value of k
k =1 è 7 7 ø

is
61. If square root of –7 + 24i is x + iy. If x = ± k, then value of k
is
COMPLEX NUMBERS 67

EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAIN QUESTIONS

5. If a,b Î C are the distinct roots, of the equation
2 + 3i sin q
1. A value of q for which is purely imaginary, is:
1 - 2i sin q x 2 - x + 1 = 0, then a101 + b107 is equal to : (2018)
(2016) (a) 2 (b) -1
(c) 0 (d) 1
p -1
æ 3ö
(a) (b) sin çç ÷÷
6 è 4 ø 1 + 1 - 8a z
6. The set of all a Î R, for which w = is a
1- z

æ 1 ö p
(c) sin -1 ç (d) purely imaginary number, for all z Î C satisfying |z| = 1
÷ 3
è 3ø
and Re z ¹ 1 , is : (2018/Online Set–1)
2. Let z = 1 + ai be a complex number, a > 0, such that z3 is a
real number. Then the sum 1 + z + z2 + ……. + z11 is equal (a) an empty set (b) {0}
to: (2016/Online Set–2)
ì 1 1ü
(c) í0, , - ý (d) equal to R
(a) -1250 3 i (b) 1250 3 i î 4 4þ

(c) 1365 3 i (d) -1365 3 i 7. If |z – 3 + 2i| £ 4 then the difference between the greatest
value and the least value of |z| is :
3. Let zÎ C, the set of complex numbers. Then the equation,
2|z + 3i| – |z – i| = 0 represents : (2017/Online Set–1) (2018/Online Set–2)

8 (a) 2 13 (b) 8
(a) a circle with radius
3
(c) 4 + 13 (d) 13
10
(b) a circle with diameter
3 n
æ1+ i 3 ö
8. The least positive integer n for which ç = 1, is:
ç 1 - i 3 ÷÷
è ø
16
(c) an ellipse with length of major axis
3 (2018/Online Set–3)

(a) 2 (b) 3
16
(d) an ellipse with length of minor axis
9 (c) 5 (d) 6

9. If α and β be the roots of the equation x2 - 2x + 2 = 0,then

æ iz - 2 ö
4. The equation Im ç ÷ + 1 = 0, z Î C, z ¹ i represents n
è z -i ø æa ö
the least value of n for which ç ÷ = 1 is :
a part of a circle having radius equal to : èbø

(2017/Online Set–2)
(8-4-2019/Shift -1)
(a) 2 (b) 1
(a) 2 (b) 5
3 1 (c) 4 (d) 3
(c) (d)
4 2
COMPLEX NUMBERS 68

3 i 9 2z - n
10. If z = + i = -1 , then 1 + iz + z 5 + iz 8 is equal 15. Let z Î C with Im( z ) = 10 and it satisfies = 2i - 1
2 2 2z + n

to : (8-4-2019/Shift -2) for some natural number n. Then : (12-4-2019/Shift -2)

(a) 0 (b) 1 (a) n = 20 and Re(z) = -10 (b) n = 40 and Re(z) = 10

9
(c) n = 40 and Re(z) = -10 (d) n = 20 and Re(z) -10
(c) -1 + 2i (d) -1
ì æ p ö 3 + 2i sin q ü
16. Let A = íq Î ç - , p ÷ ; is purely imaginary ý
11. Let a and b be the roots of the equation x 2 + x + 1 = 0. î è 2 ø 1 - 2i sin q þ
Then sum of the elements in A is: (9-1-2019/Shift -1)
y +1 a b
Then for y ¹ 0 in R, a y+b 1 is equal to: 5p
(a) (b) p
b 1 y +a 6

3p 2p
(9-4-2019/Shift -1) (c) (d)
4 3
2 2
(a) y y - 1 (b) y y - 3 17. Let z0 be a root of the quadratic equation,

(c) y3 (d) y 3 - 1 x 2 + x + 1 = 0. If z = 3 + 6iz081 - 3iz093 , then arg z is equal

(9-1-2019/Shift -2)
5 + 3z
12. Let z Î C be such that |z| < 1. If w = , then: p p
5(1 - z ) (a) (b)
4 6
(9-4-2019/Shift -2)
p
(a) 5 Re (w ) > 4 (b) 4 Im (w ) > 5 (c) (d) 0
3
(c) 5 Re (w ) > 1 (d) 5 Im (w ) < 1
5 5
æ 3 iö æ 3 iö
18. Let z = çç + ÷ +ç
÷ ç
- ÷ . If R(z) and I(z)
÷
(1 + i) 2 2 è 2 2ø è 2 2ø
13. If a > 0 and z = , has magnitude , then z is
a -i 5
respectively denote the real and imaginary parts of z, then
equal to: (10-4-2019/Shift -1) (10-1-2019/Shift -1)
(a) I(z) = 0 (b) R(z) > 0 and I(z) > 0
1 3 3 1
(a) - - i (b) - - i (c) R(z) < 0 and I(z) > 0 (d) R(z) = - 3
5 5 5 5
3
æ 1 ö x + iy
1 3 1 3 19. Let ç -2 - i ÷ = i = -1 , where x and y are real
(c) - i (d) - + i è 3 ø 27
5 5 5 5
numbers then y- x equals: (11-1-2019/Shift -1)
14. If z and w are two complex numbers such that zw = 1 20. Let z be a complex number such that |z| + z = 3 + i
(where i = -1 ). Then |z| is equal to :
p
and arg z - arg w = , then : (10-4-2019/Shift -2) (11-1-2019/Shift -2)
2

34 5
-1 + i (a) (b)
(a) z w = i (b) zw = 3 3
2
41 5
1- i (c) (d)
(c) z w = -i (d) zw = 4 4
2
COMPLEX NUMBERS 69

z -a 26. If z1 , z2 are complex numbers such that

21. If a Î R is a purely imaginary number and | z | = 2,
z +a
Re ( z1 ) = | z1 - 1 |, Re ( z 2 ) = | z2 - 1 | and arg
then a value of a is ______. (12-1-2019/Shift -1)
(a) 2 (b) 1
p
( z1 - z 2 ) = , then Im ( z1 + z 2 ) is equal to :
6
1 (3-9-2020/Shift -2)
(c) (d) 2
2
2
(a) 2 3 (b)
22. Let z1 and z2 be two complex numbers satisfying z1 = 9 3

and z2 - 3 - 4i = 4 . Then the minimum value of z1 - z2 1 3

(c) (d)
is: (12-1-2019/Shift -2) 3 2

(a) 0 (b) 2 2z + i
27. Let u = , z = x + iy and k > 0. If the curve
(c) 1 (d) 2 z - ki

represented by Re(u) + Im (u) = 1 intersects the y-axis at

3 the points P and Q where PQ = 5, then the value of k is :
æ 2p 2p ö
ç 1 + sin 9
+ i cos
9 ÷ (4-9-2020/Shift -1)
23. The value of ç ÷ is :
çç 1 + sin 2p 2p ÷÷ (a) 4 (b) 1/2
- i cos
è 9 9 ø
(c) 2 (d) 3/2

(2-9-2020/Shift -1) 28. If a and b are real numbers such that (2 + a )4 = a + ba ,

1 1 -1 + i 3
(a) - (1 - i 3) (b) (1 - i 3) where a = then a + b is equal to:
2 2 2
(4-9-2020/Shift -2)
1 1 (a) 33 (b) 57
(c) - ( 3 - i ) (d) ( 3 - i )
2 2
(c) 9 (d) 24

