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Lesson 2 MGNT Science

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13 views

Lesson 2 MGNT Science

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bulala.aj
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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What is Linear Inequality in Maths?

In Mathematics, inequality represents the mathematical


expression in which both sides are not equal. If the relationship
makes the non-equal comparison between two expressions or two
numbers, then it is known as inequality in Maths. In this case, the
equal sign “=” in the expression is replaced by any of the
inequality symbols such as greater than symbol (>), less than
symbol (<), greater than or equal to symbol (≥), less than or
equal to symbol (≤) or not equal to symbol (≠). The different
types of inequalities in Maths are polynomial inequality, rational
inequality, absolute value inequality.

The symbols ‘<‘ and ‘>’ express the strict inequalities and the
symbols ‘≤’ and ‘≥’ denote slack inequalities. A linear inequality
seems exactly like a linear equation but there is a change in the
symbol that relates two expressions.

How to Solve Inequalities in Maths?


Follow the below steps to solve all types of inequalities:

Step 1: First, write the inequality as an equation.

Step 2: Solve the given equation for one or more values.

Step 3: Now, represent all the values obtained in the number


line.

Step 4: Use open circles to represent the excluded values on the


number line.

Step 5: Find the interval.

Step 6: Now take any random value from the interval and
substitute it in the inequality equation to check whether the
values satisfy the inequality equation.
Step 7: Intervals that satisfy the inequality equation are the
solutions of the given inequality equation.

Linear Inequalities Graphing


When we plot the graph for inequalities, we can see the graph of
an ordinary linear function. But in the case of a linear function,
the graph is a line and in the case of inequalities, the graph is the
area of the coordinate plane that satisfies the inequality.

The linear inequality graph divides the coordinate plane into two
parts by a borderline. This line is the line that belongs to the
function. One part of the borderline consists of all solutions to the
inequality. The borderline is dashed for inequalities ‘>’ and ‘<’
and solid for ‘≥’ and ‘≤’.

To plot an inequality graph, we need to follow three steps:

 Rearrange the given equation such that the variable ‘y’ is on


the left-hand side and the rest of the equation on the right-
hand side. For example, y>x+2
 Plot the graph for “y=x+2” line by putting the values for x.
 Remember to draw a solid line for y≤ or y≥ and a dashed
line for y< or y>.
 Now, shade the line as per inequalities, such as above the
line for a “greater than” (y> or y≥) and below the line for a
“less than” (y< or y≤).

System of Linear Inequalities


A system of linear inequalities in two variables includes at least
two linear inequalities in the identical variables. When we solve
linear inequality then we get an ordered pair. So basically, in a
system, the solution to all inequalities and the graph of the linear
inequality is the graph displaying all solutions of the system. Let
us see an example to understand it.
Example: Graph the Linear inequality: 2x – y >1, x – 2y < –
1

Solution: Given two inequality expressions:

2x – y >1 ….(i)

x – 2y < – 1 …(ii)

We need to find the solution for the given inequalities using a


graph.

Let us take first, 2x – y > 1

We have to find the points to plot in the graph.

Putting x = 0 in equation (i) and putting ‘=’ instead of ‘>’

y = -1

Again putting y = 0 in equation (i) and putting ‘=’ instead of ‘>’

x = 1/2 = =0.5

Thus, the points are (0,-1) and (0.5,0).

If we put x=0 and y=0, to check for origin, then;

0 >1, which is not true.

Thus, the origin does not lie in the solution of 2x – y > 1.

Repeat the same step for equation (ii). Thus the required points
will (0, 0.5) and (-1, 0).

Checking for origin, put x =0 and y = 0.

0 < -1, which is not true.

Thus, the origin does not lie in the solution of x – 2y < – 1.


Linear Inequalities Problems
Example 1:

Solve the inequality 4 ( x + 2 ) − 1 > 5 − 7 ( 4 − x )

Solution:

Given,

4(x+2)−1>5−7(4−x)

Expanding the brackets and multiplying by each term we get;


4 x + 8 − 1 > 5 − 28 + 7 x

4 x + 7 > − 23 + 7 x

Subtract 7 on both the sides

4x + 7 – 7 > -23 + 7x – 7

4x > -30 + 7x

Subtracting 7x from both the sides

4x – 7x > -30 + 7x – 7x

− 3 x > − 30

Multiplying both the sides by -1, the inequality gets reversed;

-3x (-1) < -30 x (-1)

3x < 30

Dividing both the sides by 3, we get;

3x/3 < 30/3

x < 10

Hence, x lies between -∞ and less than 10.

Example 2:

Solve the following inequality 8 ≤ 3 − 5 x < 12

Solution:

Given,

8 ≤ 3 − 5 x < 12

We can distribute the intervals as:

8 ≤ 3 – 5x and 3 – 5x < 12
Now taking one at a time.

8 ≤ 3 – 5x

Subtracting 3 on both the side

8 – 3 ≤ 3 – 5x – 3

5 ≤ -5x

Multiplying by (-1) on both sides reverses the inequality sign.

5 (-1) ≥ -5x (-1)

-5 ≥ 5x

Dividing both the sides by 5, we get;

-5/5 ≥ 5x/5

-1 ≥ x … (i)

Now, taking the second interval, we have;

3 – 5x < 12

Subtracting 3 on both the sides;

3 – 5x – 3 < 12 – 3

-5x < 9

Multiplying by (-1) on both sides reverses the inequality sign.

(-1) (-5x) > 9 (-1)

5x > -9

Dividing by 5 on both the sides;

5x/5 > -9/5

x > -9/5 … (ii)


On combining both the intervals (i) and (ii), we can write;

− 1 ≥ x > − 9/5

or

-9/5 < x ≤ -1

Hence, x lies between the interval (-9/5,-1).

2400=60x + 40y
I= 2,500x +1500y
X+y>= 50
x>= 0 , y>= 0

30,20
20,30
25,25

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