24. The imaginary part of (3 + 2 -54)1/ 2 - (3 - 2 -54)1/2 29. If the four complex numbers z , z , z - 2 Re( z ) and z-2Re(z)

can be : (2-9-2020/Shift -2) represent the vertices of a square of side 4 units in the
Argand plane, the |z| is equal to: (5-9-2020/Shift -1)
(a) 6 (b) -2 6
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 6 (d) - 6 (c) 4 2 (d) 2 2

m n 30
æ 1+ i ö 2 æ 1+ i ö3 æ -1 + i 3 ö
25. If ç ÷ =ç ÷ = 1, ( m, n Î N ) then the greatest 30. The value of çç ÷÷ is: (5-9-2020/Shift -2)
è1- i ø è i -1 ø è 1- i ø

common divisor of the least values of m and n is ……… . (a) 215i (b) -215
(3-9-2020/Shift -1)
(c) -215i (d) 65
COMPLEX NUMBERS 70

31. The region represented by

35. If the equation, x 2 + bx + 45 = 0 b Î R has conjugate
z = x + iy Î C :| z | - Re( z ) £ 1 is also given by the
complex roots and they satisfy | z + 1|= 2 10 , then:
inequality: (6-9-2020/Shift -1) (8-1-2020/Shift -1)

2 æ 1ö 2 1 (a) b 2 + b = 12 (b) b 2 - b = 42
(a) y £ 2 ç x + ÷ (b) y £ x +
è 2ø 2
(c) b 2 - b = 30 (d) b 2 + b = 72

(c) y 2 ³ 2 ( x + 1) (d) y 2 ³ x + 1
100
-1 + i 3 100
36. Let a = . If a = 1 + a å a 2k and b = å a 3k , then
32. Let z = x + iy be a non-zero complex number such that 2 k =0 k =0

2 a and b are the roots of the quadratic equation:

z 2 = i z , where i = -1, then z lies on the
(8-1-2020/Shift -2)
(6-9-2020/Shift -2)
(a) x 2 + 101x + 100 = 0 (b) x 2 + 102 x + 101 = 0
(a) line, y = x (b) real axis
(c) imaginary axis (d) line, y = -x (c) x 2 - 102 x + 101 = 0 (d) x 2 - 101x + 100 = 0

æ z -1 ö z -i
33. If Re ç ÷ =1, where z = x + iy, then the point (x, y) lies 37. Let z be a complex number such that = 1 and
è 2z + i ø z + 2i

on a (7-1-2020/Shift -1) 5
z = . Then the value of z + 3i is
2
æ 1 3ö
(a) circle whose centre is at ç - , - ÷ (9-1-2020/Shift -1)
è 2 2ø
7
(a) 10 (b)
æ3ö 2
(b) straight line whose slope is ç ÷
è2ø
15
(c) (d) 2 3
4
5
(c) circle whose diameter is 38. If z be a complex number satisfying |Re(z)|+|Im(z)|=4, then
2
|z| cannot be: (9-1-2020/Shift -2)

æ 2ö
(d) straight line whose slope is ç - ÷ 17
è 3ø (a) 7 (b)
2

3 + i sin q (c) 10 (d) 8

34. If , q Î 0, 2p , is a real number, then the
4 - i cos q
39. Let z be those comples numbers which satisfy z + 5 £ 4
argument of sin q + i cos q is (7-1-2020/Shift -2)
and z 1 + i + z 1 - i ³ -10, i = -1. If the maximum
-1 æ 4 ö -1 æ 3 ö
(a) p - tan ç ÷ (b) - tan ç ÷ 2
value of z + 1 is a + b 2, then the value of a + b is
è3ø è4ø
________. (26-02-2021/Shift-2)
th
-1 æ 3 ö -1 æ 4 ö 40. The sum of 162 power of the roots of the equation
(c) p - tan ç ÷ (d) tan ç ÷
è4ø è3ø
x 3 - 2x 2 + 2x - 1 = 0 is (26-02-2021/Shift-1)
COMPLEX NUMBERS 71

41. Let the lines 2 - i z = 2 + i z and 47. Let a complex number be w = 1 - 3 i. Let another complex

2 + i z + i - 2 z - 4i = 0 , (here i 2 = -1 ) be normal to a number z be such that zw = 1 and

circle C. If the line iz + z + 1 + i = 0 is tangent to this circle
C, then its radius is: (25-02-2021/Shift-1) p
arg z - arg w = . Then the area of the triangle with
2
3 3 vertices origin, z and w is equal to :
(a) (b)
2 2 2
(18-03-2021/Shift-2)
1 1
(c) 3 2 (d) (a) 4 (b)
2 2 2
42. If a, b Î R are such that 1 - 2i (here i2 = -1 ) is a root
1
z 2 + az + b = 0, then a - b is equal to: (c) 2 (d)
4
(25-02-2021/Shift-2)
48. If f x and g x are two polynomials such that the
(a) 3 (b) 7
(c) –7 (d) –3 3 3
polynomial P x = f x + x g x is divisible by
(-1 + i 3) 21 (1 + i 3) 21
43. Let i = -1. If + = k, and x 2 + x + 1, then P 1 is equal to _______.
(1 - i) 24 (1 + i) 24
(18-03-2021/Shift-2)
n = éë k ûù be the greatest integral part of k . Then
49. Let a complex number z, z ¹ 1 , satisfy
n +5 n +5
2
å ( j + 5) - å ( j + 5) is equal to _____.
j= 0 j= 0
æ z + 11 ö
(24-02-2021/Shift-2) log 1 ç 2
÷ £ 2. Then, the largest value of z is equal
ç
2 è z - 1 ÷
44. If the least and the largest real values of a, for which the ø

to _______. (16-03-2021/Shift-1)
equation z + a z - 1 + 2i = 0 z Î C and i = -1 has a
(a) 7 (b) 6
2 2
solution, are p and q respectively; then 4 p + q is
(c) 5 (d) 8
equal to (24-02-2021/Shift-1)
50. Let z and w be two complex numbers such that
2
45. If the equation a | z | + az + a z + d = 0 represents a z+i
circle where a, d are real constants, then which of the w = zz - 2z + 2, = 1 and Re w has minimum
z - 3i
following condition is correct ? (18-03-2021/Shift-1)

(a) | a |2 - ad ¹ 0 value. Then, the minimum value of n Î N for which wn is

real, is equal to ________. (16-03-2021/Shift-1)
(b) | a |2 - ad ³ 0 and a Î R
51. The least value of |z| where z is complex number which
(c) a = 0, a, d Î R + satisfies the inequality

(d) | a |2 - ad > 0 and a Î R - {0} æ (| z | +3)(| z | -1) ö

exp çç log e 2 ÷÷ … log 2
| 5 7 + 9i | is equal
è | z | +1 ø
46. Let z1 , z 2 be the roots of the equation
z 2 + az + 12 = 0 and z1 , z 2 form an equilateral triangle with to (16-03-2021/Shift-2)

origin. Then, the value of | a | is .................. . (a) 8 (b) 3

(18-03-2021/Shift-1) (c) 5 (d) 2

COMPLEX NUMBERS 72

(27-07-2021/Shift-2)
52. The area of the triangle with vertices A z , B iz and
(a) 9 (b) 5
C z + iz is : (17-03-2021/Shift-1)
(c) 13 (d) 7

1 1 56. Let C be the set of all complex numbers. Let

(a) | z + iz |2 (b)
2 2 S1 = z Î C : z - 2 £ 1 and

1
(c) | z |2 (d) 1 S2 = z Î C : z 1 + i + z 1 - i ³ 4 Then, the maximum
2
2
53. Let S1 , S2 and S3 be three sets defined as 5
value of z - for z Î S1 Ç S2 is equal to :
2
S1 = {z Î £ : | z - 1| £ 2}
(27-07-2021/Shift-2)
S2 = {z Î £ : Re ((1 - i) z) ³ 1}
3+ 2 2 5+2 2
(a) (b)
S3 = {z Î £ : Im (z) £ 1} 4 2

Then the set S1 Ç S2 Ç S3 (17-03-2021/Shift-2)

3+ 2 2 5+2 2
(c) (d)
(a) is a singleton 2 4
(b) has exactly two elements
57. If the real part of the complex number
(c) has infinitely many elements
(d) has exactly three elements 3 + 2i cos q æ pö
z = , q Î ç 0, ÷ is zero, then the value of
1 - 3i cos q è 2ø
54. If z and w are two complex numbers such that zw = 1 and
sin 2 3q + cos2 q is equal to ____________.
3p æ 1 - 2zw ö
arg z - arg w = , then arg ç ÷ is: (27-07-2021/Shift-2)
2 è 1 + 3zw ø
58. Let n denote the number of solutions of the equation
(Here arg z denotes the principal argument of complex z 2 + 3z = 0, z is a comples number. Then the value of
number z) (20-07-2021/Shift-1) ¥
1
3p p
ån
k =0
k is equal to: (22-07-2021/Shift-2)
(a) (b) -
4 4
(a) 1 (b) 2
3p p
(c) - (d) 4 3
4 4 (c) (d)
3 2
55. The point P (a, b) undergoes the following three
59. The equation of a circle is
transformations successively:
2
(1) reflection about the line y = x. Re z 2 + 2 Im z + 2 Re z = 0, where z = x + iy. A
(2) translation through 2 units along the positive direction line which passes through the center of the given circle
of x-axis.
and the vertex of the parabola, x 2 - 6x - y + 13 = 0 has y-
p intercept equal to (25-07-2021/Shift-2)
(3) rotation through angle about the origin in the anti-
4
clockwise direction. 60. If for the complex numbers z satisfying z - 2 - 2i £ 1, the

If the co-ordinates of the final position of the point P are maximum value of 3iz + 6 is attained at a + ib, then a + b
æ 1 7 ö is equal to __________ ? (01-09-2021/Shift-2)
ç- , ÷ , then the value of 2a + b is equal to
è 2 2ø
COMPLEX NUMBERS 73

n
2i 2rp 2rp
61. The least positive integer n such that , i = -1, 67. If a r = cos + i sin , r = 1, 2,3,...., i = -1, then the
1- i
n-2 9 9

is a positive integer is (26-08-2021/Shift-2) a1 a2 a3

ì z–i ü a4 a5 a6
determinant is equal to?
62. If S = íz Î C : Î R ý , then: (27-08-2021/Shift-1) a7 a8 a9
î z + 2i þ
(a) S is a circle in the complex plane (31-08-2021/Shift-1)
(b) S contains only one element
(a) a 2 a 6 - a 4 a 8 (b) a1a 9 - a 3 a 7
(c) S is a straight line in the complex plane
(d) S contains exactly two elements (c) a 5 (d) a 9

æ z -1 ö p z -i
63. The equation arg ç ÷ = represents a circle with : 68. If z is a complex number such that is purely imaginary,,
è z +1 ø 4 z -1
(26-08-2021/Shift-1)
then the minimum value of z - 3 + 3i is
(a) centre at 0, - 1 and radius 2
(31-08-2021/Shift-2)
(b) centre at 0, 1 and radius 2 (a) 3 2 (b) 6 2

(c) centre at 0, 1 and radius 2 (c) 2 2 (d) 2 2 - 1

100
(d) centre at 0, 0 and radius 2 69. If 3 +i = 299 p + iq , then p and q are roots of the

1- i 3 equation: (26-08-2021/Shift-2)
64. Let z = , i = -1. Then the value of
2 2
(a) x + 3 +1 x + 3 = 0
3 3 3
æ 1ö æ 1 ö æ 1ö
21 + ç z + ÷ + ç z 2 + 2 ÷ + ç z3 + 3 ÷ + 2
è zø è z ø è z ø (b) x + 3 -1 x - 3 = 0

3
æ 1 ö 2
(c) x - 3 +1 x + 3 = 0
...... + ç z 21 + 21 ÷ is _____.
è z ø
2
(26-08-2021/Shift-1) (d) x - 3 -1 x - 3 = 0

p 70. Let C be the set of all complex numbers. Let

65. Let z1 and z 2 arg z1 - z 2 = and z1 , z 2 satisfy the
4
S1 = z Î C || z - 3 - 2i |2 = 8
equation z - 3 = Re z . Then the imaginary part of

z1 + z 2 is equal to _______. (27-08-2021/Shift-2) S2 = z Î C | Re z ³ 5 and

66. A point z moves in the complex plane such that
S3 = z Î C || z - z |³ 8 .
æz-2ö p
arg ç ÷= , then the minimum value of
èz+2ø 4 Then the number of elements in S1 Ç S2 Ç S3 is equal to:
2 (27-07-2021/Shift-1)
z - 9 2 - 2i is equal to ____________ ?
(a) 1 (b) 0
(31-08-2021/Shift-1)
(c) Infinite (d) 2
COMPLEX NUMBERS 74

EXERCISE - 3 : ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Objective Questions I [Only one correct option] 7. If q Î (0, p), the principal value of the arg (z) and |z| of

5
3 + 2i sin q 1 + cos q + i sin q
the complex number z = is
1. 1 - 2i sin q will be purely imaginary, if q is equal to
3
cos q + i sin q

p p
(a) 2np ± (b) np + q 5 q q q
3 3 (a) - ,32 cos (b) ,32 cos 5
2 2 2 2

p
(c) np ± (d) None of these q 4 q
3 (c) - ,16 cos (d) None of these
2 2
2. If (a + ib) (c + id) (e + if) (g + ih) = A + i B, then
(a2 + b2) (c2 + d2) (e2 + f2) (g2 + h2) is equal to 8. If z = reiq, then | iiz | is equal to

(a) A2 – B2 (b) A2 + B2 (a) e–r sin q (b) re–r sin q

(c) A4 + B4 (d) A4 – B4
p
- r cos q
3. The area of the triangle on the complex plane formed by (c) e 2 (d) re–r cos q
the complex numbers z, iz and z + iz is
9. The minimum value of Z - 1 + 2i + 4i - 3 - Z is
(a) |z|2 (b) | z |2

(a) 5 (b) 5
| z |2
(c) (d) none of these
2
(c) 2 13 (d) 15

4. If arg (z1 ) = arg (z2), then 10. If |z2 – 1| = |z|2 + 1, then z lies on
(a) z2 = kz1–1 (k > 0) (b) z2 = kz1 (k > 0) (a) a circle (b) the imaginary axis

(c) | z 2 |=| z1 | (d) None of these (c) the real axis (d) an ellipse

5. z and w are two non zero complex number such that

4
|z| = |w| and Arg z + Arg w = p, then z equals 11. If z - = 2, then the maximum value of | z | is equal to
z
(a) w (b) – w
(c) w (d) –w (a) 3 +1 (b) 5 +1
6. If z is a complex number of unit modulus and argument q,
(c) 2 (d) 2 + 2
æ 1+ z ö
then arg ç ÷ is equal to
è 1+ z ø 12. If z2 – z + 1 = 0, then zn – z–n, where n is a multiple of 3,
is
p (a) 2 (–1)n (b) 0
(a) –q (b) -q
2
(c) (–1)n+1 (d) None of these
(c) q (d) p – q
COMPLEX NUMBERS 75
13. The value of the expression 18. If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers satisfying the equation

z1 + iz 2 z
æ 1 öæ 1 ö æ 1 öæ 1 ö = 1, then 1 is
2 ç 1 + ÷ç1 + 2 ÷ + 3ç 2 + ÷ç 2 + 2 ÷ z1 - iz 2 z2
è w øè w ø è w øè w ø
(a) purely real (b) of unit modulus
æ 1öæ 1 ö æ 1 öæ 1 ö (c) purely imaginary (d) None of these
+4 ç 3 + ÷ ç 3 + 2 ÷ + ....... + (n + 1) ç n + ÷ ç n + 2 ÷ ,
è wø è w ø è wøè w ø
z1z - z2
19. If = K, K > 0 (z1, z2 ¹ 0), then
where w is an imaginary cube root of unity, is z1z + z2

n (n 2 + 2) n (n 2 - 2) (a) for k ¹ 1, locus z is a straight line

(a) (b)
3 3 (b) for k Ï {1, 0}, z lies on a circle
(c) for k ¹ 0, z represents a point
2 2
n (n + 1) + 4n (d) for k ¹ 1, z lies on the perpendicular bisector of the line
(c) (d) None of these
4 z2 z
segment joining and - 2 .
z1 z1
1 3
14. Which of the following is a fourth root of +i ? 20. If the complex numbers z 1 , z 2 , z 3 satisfying
2 2
z1 - z3 1 - i 3
= , then triangle is
p p z 2 - z3 2
(a) cis (b) cis
12 2
(a) an equilateral triangle
(b) a right angled triangle
p p
(c) cis (d) cis (c) a acute angled triangle
6 3
(d) an obtuse angled isosceles triangle
15. If a, b, g are the cube roots of a negative number p, then
for any three real numbers x, y, z the value of A B
21. If A and B be two complex numbers satisfying
+ = 1.
B A
xa + yb + zg Then the two points represented by A and B and the
is
xb + yg + za origin form the vertices of
(a) an equilateral triangle
1- i 3 -1 - i 3 (b) an isosceles triangle which is not equilateral
(a) (b)
2 2 (c) an isosceles triangle which is not right angled
(d) a right angled triangle
(c) (x + y + z) i (d) p
22. Let z1 and z2 be two roots of the equation z2 + az + b = 0, z
16. The complex number z = 1 + i is rotated through an angle being complex. Further, assume that the origin, z1 and z2
3p form an equilateral triangle, then
in anticlockwise direction about the origin and stretched (a) a2 = 2b (b) a2 = 3b
2
(c) c2 = ab (d) a2 = b
by additional 2 units, then the new complex number is
23. Let z1, z2 and z3 be three points on |z| = 1. If q1, q2 and q3 be
(a) - 2 - 2i (b) the arguments of z 1 , z 2 , z 3 respectively, then
2 - 2i
cos (q1 – q2) + cos (q2 – q3) + cos (q3 – q1)
(c) 2 - 2i (d) 2–2i 3
3
(a) ³ - (b) £ -
17. The equation |z + 1 – i| = |z – 1 + i| represents a 2 2

(a) straight line (b) circle 3

(c) ³ (d) none of these
(c) parabola (d) hyperbola 2
COMPLEX NUMBERS 76

p p 1 - iz
24. If z n = cos + isin for 29. If z = x + iy and w = , then |w| = 1
n(n + 1) (n + 2) n(n + 1) (n + 2) z-i
implies that in the complex plane
n=1, 2, 3, ....., k, then the value of Lk ®¥
im (z z .....z ) is
1 2 k (a) z lies on the imaginary axis
(b) z lies on the real axis
1 i 1 3 (c) z lies on the unit circle
(a) - (b) - + i
2 2 2 2 (d) None of the above
30. If z 1 lies in |z–3| < 4, z 2 on |z–1| + |z +1| = 3 and
1 3 1 i A = |z1 –z2|, then
(c) - - i (d) +
2 2 2 2
15 15
(a) 0 £ A £ (b) 0 < A £
25. If z is a complex number satisfying |z2 – 1|=4 |z|, then the 2 2
minimum value of |z| is
17 17
(c) 0 £ A £ (d) 0 £ A <
2 2
(a) 2 5 + 4 (b) 2 5 - 4

31. The system of equations | z + 1 + i|= 2 üï , (where i = -1 ) has

(c) 5 -2 (d) None of these ý
|z |= 3ïþ

26. The area of the triangle whose vertices are i, a, b, where

(a) no solution (b) one solution
i = -1 and a, b are the non-real cube roots of unity,, (c) two solutions (d) none of these
is 32. If | z | = max {| z – 1|, |z + 1|} then

1
3 3 3 3 (a) | z + z |= (b) z - z = 1
(a) (b) 2
2 4
(c) | z + z |= 1 (d) None of these
3 33. Locus of z, if
(c) 0 (d)
4
ì 3p
27.
n n
The roots of z - 1 = 2w z + 1 (where n ³ 3 and w is ïï 4 , when | z | £ | z - 2 |
arg[z - (1 + i)] = í is
ï -p , when | z | > | z - 2 |
complex cube root of unity) lie on a ïî 4
(a) straight line (b) ellipse
(a) straight line passing through (2, 0)
(c) circle (d) rectangular hyperbola
(b) straight lines passing through (2, 0), (1, 1)
28. Let P denotes a complex number z on the Argand’s plane,
(c) a line segment
æp ö (d) a set of two rays
and Q denotes a complex number 2 | z |2 CiS ç + q ÷
è4 ø Objective Questions II [One or more than one correct option]

where q = amp z. If ‘O’ is the origin, then the DOPQ is 34. If z1 = a + ib and z2 = c + id are complex numbers such
(a) isosceles but not right angled that |z1| = |z2| = 1 and Re z1z2 = 0, then the pair of
(b) right angled but not isosceles complex numbers w1 = a + ic and w2 = b + id satisfies
(c) right isosceles (a) |w1| =1 (b) |w2| =1
(d) equilateral (c) Re w1w 2 = 0 (d) None of the above
COMPLEX NUMBERS 77

35. Let z1 and z2 be complex numbers such that z1 ¹ z 2 and 41. If A (z1), B (z2) and C (z3) be the vertices of a triangle ABC

| z1 | = | z2 |. If z1 has positive real part and z2 has negative p AB

in which ÐABC = and = 2, then the value of z2
4 BC
z1 + z 2
imaginary part, then may be
z1 - z 2 is equal to
(a) z3 + i (z1 + z3) (b) z3 – i (z1 – z3)
(a) zero (b) real and positive
(c) z3 + i (z1 – z3) (d) None of these
(c) real and negative (d) purely imaginary
42. Suppose A(z1), B(z2) and C(z3) are vertices of a triangle
36. Let z1, z2 be two complex numbers represented by points
lying on the unit circle |z| = 1. AD is altitude of the DABC
on the circle |z| = 1 and |z| = 2, respectively, then
meeting the unit circle in E.
(a) max |2z1+z2| = 4 (b) min |z1–z2| = 1
(a) orthocentre of DABC is z1 + z2 + z3

1 (b) affix of E is –z2z3/z1

(c) z 2 + £3 (d) None of these
z1 (c) if z12 = z2z3 and z22 = z3z1, then DABC is equilateral
(d) if z2 + z3 = 0, then DABC is a right angled.
37. If a complex number z has modulus 1 and argument
p/3, then z2 + z 43. If z1, z2, z3, z4 are roots of the equation
(a) is purely imaginary a0z4 + a1z3 + a2z2 + a3z + a4 = 0,
where a0, a1, a2, a3 and a4 are real, then
(b) has modulus 3
(c) lies on the imaginary axis (a) z1 , z2 , z3 , z4 are also roots of the equation

(d) none of these (b) z1 is equal to at least one of z1 , z2 , z3 , z4

2
38. If a is an imaginary constant such that az + z + a = 0
(c) - z1 , - z2 , - z3 , - z4 are also roots of the equation
has a real root, then
(d) None of the above
(a) a + a = 1
Numerical Value Type Questions
(b) a + a = 0

(c) a + a = -1 6 6
æ1+ i 3 ö æ1- i 3 ö
44. The value of ç is
(d) the absolute value of the real root is 1 ç 1 - i 3 ÷÷ + çç 1 + i 3 ÷÷
è ø è ø
39. If w ¹ 1 is a complex cube root of unity, then sum of the
series S = 1 + 2w + 3w2 + ... + 3nw3n-1 (n Î N) is 45. If z2 + z + 1 = 0, where z is a complex number, then the value
2 2
3n 2 æ 1 ö æ 2
2
ö 1 3
2
æ 1ö 6 æ 1ö
(a) (b) n w - 1 of ç z + ÷ + ç z + 2 ÷ + ç z + 3 ÷ + ... + ç z + 6 ÷ is
w -1 è z ø z è z
ø è ø z è ø

(c) 0 (d) 1 46. Number of common roots of the equations

40. If z0, z1 represents points P, Q on the locus |z–1|=1 and z 3 + 2 z 2 + 2 z + 1 = 0 and z1985 + z100 + 1 = 0 , z being a
p complex number, is
the line segment PQ subtends an angle at the points
2 47. If a and b are different complex numbers with |b| = l, then
z = 1, then z1 is equal to
b-a
is
i 1 - ab
(a) 1 + i (z0 –1) (b)
z0 - 1
48. For a complex number z the minimum value of
(c) 1 – i (z0 –1) (d) i (z0 –1) | z | + | z – 2 | is
COMPLEX NUMBERS 78

49. If a,b,c are three distinct real numbers and w ¹ 1 is a complex Match the Following

a + bw + cw 2 Each question has two columns. Four options are given

cube root of unity, then the value of is representing matching of elements from Column-I and
a w 2 + b + cw
Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds
50. If z lies on the circle centered at origin and if area of the to a correct matching. For each question, choose the
option corresponding to the correct matching.
triangle, whose vertices are z, wz and z + wz, (w being an
imaginary cube root of unity), is 4 3 sq. units. Then radius 57. Match the following
of the circle is Column I Column II
(A) Locus of the point z (P) A circle
51. If 1, x1, x2, x3 are the roots of x4 - 1 = 0 and w is an imaginary
cube root of unity, then the value of satisfying the equation
Re (z2) = Re (z + z)
2 2 2
w - x1 w - x2 w - x3
is (B) Locus of the point z (Q) A straight line
w - x1 w - x2 w - x3
satisfying the equation
|z–z1| + |z–z2|=l, l Î R+
2z - i
52. If z Î C, then = m, m Î R represents a straight line and l S |z1 – z2|
5z + 1
(C) Locus of the point z (R) An ellipse
if 10 m = satisfying the equation
53. If a point z1 is the reflection of a point z2 through the line
2z - i
bz + bz = c, b ¹ 0, in the Argand plane, then bz 2 + bz1 is = m, where
z +1
equal to kc, then value of k is
i = -1 , mÎR+
54. Number of complex numbers z such that |z| = 1 and
(D) If | z | = 25, then the points (S) A rectangular
z z
+ = 1 is representing the complex hyperbola
z z
number -1 + 75 z will be on
Assertion & Reason
The correct matching is
(A) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is true, REASON is a (a) A–S; B–Q,R; C–Q,P; D–P
correct explanation for ASSERTION. (b) A–Q; B–P; C–Q,P; D–S
(B) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is true, REASON is not (c) A–P; B–Q; C–R; D–S
a correct explanation for ASSERTION. (d) A–S; B–Q; C–R; D–P
(C) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is false. 58. Match the equation on the left with the curve they
represent on the right
(D) If ASSERTION is false, REASON is true.
Column 1 Column 2
55. Assertion : If z is a complex number (z ¹ 1), then (A) |z - 3| + |z - i| = 10 (P) circle
z 2z - 3
- 1 £ | arg z | =2
|z| (B) (Q) hyperbola
z -i
Reason : In a unit radius circle chord (AP) £ arc (AP) 2 2
(C) z + z = 5 (R) straight line
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D z-6
(D) =3 (S) ellipse
z - 2i
1 3
56. Assertion : If |z| ³ 2, then the least value of z + is . The correct matching is
2 2
(a) A-S; B-R; C-P; D-Q
Reason : |z1 + z2| £ |z1| + |z2| (b) A-S; B-P; C-Q; D-P
(a) A (b) B (c) A-S; B-R; C-R; D-P
(c) C (d) D (d) A-S; B-R; C-Q; D-P
COMPLEX NUMBERS 79
Using the following passage, solve Q.59 to Q.62 If ÐPOQ = q, From Rotation theorem

Passage – 1 z 2 - 0 | z 2 | iq z z |z |
= e Þ 2 1 = 2 e iq
z1 - 0 | z1 | z1 z1 | z1 |
æ 2p ö æ 2p ö
Let w = cos ç ÷ + isin ç ÷ and a = w + w2 + w4 and z 2 z1 | z 2 | iq
è 7 ø è 7 ø Þ = e Þ z 2 z1 =| z1 | | z 2 | eiq
| z1 |2 | z1 |
b = w3 + w5 + w6.
59. ab equals : Þ z 2 z1 =| z1 | | z 2 | (cos q + i sin q)
(a) –1 (b) 0
\ Re (z 2 z1 ) =| z1 | | z 2 | cos q ... (i)
(c) 1 (d) 2
60. a and b are roots of the equations : and Im (z 2 z1 ) =| z1 | | z 2 | sin q ... (ii)
(a) x2 + x + 1 = 0 (b) x2 + x + 2 = 0 The dot product of z1 and z2 is defined by z1 . z2 = |z1| |z2|
2
(c) x + 3x + 5 = 0 (d) None of these cos q = Re (z 2 z1 ) [from (i)] and cross product of z1 and z2
61. 2a equals :
is defined z1 × z2 = |z1| |z2| sin q = Im (z 2 z1 ) [from Eq. (ii)]
(a) -1 + 7 i (b) -1 - 7 i
63. If z1 = 2 + 5i, z2 = 3 – i, then the value of (z1 .z 2 + z 2 ´ z1 )
(c) 1 + 7i (d) 1 – 7i
is equal to
6 (a) 2 (b) 3
k2
62. åw
k =0
equals :
(c) 2 3 (d) 3 2

(a) i (b) 7i 64. If z 1 = 3 + 4i and z 2 = 4 + 3i, then the value of

æ 3p ö
(c) –i (d) - 7 i sin q ç p < q < ÷ is equal to
è 2 ø
Using the following passage, solve Q.63 to Q.65
1 7
Passage – 2 (a) - (b) -
7 25

Let z1 = a1 + ib1 º (a1, b1) and z2 = a2 + ib2 º (a2, b2); where 1

24
(c) - (d) -
i = -1, be two complex numbers. 25 25
65. If z1 = 5 + 12i and z2 = 3 + 4i, then (the projection of
z1 on z2 + projection of z2 on z1) is equal to

4131 3411
(a) (b)
65 65

1134 1341
(c) (d)
65 65
COMPLEX NUMBERS 80

EXERCISE - 4 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

Objective Questions I [Only one correct option] n n
6. If w ¹ 1 be a cube root of unity and 1 + w2 = 1 + w4 ,
1. Let z1 and z2 be nth roots of unity which subtend a right
then the least positive value of n is (2004)
angle at the origin, then n must be of the form
(where k is an integer) (2001) (a) 2 (b) 3

(a) 4k + 1 (b) 4k + 2 (c) 5 (d) 6

(c) 4k + 3 (d) 4k 7. The minimum value of |a + bw + cw2|, where a, b and c are all
2. The complex numbers z 1 , z 2 and z 3 satisfying not equal integers and w ¹ 1 is a cube root of unity, is

z1 - z3 1 - i 3 (2005)
= are the vertices of a triangle which is
z 2 - z3 2
1
(a) 3 (b)
(2001) 2
(a) of area zero (b) right-angled isosceles (c) 1 (d) 0
(c) equilateral (d) obtuse-angled isosceles
8. The shaded region, where P = (–1, 0), Q = (–1 + 2, 2 ),
1 3
3. Let w = - + i , then value of the determinant R = (–1 + 2, - 2 ), S = (1, 0) is represented by (2005)
2 2

1 1 1
2
1 -1 - w w2 is (2002)
1 w2 w

(a) 3 w (b) 3 w (w – 1)
(c) 3w2 (d) 3 w (1 – w)
4. For all complex numbers z1, z2 satisfying | z 1| = 12 and
| z2–3 – 4i | = 5, the minimum value of |z1 – z2| is
(2002)
(a) 0 (b) 2 p
(a) | z + 1 |> 2,| arg (z + 1) |<
4
(c) 7 (d) 17

z -1 p
5. If | z | = 1 and w = where z ¹ -1 , then Re (w) is (b) | z + 1 |< 2,| arg (z + 1) |<
z +1 2

(2003)
p
(c) | z + 1 | > 2,| arg (z + 1) |>
1 4
(a) 0 (b)
| z + 1|2
p
(d) | z - 1 |< 2,| arg (z + 1) |>
1 1 2 2
(c) . (d)
z + 1 | z + 1|2 | z + 1|2
COMPLEX NUMBERS 81

9. If w = a + ib, where b ¹ 0 and z ¹ 1, satisfies the condition 14. Let z = x + iy be a complex number where x and y are
integers. Then, the area of the rectangle whose vertices
æ w - wz ö
that ç ÷ is purely real, then the set of values of z is
è 1- z ø are the roots of the equation zz3 + zz3 = 350 is (2009)
(2006)
(a) 48 (b) 32
(a) | z | = 1, z ¹ 2 (b) | z | = 1 and z ¹ 1
(c) 40 (d) 80
(c) z = z (d) None of the above
10. A man walks a distance of 3 units from the origin towards 15. Let w ¹ 1 be a cube root of unity and S be the set of all non-
the north-east (N 45o E) direction. From there, he walks a
distance of 4 units towards the north-west (N 45oW) é1 a bù
direction to reach a point P. Then, the position of P in the singular matrices of the form ê w 1 c úú , where each of
ê
Argand plane is (2007) 2
ëêw w 1 úû
(a) 3eip/4 + 4i (b) (3 – 4i)eip/4
(c) (4 – 3i)eip/4 (d) (3 + 4i)eip/4 a, b and c is either w or w2. Then the number of distinct
z matrices in the set S is (2011)
11. If | z | = 1 and z ¹ ±1 , then all the values of lie on
1 - z2
(a) 2 (b) 6
(2007)
(c) 4 (d) 8
(a) a line not passing through the origin
16. Let z be a complex number such that the imaginary part of
(b) | z |= 2 z is non-zero and a = z2 + z + 1 is real. Then, a cannot take
(c) the x-axis the value (2012)
(d) the y-axis
1
12. A particle P starts from the point z0 = 1 + 2i, where i = -1. (a) –1 (b)
3
It moves first horizontally away from origin by 5 units and
then vertically away from origin by 3 units to reach a point
1 3
z1. From z1 the particle moves 2 units in the direction of (c) (d)
2 4
p
the vector ˆi + ˆj and then it moves through an angle in
2
1
anticlockwise direction on a circle with centre at origin, to 17. Let complex numbers a and lies on circles
a
reach a point z2. The point z2 is given by
(2008)
(x – x0)2 + (y – y0)2 = r2 and
(a) 6 + 7i (b) –7 + 6i
(x – x0)2 + (y – y0)2 = 4r2 , respectively.
(c) 7 + 6i (d) –6 + 7i
If z0 = x0 + iy0 satisfies the equation 2|z0|2 = r2 + 2, then |a| is
15
2m -1
13. Let z = cos q + i sin q. Then, the value of å Im (z
m =1
) at equal to (2013)

q = 2° is (2009)
1 1
(a) (b)
1 2 2
1
(a) (b)
sin 2° 3 sin 2°

1 1
1 1 (c) (d)
(c) (d) 7 3
2 sin 2° 4 sin 2°
COMPLEX NUMBERS 82

18. Let S be the set of all complex numbers z satisfying

3 +i
| z - 2 + i |³ 5 . If the complex number z0 is such that 21. Let w = and P = {wn : n = 1, 2, 3,....}. Further
2

1 ïì 1 ïü ì 1ü ì 1ü
: z Î S ý ,then H1 = íz Î C: Re z > ý and H2 = íz Î C: Re z < - ý ,
| z 0 - 1 | is the maximum of the set íï z - 1 ïþ î 2þ î 2þ
î
where C is the set of all complex numbers, if z1 Î P Ç H1, z2
Î P Ç H2 and O represents the origin, then Ðz1 O z2 is equal
4 - z0 - z 0
the principal argument of is (2019) to (2013)
z0 - z 0 + 2i
p p
(a) (b)
p 3p 2 6
(a) (b)
4 4
2p 5p
(c) (d)
p p 3 6
(c) - (d)
2 2
22. Let w be a complex cube root of unity with w ¹ 1 and
P = [pij] be a n × n matrix with pij = wi + j. Then, P2 ¹ 0, when
19. Let q1 , q2 ,....q10 be positive valued angles (in radian) such
n is equal to (2013)
that q1 + q2 + .... + q10 = 2p . Define the complex numbers (a) 57 (b) 55
z1 = eiq1 , z k = z k -1eiqk for k = 2,3,...,10 where i = -1 . (c) 58 (d) 56

Consider the statements P and Q given below: 23. Let a, b Î R and a2 + b 2 ¹ 0.

P : z 2 - z1 + z3 - z 2 + ... + z10 - z9 + z1 - z10 £ 2p ì 1 ü

Suppose S = íz Î C : z = , t Î R, t ¹ 0 ý , where
î a + ibt þ
Q : z 2 2 - z12 + z32 - z 2 2 + .... + z102 - z9 2
i = –1 . If z = x + iy and z Î S, then (x, y) lies on
(2016)
+ z12 - z10 2 £ 4p
1 æ 1 ö
Then, (2021) (a) the circle with radius and centre ç ,0 ÷
2a è 2a ø
(a) P is TRUE and Q is FALSE
for a > 0, b ¹ 0
(b) Q is TRUE and P is FALSE
(c) Both P and Q are TRUE
1 æ 1 ö
(b) the circle with radius - and centre ç - ,0 ÷
2a è 2a ø
(d) Both P and Q are FALSE
for a < 0, b ¹ 0
Objective Questions II [One or more than one correct option]
(c) the x-axis for a ¹ 0, b = 0
20. Let z1 and z2 be two distinct complex numbers and let (d) the y-axis for a = 0, b ¹ 0
z = (1 – t) z1 + tz2 for some real number t with 0 < t < 1. If arg 24. Let a, b, x and y be real numbers such that
(w) denotes the principal argument of a non-zero complex a – b = 1 and y ¹ 0. If the complex number z = x + iy
number w, then (2010)
æ az + b ö
(a) | z – z1 | + | z – z2 | = | z1 – z2 | satisfies Im ç ÷ = y, then which of the following
è z +1 ø
(b) arg (z – z1) = arg (z – z2) is(are) possible value(s) of x ? (2017)

z - z1 z - z1
(c) =0 (a) -1 + 1 - y 2 (b) 1 - 1 + y 2
z 2 - z1 z2 - z1

(d) arg (z – z1) = arg (z2 – z1) (c) 1 + 1 + y 2 (d) -1 - 1 - y 2

COMPLEX NUMBERS 83

25. For a non-zero complex number z, let arg(z) denote the 27. Let S be the set of all complex numbers z satisfying
|z2 + z + 1| = 1. Then which of the following statements is/
principal argument with -p < arg z £ p Then, which of
are TRUE ? (2020)
the following statement(s) is (are) FALSE? (2018)
1 1
p (a) z + £ for all z Î S
(a) arg -1- i = , where i = -1 2 2
4

(b) | z | £ 2 for all z Î S

(b) The function f : ¡ ¾¾
® -p, p defined by

f(t) = arg(-1 + it) for all t Î ¡ , is continuous at all 1 1

(c) z + ³ for all z Î S
2 2
points of ¡, where i = -1
(d) The set S has exactly four elements
(c) For any two non-zero complex number z1 and z2,
28. For any complex number w = c + id, let arg w Î -p, p ,
æz ö
arg ç 1 ÷ - arg z1 + arg z 2 is an integer multiple of
è z2 ø where i = -1 . Let a and b be real numbers such that for

2p æ z+a ö p
all complex numbers z = x + iy satisfying arg ç ÷= ,
è z +b ø 4
(d) For any three given distinct complex numbers z1, z2
and z3, the locus of the point z satisfying the condition the ordered pair (x, y) lies on the circle x2 + y2 + 5x – 3y + 4 = 0.

Then which of the following statements is (are) TRUE?

æ z - z1 z 2 - z3 ö
arg ç ÷÷ = p, lies on a straight line .
ç z-z z -z (2021)
è 3 2 1 ø
(a) a = –1 (b) ab = 4
26. Let s, t, r be non-zero complex numbers and L be the set of (c) ab = – 4 (d) b = 4

solutions z = x + iy x, y Î ¡,i = -1 of the equation Numerical Value Type Questions

sz + tz + r = 0, where z = x - iy. Then, which of the 29. If z is any complex number satisfying |z – 3 –2i| £ 2, then
the minimum value of |2z – 6 + 5i| is... (2011)
following statement(s) is (are) TRUE? (2018)

(a) If L has exactly one element, then s ¹ t æ kp ö æ kp ö

30. For any integer k, let a k = cos ç ÷ + i sin ç ÷ , where
è 7 ø è 7 ø

(b) If s = t , then L has infinitely many elements

12

åa k +1 -a k
(c) The number of elements in L Ç z : z - 1 + i = 5 is at 3
k =1

i = -1. The value of the expression is

åa 4k -1 -a 4k - 2
most 2 k =1

(d) If L has more than one element, then L has infinitely

(2015)
many elements .
COMPLEX NUMBERS 84

31. Let w be a cube root of unity. Then the minimum of the set 34. Match the statement of Column I with these in Column II.

2 [Note: Here z takes values in the complex plane and Im (z)

a + bw + cw 2 : a, b, c are distinct non zero integers
and Re (z) denotes respectively, the imaginary part and

equals __________. (2019) real part of z]

32. For a complex number z, let Re (z) denote the real part of z. Column I Column II
Let T be the set of all complex numbers z satisfying (A) The set of points z (p) an ellipse with
4
z 4 - z = 4iz 2 , where i = -1 . Then the minimum satisfying |z – i| z ||=|z+i|z|| is eccentricity 4/5

2
contained in or equal to
possible value of z1 - z2 , where z1 , z2 ÎT with
(B) The set of points z (q) the set of points z
Re ( z1 ) > 0 and Re ( z2 ) < 0, is… (2020)
satisfying |z+4|+|z–4|=10 is satisfying Im (z) = 0

Match the Following contained in or equal to

(C) If |w|=2, then the set of (r) the set of points z

Each question has two columns. Four options are given
representing matching of elements from Column-I and
1
points z = w - is satisfying |Im (z)| £ 1
Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds w
to a correct matching.For each question, choose the option
corresponding to the correct matching. contained in or equal to

33. Match the conditions/expressions in Column I with (D) If |w| = 1, then the set of (s) the set of points

statement in Column II.

1
points z = w + is satisfying |Re (z)| £ 2
z ¹ 0 is a complex number w
Column I Column II
contained in or equal to
(A) Re(z) = 0 (p) Re (z2) = 0
(t) the set of points
p
(B) arg (z) = (q) Im (z2) = 0 satisfying | z | £ 3
4
(2010)
2 2
(r) Re (z ) = Im (z )
Options
Options
A B C D
A B
(a) t s r p
(a) p q
(b) q r t s
(b) q r
(c) p q r q
(c) q p
(d) q p t s
(d) p p
COMPLEX NUMBERS 85
36. The number of elements in the set A Ç B Ç C is
æ 2kp ö æ 2kp ö
35. Let z k = cos ç ÷ + i sin ç ÷ ; k = 1,2, ...., 9. (a) 0 (b) 1
è 10 ø è 10 ø
(c) 2 (d) ¥
(2014)
37. Let z be any point in A Ç B Ç C. Then
2 2
List I List II |z + 1 – i| + |z – 5 – i| lies between
P. For each zk there exists a zj such 1. True (a) 25 and 29 (b) 30 and 34
that zk . zj = 1 (c) 35 and 39 (d) 40 and 44
Q. There exists a k Î {1, 2, .... , 9} 2. False 38. Let z be any point in A Ç B Ç C and let w be any point
such that z1 . z = zk has no solution satisfying |w – 2 – i| < 3. Then, |z| – |w| + 3 lies between

z in the set of complex numbers. (a) –6 and 3 (b) –3 and 6

(c) –6 and 6 (d) – 3 and 9
|1 - z1 ||1 - z 2 | ... | 1 - z9 |
R. equals 3. 1 Using the following passage, solve Q.39 and Q.40
10

9
Passage – 2
æ 2kp ö
S. 1 - å cos ç ÷ equals 4. 2
k =1 è 10 ø Let S = S1 Ç S2 Ç S3, where
P Q R S
ì é z -1+ 3 i ù üï
(a) 1 2 4 3 S1 = {z Î C : |z| < 4}, S2 = ïíz Î C : Im ê ú > 0ý
îï ë 1- 3 i û þï
(b) 2 1 3 4
and S3 : {z Î C : Re (z) > 0} (2013)
(c) 1 2 3 4
39. Area of S is equal to
(d) 2 1 4 3
10 p 20p
Using the following passage, solve Q.36 to Q.38 (a) (b)
3 3
Passage – 1
16 p 32p
(c) (d)
Read the following passage and answer the questions. 3 3
Let A, B, C be three sets of complex number as defined min |1–3i – z| is equal to
40.
below zÎs

A = {z : Im (z) ³ 1}
2- 3 2+ 3
B = {z : |z – 2 – i| = 3} (a) (b)
2 2
C = {z : Re ((1 – i)z) = 2} (2008)
3- 3 3+ 3
(c) (d)
2 2
 Answer Key
CHAPTER -2 COMPLEX NUMBERS
EXERCISE - 1 : EXERCISE - 2 :
BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAIN QUESTIONS

DIRECTION TO USE - DIRECTION TO USE -

Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions. Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions.

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (b) 1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (d)

6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (b) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (d)

11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (a) 11. (c) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (c)

16. (c) 17. (b) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (a) 16. (d) 17. (a) 18. (a) 19. (91) 20. (b)

21. (b) 22. (d) 23. (c) 24. (d) 25. (d) 21. (a) 22. (a) 23. (c) 24. (b) 25. (4.00)

26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (c) 29. (c) 30. (d) 26. (a) 27. (c) 28. (c) 29. (d) 30. (c)

31. (b) 32. (a) 33. (c) 34. (a) 35. (b) 31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (c) 34. (a) 35. (c)

36. (c) 37. (b) 38. (b) 39. (c) 40. (d) 36. (c) 37. (b) 38. (a) 39. (48.00)

41. (a) 42. (c) 43. (a) 44. (a) 45. (b) 40. (3.00) 41. (b) 42. (c) 43. (310.00)

46. (a) 47. (b) 48. (b) 49. (b) 50. (b) 44. (10.00)45. (d) 46. (6.00) 47. (b) 48. (0.00)

51. (b) 52. (b) 53. (4) 54. (-2) 55. (0) 49. (a) 50. (4.00) 51. (b) 52. (c) 53. (c)

56. (0) 57. (-4) 58. (-2) 59. (3) 60. (1) 54. (c) 55. (a) 56. (d) 57. (1.00) 58. (c)

61. (3) 62. (6) 63. (1) 64. (1.5) 65. (17) 59. (1.00) 60. (5.00) 61. (6.00) 62. (c) 63. (c)

64. (13.00) 65. (6.00) 66. (98.00) 67. (b)

68. (c) 69. (d) 70. (a)

ANSWER KEY 167

CHAPTER -2 COMPLEX NUMBERS

EXERCISE - 3 : EXERCISE - 4 :
ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

DIRECTION TO USE - DIRECTION TO USE -

Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions. Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions.

1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (b) 1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (a)

6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (b) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (d)

11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (b) 11. (d) 12. (d) 13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (a)

16. (d) 17. (a) 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (a) 16. (d) 17. (c) 18. (c) 19. (c)

21. (a) 22. (b) 23. (a) 24. (d) 25. (c) 20. (a,c,d) 21. (c,d) 22. (b,c,d) 23. (a,c,d) 24. (a,d)

26. (d) 27. (c) 28. (c) 29. (b) 30. (d) 25. (a,b,d) 26. (a,c,d) 27. (b,c) 28. (b,d) 29. (5)

31. (a) 32. (d) 33. (d) 34. (a,b,c) 30. (4) 31. (3.00) 32. (8.00) 33. (c) 34. (d)

35. (a,d) 36. (a,b,c) 37. (a,b,c) 35. (c) 36. (b) 37. (c) 38. (d) 39. (b)

38. (a,c,d)39. (a,b) 40. (a,c) 41. (b,c) 40. (c)

42. (a,b,c,d) 43. (a,b) 44. (2) 45. (12)

46. (2) 47. (1) 48. (2) 49. (1) 50. (4)

51. (1) 52. (4) 53. (1) 54. (8) 55. (a)

56. (b) 57. (a) 58. (d) 59. (d) 60. (b)

61. (a) 62. (b) 63. (d) 64. (b) 65. (c)
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Team
School of Educators & Artham Resources
 SKILL MODULES BEING OFFERED IN
MIDDLE SCHOOL

Artificial Intelligence Beauty & Wellness Design Thinking & Financial Literacy
Innovation

Handicrafts Information Technology Marketing/Commercial Mass Media - Being Media

Application Literate

Data Science (Class VIII Augmented Reality /

Travel & Tourism Coding
only) Virtual Reality

Digital Citizenship Life Cycle of Medicine & Things you should know What to do when Doctor
Vaccine about keeping Medicines is not around
at home

Humanity & Covid-19 Blue Pottery Pottery Block Printing

 Food Food Preservation Baking Herbal Heritage

Khadi Mask Making Mass Media Making of a Graphic

Novel

Kashmiri Embroidery Satellites

Rockets
Embroidery

Application of Photography
Satellites
SKILL SUBJECTS AT SECONDARY LEVEL (CLASSES IX – X)

Retail Information Technology Automotive

Security

Introduction To Financial Introduction To Tourism Beauty & Wellness Agriculture

Markets

Food Production Front Office Operations Banking & Insurance Marketing & Sales

Health Care Apparel Multi Media Multi Skill Foundation

Course

Artificial Intelligence
Physical Activity Trainer Electronics & Hardware
Data Science
(NEW)

Foundation Skills For Sciences Design Thinking & Innovation (NEW)

(Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology)(NEW)
 SKILL SUBJECTS AT SR. SEC. LEVEL
(CLASSES XI – XII)

Retail InformationTechnology Web Application Automotive

Financial Markets Management Tourism Beauty & Wellness Agriculture

Food Production Front Office Operations Banking Marketing

Health Care Insurance Horticulture Typography & Comp.

Application

Geospatial Technology Electrical Technology Electronic Technology Multi-Media

 Taxation Cost Accounting Office Procedures & Shorthand (English)
Practices

Shorthand (Hindi) Air-Conditioning & Medical Diagnostics Textile Design

Refrigeration

Salesmanship Business Food Nutrition &

Design
Administration Dietetics

Mass Media Studies Library & Information Fashion Studies Applied Mathematics
Science

Yoga Early Childhood Care & Artificial Intelligence Data Science

Education

Physical Activity Land Transportation Electronics & Design Thinking &

Trainer(new) Associate (NEW) Hardware (NEW) Innovation (NEW)